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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Rats – Effect of insecticides on'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Carboni, Deborah Ann. "Comparative evolution of mipafox-induced delayed neuropathy in the rat and hen." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-12052009-020159/.

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2

Kayouka, Maya. "Effet de la modulation de la cinétique plasmatique de la pralidoxime sur son efficacité thérapeutique chez le rat." Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05P601.

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Les objectifs de cette thèse sont - Modifier la cinétique de la pralidoxime (PRX) pour augmenter le temps durant lequel ses concentrations plasmatiques sont > à 4 mg/l. - Déterminer si cette modification de sa cinétique s’accompagne d’un accroissement de son activité antidotique. Les mesures de la clairance de la créatinine et de PRX ont d’abord montré sa sécrétion rénale. La cinétique de PRX a ensuite été modulée dans un modèle d’insuffisance rénale aiguë (IRA) chez le rat induit par le bichromate de potassium. La structure cationique de PRX nous a suggéré que les transporteurs de cations organiques (OCT) pourraient être impliqués dans sa sécrétion. Leur implication a été confirmée par - le tetraéthylammonium (TEA, 75 mg/kg IM), substrat des OCT, 15 minutes avant PRX, modifie la cinétique plasmatique de PRX - les souris KO en OCT1,2, mais pas 3, qui montrent des concentrations plasmatiques en PRX 3 fois supérieures à celles des souris contrôles. Ces résultats montrent l’élimination rénale de PRX par OCT1,2. L’intoxication des OP cause des troubles respiratoires graves. La ventilation de repos a été étudiée par pléthysmographie corps entier chez le rat intoxiqué au paraoxon pour évaluer l’efficacité de PRX. L’effet antidotique d’une seule dose (50 mg/kg, IM) de PRX sur la ventilation de repos est partiel et limité dans le temps. La même dose a des effets complets et plus prolongés quand elle est administrée à des rats chez lesquels les concentrations plasmatiques de PRX sont augmentées de façon « physiologique » (prétraitement par le TEA) ou non (IRA). L’effet antidotique de la PRX est donc lié au maintien de concentrations plasmatiques élevées > à 10 mg/l
The objectives of this thesis are - to modify the pralidoxime (PRX) kinetics to increase the time during which the plasma concentration are > 4 mg/l. - to determine if its kinetic modification comes with an increase in its antidotal activity. The determinations of creatinine and PRX clearances’, allowed us to show the renal secretion of PRX. The kinetics of PRX were then modulate in an acute renal failure (ARF) caused by potassium dichromate in rats. The cationic structure of PRX has suggested that the organic cations transporters (OCT) may play a role in its renal secretion. The OCT implication was confirmed by - the tetraethylammonium (TEA, 75 mg/kg IM), substrate of OCT, 15 minutes before the injection of PRX, modify the plasma kinetic of PRX by reducing its clearance. - the KO mice OCT1, 2 but not 3, that show plasma concentrations of PRX 3 fold higher than Wild Type mice. These results show the PRX renal elimination and the possibility to modulate its elimination. The OP intoxication cause severe respiratory disorders. The ventilation at rest was studied using whole body plethysmography in the paraoxon-intoxicated rat to evaluate the efficiency of PRX. The antidotal activity of one PRX dose (50 mg/kg, IM) on the ventilation at rest is partial and time limited (< 30 min). The same PRX dose has complete and longer antidotal effects when administered to animals where the plasma concentrations of PRX are higher in a « physiological » way (TEA) or not (acute renal failure). In conclusion, our results show that the antidotal effect of PRX is correlated to the maintain of high plasma concentration > 10 mg/l

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3

Turner, David Edward. "Reduced dose rate insecticide use in cereals : effects on insect pests and predators." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296165.

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4

Watson, T. F., and Clay Mullis. "Effect of Various Insecticides on Pink Bollworm Control." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/204083.

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5

Hambleton, Faith Ann (Faith Ann Elizabeth). "Effect of pH on the Persistence and Toxicity of Cyfluthrin to Chironomus Tentans." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1992. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc935772/.

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The effect of pH upon the aquatic toxicity of cyfluthrin was determined in 48 h static acute toxicity tests using 2nd instar Chironomus tentans larvae. Tests were conducted in both dechlorinated tap water and lake water of pH 8.0, 7.2, and 6.6. After 48 h, immobilized and dead larvae were removed and replaced with 2nd instar larvae to assess the persistence of toxicity. Midges were cultured in water adjusted to the pH values used in testing. Toxicity if cyfluthrin varied inversely with pH. An increase in the pH of tap water by 2 units resulted in a 2-decrease in toxicity. Toxicity of cyfluthrin also varied between tap and lake water of the same pH. EC50 values in lake water were approximately 2-3 times lower than those in tap water. Toxicity in the lake water and tap water at every pH tested was also significantly different when regression line elevations were compared. Natural waters amended with cyfluthrin were consistently more toxi to the chironomids than tap water of the same pH. Persistence of cyfluthrin at low pH also influenced chironomid behavior. Recovery of normal behavior generally began within 24 h at pH 8.0 At pH 6.0, recovery did not begin until one week after dosing. The persistence of cyfluthrin also varied with pH. Averaged across all concentrations, 30% of the initial dose remained in tap water (pH 8.0) after 48 h, compared with 45% (pH 7.2), and 75 % (pH 6.6).

