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Journal articles on the topic 'Raw earth materials'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 January 2025

Last updated: 19 July 2025

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1

Lalicata, Leonardo Maria, Agostino Walter Bruno, and Domenico Gallipoli. "Hygro-thermal coupling in earth building materials." E3S Web of Conferences 382 (2023): 23003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202338223003.

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Raw earth is emerging as a viable building material with lower carbon emissions than conventional concrete and fired bricks. Raw earth is as an excellent passive hygro-thermal regulator, which improves occupants’ comfort while reducing the need for active heating/cooling installations. The coupled hygro-thermal response of earth materials is investigated by exploiting the principles of the thermodynamics of porous media and unsaturated soil mechanics. The degree of coupling between temperature and relative humidity (or water content) depends on the adopted simplifying assumptions. Some of thes

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2

MEDEIROS, CARLOS AGUIAR DE, and NICHOLAS M. TREBAT. "Transforming natural resources into industrial advantage: the case of China’s rare earths industry." Brazilian Journal of Political Economy 37, no. 3 (2017): 504–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0101-31572017v37n03a03.

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ABSTRACT This paper analyzes the development of China’s rare earths industry, emphasizing the role of state technological initiatives in the country’s transition from rare earth exporter to large industrial consumer of these raw materials. Like other industrial powers before it, China takes advantage of low-cost domestic supplies of strategic raw materials to promote higher value-added manufacturing. We argue that, in the case of rare earths, this strategy has been largely successful, disrupting a classic international division of labor that existed prior to 2000, in which China exported most

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Ewing, Rodney C., and Alexandra Navrotsky. "Earth Materials." MRS Bulletin 17, no. 5 (1992): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400041233.

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This issue of the MRS Bulletin is devoted to Earth materials — a subject so broad and with such a long history, stretching back to man's first use of materials, that we can offer only a small sample of topics, only a partial review. As our ancestors fashioned the first crude tools from stone, they must have distinguished among materials on the basis of their physical properties. They classified materials by color and density and very early must have wanted more than Nature had provided. They began to synthesize and fashion their own materials. Today's nanoscale engineering of materials is part

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4

Giada, Giuffrida, Rosa Caponetto, and Francesco Nocera. "Hygrothermal Properties of Raw Earth Materials: A Literature Review." Sustainability 11, no. 19 (2019): 5342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11195342.

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Raw earth historic and contemporary architectures are renowned for their good environmental properties of recyclability and low embodied energy along the production process. Earth massive walls are universally known to be able to regulate indoor thermal and hygroscopic conditions containing energy consumptions, creating comfortable interior spaces with a low carbon footprint. Therefore, earth buildings are de facto green buildings. As a result of this, some earthen technologies have been rediscovered and implemented to be adapted to the contemporary building production sector. Nevertheless, th

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Leal Filho, Walter Leal, Richard Kotter, Pinar Gökçin Özuyar, Ismaila Rimi Abubakar, João Henrique Paulino Pires Eustachio, and Newton R. Matandirotya. "Understanding Rare Earth Elements as Critical Raw Materials." Sustainability 15, no. 3 (2023): 1919. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15031919.

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The boom in technological advances in recent decades has led to increased demand for rare earth elements (REEs) (also known as rare earth metals) across various industries with wide-ranging industrial applications, including in the clean energy sector, but with some environmental, economic, and social footprint concerns. This paper reviews the complexities of the production, consumption, and reuse or recovery of REEs, presenting current trends in terms of potentials and challenges associated with this. This paper in particular focuses on the supply, demand, and (environmental and economic) sus

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H. Khalid, Ameer, and Thanoon A. Thanoon. "Study of Silica Occurrence in the Raw Materials of HammamAl- Alil Cement Plant." Iraqi National Journal of Earth Sciences 10, no. 1 (2010): 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33899/earth.2010.5556.

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7

Kamprowski, Rafał. "The raw materials policy of the European Union for rare earth elements." Rocznik Integracji Europejskiej, no. 16 (February 22, 2023): 243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/rie.2022.16.14.

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This article deals with one of the dimensions of the European Union’s raw materials policy, including rare earth elements (REE). The core and overarching goal of the raw materials policy implemented by a given entity is to ensure security in terms of raw materials. Taking into account the current geopolitical situation and the ongoing war in Ukraine, the main part of discussion regarding raw materials security focuses on issues related to the supply of energy sources, including gas or coal. Rare earth elements, however, remain on the side-lines of these considerations. Rare earth elements are

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8

Wang, Yun. "Study on Modification of Rammed Earth Material in Mountain Areas." Advanced Materials Research 261-263 (May 2011): 1178–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.261-263.1178.

