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1
Sablina, S. A., and E. P. Tikhonova. "Postnatal development and some features of reproduction of the two species of rats (Rattus rattus Linnaeus, 1758 and Rattus tanezumi Temminck, 1844)." Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS 316, no. 1 (2012): 71–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2012.316.1.71.
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Laboratory rat colonies, belonging to two different chromosome types: Oceanian (2n = 38), Rattus rattus and Asian (2n = 42), Rattus tanezumi have been studied. Fifteen litters (93 pups) of R. rattus and 27 litters (131 pups) of R. tanezumi were weighed and measured every day. From the first through the 17th day weight, lengths of body, tail and foot were recorded, characteristic features of development of pups (time of separation of ears, divergence of fingers on the fore- and hind limbs, eruption of upper and lower incisors, opening of eyes) were noted, changes of coloration and forming of fur and behavioral patterns were fixed. Higher viability, larger sizes and higher rates of development of pups of R. rattus, and also essential differences in breeding (seasonality in R. rattus and year-round cycle in R. tanezumi) have been discovered. The differences in development of behavior and moving activity are slight.
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Lobo, Leonardo Taruk, Meiske Elisabeth Koraag, Junus Widjaja, Arum Sih Joharina, and Ayu Pradipta Pratiwi. "Leptospirosis pada Tikus di Kabupaten Minahasa, Provinsi Sulawesi Utara Tahun 2016." Jurnal Vektor Penyakit 14, no. 2 (2020): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.22435/vektorp.v14i2.3189.
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Abstract
 Leptospirosis is an endemic zoonotic disease and remains a health problem in Indonesia. The word’s third-heighest cases of leptospirosis. This study aimed to determine the type of mouse as an intermediate transmission of leptospirosis disease in Minahasa District, North Sulawesi. Trapping of rats was performed by using 100 mouse traps (live Trap) for two consecutive days across six ecosystems. Rats were identified by external morphological characteristics. Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) were conducted using rat kidney samples. The number of rats caught in the present study was 105 heads consisting of six species e.g Rattus tanezumi, Rattus exulans, Rattus hoffmanni, Bunomis coelestis, Bunomis fratorum, and Paruromys dominator. The proportion of rats identified as MAT-based leptospirosis reservoir was 0.9% while the PCR test was 1.9%. Rattus tanezumi identified as leptospirosis reservoirs were found were found in the NHDP (non forest near to sattlement) ecosystem. Rattus tanezumi trapped near the settlement was positive as leptospirosis reservoirs in the Minahasa District.
 Abstrak
 Leptospirosis merupakan penyakit zoonosis endemik dan masih menjadi masalah Kesehatan di Indonesia. Angka CFR penyakit ini dilaporkan sebesar 2,5 – 16,4% atau rata-rata 7,1% sehingga menempatkan Indonesia sebagai negara peringkat ketiga tertinggi di dunia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis tikus perantara penyakit leptospirosis di Kabupaten Minahasa Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Penangkapan tikus dilakukan dengan menggunakan 100 perangkap tikus (live trap) selama 2 hari berturut-turut di enam ekosistem. Tikus diidentifikasi dengan melihat karakteristik morfologi eksternalnya kemudian dilakukan pemeriksaan secara biomolekuler yaitu uji Microscopic Aglutination Test (MAT) dan Polimerase Chain Reaction (PCR) terhadap sampel ginjal tikus. Jumlah tikus yang tertangkap sebanyak 105 ekor yang terbagi menjadi enam spesies yaitu: Rattus tanezumi, Rattus Exulans, Rattus hoffmanni, Bunomis coelestis, Bunomis fratorum, dan Paruromys dominator. Proporsi tikus yang teridentifikasi sebagai reservoir leptospirosis berdasarkan uji MAT adalah 0,9% dan sebesar 1,9% berdasarkan uji PCR. Spesies Rattus tanezumi teridentifikasi sebagai reservoir leptospirosis dan ditemukan di ekosistem Non Hutan Dekat Pemukiman (NHDP). Beberapa Rattus tanezumi yang tertangkap di lokasi dekat pemukiman teridentifikasi positif sebagai reservoir leptospirosis di Kabupaten Minahasa.
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Chen, Yan-Ling, Xian-Guo Guo, Fan Ding, et al. "Infestation of Oriental House Rat (Rattus tanezumi) with Chigger Mites Varies along Environmental Gradients across Five Provincial Regions of Southwest China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 3 (2023): 2203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032203.
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Chigger mites are the exclusive vector of scrub typhus. Based on field investigations of 91 survey sites in 5 provincial regions of Southwest China, this paper reported variations of chigger infestation on the oriental house rat (Rattus tanezumi) along various environmental gradients. A total of 149 chigger species were identified from 2919 R. tanezumi in the 5 provincial regions, and Leptotrombidium deliense (a major vector of scrub typhus in China) was the first dominant chigger species, followed by Ascoschoengastia indica and Walchia ewingi. Rattus tanezumi had a stable overall prevalence (PM = 21.10%), mean abundance (MA = 7.01), and mean intensity (MI = 33.20) of chiggers with the same dominant mites in the whole Southwest China in comparison with a previous report in Yunnan Province, but chigger infestations on R. tanezumi varied along different environmental gradients. Rattus tanezumi in mountainous landscape had a higher infestation load of chiggers with higher species diversity than in flatland landscape. The infestation was higher at lower altitudes and latitudes. A high intensity of vegetation coverage was associated with high infestations. The results reflect the environmental heterogeneity of chiggers on the same host species. Warm climate and high relative humidity are beneficial to chigger infestation on R. tanezumi.
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Sholichah, Zumrotus, Bina Ikawati, Dewi Marbawati, Miftahuddin Majid Khoeri, and Dewi Puspita Ningsih. "Peran Tikus Got (Rattus norvegicus) dari kelompok tikus dan suncus sebagai Penular Utama Leptospirosis di Kota Semarang." Jurnal Vektor Penyakit 15, no. 1 (2021): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.22435/vektorp.v15i1.2607.
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ABSTRACT
 Semarang city is one of leptospirosis endemic area in Central Java Province and the disease is always found annualy with its mortality rate had tendency to increase. The Case Fatality Rate (CFR) in the period 2014-2018 increased from 18% to 25%. Rodents, especially rats are the most important reservoir and a maintenance host. A survey was conducted in Semarang city from March to November 2016. Rats was trapped twice and their kidneys were tested for Leptospira by using PCR. Kidneys containing leptospira were then examined by sequencing. Trap success in Jangli was 15,41% consisting of R. norvegicus, R. tanezumi and insectivora S. murinus. The success trap in Gajahmungkur was 35,89% including Bandicota indica, Rattus norvegicus, Rattus tanezumi and insectivora Suncus murinus. Positive Leptospira was found in Jangli Village (38,09%) and Gajahmungkur Village (56,25%) The positive leptospira were from B. indica, R. norvegicus and R. tanezumi. Result of the sequencing revealed that nine from 17 sample homolog with pathogenic leptospira. Among rat populations, especially norway rats are specific serovar maintenance host in the region and are proved to carry a pathogenic Leptospira bacteria.
 ABSTRAK
 Kota Semarang merupakan salah satu daerah endemis leptospirosis dan penyakit tersebut selalu ditemukan setiap tahun dengan angka kematian yang cenderung meningkat. Pada periode 2014–2018 angka kematian leptospirosis meningkat dari 18% menjadi 25%. Tikus merupakan reservoir paling penting dan merupakan maintenance host Leptospira. Survei dilakukan di Kota Semarang yakni di daerah Kelurahan Jangli dan Kelurahan Gajahmungkur pada bulan maret-november 2016. Penangkapan tikus dilakukan sebanyak 2 kali dan diambil sampel ginjal untuk pemeriksaan Leptospira dengan Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Ginjal dengan hasil PCR positif Leptospira dilanjutkan dengan tahapan sekuensing. Keberhasilan penangkapan tikus di Jangli 15,41% dengan spesies Rattus norvegicus, Rattus tanezumi dan Suncus murinus. Keberhasilan penangkapan tikus di Gajahmungkur 35,89% dengan spesies tikus Bandicota indica, Rattus norvegicus, Rattus tanezumi dan Suncus murinus. Positif Leptospira ditemukan di Kelurahan Jangli (38,09%) dan Kelurahan Gajahmungkur (56,25%). Hasil pemeriksaan PCR positif berasal dari spesies Bandicota indica, Rattus norvegicus dan Rattus tanezumi. Hasil sekuensing menunjukkan bahwa 9 dari 17 sampel mempunyai hubungan kekerabatan dengan Leptospira patogenik. Diantara populasi tikus, khususnya tikus got merupakan maintenance host serovar tertentu di wilayah tersebut dan terbukti membawa bakteri Leptospira patogenik.
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Ding, Fan, Wen-Li Jiang, Xian-Guo Guo, et al. "Infestation and Related Ecology of Chigger Mites on the Asian House Rat (Rattus tanezumi) in Yunnan Province, Southwest China." Korean Journal of Parasitology 59, no. 4 (2021): 377–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2021.59.4.377.
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This paper is to illustrate the infestation and related ecological characteristics of chigger mites on the Asian house rat (Rattus tanezumi). A total of 17,221 chigger mites were collected from 2,761 R. tanezumi rats, and then identified as 131 species and 19 genera in 2 families. Leptotrombidium deliense, the most powerful vector of scrub typhus in China, was the first major dominant species on R. tanezumi. All the dominant mite species were of an aggregated distribution among different individuals of R. tanezumi. The species composition and infestations of chiggers on R. tanezumi varied along different geographical regions, habitats and altitudes. The species-abundance distribution of the chigger mite community was successfully fitted and the theoretical curve equation was. Ŝ (R)=37e–(0.28R)2 The total chigger species on R. tanezumi were estimated to be 199 species or 234 species, and this further suggested that R. tanezumi has a great potential to harbor abundant species of chigger mites. The results of the species-plot relationship indicated that the chigger mite community on R. tanezumi in Yunnan was an uneven community with very high heterogeneity. Wide geographical regions with large host samples are recommended in the investigations of chigger mites.