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6

Rethwisch, Michael D., Charles W. McDaniel, Mary Shaw, and James Theissen. "Effect of Insecticides on Sweetpotato Whitefly Numbers and Growth of Broccoli." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/214503.

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Eleven treatments were applied for sweetpotato whitefly B- biotype control. Best control (62.4%) was evidenced by the Ambush + Thiodan treatment, which had fewest nymph numbers 8 days post treatment and had larger plant sizes (46.3%) 14 days post treatment than the untreated check. Plants in plots receiving treatments including Thiodan and/or Lorsban were also at least 20% larger than the untreated check. Fewest number of adult whiteflies two days post treatments were noted in the Thiodan + M-Pede treatment. Certain treatments increased whitefly numbers.

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7

Hossain, Md Ismail. "Effect of impregnated nets on mortality and behaviour of mosquitoes." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340893.

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8

Carvalho, Sueli Martinez de. "Effect of sublethal concentrations of azadirachtin on the development of Spodoptera littoralis." Thesis, University of Reading, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336668.

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9

Dobson, C. M. "Insecticides from sprayers and the effect on beneficial arthropodes in winter wheat." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/37994.

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10

Emami, Bafrani Jaber. "Insulin-sparing effect of hydroxychloroquine in rats." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq22979.pdf.

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11

Modise, Keletso. "The effect of phytonanotherapy on diabetic rats." University of the Western Cape, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8319.

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>Magister Scientiae - MSc
Diabetes Mellitus is a major global health issue, affecting over 463 million adults in the world. Metformin is the standard drug administered to most people suffering fromdiabetes; however, this medication is contraindicated in many individuals, like most of the medicines developed to combat diabetes. Many diabetic patients turn to herbal medicines due to their renowned traditional use and fewer side effects.While the beneficial effects of phytotherapy are very evident, separation of nontoxic from toxic phytochemicals is still a challenge. Phytonanotherapy is a branch in nanotechnology that seeks to find the middle ground between the fast-acting mechanism of conventional drugs which also present with long lasting or severe toxic side effects, and the slowacting mechanism of phytotherapy which presents with less severe side effects. As such, the aim of this study was to pioneer the investigation of gold nanoparticles biosynthesized using the Carprobrotus edulis fruit aqueous extract (CeFe-AuNPs) as potential treatment for diabetes mellitus. Previously optimized conditions were used to synthesize CeFe-AuNPs which were concurrently characterized using UV-Vis, dynamic light scattering, High Resolution – Transmission Electron Microscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy techniques. The physichochemical stability of CeFe-AuNPs in phosphate buffer saline, 0.5 % bovine serum albumin, water and 10 % NaCl was also investigated. The effect of CeFe and CeFe-AuNPs on glucose uptake by yeast cells was investigated using 5, 10 and 25 mM glucose reactions. Acute toxicity of CeFe and CeFe- AuNPs was conducted in female Wistar rats (n = 20) and major organs were analyzed through the haematoxylin-eosin stain. The anti-diabetic effects of the CeFe (200 and 400 mg/kg) and CeFe- AuNPs (100 and 200 mg/kg) were investigated in male Wistar rats divided into seven group (n = 6). Histopathology of the pancreas, and the serum insulin were determined.

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12

Harrill, Joshua Austell Crofton Kevin Michael. "Effect of pyrethroid insecticides on gene expression in the mammalian central nervous system." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1783.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Sep. 16, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy in the Curriculum in Toxicology." Discipline: Toxicology; Department/School: Medicine.

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13

Estari, Rohit Kumar. "Effect of rutaecarpine on caffeine pharmacokinetics in rats." Scholarly Commons, 2015. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/276.

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Many people like to drink caffeinated beverages, such as coffee or tea, but are sensitive to effects of caffeine. Therefore, they either avoid drinking caffeinated beverages altogether, or they avoid drinking them close to bedtime to prevent caffeine from interfering with their sleep. Ruta Cleanse and Ruta Sleep are natural supplements containing rutaecarpine that are designed to speed up the removal of caffeine from the blood. The recommendation is to take two capsules (equivalent to 100 mg rutaecarpine), as needed, to reduce caffeine level. Customers have reported positive effects, when taken 30 minutes to 2 hours prior. However, there is no scientific data to show how soon Ruta Cleanse and Ruta Sleep need to be taken in order for it to work. Therefore, we tested in rats the effect of single dose after 3, 6, 12, 24 hour and 7 doses (once a day, for seven days) of oral 100 mg/kg rutaecarpine (in suspension) induction on caffeine pharmacokinetics upon 15 mg/kg intravenous bolus and 20 mg/kg oral caffeine doses. The MROD data showed that as early as 3 hours after oral rutaecarpine administration, CYP1A2 activity in the liver tissue is increased by almost 3-fold compared to control rats and highest activity (9-fold compared to control) is found in the liver of rats administered with daily oral dose of rutaecarpine, for seven days. A suspension form of 100 mg/kg orally administered rutaecarpine significantly decreases the oral systemic exposure and mean residence time of caffeine and its metabolites (paraxanthine, theophylline and theobromine), as early as 3 hours before oral caffeine administration. The oral caffeine bioavailability (F) decreases by about 50% for the 3, 6 and 12-hour, 70% for the 24 hour and 80% for the one week daily rutaecarpine treatment groups. Currently we do not know the mechanism by which rutaecarpine significantly decreases the F values of caffeine upon oral administration. The systemic exposure of caffeine and its metabolites are also decreased when caffeine is given intravenously, though the effect is less pronounced compared to when caffeine is given orally. Interestingly, rutaecarpine achieves this effect without achieving detectable plasma level (less than 10 ng/mL). However, since the target organ for rutaecarpine is the liver, rutaecarpine can still induce CYP1A2 enzyme in the liver (as indicated by MROD data), without having to get absorbed into blood circulation.