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In order to explore the proper modified materials of the raw-soil building in mountain area, the raw-soil modified materials now being used commonly are analyzed effectively at first, and the natural reborn starch resource is thought which has a promising application prospect. In the end, experiments on compressive properties and shear properties of raw-soil material modified by quicklime, slaked lime and starch with different incorporation rates are carried out, and the tests show starch is applicable to modify raw-soil in mountain area.

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9

Fabbri, Antonin, Jean-Claude Morel, and Domenico Gallipoli. "Assessing the performance of earth building materials: a review of recent developments." RILEM Technical Letters 3 (December 22, 2018): 46–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21809/rilemtechlett.2018.71.

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After being almost abandoned at the end of the Second World War, the use of raw earth is currently regaining the interest of architects, engineers and policy makers for the construction of dwellings in industrialised countries. This renaissance is driven by growing ecological awareness and the promotion of construction techniques that minimize energy consumption and carbon emissions. Raw earth displays very interesting thermo-hygro-mechanical properties, which can contribute to the reduction of the environmental impact of buildings not only during construction but also during service life. Nev

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Lu, Bai-ru, Kun Zhang, and Zhan Qu. "Research on Compressive Tests of Iron Tailing and Cement-Modified Earth Materials from Northwest China." Advances in Civil Engineering 2023 (October 21, 2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/6661545.

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The strength of earth-modified materials is an important mechanical indicator of raw soil building materials. Iron tailings are a rich mineral waste resource with basic properties similar to river sand and can be used as a modified material for raw soil construction. To increase the utilization rate of iron tailings and improve the mechanical properties of earth materials, modification of earth materials were analyzed using iron tailings and cement. Through a single lattice theory design method, 10 different blending ratios of modified earth specimens were designed, with each group comprising

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11

Zhang, Yi, Xiaoling Li, Jun Zhu, Danhong Zhou, Ying Li, and Chengcheng Liu. "Design, synthesis, and thermal stability of rare earth luminescent materials." Thermal Science 28, no. 2 Part B (2024): 1405–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci2402405z.

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As a new generation of luminescent materials, aluminate rare earth materials have the characteristics of long luminescent time, adjustable wavelength and high brightness. Aluminate rare earth luminescent materials were prepared by high temperature solid-state method, and the luminescent properties of the luminescent materials were studied. Firstly, the author synthesized magnesium aluminate, calcium aluminates, and zinc aluminate matrix by combustion method. Then aluminate rare earth luminescent materials were prepared by high temperature solid phase method through raw material distribution, r

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12

Tourtelot, Julia, Ann Bourgès, and Emmanuel Keita. "Influence of Biopolymers on the Mechanical Behavior of Earth-Based Building Materials." Recent Progress in Materials 03, no. 03 (2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21926/rpm.2103031.

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Currently, the largest among the earth excavation sites in Europe are located in the Paris region. The soils excavated from these sites are often considered waste and are not valorized. With an increasing focus on sustainable development, the demand for low-carbon building materials is rising. Although construction using raw earth is a vernacular technique, the diversity in the behavior of the raw earth building materials warrants better control of their mechanical properties. The construction techniques differ depending on the location of the site, the composition of the earth, and the stabil

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Yeskalina, K. T., S. S. Konyratbekova, S. B. Yulussov, and A. T. Khabiyev. "Prospects for the processing of spent automotive catalysts with the extraction of precious, rare and rare-earth metals in Kazakhstan." Engineering Journal of Satbayev University 147, no. 2 (2025): 10–16. https://doi.org/10.51301/ejsu.2025.i2.02.

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Used automotive catalysts are a valuable source of rare and precious metals, which plays a key role in modern industry. These raw materials contain rare rare earths and precious metals, which makes their processing highly efficient and economically profitable. To develop a comprehensive processing technology, catalysts were studied using various analysis methods, such as chemical, X-ray, X-ray spectral, and electron microscopic analysis. The results of the phase analysis indicate that rare rare earths and noble metals are in various phase states, in the form of oxides embedded in the aluminosi

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14

Zhang, Kun, Bai-Ru Lu, Yi-Hong Wang, Zhan Qu, and Le Qu. "Study on the Modification Formula of Earth Material Compound with Cement and Gravel by Single Lattice Theory." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (December 19, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8136570.