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Ratnaningsih, Ratnaningsih, Retno Hestiningsih, and Dwi Sutiningsih. "Identifikasi Keberadaan Bakteri Leptospira di Daerah Endemis Leptospirosis (Studi di Dukuh Kalitengah Kecamatan Wedi Kabupaten Klaten)." Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Komunitas 8, no. 1 (2023): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jekk.v8i1.6902.
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Background: Several regions in Indonesia are classified as leptospirosis endemic including Klaten Regency, which ranked 2nd highest case of leptospirosis in Central Java in 2018. Leptospirosis in human was transmitted by animals infected by the Leptospira bacteria, which rat was the main reservoir. This study aimed to identify rat reservoir to the existence of Leptospira bacteria in endemic areas.Methods: This study was an observational survey with cross sectional approach. The sample was rats caught by traps installed for 6 days in Dukuh Kalitengah, Kalitengah Village, Wedi Subdistrict, Klaten Regency in July 2019. The rats were identified and dissected to take their kidneys for laboratory testing using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) test to identity the existence of Leptospira bacteria.Result: The result showed that there were 17 rats and 6 Suncus murinus caught in 6 days and their species were Mus musculus (23.5%), Rattus tanezumi (41.2%), Rattus norvegicus (35.3%). The results of PCR test found 2 positive samples of Leptospira bacteria in Rattus tanezumi. Rattus tanezumi's habitat was close with humans in settlement areas where it can be a source of Leptospira infection and can spread to humans and other environments.Conclusion : The people in Dukuh Kalitengah are recommended to maintain the hygiene of their environment and improve their house’s sanitation so it not become nest and breeding grounds and also reduce the existence of rats.
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Purbaningsih, Vita Catelya, and Arif Widyanto. "DESKRIPSI JUMLAH DAN SPESIES TIKUS DI DESA BANJARPANEPEN KECAMATAN SUMPIUH." Buletin Keslingmas 38, no. 4 (2019): 328–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31983/keslingmas.v38i4.5497.
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Asosiasi tikus dengan manusia seringkali bersifat parasitisme, tikus mendapatkan keuntungan sedangkan manusia sebaliknya. Tikus sering menimbulkan gangguan bagi manusia dalam berbagai hal. Di bidang kesehatan, tikus dapat menjadi sarana bagi beberapa patogen yang dapat menyababkan penyakit pada manusia dan hewan peliharaan. Penyakit yang ditularkan oleh tikus diantaranya adalah penyakit pes, salmonellosis, leptospirosis, scrub typhus, murine typhus, rat-bite fever. Tujuan dari penelitian ini antara lain mendeskripsikan kasus Leptospirosis di Desa Banjarpanepen, memasang perangkap tikus, menghitung jumlah tikus yang tertangkap, mengidentifikasi spesies tikus yang tertangkap. Metode penelitian yang digunakan observasional dengan analisis deskriptif. Data dikumpulkan secara langsung pada subyek penelitian. Analisis data di gunakan analisis tabel dan grafik yaitu dianalisis secara deskriptif.Hasil Trapping di Desa Banjarpanepen dengan Succes trap 16,5%. Spesies tikus yang berhasil ditangkap di wilayah RT 1 RW 4 adalah Rattus tanezumi 13 ekor (76,47%), Juvenile 4 ekor (0,24%). Jenis tikus yang berhasil ditangkap di wilayah RT 1 RW 8 adalah Rattus tanezumi sejumlah 10 ekor (62,5%), Juvenile (tikus muda) sejumlah 5 ekor (31,25%), Subadult (tikus remaja) sejumlah 1 ekor (6,25%). Simpulan dari penelitian ini diperoleh spesies tikus Rattus tanezumi. Tikus Rattus tanezumi merupakan tikus rumah dan tikus ini berperan penting dalam penularan beberapa penyakit seperti pes, dan leptospirosis. Disarankan untuk meningkatkan upaya pengendalian guna mencegah penyebaran habitat yang luas dan pemeriksaan bakteri Leptospira sp. pada tikus dan lingkungan serta hewan domestik dengan melibatkan dinas peternakan dan pertanian setempat sehingga dapat terdeteksi jalur penularan Leptospirosis di wilayah Desa Banjarpanepen.
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Zhang, Minyi, Qiushuang Li, Fei Wu, et al. "Epidemiology, Genetic Characterization, and Evolution of Hunnivirus Carried by Rattus norvegicus and Rattus tanezumi: The First Epidemiological Evidence from Southern China." Pathogens 10, no. 6 (2021): 661. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10060661.
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Hunnivirus is a novel member of the family Picornaviridae. A single species, Hunnivirus A, is currently described. However, there is limited information on the identification of Hunnivirus to date, and thereby the circulation of Hunnivirus is not fully understood. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence, genomic characteristics, and evolution of rat hunnivirus in southern China. A total of 404 fecal samples were subjected to detection of Hunnivirus from urban rats (Rattus norvegicus and Rattus tanezumi) using PCR assay based on specific primers targeted to partial 3D regions, with the prevalence of 17.8% in Rattus norvegicus and 15.6% in Rattus tanezumi. An almost full-length rat hunnivirus sequence (RatHuV/YY12/CHN) and the genome structure were acquired in the present study. Phylogenetic analysis of the P1 coding regions suggested the RatHuV/YY12/CHN sequence was found to be within the genotype of Hunnivirus A4. The negative selection was further identified based on analysis of non-synonymous to synonymous substitution rates. The present findings suggest that hunniviruses are common in urban rats. Further research is needed for increased surveillance and awareness of potential risks to human health.
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Mohd-Azami, Siti Nurul Izzah, Shih Keng Loong, Jing Jing Khoo, et al. "Molecular Surveillance for Vector-Borne Bacteria in Rodents and Tree Shrews of Peninsular Malaysia Oil Palm Plantations." Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 8, no. 2 (2023): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8020074.
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Many human clinical cases attributed to vector-borne pathogens are underreported in Malaysia, especially in rural localities where healthcare infrastructures are lacking. Here, 217 small mammals, consisting of rodents and tree shrews, were trapped in oil palm plantations in the Peninsular Malaysia states of Johor and Perak. Species identification was performed using morphological and DNA barcoding analyses, and 203 small mammals were included in the detection of selected vector-borne bacteria. The DNA extracted from the spleens was examined for Orientia tsutsugamushi, Borrelia spp., Bartonella spp. and Rickettsia spp. using established PCR assays. The small mammals collected in this study included Rattus tanezumi R3 mitotype (n = 113), Rattus argentiventer (n = 24), Rattus tiomanicus (n = 22), Rattus exulans (n = 17), Rattus tanezumi sensu stricto (n = 1) and Tupaia glis (n = 40). Orientia tsutsugamushi, Borrelia spp. and Bartonella phoceensis were detected in the small mammals with the respective detection rates of 12.3%, 5.9% and 4.9%. Rickettsia spp., however, was not detected. This study encountered the presence of both Lyme disease and relapsing fever-related borreliae in small mammals collected from the oil palm plantation study sites. All three microorganisms (Orientia tsutsugamushi, Borrelia spp. and Bartonella phoceensis) were detected in the R. tanezumi R3 mitotype, suggesting that the species is a competent host for multiple microorganisms. Further investigations are warranted to elucidate the relationships between the ectoparasites, the small mammals and the respective pathogens.
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Ramatla, Tsepo, Nthabiseng Mphuthi, Kutswa Gofaone, Moeti O. Taioe, Oriel M. M. Thekisoe, and Michelo Syakalima. "Identification of Rodent Species That Infest Poultry Houses in Mafikeng, North West Province, South Africa." International Journal of Zoology 2019 (April 18, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1280578.
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Rodents cause serious adverse effects on farm production due to destruction of food, contamination of feed, and circulation of diseases. The extent of damage or the diseases spread will depend on the type of rodents that invade the farm. This study was conducted in order to find out the species of rodents that infest poultry farms around Mafikeng, North West Province of South Africa. The study was part of a broader project that was investigating Salmonella vectors in the poultry farms around the province. The study trapped 154 rodents from selected farms and used the Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) and the Cytochrome b (Cyt-b) barcoding genes for species identification. Two rodent pest species, namely, Rattus rattus (the black rat) and Rattus tanezumi (the Asian Rat/Asian House Rat) were identified. A total of 99 (64.3%) were identified as Rattus rattus and 55 (35.7%) were Rattus tanezumi. Between the two target genes, Cyt-b gene was only able to identify 40 (25.97%) of the total samples while COI was more efficient and amplified all the samples and thus was a better target gene for this kind of identification. The two rat species identified are known vectors of serious diseases; thus their presence should be regarded as an indication of high risk for diseases. Despite having been detected in the country before, finding R. tanezumi as the second largest rat species in the area was unexpected since this species is known to be indigenous to Asia.
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Reginaldo, Aris, Karen Claude Soriano, Bernadette Iglesia, and Ceszie Vertudes. "Occurrence and Habitat Use of Non-native Small Mammals in Upland Urban-Forest Environment in Northern Philippines." Journal of Environmental Science and Management 24, no. 2 (2021): 62–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.47125/jesam/2021_2/07.
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In the Philippines, few researches have been conducted about small mammals in urban areas at high elevation, where forests remain and non-native pest species can proliferate. Previous studies in Baguio City, Benguet Province reported three non-native species. This study extended these prior surveys by sampling in 13 localities, employing standard trapping method to document the distribution of species in an urban-forest setting. In 4,711 trap nights, 94 individuals were captured, consisting of four non-native species: Rattus exulans, Rattus tanezumi, Mus musculus, and Suncus murinus. Analysis of occurrence and relative abundance of species showed that small mammal distribution varied among the habitats, and appeared that variation may have been related to differences in vegetation structure or a habitat’s disturbance level. Rattus tanezumi was the most widespread, being especially common in backyard farms and in the public market. Suncus murinus was also widespread but less abundant than R. tanezumi. Rattus exulans was uncommon and restricted to certain area of a given habitat, particularly preferring weed-dominated areas. These suggest that non-native species are common and widespread in urban-forest setting but with apparent habitat preferences. The non-detection of native species is notable, suggesting that thorough studies can be done in the future.
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Stuart, Alexander M., Grant R. Singleton, and Colin V. Prescott. "Population ecology of the Asian house rat (Rattus tanezumi) in complex lowland agroecosystems in the Philippines." Wildlife Research 42, no. 2 (2015): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr14195.