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14

Johnson, Frank Orlando. "Behavioral outcomes and molecular marker modulation during learning and memory formation following developmental exposure to organophoshorus insecticides." Diss., Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2007. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-03122009-143101.

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15

Michaels, Beth. "The effect of protein source on satiety in rats /." Available to subscribers only, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1203548351&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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16

Bai, Shuang. "Effect of immunosuppressive agents on drug metabolism in rats." Thesis, Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3008270.

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17

Cho, Hee-Kyung. "Effect of alcohol consumption on selenium bioavailability in rats /." The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487264603219777.

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18

RIETH, JOSEPH PAUL. "THE REPELLENT EFFECT OF PYRETHROID INSECTICIDES ON HONEY BEES (APIS MELLIFERA L, PERMETHRIN, CYPERMETHRIN, FENVALERATE)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/183969.

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A model for the repellent effect of pyrethroid insecticides on insects was developed. Experiments were conducted using a small colony of honey bees in a flight cage. Conditioning to scented feeders allowed the separation of foraging bees from a single colony into treatment and control groups. Permethrin, cypermethrin, fenvalerate and flucythrinate were shown to be contact repellents to honey bees; exposure was primarily to the tarsi and ventral abdomen. The threshold dose of permethrin required to induce repellency was ca. 3.8 ng/bee. Repellency was fully reversible within 24 hours. No permanent effects on either memory or foraging efficiency were observed following acute exposure.

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19

Chura, Lindsay R. "The effect of chronic and acute maternal stress on expression of placental barrier genes in the rat /." Connect to online version, 2006. http://ada.mtholyoke.edu/setr/websrc/pdfs/mhc/2006/143.pdf.

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20

Chan, Ying-leung. "Effect of topical green tea on subcutaneous adipocytes in rats." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2003. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31971519.

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21

Galaviz-Moreno, Samuel. "Effect of diet and age on energy metabolism in rats." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186838.

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Effects of age and diet on energy metabolism, body composition and lipogenic enzyme activities were determined. Sprague-Dawley rats (2, 9, 18 and 24 mo), housed in individual metabolic cages within an open-circuit indirect calorimeter, were fed three low-fat (starch, high-protein and sucrose) and three high-fat (corn oil, olive oil and animal fat) diets for 3 wk. Fatty acid synthase (FAS), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and ATP-citrate lyase (CTL) were assayed in adipose tissue and liver. Body compositions were determined by total body electrical conductivity (TOBEC). Energy retention was higher for 2-month-old animals in relation to other age groups; while the 18-and 24-month-old rats had negative energy retentions. High-fat diets induced higher fat utilization and high-carbohydrate diets induced higher carbohydrate utilization as reflected in RQ values. The 18-and 24-month-old animals utilized 80% more fat, while the 2- and 9-month-old animals utilized 30% more carbohydrates. Thus, older animals utilized higher amounts of fat for energy and younger animals utilized a higher proportion of carbohydrate. Lipogenic enzyme activities were highest in the 2-month-old rats for all enzymes measured and in both tissues, and were reflected in higher fat mass depositions. Rats fed either olive oil or animal fat had lower adipose tissue CTL activities, and feeding high-fat diets induced lower activities of adipose tissue MDH as compared with the other diets. Diet had no significant effect on either body weight or lean mass changes; except rats fed animal fat had the lowest total weight gain. These results indicate that aging reduces basal metabolic rate, as measured by gas-exchange indirect calorimetry, and shifts substrate utilization from carbohydrate to fat. Activities of adipose tissue CTL and MDH were lower in animals fed high-fat diets than in those fed low-fat diets. Fat accumulation, associated with development of obesity, was not observed in these short-term studies, either as a result of aging or of feeding high-fat diets.

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22

麥丹 and Dan Karen Mai. "Effect of green tea on diet-induced obesity in rats." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31970059.

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23

Chan, Ying-leung, and 陳英亮. "Effect of topical green tea on subcutaneous adipocytes in rats." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31971519.

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24

趙詠頤 and Wing-yee Chiu. "Effect of chronic green tea consumption on lipolysis in rats." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31970461.