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Gravel and cement can effectively improve the low strength of traditional Earth materials. There have been few studies on test methods for raw soil-based composite admixtures. By introducing the theory of single lattice formula testing, the compressive strength of 10 formulas and 60 modified raw soil cubic specimens were tested. The failure process, failure mode, and compressive strength of specimens were studied. The effects of different formulations of raw soil on strength, peak displacement, and dispersion were analyzed. The results showed that cement content had a significant effect on the

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15

Rhodes, Christopher J. "Endangered elements, critical raw materials and conflict minerals." Science Progress 102, no. 4 (2019): 304–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0036850419884873.

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Amid present concerns over a potential scarcity of critical elements and raw materials that are essential for modern technology, including those for low-carbon energy production, a survey of the present situation, and how it may unfold both in the immediate and the longer term, appears warranted. For elements such as indium, current recycling rates are woefully low, and although a far more effective recycling programme is necessary for most materials, it is likely that a full-scale inauguration of a global renewable energy system will require substitution of many scarcer elements by more Earth

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16

Kengaliev, B. K., T. YU Surkova, S. B. Yulusov, E. A. Pirmatov, and A. P. Dulenin. "Rare-Earth Concentrate Production From Technogenic Mineral Formations." KnE Materials Science 2, no. 2 (2017): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kms.v2i2.963.

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<p>Based on the analysis technology of processing of uranium-containing raw materials, identified potential sources of rare earth elements from among the industrial products and waste: uranium sorption tails, sulfuric acid solutions of heap leaching of uranium, man-made mineral formations from phosphate processing of uranium ores. Based on the analysis technology of processing of uranium-containing raw materials, identified potential sources of rare earth elements from among the industrial products and waste: uranium sorption tails, sulfuric acid solutions of heap leaching of uranium, ma

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17

Balassa, Csilla, Csilla Pataky, Csaba Tátrai, et al. "Critical Raw Materials Hungary Data Collection: Rare earth elements indications in Hungary." Bányászati és Kohászati Lapok 158, no. 1 (2025): 27–37. https://doi.org/10.63457/bkl.158.2025.1.3.

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The Natural Resources Research and Utilization (TEKH) Special College of the Faculty of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of Miskolc set a goal in 2023 to pay special attention to critical raw materials (CRM). In addition to presenting the individual raw material types, it is also important to describe the Hungarian CRM anomalies. This article is dedicated to presenting the various rare earth elements (REE) indications, regardless of the type of geological formation containing the anomaly. Our starting point was the CriticEl project running in the 2010s, but where po

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18

Spiridigliozzi, Luca, Claudio Ferone, Raffaele Cioffi, Mauro Bortolotti, and Gianfranco Dell’Agli. "New Insights in the Hydrothermal Synthesis of Rare-Earth Carbonates." Materials 12, no. 13 (2019): 2062. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12132062.

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The rare-earth carbonates represent a class of materials with great research interest owing to their intrinsic properties and because they can be used as template materials for the formation of other rare earth phases, particularly of rare-earth oxides. However, most of the literature is focused on the synthesis and characterization of hydroxycarbonates. Conversely, in the present study we have synthesized both rare-earth carbonates—with the chemical formula RE2(CO3)3·2-3H2O, in which RE represents a generic rare-earth element, and a tengerite-type structure with a peculiar morphology—and rare

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19

Sabbà, Maria Francesca, Mariateresa Tesoro, Cecilia Falcicchio, and Dora Foti. "Rammed Earth with Straw Fibers and Earth Mortar: Mix Design and Mechanical Characteristics Determination." Fibers 9, no. 5 (2021): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib9050030.

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Raw earth is one of the oldest building materials, which is suitable for various uses: from the construction of load-bearing walls to use for plasters and finishes. The presence of straw fibers can give different behavior to this material. The present paper illustrates preliminary sensory and qualitative analyses, and subsequent laboratory tests that allow the characterization of the raw earth material with straw fibers for rammed earth constructions through mechanized compaction and the identification of a compatible earth mortar. The raw material considered in this study is mainly clayey; fo

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20

Youcef, Abimouloud, Bali Youcef, and Kriker Abdelouahed. "Comparative Study on the Impact of Sand and Lime on the Physical and Mechanical Characteristics of Unfired and Fired Earth Bricks." International Journal of Membrane Science and Technology 10, no. 3 (2023): 1156–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15379/ijmst.v10i3.1698.