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Context Rattus tanezumi (the Asian house rat) is the principal rodent pest of rice and coconut crops in the Philippines. Little is known about the population and breeding ecology of R. tanezumi in complex agroecosystems; thus, current methods of rodent control may be inappropriate or poorly implemented. Aims To investigate the habitat use, population dynamics and breeding biology of R. tanezumi in complex lowland agroecosystems of the Sierra Madre Biodiversity Corridor, Luzon, and to develop ecologically based rodent management (EBRM) strategies that will target specific habitats at specific times to improve cost-efficiency and minimise non-target risks. Methods An 18-month trapping study was conducted in rice monoculture, rice adjacent to coconut, coconut groves, coconut-based agroforest and forest habitats. Trapped animals were measured, marked and assessed for breeding condition. Key results Five species of rodent were captured across all habitats with R. tanezumi the major pest species in both the rice and coconut crops. The stage of the rice crop was a major factor influencing the habitat use and breeding biology of R. tanezumi. In rice fields, R. tanezumi abundance was highest during the tillering to ripening stages of the rice crop and lowest during the seedling stage, whereas in coconut groves abundance was highest from the seedling to tillering stage of nearby rice crops. Peaks in breeding activity occurred from the booting stage of the rice crop until just after harvest, but >10% of females were in breeding condition at each month of the year. Conclusions In contrast with the practices applied by rice farmers in the study region, the most effective time for lethal management based on the breeding ecology of R. tanezumi is likely to be during the early stages of the rice crop, before the booting stage. Farmers generally apply control actions as individuals. We recommend coordinated community action. Continuous breeding throughout the year may necessitate two community campaigns per rice cropping season. To limit population growth, the most effective time to reduce nesting habitat is from the booting stage until harvest. Implications By adopting EBRM strategies, we expect a reduction in costs associated with rodent control, as well as improved yield and reduced risk to non-target species.
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Veciana, M., K. Chaisiri, O. Phuphisut, S. Morand, and A. Ribas. "New data on Malayometastrongylus diardinematus (Gibbons and Krishnasamy, 1986) (Metastrongyloidea: Angiostrongylidae) a lungworm occurring in Rattus tanezumi (Temminck, 1844) from South-East Asia." Helminthologia 51, no. 4 (2014): 331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11687-014-0249-0.
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AbstractA survey of rodents from Luang Prabang Province (Lao PDR) in February 2010 and May 2012 allowed examining lungs of 95 rodents belonging to 7 different genera (Bandicota, Berylmys, Cannomys, Leopoldamys, Maxomys, Mus, Rattus). The helminth Malayometastrongylus diardinematus (Nematoda: Metastrongyloidea) was identified in Rattus tanezumi living in close contact with humans, being the first report after its original description in R. tanezumi from Malaysia. A molecular study using mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) of M. diardinematus placed the genus Malayometastrongylus in a separate clade in comparison with Angiostrongylus cantonensis (subgenus Parastrongylus) and other representatives of the genus, both present in rodents of South East Asia.
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Sholichah, Zumrotus, Tri Wijayanti, Jarohman Raharjo, et al. "Spot Survei Reservoir Leptospira di Daerah Dataran Rendah dan Dataran Tinggi." Jurnal Litbang: Media Informasi Penelitian, Pengembangan dan IPTEK 16, no. 2 (2020): 129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33658/jl.v16i2.162.
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ENGLISHThe presence of rats and direct contact with rat is a risk factor of Leptospirosis. Rats play an important role in the transmission of Leptospira to humans. Rats are able to adapt in all habitats from the coast to the highlands. The purpose of this paper is to describe rats as Leptospira reservoirs in the lowlands and highlands as a picture of rats confirmed by the source of Leptospira transmission for animals, humans and their environment and serovar circulating in the lowlands and highlands. This research uses deskriptif approach with a cross-sectional design, carried out around the latest leptospirosis cases in Mojolawaran Village, Gabus District and Tajungsari Village, Tlogowungu District, Pati Regency. Data collection was carried out in April-May 2011. The Results of the research showed that the number of rats caught is higher in the lowlands with almost the same number of species between the lowlands and highlands with trap success 15,33%. Rats infected with Leptospira in the lowlands are Rattus tanezumi while in the highlands are Rattus tanezumi and Suncus murinus so that R. tanezumi and S. murinus act as reservoirs of Leptospira and sources of transmission at the survey sites with serovars infected are Hardjo, Autumnalis and Sejroe. INDONESIAKeberadaan tikus dan kontak dengan tikus merupakan salah satu faktor risiko terjadinya leptospirosis. Tikus berperan penting dalam menularkan Leptospira kepada manusia serta mampu beradaptasi di segala habitat dari daerah pantai hingga dataran tinggi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan tikus sebagai reservoir Leptospira di dataran rendah dan dataran tinggi sebagai gambaran jenis tikus yang terkonfirmasi sumber penularan Leptospira bagi hewan, manusia, dan lingkungannya serta serovar yang bersirkulasi di dataran rendah dan dataran tinggi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif dengan rancangan potong lintang. Penelitian dilakukan di sekitar kasus leptospirosis terbaru di Desa Mojolawaran Kecamatan Gabus dan Desa Tajungsari Kecamatan Tlogowungu Kabupaten Pati. Pengumpulan data dilakukan pada April-Mei 2011. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jumlah tikus tertangkap lebih banyak di dataran rendah dengan jumlah spesies yang hampir sama antara dataran rendah dan tinggi dengan keberhasilan penangkapan 15,33%. Spesies tikus yang terinfeksi Leptospira di dataran rendah adalah Rattus tanezumi, sedangkan di dataran tinggi adalah Rattus tanezumi dan Suncus murinus. R. tanezumi dan S. murinus berperan sebagai reservoir Leptospira dan sumber penularan di lokasi survei dengan serovar yang menginfeksi adalah Hardjo, Autumnalis dan Sejroe.
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Cahyaningrum, Winda Rahma, Dita Pratiwi Kusuma Wardani, Ristiyanto Ristiyanto, Muhammad Luthfi Almanfaluthi, and Farida Dwi Handayani. "Kepadatan dan Dominasi Pinjal pada Beberapa Jenis Tikus dan Habitat di Daerah Enzootik Pes di Kabupaten Pasuruan, Jawa Timur." Jurnal Sain Veteriner 42, no. 2 (2024): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jsv.95362.
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Fleas are hemophagous insects that spread the Yersinia pestis bacteria that causes bubonic plague through the bites of infected fleas. The purpose of this study was to determine the density, dominance, and infestation of larvae in several types of rodents and habitats in the Pes enzootic area. This research was conducted in May–June 2023 in Pasuruan Regency, East Java. The data analysis method used was descriptif. Samples of rat fleas were taken from rats captured in residential, garden, and forest habitats. The results showed that six species of small mammals were captured, namely, the Muridae family consisting of Niviventer fulvescens, Rattus exulans, Rattus tanezumi, and Rattus tiomanicus; the Erinaceidae family, namely Helomys suillus; and the Soricidae family, namely Suncus murinus, with the highest trap success in residential habitats by 10.9% and the highest density of rats in residential and garden habitats. The larval species obtained were Xenopsylla cheopis and Stivalius cognatus, with the highest flea infestation in the rat species Rattus exulans female (300%) and Rattus tanezumi female (64.2%).
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Retief, Liezl, Christian T. Chimimba, Marinda C. Oosthuizen, Asiashu Matshotshi, and Armanda D. S. Bastos. "Haemoplasma Prevalence and Diversity in Three Invasive Rattus Species from Gauteng Province, South Africa." Microorganisms 10, no. 8 (2022): 1632. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10081632.
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Invasive Rattus species are carriers of haemotropic Mycoplasmas (haemoplasmas) globally, but data from Africa are lacking. Using a PCR-sequencing approach, we assessed haemoplasma prevalence and diversity in kidney and buccal swabs collected from three invasive Rattus species (Rattus rattus, R. norvegicus and R. tanezumi) in Gauteng Province, South Africa. Whilst the overall sequence-confirmed haemoplasma prevalence was 38.4%, infection rates in R. rattus (58.3%) were significantly higher (χ2 = 12.96; df = 2; n = 99 p < 0.05) than for R. tanezumi (14.3%). Differences between host sex (χ2 = 3.59 × 10−31; df = 1; n = 99; p = 1.00) and age (χ2 = 4.28; df = 2; n = 99; p = 0.12) were not significant. Whilst buccal (1.01%) and ectoparasite positivity (2.13%) were low, these results suggest that multiple transmission routes are possible. Three phylogenetically distinct lineages, consistent with global rat-associated strains described to date, were detected, namely, ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma haemomuris subsp. Ratti’, and two Rattus-specific haemoplasmas that are yet to be formally described. These results expand the known distribution of invasive rat-associated haemoplasmas and highlight the potential for pathogen co-invasion of new territories together with invading rodent hosts.
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Fabre, Pierre-Henri, Roberto Portela Miguez, Mary Ellen Holden, et al. "A replacement name for the endemic Rattus (Muridae, Mammalia) of the island of Obi, Indonesia." Records of the Australian Museum 76, no. 2 (2024): 131–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.76.2024.1899.
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The name Rattus obiensis Fabre, Portela Miguez, Holden, Fitriana, Semiadi, Musser, & Helgen, was recently applied to a newly discovered species of Rattus known to date only from the Moluccan island of Obi in Indonesia. However, this name is preoccupied by Rattus rattus obiensis Sody, 1941, a name applied to a commensal rat and currently recognized as a synonym of Rattus tanezumi Temminck, 1844. A replacement name, Rattus ombirah Fabre et al., 2024. nom. nov., is here proposed for the endemic Rattus of Obi.
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Stuart, Alexander M., Colin V. Prescott, and Grant R. Singleton. "Natal nest locations of the Asian house rat (Rattus tanezumi) in lowland rice–coconut cropping systems: a coconut penthouse or rice bunds with water frontage?" Wildlife Research 39, no. 6 (2012): 496. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr11197.