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25

Lam, Shek-fung Kenneth, and 林錫峰. "The effect of muscimol on the spatial recognition of rats." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4854162X.

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Vestibular system (VN) is involved in the spatial recognition of animals. Animals with impaired VN were observed with poor spatial navigation abilities. The purpose of this thesis is to study the effect of muscimol on the spatial recognition of rats. It was found that the neonatal diffusion of muscimol to the VN significantly affected the spatial recognition of rats during dead reckoning test. In the light probe test, which distal visual cues were available, the treated rats spent significantly less time searching for the food pellet (student’s t-test: p<0.001). The return time was significantly higher in treated group than the sham control groupwhen they were tested in in the dark probe test (student’s t-test: p<0.001), which animals were limited to idiothetic cues. Similarly, the heading angles were significantly higher in all three different conditions, light/dark probe and new location tests (light: p<0.001; dark: p<0.001; new location: p<0.01). This finding suggests that neonatal diffusion of muscimol affects the development of vestibular nuclei and that thevestibular system is important for the processing of vestibular informationin spatial recognition.
published_or_final_version
Physiology
Master
Master of Medical Sciences

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26

Mai, Dan Karen. "Effect of green tea on diet-induced obesity in rats." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B23295090.

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27

Chiu, Wing-yee. "Effect of chronic green tea consumption on lipolysis in rats." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25139393.

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28

Russell, Jill M. "THE EFFECT OF STEROIDS ON NEUROENDOCRINE FUNCTION IN IMMATURE RATS." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1102016012.

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29

Louie, Victoria Yvonne. "Effect of thyroid status on plasma silicon levels of rats." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25921.

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The present study was undertaken to investigate the nature of the relationship between thyroid status and plasma silicon concentrations in bone maturation of rats from birth until the time of weaning. Virgin female Sprague-Dawley rats were bred overnight and then assigned to one of three groups: control, hypothyroid or hyperthyroid. Offsprings of dams were made hypothyroid or hyperthyroid relative to euthyroid controls during the neonatal period. Hypothyroid pups were given 0.05% (w/v) propylthiouracil in deionized water as the sole source of drinking fluid of the dams from day 12 of gestation until the young were sacrificed. Hyperthyroid pups received daily subcutaneous injection of L-thyroxine at a dose of 0.15-0.30 ug/g of body weight from postnatal day 2 until the day of sacrifice. All animals were allowed ad libitum access to standard Purina Rat Chow and to deionized water in polyethylene bottles. No attempt was made to control the dietary intake of silicon in these animals. All dams were weighed weekly throughout pregnancy and lactation or until the litter of young was sacrificed. Food consumption was recorded for control and hypothyroid dams during pregnancy. All offsprings of the dams were weighed daily until sacrificed. Six pups from the control group were each killed on postnatal days 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 20, 25 and 30. Twenty four pups each.from hypo- and hyperthyroid groups were killed on each of days 7, 14, 21, and 28. Blood samples of these pups were later analyzed for plasma silicon by furnace atomic absorption spectrometry and for thyroxine and triiodothyronine by radioimmunoassay. Six pups from the longest surviving litters in each group were x-rayed weekly for serial assessment of bone maturation by the method of Hughes and Tanner. The study found no differences among the three groups of dams in food intake during pregnancy or in total weight gain during pregnancy and lactation. There was a significant effect of treatment on body weight and bone maturation of hypo- and hyperthyroid pups as compared with control. Significantly reduced body weight was apparent in hypo- and hyperthyroid pups by days 2 and 10 respectively. Hypothyroid pups exhibited retarded bone development by day 14, while hyperthyroid pups showed advanced skeletal maturation by day 7. These were accompanied by correspondingly lower and higher levels of thyroid hormones respectively. Thyroid function appeared to influence the pattern of plasma silicon levels during the postnatal period. Plasma silicon of control pups averaged 0.668 ppm on day 6, which rose to a maximum of 0.970 ppm on day 12 and then declined to 0.247 ppm after weaning. Silicon levels in thyroid privia and excess were generally lower and altered in developmental patterns relative to levels found in euthyroid condition. Changes in plasma silicon concentration with age were significant in each group of pups. The highest values for plasma silicon were 0.404 and 0.365 ppm on days 7 and 14 for hypothyroid pups and 0.466 ppm on day 14 for hyperthyroid pups. Periods of maximal plasma values for silicon corresponded to periods of the highest increment in bone maturity scores in each group. However, the data of the present study did not permit statistical analysis of the relationship between plasma silicon, chronological age and bone age of rats during the neonatal period. It is concluded that under the experimental conditions employed in this study, plasma silicon level is not influenced by thyroid status or related to bone development in rats.
Land and Food Systems, Faculty of
Graduate

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30

Chen, Qixuan. "Anti-obesity effect of bitter melon (Momordica charantia)." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31048778.

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31

Heath, Susan M. "Interactions among Temperature, pH, and Cyfluthrin on Survival of the Fathead Minnow Pimephales promelas." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1991. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500866/.