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Earth bricks represent one of the most important and widely used building materials in current era, due to its unique physical and mechanical properties compared to other materials. Earth bricks are available in two main types: raw earth bricks and fired bricks. The physical and mechanical properties differ for each type, which affects their performance in various applications and their long-term durability. Several studies have been conducted to improve the properties of raw and fired bricks and address their weaknesses. In this research, we aim to investigate the effects of adding dune sand

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21

Niroumand, Hamed, M. F. M. Zain, and Maslina Jamil. "Modern Rammed Earth in Earth Architecture." Advanced Materials Research 457-458 (January 2012): 399–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.457-458.399.

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Rammed earth is a technique for building walls using the raw materials of earth, chalk, lime and gravel. Rammed earth is a structural wall system built of natural mineral soils compacted in thin layers within sturdy formwork. People have been using various forms of earth to build structures for centuries. The ancient „rammed earth‟ building technique has been used in Neolithic architecture sites and modern buildings alike. From underground green homes to other futuristic green houses. Modern architecture is a new architectural style that emerged in many countries in the decade after World War

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22

Yoshimura, Masahiro, Wojciech L. Suchanek, and Kullaiah Byrappa. "Soft Solution Processing: A Strategy for One-Step Processing of Advanced Inorganic Materials." MRS Bulletin 25, no. 9 (2000): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2000.175.

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The term “materials cycle” is generally used to describe the synthesis of substances from raw materials (sometimes including the synthesis of manufactured raw materials), the fabrication of shaped materials, their use, and their eventual disposal. It is well known that all materials are extracted from the earth, then are converted to functional products through various fabrication processes, usually involving a high expenditure of energy, which in turn contributes to environmental problems such as global warming.

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23

Gjoka, Margariti, Georgios Sempros, Stefanos Giaremis, Joseph Kioseoglou, and Charalampos Sarafidis. "On Structural and Magnetic Properties of Substituted SmCo5 Materials." Materials 16, no. 2 (2023): 547. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16020547.

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SmCo5 is a well-established material in the permanent magnet industry, a sector which constantly gains market share due to increasing demand but also suffers from criticality of some raw materials. In this work we study the possibility of replacement of Sm with other, more abundant rare earth atoms like Ce-La. These raw materials are usually called “free” rare-earth minerals, appearing as a by-product during mining and processing of other raw materials. Samples with nominal stoichiometry Sm1−xMMxCo5 (x = 0.1–1.0) were prepared in bulk form with conventional metallurgy techniques and their basi

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Galán-Arboledas, R. J., and Salvador Bueno. "Production of Ceramic Materials Using only Waste as Raw Materials." Key Engineering Materials 663 (September 2015): 62–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.663.62.

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From a selection of inorganic industrial waste (screen glass, steelworks ashes, coal power plant ashes, biomass power plant ash and sludge from cutting marble industry) and a waste with organic fraction (diatomaceous earth from oil filtration) it is expected to obtain ceramic materials with properties similar to those of ceramic materials used in construction and porous materials with thermal insulating capability. The ternary phase equilibrium diagram SiO2-Al2O3-CaO has been used as the main tool for the formulation of these materials. The dynamic sintering study was carried out using dilatom

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Medkov, Mikhail, Galina Krysenko, Dantiy Epov, Pavel Sitnik, and Valentin Avramenko. "Complex processing of titanium-rare metal raw material." E3S Web of Conferences 56 (2018): 03019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20185603019.

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The paper is devoted to investigation of the complex processing of titanium-rare metal raw materials with ammonium hydrodifluoride. It is stated that fluorination of the main components of the mineral raw materials with ammonium hydrodifluoride proceeds with formation of complex ammonium fluorometallates and simple fluorides. It is showed that in the process of aqueous leaching of the fluorinated mineral raw material niobium and tantalum completely pass into solution together with titanium, iron, and silicon fluoroammonium salts while all the rare-earth elements stay in the insoluble residue a

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KR, Dudhat. "A Potential Source of Anti-Cancer Drugs: Marine Raw Materials." International Journal of Pharmacognosy & Chinese Medicine 7, no. 2 (2023): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/ipcm-16000260.