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Context Rattus tanezumi is a serious crop pest within the island of Luzon, Philippines. In intensive flood-irrigated rice field ecosystems of Luzon, female R. tanezumi are known to primarily nest within the tillers of ripening rice fields and along the banks of irrigation canals. The nesting habits of R. tanezumi in complex rice–coconut cropping systems are unknown. Aims To identify the natal nest locations of R. tanezumi females in rice–coconut systems of the Sierra Madre Biodiversity Corridor (SMBC), Luzon, during the main breeding season to develop a management strategy that specifically targets their nesting habitat. Methods When rice was at the booting to ripening stage, cage-traps were placed in rice fields adjacent to coconut habitat. Thirty breeding adult R. tanezumi females were fitted with radio-collars and successfully tracked to their nest sites. Key results Most R. tanezumi nests (66.7%) were located in coconut groves, five nests (16.7%) were located in rice fields and five nests (16.7%) were located on the rice field edge. All nests were located above ground level and seven nests were located in coconut tree crowns. The median distance of nest sites to the nearest rice field was 22.5 m. Most nest site locations had good cover of ground vegetation and understorey vegetation, but low canopy cover. Only one nest location had an understorey vegetation height of less than 20 cm. Conclusions In the coastal lowland rice–coconut cropping systems of the SMBC, female R. tanezumi showed a preference for nesting in adjacent coconut groves. This is contrary to previous studies in intensive flood-irrigated rice ecosystems of Luzon, where the species nests mainly in the banks of irrigation canals. It is important to understand rodent breeding ecology in a specific ecosystem before implementing appropriate management strategies. Implications In lowland rice–coconut cropping systems, coconut groves adjacent to rice fields should be targeted for the management of R. tanezumi nest sites during the main breeding season as part of an integrated ecologically based approach to rodent pest management.
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Antolin, M. M., R. C. Joshi, L. S. Sebastian, L. V. Marquez, U. G. Duque, and C. J. Domingo. "Endo- and ectoparasites of the Philippine rice field rat, Rattus tanezumi Temminck, on PhilRice farms." International Rice Research Notes 31, no. 1 (2006): 26–27. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7005731.
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This article 'Endo- and ectoparasites of the Philippine rice field rat, Rattus tanezumi Temminck, on PhilRice farms' appeared in the International Rice Research Notes series, created by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) to expedite communication among scientists concerned with the development of improved technology for rice and rice-based systems. The series is a mechanism to help scientists keep each other informed of current rice research findings. The concise scientific notes are meant to encourage rice scientists to communicate with one another to obtain details on the research reported.
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Ning Setiati and Laily Fatmawati. "Distribution of rats and endoparasites zoonoses risk in Tandang village, Tembalang District, Semarang City." International Journal of Scientific Research Updates 5, no. 1 (2023): 152–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.53430/ijsru.2023.5.1.0025.
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Rats are rodents that coexist with humans because of the abundant easily available food sources, and aggravated due to the lack of public awareness with environmental hygiene. Apart from being troublesome, rats are also intermediaries for the cause of zoonoses. Initial observations, in Tandang village, there are densely populated areas, many rats of various types were found, including Rattus norvegicus, Rattus tanezumi and possibly other types that cause zoonoses. This study aims to examine the distribution of rats and their endoparasites in the Tandang village. The research method is analytical descriptive research. Traps were set at several points around dense settlements and markets. Data obtained by conducting random sampling. From the results of detaintment, 104 rats were obtained, consisting of 5 species namely Rattus norvegicus, Rattus tanezumi, Rattus exulans, Bandicota indica. Mus musculus. Endoparasites found in intestinal organs in the form of the tapeworm Hymenolephis sp., Trichuris trichiura worm eggs, Hymenolepis sp. The distribution of rats was found in dense residential areas, with 27 rats (22.21%) Rattus norvegicus, and 21 rats (20.19%) compared to their distribution in the market. The eggs of these parasitic worms are known to cause infection to humans through objects that encounterd with soil, sewage, etc. and are eventually swallowed. Symptoms experienced when infected include diarrhea, abdominal pain, constipation, and anorexia.
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Afianto, Rery, Retno Hestiningsih, Nissa Kusariana, and Dwi Sutiningsih. "SURVEY KEPADATAN TIKUS DI KELURAHAN TANDANG, KECAMATAN TEMBALANG, KOTA SEMARANG." Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat (Undip) 9, no. 2 (2021): 231–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jkm.v9i2.28841.
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INTISARI: Latar Belakang: Tikus merupakan hewan liar yang sering dikaitkan dengan kehidupan manusia dan merugikan di berbagai bidang, salah satunya adalah kesehatan. Di bidang kesehatan, tikus dapat menjadi reservoir beberapa patogen penyebab penyakit pada manusia, salah satunya adalah urine tikus yang dapat menyebabkan leptospirosis. Berdasarkan data Dinas Kesehatan Kota Semarang, populasi tikus tertinggi di Kecamatan Tembalang pada tahun 2019 terdapat di Desa Tandang dengan jumlah tertangkap 164 ekor. Selain itu, pada tahun 2018 terdapat 4 kasus Leptospirosis di Desa Tandang dan Leptospirosis merupakan penyakit infeksi tertinggi di Desa Tandang, Kecamatan Tembalang, Kota Semarang. Tujuan: Menghitung kepadatan populasi tikus hasil perangkap yang berhasil dilakukan dan mengidentifikasi spesies tikus yang ditangkap di Desa Tandang Kota Semarang. Metode: Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan metode cross sectional. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh mencit yang ditangkap di RW 03 Desa Tandang Kecamatan Tembalang Kota Semarang dengan menggunakan 100 perangkap hidup selama 2 hari berturut-turut. Hasil: Kepadatan relatif tikus (keberhasilan perangkap) di Desa Tandang adalah 28,1%. Jenis tikus yang paling banyak ditangkap di Desa Tandang adalah Rattus tanezumi yaitu 10 (55,6%) dan Rattus Norvegicus yaitu 8 (44,4%). Sepuluh tikus jantan (55,6%) ditangkap dari 8 tikus betina (44,4%). Kesimpulan: Keberhasilan perangkap di desa Tandang sebesar 28,1% atau termasuk dalam kategori padat. Kepadatan relatif tikus (keberhasilan perangkap) di desa Tandang adalah 28,1%. Jenis tikus yang paling banyak ditangkap di Desa Tandang adalah Rattus tanezumi yaitu 10 (55,6%) dan Rattus Norvegicus yaitu 8 (44,4%). Sepuluh tikus jantan (55,6%) ditangkap dari 8 tikus betina (44,4%). Kesimpulan: Keberhasilan perangkap di desa Tandang sebesar 28,1% atau termasuk dalam kategori padat. Kepadatan relatif tikus (keberhasilan perangkap) di desa Tandang adalah 28,1%. Jenis tikus yang paling banyak ditangkap di Desa Tandang adalah Rattus tanezumi yaitu 10 (55,6%) dan Rattus Norvegicus yaitu 8 (44,4%). Sepuluh tikus jantan (55,6%) ditangkap dari pada 8 tikus betina (44,4%). Kesimpulan: Keberhasilan perangkap di desa Tandang sebesar 28,1% atau termasuk dalam kategori padat.
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Hadi, I., Y. Zamroni, G. Tresnani, Y. M. Afrizal, and I. W. Suana. "Rat and Mice Species (Sub Family : Murinae) Diversity from East Lombok Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 913, no. 1 (2021): 012045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/913/1/012045.
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Abstract Field study on the murine biodiversity in Lombok Island in early 2020 has spent 581 traps-night efforts in five localities of East Lombok. They were Kembang Kuning, Aikmel, Wanasaba, and Kelayu Jorong. Fifty one individuals have been collected used live trap with dry-salty fish baits. Of those 51 individuals were collected, we successed to indentify five species of murines.They were Rattus argentiventer, R. rattus diardii, R. exulans, R. tanezumi, and Mus musculus castaneus, respectively. R. argentiventer and R Tanezumi were highly abundance and wide-spread species in East Lombok. Surprisingly, R. rattus diardii was only two individuals collected out 100 trap.nights efforts. Those two individuals of restricted to Kembang Kuning. Mus musculus castaneus was the only member of genus Mus collected in this study. This study would be drive our knowledge on the diversity of rat and mice in Lombok Island and their ecology. Furthermore, the prelimary results of this study will allow us for better understand on managing rat and mice population and their interaction with human being.
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Kurniawan, Yudhistiro Angga, Enny Suswati, and Mei Syafriadi. "Risk Factors for the Spread of Leptospira sp. in Rats Using Success Trap and iiPCR Methods in Probolinggo Harbor." Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan 23, no. 1 (2025): 182–90. https://doi.org/10.36568/gelinkes.v23i1.233.
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This study aimed to identify the distribution of rats and environmental risk factors associated with the spread of Leptospira sp. in Probolinggo Harbor using success trap and iiPCR methods. A total of 150 traps were deployed across 66 strategic locations around the harbor, capturing 19 rats, with a rat capture rate of 4.2%. Among the captured rats, 21.05% tested positive for Leptospira sp., with Rattus tanezumi constituting 75% of the infections and Rattus norvegicus accounting for the remaining 25%. Path analysis (SmartPLS 4.0) revealed significant associations between gutter conditions, vegetation, humidity, and signs of rat activity with the presence of Leptospira sp. Environmental factors such as gutter conditions, temperature, humidity, and vegetation were found to significantly influence the prevalence of Leptospira sp., with Rattus tanezumi identified as the primary vector, particularly in locations with open waste systems or abundant vegetation. These findings highlight the critical role of environmental factors in the transmission of leptospirosis, emphasizing the need for targeted environmental management strategies, including rodent control programs and improvements in sanitation, to mitigate risks in harbor areas.
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Herawati, Nur ‘Aini, and Sudarmaji. "Diversity of Rodent Species and Its Potency as the Vector for Transmitting Rodent Borne Parasitic Disease in Households." BIO Web of Conferences 33 (2021): 07004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213307004.
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Rodent species have been known as the major pest in the agricultural sector leading to economic losses. They are also identified as the vector for several rodent -borne zoonotic diseases. However, a specific study on observing their diversity in households closed to lowland irrigated agroecosystems that correspond to disease distribution’s role is limited. To address this issue, a field study was performed during the 2019 -2020 cropping season in two sites (Yogyakarta and West Java) which were categorized as the rice production centers. Trapping was conducted consecutively for 13-30 days using 65-75 snap traps. Roasted coconut and salty fish were used to attract rodents. In West Java, 3 rodent species ( Rattus argentiventer, Rattus tanezumi, Bandicota indica) and insectivore small mammal (Suncus murinus) were discovered from 1,950 trap nights. Meanwhile, the setting of 900 trap nights in Yogyakarta indicated less diverse rodents with only one species (Rattus tanezumi) and the same insectivore discovered. All captured animals were dissected and observed for the endoparasites. We obtained two potent species of parasites ( Taenia taeniaeformis and Capillaria hepatica), which can be transmitted by rodents to the local people if they do not apply a proper health practice.