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The 96-hr LC50 of cyfluthrin in Pimephales promelas ata temperature of 23*C and a pH of 8 was 1.08 g/L. The toxicity of cyfluthrin was inversely related to temperature and pH. A temperature of 10*C and a pH of 6 significantly decreased the 96-hr LC50 to 0.009 gg/L. Likewise, sublethal exposures to cyfluthrin significantly affected the fathead minnow's ability to tolerate high and low temperatures. Cyfluthrin compromised the fathead minnow's lower temperature tolerance (CTMin) by 60C and the upper temperature tolerance (CTMax) by 20C. Although cyfluthrin may not be present in the environment in large amounts due to its physical and chemical properties, small concentrations ( g/L) may adversely affect fish populations.

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32

Weraarchakul, Nataya Richardson Arlan. "Effect of age on DNA repair in tissues of male rats." Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 1990. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p9115230.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Illinois State University, 1990.
Title from title page screen, viewed November 30, 2005. Dissertation Committee: Arlan Richardson (chair), Herman E. Brockman, Alan Katz, Lynne A. Lucher, David Weber. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 120-131) and abstract. Also available in print.

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33

Cheng, Tak-him Terence. "Neuroprotective effect of green tea extracts." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/b40203517.

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34

Gamieldien, Kareemah. "The influence of maternal nicotine exposure on selected glycolytic and cytochrome P450 enzymes in developing neonatal rat lung." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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The structural and functional integrity of a developing and maturing fetal and neonatal lung is critically dependent on carbohydrate metabolism. The energy derived from carbohydrate metabolism is utilized during the processed of cell growth and development. It is reported that maternal nicotine exposure during pregnancy and lactation results in the irreversible inhibition of glycolysis, for which no mechanism is currently proposed and a significant increase in glucose turnover. The principal objective of this thesis was to determine the influence of maternal nicotine exposure during gestation and lactation on the isoenzyme patterns and transcript levels of the selected enzymes in developing neonatal rat lung, in an attempt to elucidate the mechanism of inhibition of glycolysis observed.

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35

Angers, Kathleen. "Effect of melatonin on food intake and macronutrient choice in rats." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=78238.

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The effect of melatonin, a hormone that triggers biological rhythms, was examined in relation to food intake and macronutrient selection. Wistar rats (n = 48) of both sexes were divided into 3 groups and offered a simultaneous choice of 2 diets: a carbohydrate-rich diet and a protein-rich diet, with a different type of carbohydrate and protein in each of the groups. Increased short- (4h post-injection) and long-term (12h post-injection) nocturnal total food intake was found following intraperitoneal administration of melatonin (10 000 and 15 000 pg/ml blood) at dark onset. Melatonin increased short-term carbohydrate-rich diet intake similarly across sensory contrasting diets (dextrin/cornstarch, cornstarch, and sucrose/cornstarch) and genders. However, melatonin caused an inconsistent increase in protein-rich diet intake across the various diets (casein, soy isolate, and egg protein) and genders. In conclusion, melatonin favors carbohydrate intake at the beginning of the activity period, and may act as a time indicator that provides a night signal.

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36

LeBlanc, Marisa. "Effect of sibutramine on macronutrient selection in male and female rats." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=79027.

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Sibutramine is a serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) which has been shown to be a safe and effective weight-loss drug. The purpose of this study was to examine whether sibutramine has an effect on macronutrient selection in both female and male rats in addition to total food intake. Wistar rats of both sexes were divided into three groups and each group was offered a different set of three diets, each set included a carbohydrate-rich diet, a protein-rich diet and a fat-rich diet. Sibutramine (10mg/kg) was shown to consistently decrease carbohydrate and fat intake at all data points regardless of gender and diets. The effect of sibutramine on protein intake was diet and gender-specific. All doses of sibutramine decreased total food intake regardless of gender and diet group beginning at 6-h post-administration. In conclusion, sibutramine affected macronutrient selection and emphasis on dietary recommendations should be considered during therapy.

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37

Vakani, Arvind Kenneth. "Effect of nitric oxide (NO) on orthodontic tooth movement in rats." [Gainesville, Fla.]: University of Florida, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0000811.

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38

Malis, Emma. "The Effect of Mechanical Stimuli on Healing Achilles Tendons in Rats." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-19329.

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Tendon healing is a slow process and the tendon may not regain its initial mechanical properties after rupture. Mechanical stimuli have shown to have positive effect on tendon healing. This study is the first to investigate the effect of vibration stimuli on healing tendons. Vibration was also compared to treadmill running, which has previously been used for mechanical stimuli.63 female Sprauge-Dawley rats were used. A 3 mm segment was removed from the Achilles tendon and the tendon was left to heal. The animals were subjected to 15 min of daily exercise, vibration or treadmill running or acted as controls without exercise. The study was divided into three experiments. Experiment 1; the animals had full time cage activity and was randomized into running, vibration and control group. Experiment 2; the animals were unloaded and randomized into vibration, running and control group. There was also a control group with full time cage activity in experiment 2. Experiment 3; the animals were unloaded and randomized into vibration and placebo group. 14 days after surgery the animals were killed and mechanical testing of the Achilles tendons was performed. The results showed no significant difference between the groups in experiment 1. Experiment 2 showed that controls with full time cage activity had higher peak load, stiffness and cross sectional area than unloaded running, vibration and control groups. In experiment 3, there was no significant difference between vibration and placebo group. In conclusion, this study shows that vibration, as applied here, does not affect tendon healing.