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Marine populations serve as a repository for novel bioactive metabolites with a wide range of chemical configurations. The influence of marine species is highlighted in this review, with a focus on marine plants, algae, bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, sponges, and soft corals. Disease ailment patterns are shifting, and new diseases are arising as a result of changing settings. The massive increase in the world’s population has put a strain on the available drug resources. As a result, drug companies are constantly on the search for fresh resources to help them develop effective and safe drugs

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27

Huang, Xinyang, Liang Xiong, and Xiaoqing Qiu. "Low-temperature route to prepare rare earth fluorides in a molten NH4NO3 system: a systematic study on the effects of NaF/Ln ratio and the reaction temperature and time." CrystEngComm 21, no. 1 (2019): 182–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ce01642a.

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A low-temperature strategy has been applied to synthesize a host of rare earth fluorides including NaLnF<sub>4</sub> and LnF<sub>3</sub> (Ln = rare earth) with NaF and rare earth nitrates as initial raw materials in NH<sub>4</sub>NO<sub>3</sub> flux.

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Mahnoor, Maham, Rabia Chandio, Anum Inam, and Inam Ul Ahad. "Critical and Strategic Raw Materials for Energy Storage Devices." Batteries 11, no. 4 (2025): 163. https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries11040163.

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The performance and scalability of energy storage systems play a key role in the transition toward intermittent renewable energy systems and the achievement of decarbonization targets through means of resilient electrical grids. Despite significant research and technology advancements, the scalability of innovative energy storage systems remains challenging due to the scarcity of raw materials (used for the production of energy storage media, cathodes, anodes, separators, conductive agents, and electrolytes). The European Commission has identified certain raw materials as both economically imp

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Giuffrida, Giada, Rosa Caponetto, Francesco Nocera, and Massimo Cuomo. "Prototyping of a Novel Rammed Earth Technology." Sustainability 13, no. 21 (2021): 11948. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132111948.

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Buildings of the future are called to meet increasingly high-performance requirements and to ensure adequate environmental sustainability of the production and construction chain. This issue has stimulated a keen interest in the use of natural materials in construction. Among these, raw earth has proved to be particularly interesting for its intrinsic availability, sustainability, and recyclability. In Europe, the spread of raw earth building technologies has often been hindered by the lack of specific legislation regulating its use for load-bearing structures, even if in many countries, it ca

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Kuhn, Britta. "Kritische Rohstoffe: Wie die EU ihre China-Abhängigkeit senken will." Wirtschaftsdienst 104, no. 7 (2024): 490–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/wd-2024-0126.

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Abstract By 2030, the EU wants to extract, process and recycle domestically at least 10%, 40% and 25% respectively of the strategic raw materials it consumes. No more than 65% of these rare resources should stem from a single third country. The CRM Act’s benchmarks are primarily to be achieved via financially supported strategic projects. In addition, the EU signed raw materials partnerships with nine countries to date. However, the self-reliance targets for raw materials such as rare earth metals seem unrealistic for technical and environmental reasons. Instead, the EU should enter into more

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Barantseva, S. E., Yu A. Klimosh, N. N. Gundilovich, A. I. Pazniak, A. A. Tolkachikova, and L. N. Taran. "Prospects for the use of diabases of the crystal base of Belarus to obtain silicate materials." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Chemical Series 56, no. 1 (2020): 114–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1561-8331-2020-56-1-114-124.

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The paper presents the study results of diabases of rare-earth and beryllium-containing deposit of the Republicof Belarusin order to determine their suitability for the production of silicate materials and products for various purposes. The data obtained allowed developing raw compositions and optimizing the technological parameters to produce glass, mineral fibers, glass ceramics, stone casting, ceramic bricks and tiles, as well as porous aggregates. The regularities of structure and phase formation during high-temperature treatment of raw compositions of silicate materials using diabases are

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BURLUTSKYY, Mykola, and Stanislav LYTVYNIUK. "GERMANIUM AS AN ELEMENT OF CRITICAL RAW MATERIALS. COAL DEPOSITS OF TRANSCARPATTIA – A SOURCE OF GERMANY IN UKRAINE." Visnyk of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Geology, no. 4 (107) (2024): 89–94. https://doi.org/10.17721/1728-2713.107.11.