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PUMHOM, P., D. POGNON, S. YANGTARA, et al. "Molecular prevalence of Trypanosoma spp. in wild rodents of Southeast Asia: influence of human settlement habitat." Epidemiology and Infection 142, no. 6 (2013): 1221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268813002161.
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SUMMARYThis study investigated the molecular prevalence of Trypanosoma lewisi and T. evansi in wild rodents from Cambodia, Lao PDR and Thailand. Between 2008 and 2012, rodents (and shrews) were trapped in nine locations and 616 of these were tested using three sets of primers: TRYP1 (amplifying ITS1 of ribosomal DNA of all trypanosomes), TBR (amplifying satellite genomic DNA of Trypanozoon parasites) and LEW1 (amplifying ITS1 of ribosomal DNA of T. lewisi). Based on the size of the PCR products using TRYP1, 17% were positive for T. lewisi and 1·0% positive for Trypanozoon. Results were confirmed by sequencing PCR products and by using more specific primers (LEW1 and TBR). The specificity of TRYP1 primers, however, failed as rodent DNA was amplified in some instances, giving unexpected product sizes. Using LEW1 primers, 13·3% of the samples were confirmed positive for T. lewisi, both by PCR and sequencing. In Thailand, T. lewisi was found in Rattus tanezumi, R. exulans and Berylmys; in Lao PDR, in R. tanezumi and R. exulans, and in Cambodia in R. tanezumi, R. exulans and R. norvegicus. Using TBR, 1·3% of the samples tested positive for Trypanozoon by PCR and sequencing; T. evansi is the only species of the Trypanozoon subgenus possibly present in wild Asian rodents. These results confirmed its presence in rodents from Thailand (R. tanezumi), Lao PDR (R. tanezumi, R. nitidus) and Cambodia (R. tanezumi, Niviventer fulvescens, Maxomys surifer). Based on the information related to rodent trapping, it was found that rodent species trapped in and around human dwellings had a higher prevalence of T. lewisi infection. R. tanezumi and R. exulans, two synanthropic species, were mainly found infected in this habitat suggesting a role as a reservoir and thus a potential source of T. lewisi for human infection.
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Prompiram, Phirom, Kanaporn Poltep, Sirikron Pamonsupornvichit, Wongsakorn Wongwadhunyoo, Tatiyanuch Chamsai, and Wuttikon Rodkvamtook. "Rickettsiae exposure related to habitats of the oriental house rat (Rattus tanezumi, Temminck, 1844) in Salaya suburb, Thailand." International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife 13 (December 31, 2020): 22–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2020.07.015.
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Prompiram, Phirom, Poltep, Kanaporn, Pamonsupornvichit, Sirikron, Wongwadhunyoo, Wongsakorn, Chamsai, Tatiyanuch, Rodkvamtook, Wuttikon (2020): Rickettsiae exposure related to habitats of the oriental house rat (Rattus tanezumi, Temminck, 1844) in Salaya suburb, Thailand. International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife 13: 22-26, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2020.07.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2020.07.015
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Dewi, Wahyu Mustika, Partaya Partaya, and Susanti Susanti. "PREVALENSI EKTOPARASIT PADA TIKUS SEBAGAI UPAYA PEMETAAN RISIKO ZOONOSIS DI KAWASAN ROB KOTA SEMARANG." JURNAL EKOLOGI KESEHATAN 18, no. 3 (2020): 171–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.22435/jek.v3i18.2133.
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ABSTRACT
 Rats are a reservoir of various zoonotic diseases that have the potential to spread disease in animals and humans through ectoparasites. The study was conducted in the coastal inundation area of Semarang City with different status of tidal flood hazards. Using the area sampling method, the number of traps used was 50 traps with 4 times repetitions. The number of rats obtained was 84, the species identified were B. indica, R. norvegicus, R. tanezumi, R. exulans, and S. murinus. Trap high categorical success in the Village Tugurejo was 15.5%, moderate category was in the Village Bangetayu Kulon (14%) and low category was in the District of Bandarharjo (12%). The number of ectoparasites obtained from three locations was 761, which were identified as Xenopsylla cheopis fleas, Laelaps echidninus mites and Hoplopleura pacific mites. The number of ectoparasites captured in Bangetayu Kulon Village 456 (high category), Bandarharjo Village 219 (medium category) and Tugurejo Village 86 (low category). Bandarharjo and Bangetayu Kulon Kelurahan have 100% prevalence of rat ectoparasites, whereas in Tugurejo Kelurahan, the prevalence of ectoparasites infestation in Bandicota indica was 50%, Rattus norvegicus was 80% and Rattus tanezumi was 72.2%.
 
 Keywords: Ectoparasites, coastal inundation, rats, zoonotic diseases
 
 ABSTRAK
 Tikus merupakan reservoir berbagai penyakit zoonotic yang berpotensi menyebarkan penyakit pada hewan dan manusia melalui ektoparasit. Penelitian dilaksanakan di kawasan rob Kota Semarang dengan status kerawanan banjir rob yang berbeda. Menggunakan metode area sampling, jumlah perangkap yang digunakan sebanyak 50 perangkap dengan 4x pengulangan. Jumlah tikus yang diperoleh sebanyak 84 ekor, spesies yang teridentifikasi yaitu B. indica, R. norvegicus, R. tanezumi, R. exulans, dan S. murinus. Trap sukses kategori tinggi di Kelurahan Tugurejo sebanyak 31 ekor (15,5%), trap sukses kategori sedang di Kelurahan Bangetayu Kulon sebanyak 28 ekor (14%) dan trap sukses kategori rendah di Kelurahan Bandarharjo sebanyak 25 ekor (12%). Jumlah ektoparasit yang diperoleh dari tiga lokasi sebanyak 761 ekor, yang teridentifikasi pinjal Xenopsylla cheopis, tungau Laelaps echidninus dan kutu Hoplopleura pasifica. Jumlah ektoparasit tikus yang tertangkap di Kelurahan Bangetayu Kulon 456 (kategori tinggi), Kelurahan Bandarharjo 219 (kategori sedang) dan Kelurahan Tugurejo 86 (kategori rendah). Kelurahan Bandarharjo dan Kelurahan Bangetayu Kulon prevalensi infestasi ektoparasit tikus 100%, sedangkan di Kelurahan Tugurejo prevalensi infestasi ektoparasit pada Bandicota indica 50%, Rattus norvegicus 80% dan Rattus tanezumi 72,2%.
 Kata kunci: Ektoparasit, kawasan rob, tikus, zoonosis
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Andru, J., J. F. Cosson, J. P. Caliman, and E. Benoit. "Coumatetralyl resistance of Rattus tanezumi infesting oil palm plantations in Indonesia." Ecotoxicology 22, no. 2 (2012): 377–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10646-012-1032-y.
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Mulyono, Arief, Muhammad Choirul Hidajat, Ristiyanto Ristiyanto, et al. "DETEKSI YERSINIA PESTIS DAN PATOGEN ZOONOTIK LAINNYA PADA TIKUS DI DAERAH FOKUS PES DESA KAYUKEBEK KABUPATEN PASURUAN." Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat 12, no. 2 (2024): 172–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jkm.v12i2.40602.
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Rats are known as carriers and transmissions of zoonotic diseases. About 60 types of zoonotic diseases that rats can transmit to humans. Some zoonotic diseases are Plague, Leptospirosis, Orthohantavirus infection, and Hepatitis E virus. This research aims to detect the bacteria Yersinia pestis, Leptospira, Hepatitis E virus, and Orthohantavirus in rats in Kayu Kebek Village, Pasuruan Regency. The research design used in this study is descriptive with a cross-sectional approach. The rats were captured for three days, two nights in the house, the neighborhood around the house, and the forest. The captured mice were identified as specimens of blood, spleen, kidneys, and liver. Detection of Yersinia pestis, Leptospira, and Hepatitis E is performed using PCR, while the detection of Orthohantavirus is performed using the ELISA method. A total of 45 mice were trapped, consisting of 2 genera and three species. The zoonotic pathogens detected were Leptospira and hepatitis E. Leptospira viruses were detected in Rattus tanezumi, Rattus tiomanicus, and Niviventer fluvescent. Hepatitis E virus is detected only in R. tanezumi. Transmission of leptospirosis and hepatitis E has the potential to occur in Kayu Kebek Village. Rat control is needed to prevent the transmission of leptospirosis and hepatitis E virus infection, and other zoonotic diseases transmitted by rats.
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Lunde, Darrin P., Nguyen Truong Son, and Guy G. Musser. "A survey of small mammals from Huu Lien Nature Reserve, Lang Son Province, Vietnam." Mammal Study 32, no. 4 (2007): 155–68. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13449234.
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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) A survey of the small mammals of Huu Lien Nature Reserve, Lang Son Province, Vietnam (21°40'52''N, 106°20'28''E) resulted in the capture of 187 specimens representing 21 species of bat, insectivore, and rodent: Suncus etruscus, Rhinolophus pearsonii, Rhinolophus pusillus, Rhinolophus stheno microglobosus, Aselliscus stoliczkanus, Hipposideros armiger, Hipposideros larvatus, Harpiocephalus harpia, Pipistrellus paterculus, Scotomanes ornatus, Callosciurus erythraeus, Dremomys rufigenis, Niviventer fulvescens, Niviventer langbianis, Tonkinomys daovantieni, Rattus andamanensis, Rattus losea, Rattus tanezumi, Mus caroli, Rhizomys pruinosus, and Atherurus macrourus. In addition Ratufa bicolor and Tamiops sp. are reported from observations. The recently described genus and species Tonkinomys daovantieni is currently known only from material collected during the present survey and is apparently endemic to karst habitats in northeastern Vietnam.