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39

Zhou, Xiaodong. "The effect of estrogen status on selenium metabolism in female rats." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1179976985.

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40

Ameho, Clement Kojo. "The effect of quercetin as an antioxidant in vivo in rats /." Thesis, Connect to Dissertations & Theses @ Tufts University, 2004.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Tufts University, 2004.
Adviser: Jeffrey Blumberg. Submitted to the School of Nutrition Science and Policy. Includes bibliographical references. Access restricted to members of the Tufts University community. Also available via the World Wide Web;

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41

Abou-Ismail, Usama A. M. "The effect of housing conditions on the welfare of laboratory rats." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.434739.

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42

Karanth, Subramanya. "Biochemical action of organophosphorus insecticides in the adult and young rats." Thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/2141.

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43

CHEN, PRI-YI, and 陳沛毅. "The Toxic Effect of Insecticides and Resistance of Eygpt Mosquito (Aedes aegypti) to Novel Insecticides." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6z8qjm.

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碩士
朝陽科技大學
環境工程與管理系
106
Aedes aegypti is one of the major mosquitoes for the dissemination of dengue fever. In this study, we use seven insecticides of different mechanisms to evaluate its efficacy against Aedes aegypti larvae of field and reference strains, to find resistance for old mechanic insecticides and novel insecticide in the future. We also compared the results of Aedes aegypti’s resistance this year with other past studies around the world, to find out the specific development of resistance of Aedes aegypti to commonly used insecticides around the world. The results showed Aedes aegypti generate high resistance to Bti of microbial pesticide in 2017, the resistance ratio (RR1)(based on LC50) and (RR2)(based on LC90) were 7.8 and 23.6, respectively, other previous agents such as Abamectin, Deltamethrin and Chlorpyrifos, their RR1 and RR2 values are from 0.9 to 5.4, respectively. The new mechanisms of insecticides such as Emamectin benzoate、Indoxacarb、Spinosad, their RR1 and RR2 are between 2.2 to 10.1, show that all insecticides ,except Emamectin benzoate and Indoxacarb can be used to prevent and control the Aedes aegypti. Over the years and in the 2017, the susceptibility of Aedes aegypti to f Chlorpyrifos of organophosphate does not induce any resistance, but Deltamethrin of pyrethrum does induce resistance and cause increase resistance to Bti. The new insecticide, Spinosad, shows its potential to prevent and control Aedes aegypti larvae in the field around the world.

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44

Van, Jaarsveld Jan Harm. "Die rol van dieldrin in waterbesoedeling met spesiale verwysing na die invloed daarvan op varswaterfauna." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9216.

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45

Schauber, Eric M. "Influence of vegetation structure and food habits on effects of guthion 2S�� (Azinphos-methyl) on small mammals." Thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/35201.

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The Quotient Method (QM), a laboratory-based risk assessment methodology used by the Environmental Protection Agency to evaluate pesticides for registration and use, has not been thoroughly field-tested and its performance has not always been reliable. My objective was to determine if variation in vegetation structure or diet of exposed animals could result in adverse ecological effects that were not predicted by the QM. In April and early May 1993, I established populations of herbivorous gray-tailed voles (Microtus canicaudus) and omnivorous deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) in 24 0.2-ha enclosures planted with alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Alfalfa in 12 enclosures was mowed on 22 June to reduce vegetation height. Small mammal populations were monitored by live trapping from May through August 1993. On 14 July, an organophosphorus insecticide, azinphos-methyl, was applied at 0, 0.88, and 3.61 kg/ha. Insecticide residues were measured on canopy-level spray cards, soil samples, and alfalfa. I compared the observed residue concentrations with predictions based on the nomogram used to estimate exposure for QM risk assessments. I also compared QM predictions of risk with observed effects on population size and growth, survival, reproductive activity, recruitment, body growth, movements, and diet of the small mammals. Much of the insecticide reached ground level in mowed enclosures, but dense alfalfa intercepted most of the spray in unmowed enclosures. The mean half-life of azinphos-methyl on alfalfa was 3.4 days and was not affected by mowing. Mean residue concentrations on mowed alfalfa and the top 15 cm of unmowed alfalfa were underestimated by the QM exposure nomogram. Therefore, pesticides may pose greater risk to organisms inhabiting sparse vegetation or the tops of plants than predicted by the QM. Treatment with azinphos-methyl at 3.61 kg/ha caused severe effects in both mowed and unmowed enclosures on population size and growth, survival, recruitment, and body growth of voles. Effects of azinphos-methyl on vole recruitment and body growth and on survival of female voles were greater in mowed than in unmowed enclosures. However, I did not find that population-level responses of voles to the chemical differed between mowing treatments. Most effects on voles were of short duration (<27 days) but vole densities in 3.61 kg/ha enclosures remained depressed >6 weeks after spraying. The 3.61 kg/ha application rate resulted in a 42% decrease in deer mouse densities in mowed enclosures during the week of spraying, but the insecticide had no adverse effects on deer mice in unmowed enclosures. In addition, the insecticide may have reduced recruitment of deer mice in mowed enclosures. Analysis of deer mouse feces indicated that consumption of arthropods increased in insecticide-treated enclosures just after spraying occurred. Survival, reproductive activity, body growth, and movements of deer mice were highly variable and not significantly affected by azinphos-methyl. Mowing resulted in greater residue concentrations than predicted and, consequently, the insecticide adversely affected voles and deer mice in mowed enclosures at application rates characterized as low risk by the QM. However, food aversion or selective feeding on alfalfa tops may have resulted in similar exposure of voles to the 3.61 kg/ha treatment in mowed and unmowed enclosures. I did not find that insectivorous feeding behavior of deer mice made them more susceptible than predicted. Although residue concentrations on alfalfa did not follow predictions, the gross pattern of effects on small mammals was consistent with QM risk characterization. However, the QM may underestimate exposure and risk when pesticides are sprayed on sparse vegetation.
Graduation date: 1995

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46

Chang, Ching-Shu, and 張靜淑. "The effect of red imported fire ant controlling insecticides on soil ecosystem." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74867503600479405486.

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博士
國立臺灣大學
農業化學研究所
99
The objects of the study were to examine the dissipation rate of three kinds of ingredient in the baits for prevention and cure of the Red Imported Fire Ant (RIFA, Solenopsis invicta）as well as the change in the soil bacterial community. Residues of chemicals were measured using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the changes in bacterial community were determined by comparing the 16S rDNA bands on patterns by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). The dissipation of three kinds of chemicals was affected by both the concentration applied and incubation temperature. Lower concentrations (1 mg Kg-1) and higher incubation temperatures (30 and 40ºC) showed more rapid dissipation rates. The population of microbial community decreased rapidly after incubation with 10 mg Kg-1 of pyriproxyfen for 91 days, indicating the toxicity of pyriproxyfen toward bacterial communities in a closed soil ecosystem. Lower concentrations of chemicals showed less toxicity toward the microbial community. From cluster analysis, the structure of the bacterial community showed roughly a 53% similarity throughout the experiment period in the control experiment, indicating the relative stability within soil microbiota without chemical agitation. However, the similarity was lower than 38% both in the one and 10 mg Kg-1 of insecticide pyriproxyfen spiked experiment, indicating the soil bacterial community changed after the insecticide pyriproxyfen was applied. The analysis of the 16S rDNA sequence from soil total DNA according to the BCBI database showed the superiority of bacteria were including Massilia albidiflava and some kinds of uncultured bacteria in 10 mg Kg-1 treatment. The effects of fipronil showed that the similarity of the bacterial community throughout the experiment period was 29% and 55% in 10 mg Kg-1 and 1 mg Kg-1of insecticide fipronil spiked experiment respectively. The analysis of the 16S rDNA sequence from soil total DNA according to the BCBI database showed the superiority of bacteria were including Acidobacteriacear bacterium Gsoil 1619, uncultured Acidobacterium sp., Methylobacterium sp.nac_9, Rubrivivax gelatinosus and Nevskia soli in 10 mg Kg-1 treatment. The effects of spinosad showed that the similarity of the bacterial community throughout the experiment period was 46% and 44% in 10 mg Kg-1 and 50 mg Kg-1of insecticide spinosad spiked experiment respectively. The analysis of the 16S rDNA sequence according to the BCBI database showed the superiority of bacteria were including Ramlibacter sp. BXN5-27, Acidobacteriacear bacterium Gsoil 1619, Bacterium Ellin5078, uncultured gamma proteobacterium and some kinds of uncultured bacteria in 10 mg Kg-1 treatment.

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47

Dogan, Elif Bar��in. "Development and reproduction of convergent lady beetle feeding on green peach aphid exposed to Btt." Thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/35166.

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48

Shen, Wan–Lin, and 沈婉琳. "The toxic effect of novel insecticides to mosquito (Aedes albopictus) and its resistance." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/71750124009737420018.

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碩士
朝陽科技大學
環境工程與管理系
102
Aedes albopictus is one of the major vectors that transmit dengue fever. This study tested the toxicity of eight insecticides against the larvae of susceptible and field strain of Aedes albopictus to monitor the occurrence of resistance to recommended insecticides in this mosquito species in Taiwan and to evaluate the potential use of novel insecticides to control it. The author also compared the results of this study with other past studies in Taiwan and around the world to find out the specific development of resistance of Aedes albopictus to commonly used insecticides around the world. In addition to this, we compared the control efficacy of and resistance to the same insecticides of Aedes albopictus and another key vector of dengue fever – Aedes aegypti, to find out the differences between these two mosquito species and among diffenent strains. The results showed Aedes albopictus is highly resistant to Deltamethrin in 2013, with the resistance ratios RR1 (based on LC50) and RR2 (based on LC90) as high as 23.7 and 23.1, respectively. And has a higher resistance to Chlorpyrifos, with RR1 and RR2 of 5.6 and 7.9, respectively. The RR1 and RR2 values of other recommended control agents such as Abamectin, and BTI ranged from 1.2 to 3.1. The RR1 and RR2 values of insecticides that with new action mechanisms, Emamectin benzoate, Indoxacarb, Fipronil, and Spinosad, ranged from 0.2 to 2.0. This indicates these insecticides have the potential to be applied to control Aedes albopictus. Over the years 2008-2013, Aedes albopictus has developed a high resistance level to Chlorpyrifos, an organophosphate, Deltamethrin, a pyrethrum, but remains susceptible to Abamectin, and Bacillus thuringiensis (BTI) with no resistnce induced. The efficacy of these insecticides is substantially the same for Aedes aegypt, only differs in Aedes aegypt has a higher resistance to Indoxacarb, with a RR1 and RR2 of 3.3 and 3.0, respectively.