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Lunde, Darrin P., Nguyen Truong Son, and Guy G. Musser. "A survey of small mammals from Huu Lien Nature Reserve, Lang Son Province, Vietnam." Mammal Study 32, no. 4 (2007): 155–68. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13449234.
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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) A survey of the small mammals of Huu Lien Nature Reserve, Lang Son Province, Vietnam (21°40'52''N, 106°20'28''E) resulted in the capture of 187 specimens representing 21 species of bat, insectivore, and rodent: Suncus etruscus, Rhinolophus pearsonii, Rhinolophus pusillus, Rhinolophus stheno microglobosus, Aselliscus stoliczkanus, Hipposideros armiger, Hipposideros larvatus, Harpiocephalus harpia, Pipistrellus paterculus, Scotomanes ornatus, Callosciurus erythraeus, Dremomys rufigenis, Niviventer fulvescens, Niviventer langbianis, Tonkinomys daovantieni, Rattus andamanensis, Rattus losea, Rattus tanezumi, Mus caroli, Rhizomys pruinosus, and Atherurus macrourus. In addition Ratufa bicolor and Tamiops sp. are reported from observations. The recently described genus and species Tonkinomys daovantieni is currently known only from material collected during the present survey and is apparently endemic to karst habitats in northeastern Vietnam.
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Thinphovong, Chuanphot, Anamika Kritiyakan, Ronnakrit Chakngean, et al. "From Protected Habitat to Agricultural Land: Dogs and Small Mammals Link Habitats in Northern Thailand." Ecologies 4, no. 4 (2023): 671–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecologies4040044.
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Wildlife communities are positively affected by ecological restoration and reforestation. Understanding the dynamics of mammal communities along a gradient of a human-dominated habitat to a protected habitats, right up to a reforestation habitat, is crucial for assessing the effects of reforestation on conservation biology and disease ecology. We used data obtained from a set of camera traps and live traps implemented in the “Spillover Interface” project. A network analysis showed that the reforested area was central in the sharing of mammal species between human-dominated habitats, such as plantations, and the protected area. A network analysis also confirmed the centrality of the domestic dog and the rodent Rattus tanezumi (R. tanezumi) in shared habitats and the co-occurrence with other mammal species. This rodent species was previously mentioned as a bridge species between habitats favouring disease transmission. This study is a first step to identify potential reservoirs and habitat interfaces associated with the risk of zoonotic diseases and pathogen spillover.
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Cabanacan-Salibay, Cristina G. "Morphologic characterization of Sarcocystis spp. histologically detected from the diaphragm and tongue of Rattus norvegicus and Rattus tanezumi." Asian Journal of Agriculture and Biology 8, no. 3 (2020): 253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.35495/ajab.2019.07.324.
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Faisal, Ahmad, Martini Martini, Retno Hestiningsih, and M. Arie Wuryanto. "APLIKASI FUMIGAN GAS FOSFIN (HIDROGEN FOSFIDA (PH3)) UNTUK PENGENDALIAN TIKUS (RODENT)." Vektora : Jurnal Vektor dan Reservoir Penyakit 11, no. 2 (2019): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.22435/vk.v11i2.1911.
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Rats are widely distributed disease spreaders and settlement pests. Species of rats often found include Rattus norvegicus, R. tanezumi and Mus musculus. Phosphine as a fumigant is commonly used to control pests with no residue, especially related where there are placed the commercial products . The research objective was to determine effect of phosphine gas fumigant (hydrogen phosphide (PH3)) on rat death. The study sample was species of rats, i.e. M.musculus, R.tanezumi, and R.norvegicus. This study was used 4 dose variations (0, 4, 6 and 8 tablets) with 6 replications per unit treatment. Each treatment (dosis) needed 1 rat . The results of different test analyzed that significance value was 0.0001 (p=0.0001), indicating that there were differences in average time span of M. musculus, R. tanezumi and R. norvegicus death to treat of phosphine dose variations. Based on Probit analysis, the data showed that The fastest LT50 and LT99 were at a dose of 8 tablets for 90.5 and 114.9 minutes, and LT50 and LT99 were at the lowest dose of 4 tablets in 148.1 and 188.1 minutes, respectively. The higher dosage of phosphine was treated, the higher gas concentration was produced, so that it could kill M. musculus, R. tanezumi dan R. norvegicus quickly. The mortality might be generated by cell damages that occurred inside the body of rats.
 
 
 
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Plyusnina, A., I. N. Ibrahim, and A. Plyusnin. "A newly recognized hantavirus in the Asian house rat (Rattus tanezumi) in Indonesia." Journal of General Virology 90, no. 1 (2009): 205–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.006155-0.
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Yin, Peng-Wu, Xian-Guo Guo, Dao-Chao Jin, et al. "Distribution and Host Selection of Tropical Rat Mite, Ornithonyssus bacoti, in Yunnan Province of Southwest China." Animals 11, no. 1 (2021): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11010110.
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(1) Background: As a species of gamasid mite, the tropical rat mite (Ornithonyssus bacoti) is a common ectoparasite on rodents and some other small mammals. Besides stinging humans to cause dermatitis, O. bacoti can be a vector of rickettsia pox and a potential vector of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). (2) Objective: The present study was conducted to understand the host selection of O. bacoti on different animal hosts and the distribution in different environmental gradients in Yunnan Province of Southwest China. (3) Methods: The original data came from the investigations in 39 counties of Yunnan, between 1990 and 2015. The animal hosts, rodents and some other small mammals were mainly trapped with mouse traps. The O. bacoti mites on the body surface of animal hosts were collected and identified in a conventional way. The constituent ratio (Cr), prevalence (PM), mean abundance (MA) and mean intensity (MI) were used to reflect infestations of animal hosts with O. bacoti mites. The patchiness index and Taylor’s power law were used to measure the spatial distribution pattern of O. bacoti mites on their hosts. (4) Results: A total of 4121 tropical rat mites (O. bacoti) were identified from 15 species and 14,739 individuals of hosts, and 99.20% of them were found on rodents. More than half of O. bacoti mites (51.78%) were identified from the Asian house rat (Rattus tanezumi), and 40.09% of the mites from the Norway rat (R. norvegicus) (p < 0.05). The infestations of R. tanezumi (PM = 7.61%, MA = 0.40 and MI = 5.31) and R. norvegicus (PM = 10.98, MA = 1.14 and MI = 10.39) with O. bacoti mites were significantly higher than those of other host species (p < 0.05). The infestations of two dominant rat hosts (R. tanezumi and R. norvegicus) with O. bacoti mites varied in different environmental gradients (latitudes, longitudes, altitudes, landscapes and habitats) and on different sexes and ages of the hosts. The prevalence of juvenile R. norvegicus rats with O. bacoti mites (PM = 12.90%) was significantly higher than that of adult rats (PM = 9.62%) (p < 0.05). The prevalence (PM = 38.46%) and mean abundance (MA = 2.28 mites/host) of R. tanezumi rats with O. bacoti mites in the high latitude were higher than those in the low latitudes (p < 0.05). The majority of the total collected 4121 O. bacoti mites was found in the flatland landscape (91.28%) and indoor habitat (73.48%) (p < 0.05). The PM (10.66%) and MA (0.49 mites/host) of R. tanezumi rats with O. bacoti mites were significantly higher in the indoor habitat than in the outdoor habitat (p < 0.05). The tropical rat mites showed an aggregated distribution pattern on their first dominant host, R. tanezumi. Conclusion: The tropical rat mite (O. bacoti) is a widely distributed species of gamasid mite in Yunnan Province, Southwest China, and its dominant hosts are two synanthropic species of rats, R. tanezumi and R. norvegicus. It is mainly distributed in the flatland landscape and indoor habitat. It has some host-specificity, with a preference to rodents, especially R. tanezumi and R. norvegicus. The O. bacoti mites are of aggregated distribution on R. tanezumi rats.
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Yin, Peng-Wu, Xian-Guo Guo, Dao-Chao Jin, et al. "Distribution and Host Selection of Tropical Rat Mite, Ornithonyssus bacoti, in Yunnan Province of Southwest China." Animals 11, no. 1 (2021): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11010110.
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(1) Background: As a species of gamasid mite, the tropical rat mite (Ornithonyssus bacoti) is a common ectoparasite on rodents and some other small mammals. Besides stinging humans to cause dermatitis, O. bacoti can be a vector of rickettsia pox and a potential vector of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). (2) Objective: The present study was conducted to understand the host selection of O. bacoti on different animal hosts and the distribution in different environmental gradients in Yunnan Province of Southwest China. (3) Methods: The original data came from the investigations in 39 counties of Yunnan, between 1990 and 2015. The animal hosts, rodents and some other small mammals were mainly trapped with mouse traps. The O. bacoti mites on the body surface of animal hosts were collected and identified in a conventional way. The constituent ratio (Cr), prevalence (PM), mean abundance (MA) and mean intensity (MI) were used to reflect infestations of animal hosts with O. bacoti mites. The patchiness index and Taylor’s power law were used to measure the spatial distribution pattern of O. bacoti mites on their hosts. (4) Results: A total of 4121 tropical rat mites (O. bacoti) were identified from 15 species and 14,739 individuals of hosts, and 99.20% of them were found on rodents. More than half of O. bacoti mites (51.78%) were identified from the Asian house rat (Rattus tanezumi), and 40.09% of the mites from the Norway rat (R. norvegicus) (p < 0.05). The infestations of R. tanezumi (PM = 7.61%, MA = 0.40 and MI = 5.31) and R. norvegicus (PM = 10.98, MA = 1.14 and MI = 10.39) with O. bacoti mites were significantly higher than those of other host species (p < 0.05). The infestations of two dominant rat hosts (R. tanezumi and R. norvegicus) with O. bacoti mites varied in different environmental gradients (latitudes, longitudes, altitudes, landscapes and habitats) and on different sexes and ages of the hosts. The prevalence of juvenile R. norvegicus rats with O. bacoti mites (PM = 12.90%) was significantly higher than that of adult rats (PM = 9.62%) (p < 0.05). The prevalence (PM = 38.46%) and mean abundance (MA = 2.28 mites/host) of R. tanezumi rats with O. bacoti mites in the high latitude were higher than those in the low latitudes (p < 0.05). The majority of the total collected 4121 O. bacoti mites was found in the flatland landscape (91.28%) and indoor habitat (73.48%) (p < 0.05). The PM (10.66%) and MA (0.49 mites/host) of R. tanezumi rats with O. bacoti mites were significantly higher in the indoor habitat than in the outdoor habitat (p < 0.05). The tropical rat mites showed an aggregated distribution pattern on their first dominant host, R. tanezumi. Conclusion: The tropical rat mite (O. bacoti) is a widely distributed species of gamasid mite in Yunnan Province, Southwest China, and its dominant hosts are two synanthropic species of rats, R. tanezumi and R. norvegicus. It is mainly distributed in the flatland landscape and indoor habitat. It has some host-specificity, with a preference to rodents, especially R. tanezumi and R. norvegicus. The O. bacoti mites are of aggregated distribution on R. tanezumi rats.