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49

Wu, Wang-Tsung, and 吳旺宗. "The toxic effect and resistance of novel insecticides to Eygpt mosquito (Aedes aegypti)." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/17627912666724602282.

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碩士
朝陽科技大學
環境工程與管理系碩士班
102
Aedes aegypti is one of the major vectors that transmit dengue fever. This study tested the toxicity of eight insecticides against the larvae of susceptive and field strain of Aedes aegypti to monitor the occurrence of resistance to recommended insecticides in this mosquito species in Taiwan and to evaluate the potential use of novel insecticides to control it. The author also compared the results of this study with other past studies in Taiwan and around the world to find out the specific development of resistance of Aedes aegypti to commonly used insecticides around the world. In addition to this, we compared the control efficacy of and resistance to the same insecticides of Aedes aegypti and another key vector of dengue fever - Aedes albopictus, to find out the differences between these two mosquito species and among diffenent strains. The results showed Aedes aegypti is highly resistant to Deltamethrin in 2013, with the resistance ratios RR1 (based on LC50) and RR2 (based on LC90) as high as 36.8 and 46.2, respectively. The RR1 and RR2 values of other recommended control agents such as Abamectin, Chlorpyrifos, and BTI ranged from 1.9 to 3.7. The RR1 and RR2 values of insecticides that with new action mechanisms, Emamectin benzoate, Indoxacarb, Fipronil, and Spinosad, ranged from 0.7 to 3.3. This indicates these insecticides have the potential to be applied to control Aedes aegypti, except Indoxacarb that’s 3 times the resistance ratio . Over the years 2008-2013, Aedes aegypti has developed a high resistance level to Deltamethrin, a pyrethrum, but remains susceptible to Chlorpyrifos, an organophosphate, and Bacillus thuringiensis (BTI) with no resistnce induced. The new insecticide Spinosad shows highly valuable in the control of Aedes aegypti larvae around the world as it always gives low resistance ratio. The efficacy of these insecticides is substantially the same for Aedes albopictus, only differs in Aedes albopictus has a higher resistance to Chlorpyrifos, with a RR1 and RR2 of 5.6 and 7.9, respectively.

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50

Fu, Chung-Nan, and 傅正男. "Effect of Carbendazim on Cytochrome P450s in Rats." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/24962781166715390064.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
毒理學研究所
95
Carbendazim (methyl-2-benzimidazole carbamate) is a broad spectrum and systemic fungicide for the control of molds, rots, and blight. Carbendazim and related benzimidazoles show marked reproductive toxicity and endocrine-disrupting activity in rats. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) is the primary enzyme system in metabolism and is responsible for the metabolism of drugs, carcinogens, steroid hormones, and environmental pollutants. CYP genes are markedly responsive to the stimulatory and inhibitory effects of xenobiotics and provide a powerful tool to investigate gene-environment interaction. The major objective of the present study was to investigate the ability of carbendazim to modulate CYP-dependent monooxygenases and antioxidant enzymes in rat liver, kidney, lung, and testis. Treatment of male rats with 10, 50, and 100 mg/kg carbendazim intraperitoneally once daily for 4 days decreased testis spermatid density dose-dependently. In liver microsomes, the carbendazim treatment increased P450 content, NADPH-cytochrome c reductase, 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD), methoxyresorufin O-demethylase (MROD), pentoxyrsorufin O-dealkylase, and 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase (ECOD) activities. In kidney microsomes, carbendazim increased P450 content and EROD and ECOD activities. In lung microsomes, the treated increased EROD activity. In testis microsomes, the treatment increased NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activity. Carbendazim increased glutathione S-transferase (GST) and catalase activities in liver cytosol and GST and superoxide dismutase activities in testis cytosol. The fungicide decreased glutathione content in the kidneys and lipid peroxidation in the testes. Oral administration of 400 mg/kg carbendazim for 7 days increased MROD activity in liver microsomes. The results of immunoblot and RT-PCR analyses showed that carbendazim induced CYP1A1/2 and CYP2B proteins and mRNA in the liver and CYP1A1 protein and mRNA in kidneys and lungs. These present findings show that carbendazim is an inducer of CYP1A1/2 and CYP2B in rats. The significance of carbendazim induction of CYP in metabolic activation warrants further investigations.

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