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Sianturi, Livia Anastasia, Sunna Vyatra Hutagalung, Darmadi, and Siska Mayasari Lubis. "Identification of Mites in Wild Rats in Simpang Limun Traditional Wet Market Area, Medan - Indonesia." Journal of Endocrinology, Tropical Medicine, and Infectious Disease (JETROMI) 6, no. 2 (2024): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jetromi.v6i2.14918.
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Background: Among human diseases are infectious diseases transmitted by animals to humans, called zoonoses. Rats carry ectoparasites that act as biological vectors in the transmission of zoonoses. Mites are ectoparasites of rats that cause various zoonoses, namely murine typhus, rat mite dermatitis, and others. The study aims to identify species of wild rats in the study area based on their morphology and presentation of mite-infected rats and mite species in wild rats in Simpang Limun traditional wet market in Medan, Indonesia. Methods: This cross-sectional study used a purposive sampling technique. Primary data were collected in the Simpang Limun traditional wet market area of Medan, namely in the first area; M. Nawi Harahap Street, and the second area; Kemiri I Street. Every afternoon for four consecutive days, ten baited rat traps were deployed in each area. The captured rats were anesthetized, identified, and examined for mites by combing and then identified under a microscope. Results: From 65 total wild rat samples, the majority of species found was Rattus tanezumi 60 (92.3%), followed by Rattus norvegicus 5 (7.7%). The identified mite species were Laelaps echidninus (84.5%) and Laelaps nuttalli (15.5%). Conclusion: Nearly all of the wild rats found were of Rattus tanezumab species, and the most common mite species identified was Laelaps echinus in Medan's Simpang Limun traditional wet market area. This has a significant medical impact, resulting in increased potential for zoonosis transmission and indirectly to the surrounding residents in Medan's Simpang Limun traditional wet market area.
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Tanjung, Aldi Gusnizar Rizaldy, April Hari Wardhana, Aditya Yudhana, et al. "Ectoparasites of Wild Rats (Rattus spp.) in Banyuwangi: Prevalance, Diversity, and Potential Risks." Journal of Basic Medical Veterinary 14, no. 1 (2025): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.20473/jbmv.v14i1.71644.
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This study aimed to determine the prevalence of ectoparasite infestation and all types of ectoparasites that infest wild rats (Rattus spp.) from three villages in Banyuwangi Subdistrict, namely Lateng Village, Kampung Mandar Village, and Kepatihan Village. A total of 100 wild rats of the species Rattus norvegicus and Rattus tanezumi were collected from Lateng Village, Kampung Mandar Village, and Kepatihan Village. Samples were anaesthetised based on the standard operational procedure of ethical testing and combed to obtain ectoparasites that predilect on the surface of the rat body. Ectoparasites were identified using the whole mount method natively with 10% KOH fixation, dehydration, and clearing to see the morphology of the ectoparasites.The results showed that the prevalence of ectoparasite infestation was 94% from three villages in Banyuwangi Subdistrict, consisting of 94 fleas, 38 lice, and 1,392 mites. The results of ectoparasite identification obtained five genus namely Xenopsylla, Polyplax, Hoplopleura, Laelaps, Ornithonyssus. Further research is needed to determine the prevalence of infestation and diversity in wild rats (Rattus spp.) in Indonesia.
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Shan, Fa, Qingda Meng, Fang Wang, et al. "Wild sympatric rodents inhabiting pig farm environments may facilitate the spillover of Enterocytozoon bieneusi from pig farms." Parasite 31 (2024): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2024061.
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Enterocytozoon bieneusi is a zoonotic pathogen prevalent in mammalian and avian hosts across the globe. Wild small mammals, being abundant worldwide, serve as important sources of zoonotic disease transmission to humans. Here, 227 fecal samples were collected from five rodent and shrew species on 34 pig farms in China to investigate the prevalence and molecular characterization of E. bieneusi. The overall prevalence of E. bieneusi was 17.18% (39/227), with a distribution of 23.53% (32/136) in Rattus tanezumi, 8.62% (5/58) in Rattus norvegicus, and 8.00% (2/25) in Mus musculus. Eight E. bieneusi genotypes were identified, comprising four known genotypes: D (n = 8), EbpC (n = 8), PigEBITS7 (n = 9), and EbpA (n = 2), and four novel genotypes: CHPR1 (n = 7), CHPR2 (n = 1), CHPR3 (n = 2), and CHPR4 (n = 2). This study is the first to report E. bieneusi in rodents from pig farms in Henan, Shaanxi, and Shanxi Provinces in China. The host range of genotype EbpC was expanded with its first detection in M. musculus and R. tanezumi. All identified E. bieneusi genotypes belong to group 1, raising concerns about these sympatric rodents being reservoirs of zoonotic transmission. Moreover, the widespread distribution of genotype EbpC suggests potential cross-species transmission between sympatric rodents and domestic pigs. Our findings highlight the potential role of sympatric rodents in facilitating the spillover of E. bieneusi from pig farms, which could pose a potential public health threat.
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Blasdell, Kim, Frédéric Bordes, Kittipong Chaisiri, et al. "Progress on research on rodents and rodent-borne zoonoses in South-east Asia." Wildlife Research 42, no. 2 (2015): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr14201.
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This review aims to synthesise knowledge regarding the taxonomy of South-east Asian murine rodents and the challenges associated with the identification of habitat preferences and associated rodent-borne diseases. Recent studies concerning the Rattini tribe have identified unclear species boundaries that would benefit from further investigation. The development of barcoding may allow more accurate identification of rodents, specifically for complex species. However, knowledge on the distribution and habitat specialisations of many common murine rodents is still scarce, particularly regarding the specific habitat preferences of most synanthropic rodent species (Rattus tanezumi or Rattus exulans). Several studies have analysed the prevalence of major rodent-borne diseases in South-east Asia and it appears that the greatest risk of rodent zoonoses are in the lowland rain-fed and irrigated landscapes, generally in and around rice fields.
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Song, Sze-Looi, Hoi-Sen Yong, Phaik-Eem Lim, and Ji Tan. "Mitochondrial Genome of Rattus tiomanicus (Rodentia: Muridae) and Molecular Phylogeny of Murinae." Sains Malaysiana 50, no. 4 (2021): 953–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5004-07.
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Rattus tiomanicus is a murid rodent of considerable agricultural and public health importance in Southeast Asia. The whole mitochondrial genome of R. tiomanicus was sequenced by the Ion Torrent PGM platform. It had a total length of 16,309 bp, consisting of 13 protein-coding genes, two rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes and two non-coding regions (L-strand replication origin and control region). Only TAA and incomplete T-stop codons were represented in the protein-coding genes. Of the tRNAs, tryptophan (W) had ACU anticodon. The cloverleaf structure for serine S1 (AGN) tRNA lacked the entire D-arm, while in lysine (K) tRNA, the DHU arm lacked the D-loop. Molecular phylogeny based on 15 mt-genes indicated R. tiomanicus having closest genetic affinity to R. rattus complex (R. rattus, R. tanezumi). There were two major clades for the Murinae subfamily namely the Rattini tribe and the Apodemini, Murini and Hydromyini tribes. The whole mitogenome of R. tiomanicus will serve as a useful dataset for studying the systematics and phylogenetic relationships of the murid rodents.
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Liu, Yingying, Lisi Yao, Ying Ci, et al. "Genetic differentiation of geographic populations of Rattus tanezumi based on the mitochondrial Cytb gene." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (2021): e0248102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248102.
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Rattus tanezumiis a common domestic rat and host of the bubonic plague pathogen in China and Southeast Asia (SEA). The origin, genetic differentiation and dispersal ofR.tanezumihave received increasing attention from researchers. The population genetics ofR.tanezumibased on its mitochondrial cytochrome b gene have been studied to explain the origin, relationships and dispersal of populations. In this study, we captured a total of 229 rats; morphological and molecular biological identification cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) confirmed 131R.tanezumiindividuals collected from 6 provincial areas, and theirCytbgene sequences were analyzed. The results showed that the population in Mohan (MH), Yunnan, had the highest genetic diversity, while that in Ningde (ND), Fujian, had the lowest. Tajima’sDstatistic for all populations was negative and nonsignificant, indicating the possible expansion ofR.tanezumipopulations. Low gene flow occurred between the Zhangmu (ZM)R.tanezumipopulation and other populations, and the genetic differentiation among them was high. Furthermore, our analyses revealed the ZM lineage was the oldest lineage among the groups and diverged ~1.06 Mya, followed by the Luoyang (LY) lineages (~0.51 Mya) and Yunnan lineage (~0.33 Mya). In southeastern Yunnan, the Jinshuihe (JSH) and MH populations were more closely related to the populations in southeastern China (Fuzhou (FZ), ND, Quanzhou (QZ), Nanchang (NC)) and inland areas (Chongqing (CQ), LY) than to those in other areas of Yunnan (Jiegao (JG) and Qingshuihe (QSH)), indicating thatR.tanezumimay have spread from southeastern Yunnan to the interior of China. In summary,R.tanezumimay have originated in ZM and adjacent areas, spread to Yunnan, and then spread from the southeast of Yunnan inland or directly eastward from ZM to inland China.
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Feiler, Alfred, Tilo Nadler, and Clara Stefen. "Remarks to some small mammals of the Cuc Phuong and Phong Nha-Ke Bang." Vertebrate Zoology 58, no. 1 (2008): 113–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.58.e30915.
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On the basis of literature research, observations and dead finds some small mammals of the Cuc Phuong and Phong Nha-Ke Bang Natural Parks and the Ke Go Nature Reserve are considered in comparison. Expectedly some species are restricted to reserves in central Vietnam. Depending on the local conditions and the state of research the knowledge of small mammals is still limited. However, some regional differences in the distribution of species between the considered areas are indicated. Within the Insectivora Suncus etruscus has so far been documented from the Cuc Phuong National Park, and the Nature Reserves Na Hang and Hoang Lien, Crocidura kegoensis in the Nature Reserve Ke Go only. Two species of Rhinolophus (R. marshalli, R. pearsoni) were found in the Cuc Phuong National Park only. Myotis annamiticus is only known from the Quang Binh Province. 21 species of rodents are discussed and for most of them some body and skull measurements and some ecological observations are given. Synanthrope species are: Mus musculus, Rattus tanezumi, Rattus losea, Rattusnitidus und Rattus norvegicus. Arboricol are: Chiropodomys gliroides and Hapalomys delacouri, typical for primary and secondary woodlands are Rattus sikkimensis, Leopoldamys sabanus and Maxomys surifer, of which pictures are shown
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Feiler, Alfred, Tilo Nadler, and Clara Stefen. "Remarks to some small mammals of the Cuc Phuong and Phong Nha-Ke Bang." Vertebrate Zoology 58 (May 12, 2008): 113–25. https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.58.e30915.
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On the basis of literature research, observations and dead finds some small mammals of the Cuc Phuong and Phong Nha-Ke Bang Natural Parks and the Ke Go Nature Reserve are considered in comparison. Expectedly some species are restricted to reserves in central Vietnam. Depending on the local conditions and the state of research the knowledge of small mammals is still limited. However, some regional differences in the distribution of species between the considered areas are indicated. Within the Insectivora Suncus etruscus has so far been documented from the Cuc Phuong National Park, and the Nature Reserves Na Hang and Hoang Lien, Crocidura kegoensis in the Nature Reserve Ke Go only. Two species of Rhinolophus (R. marshalli, R. pearsoni) were found in the Cuc Phuong National Park only. Myotis annamiticus is only known from the Quang Binh Province. 21 species of rodents are discussed and for most of them some body and skull measurements and some ecological observations are given. Synanthrope species are: Mus musculus, Rattus tanezumi, Rattus losea, Rattusnitidus und Rattus norvegicus. Arboricol are: Chiropodomys gliroides and Hapalomys delacouri, typical for primary and secondary woodlands are Rattus sikkimensis, Leopoldamys sabanus and Maxomys surifer, of which pictures are shown
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Utama, Mas Adhi Hardian, Suhartono Suhartono, and Budiyono Budiyono. "Identification of Captured Rat Species and Detection of Leptospira Bacteria: Study at the Gapura Surya Nusantara Passenger Terminal, Tanjung Perak Port, Surabaya." Majalah Kesehatan Indonesia 4, no. 2 (2023): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.47679/makein.2023179.
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Leptospirosis is transmitted through water or food contaminated by the urine of infected animals, with rats as the potential main reservoir. This research aims to describe the species and gender and analyze the presence of Leptospira bacteria in rats at the Terminal Gapura Surya Nusantara (GSN) Port in Tanjung Perak, Surabaya. This study employed a descriptive cross-sectional design. Samples were captured using traps baited with salted fish. The captured rat kidneys were tested using Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) at the Vector and Disease Carrier Animal Laboratory Installation of the Center for Environmental Health and Disease Control Technology (BBTKLPP) in Surabaya. Data were analyzed using frequency distribution tables. The research results indicate Rattus norvegicus as the most dominant species, followed by Mus musculus and Rattus tanezumi. Out of a total of 19 captured rats, 89.5% were male, and 10.5% were female. RT-PCR testing for Leptospira bacteria in rat kidneys showed that only 3 rats (15.8%) tested positive, while 16 rats (84.2%) tested negative. Interestingly, rats identified as exposed to Leptospira bacteria were only found in the Rattus norvegicus species and were male. This highlights the potential role of species and gender in the spread of these bacteria. Increased surveillance and control measures are needed to address the issue of rats and the spread of Leptospira bacteria. The Rattus norvegicus species, particularly the males exposed to Leptospira bacteria, requires special attention. Abstrak: Leptospirosis ditularkan melalui air atau makanan terkontaminasi oleh urine hewan terinfeksi, dengan tikus sebagai potensi reservoir utama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan spesies dan jenis kelamin, serta menganalisis keberadaan bakteri Leptospira pada tikus di Terminal Gapura Surya Nusantara (GSN) Pelabuhan Tanjung Perak Surabaya. Penelitian ini adalah deskriptif cross-sectional. Sampel diambil dengan perangkap menggunakan umpan ikan asin. Ginjal tikus yang tertangkap diuji menggunakan metode Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) di Instalasi Laboratorium Vektor dan Binatang Pembawa Penyakit Balai Besar Teknik Kesehatan Lingkungan dan Pengendalian Penyakit (BBTKLPP) Surabaya. Data dianalisis menggunakan tabel distribusi frekuensi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Rattus norvegicus sebagai spesies paling dominan, diikuti oleh Mus musculus dan Rattus tanezumi. Dari total 19 tikus yang berhasil ditangkap, sebanyak 89,5% adalah jantan dan 10,5% betina. Hasil uji RT-PCR untuk bakteri Leptospira pada ginjal tikus menunjukkan hanya 3 tikus (15,8%) positif, sedangkan 16 tikus (84,2%) negatif. Menariknya, tikus yang teridentifikasi terpapar oleh bakteri Leptospira hanya ditemukan pada jenis Rattus norvegicus dan berjenis kelamin jantan. Hal ini menyoroti peran potensial spesies dan jenis kelamin dalam penyebaran bakteri tersebut. Peningkatan pengawasan dan pengendalian dibutuhkan untuk menanggulangi masalah tikus dan penyebaran bakteri Leptospira. Spesies Rattus norvegicus yang berjenis kelamin jantan, sebagai tikus yang terpapar bakteri Leptospira, memerlukan perhatian khusus.
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Manyullei, Syamsuar, Muhammad Fajaruddin Natsir, and Anderson Batkunda. "Identification of Rat Density and Ectoparasites in Seaport Area of Manokwari, Papua Province." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 8, E (2020): 204–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.4234.
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BACKGROUND: Manokwari port is a port that is the gateway (point of entry) in the area of Manokwari Regency, West Papua Province.
 AIM: The purpose of this research was to determine the density of rats, types of rats, success traps, the density of ectoparasites, and types of ectoparasites.
 METHODS: This is a descriptive observational research type to determine the picture of environmental sanitation such as the presence of waste, signs of the presence of rats, success traps, types of rats, and ectoparasites. The population was all rats and ectoparasites that were around the catch-location. Samples were mice and ectoparasites that were caught at research time.
 RESULTS: The results of the study for 4 days of trapping with a total of 200 traps, the calculation of success traps per day in the trap multi live trap A obtained values ranging from 0 to 0.13 and in multi live traps B with salted fish baits ranging from 0.02 to 0.08. The results showed several types of mice, namely, Rattus tanezumi (52.17%), Rattus norvegicus (43.47%), ad Soricidae (4.34%). A total of 13 male rats (56.52%) 10 female rats (43.47%) were successfully captured during the study. The results showed that from 23 rats caught, 23 ectoparasites of fleas Xenopsylla cheopis, one tick, seven small louse, and six mites.
 CONCLUSIONS: The rats most commonly found are R. tanezumi rats with male sex with ectoparasites which are found the most, namely, X. cheopis. Ectoparasites of this type are very dangerous for health, one of which can cause bubonic plague. Therefore, it recommended that the port authority can improve vector control in the port area.
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Wardhana, April, Frenky Putra, Aditya Yudhana, et al. "Detection of Trypanosoma lewisi from rodents residing in the densely populated residential regions along the coastal areas of Banyuwangi Sub District, Indonesia." Open Veterinary Journal 14, no. 8 (2024): 1808. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/ovj.2024.v14.i8.9.
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Background: Extensive attention has been devoted to studies of Trypanosoma lewisi in rodents ever since it became recognised as a zoonotic pathogen known as atypical human trypanosomiasis. Regrettably, although T. lewisi infections of small mammals remain significant public health concerns for humans, there is a lack of comprehensive study in Indonesia. Aim: The aim of the study was to detect T. lewisi from rodents residing in the densely populated residential regions along the coastal areas of Banyuwangi Sub District. Methods: A total of 169 rodents were captured across three villages of Kampung Mandar, Lateng and Kepatihan, using rat single live traps. After being euthanized and identified, the blood samples were collected from each rodent via cardiac puncture. Subsequently, the samples were subjected to native (direct blood microscopic examination), microscopic blood smear examination, and molecular analyses utilizing TRYP1S-TRYP1R (623 bp) and LEW1S-LEW1R (220 bp). Results: The results demonstrated that two species of rodents were successfully captured: Rattus norvegicus (65.68%) and Rattus tanezumi (34.32%). Based on the native and microscopic blood smear examinations, the prevalence of T. lewisi across three villages was 23.08% and 24.26% for molecular analysis employing both primers, respectively. The highest prevalence was found in Kampung Mandar Village (31.18%), followed by Kepatihan (16.67%) and Lateng Villages (15.71%). Conclusion: Statistical analysis revealed that T. lewisi was more prevalent in R. tanezumi compared to R. norvegicus. In terms of sex, no statistically significant distinction was observed between female and male infected rodents of either species (p>0.05), indicating both species can serve as a source of T. lewisi for humans in the surveyed villages.
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Kocher, Arthur, Marc Desquesnes, Sarawut Yangtara, Serge Morand, and Sathaporn Jittapalapong. "Is the Oriental House Rat (Rattus tanezumi) a Potential Reservoir for Trypanosoma evansi in Thailand?" Journal of Wildlife Diseases 51, no. 3 (2015): 719–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.7589/2014-06-155.
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Kim, Tae-Wook, Sang-Min Joo, Ah-Reum Oh, So-Jin Park, Sang-Hyun Han, and Hong-Shik Oh. "Morphological Characteristics and Habitat Types of Rattus norvegicus and R. tanezumi Collected in Jeju Island." Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology 27, no. 5 (2013): 550–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.13047/kjee.2013.27.5.550.
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