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The concept of critical raw materials as it is interpreted in the USA, the European Union and other countries is defined. The main stages of the formation of the regulatory framework and the requirements of the USA and the EU regarding critical raw materials are provided. The chronology of changes in the amount of minerals, which are a component of critical mineral raw materials, is considered. Ukraine is a country with a powerful mineral and raw material base, the riches of its subsoil are determined by the peculiarities of the geological structure of its territory. At the same time, our coun

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Nwamgbowo, Paschal, Ezekiel Nnadi, Val Hyginus Udoka Eze, and Nathan Kibwami. "Quantification of Earth Material for Sustainable Road Works in Southeast Nigeria." Journal of Engineering, Technology, and Applied Science (JETAS) 5, no. 3 (2023): 99–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.36079/lamintang.jetas-0503.597.

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This paper examines the use of earth materials in sustainable road construction in South East, Nigeria. The study aims to determine factors associated with the use of earth materials, identify limiting factors, and examine strategies to improve their use. The study population comprised 60 engineers and craftsmen using local materials. The results show limitations in the use of earth materials in sustainable road works. The study recommends contracting firms to develop better storage facilities for earth materials to prevent damage and wastage. It also suggests incorporating earth materials int

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Chen, Yuxin, Yujuan Chen, Dandan Lu, and Yunren Qiu. "Synthesis of a Novel Water-Soluble Polymer Complexant Phosphorylated Chitosan for Rare Earth Complexation." Polymers 14, no. 3 (2022): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14030419.

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Combining the characteristics of rare earth extractants and water-soluble polymer complexants, a novel complexant phosphorylated chitosan (PCS) was synthesized by Kabachnik–Fields reaction with alkalized chitosan, dimethyl phosphonate, and formaldehyde as raw materials and toluene-4-sulfonic acid monohydrate (TsOH) as catalyst. The complexation properties of PCS and poly (acrylic acid) sodium (PAAS) for lanthanum ions in the solution were compared at the same pH and room temperature. In addition, the frontier molecular orbital energies of polymer–La complexes were calculated by the density fun

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Huang, Yukun, Dasong Wang, Zhuo Duan, Jiang Liu, Yijun Cao, and Weijun Peng. "A Novel Dissolution and Synchronous Extraction of Rare Earth Elements from Bastnaesite by a Functionalized Ionic Liquid [Hbet][Tf2N]." Minerals 12, no. 12 (2022): 1592. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12121592.

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Rare earth elements (REEs) are widely used in high-tech industries and are important basic raw materials. Bastnaesite is one of the most important minerals used in the rare earth extraction industry, and the efficient development of it is the key guarantee for the safe supply of rare earth raw materials. In this study, a novel method for dissolving bastnaesite using a carboxyl-functionalized ionic liquid ([Hbet][Tf2N]) is proposed. This innovative method provides a collaborative model with the dissolution and synchronous extraction of rare earth elements during the heating and cooling of the [

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Verma, Shalini, Akshoy Ranjan Paul, and Nawshad Haque. "Assessment of Materials and Rare Earth Metals Demand for Sustainable Wind Energy Growth in India." Minerals 12, no. 5 (2022): 647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12050647.

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Wind energy is an alternative energy generation from non-renewable energy resources. The turbine is used to exploit wind energy. Different components of a wind turbine necessitate different materials and metals. There is a dependency of the materials on foreign countries. To avoid future problems regarding the availability of these materials in India, it is necessary to forecast the quantity and the price of the materials and metals. Thus, this study mainly focuses on the estimation of the raw materials, rare earth, and critical metals used in manufacturing the wind turbine. Two wind turbines

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37

Novák, Viliam. "Ecosystems and Global Changes." Acta Horticulturae et Regiotecturae 24, s1 (2021): 70–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ahr-2021-0012.

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Abstract Increasing population has led to the increasing demand for food, raw materials, and energy. Continuing land use changes, intensification of its exploitation, deforestation, fossil fuel combustion, and related carbon dioxide production have been contributing to change of water and energy balance of the globe, thus changing conditions for life. Other reasons for changing conditions on the Earth are natural changes in interactions between the Earth and outer space. Actual climate change is a part of other global changes resulting in both natural and anthropogenic changes. It is mostly fe

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Zhao, Peng Fei, and Bin Tao. "An Analysis of Earth Folk Houses Along Shandong Canal." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 1938–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.1938.

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Earth folk houses refer to a type of traditional dwelling with their main structure built with raw earth through simple treatment without being baked in a kiln. The article discusses two types of folk houses found along Shandong Canal, including thatched earth cottages and shallow-vaulted earth cottages. It studies the layout, architectural features, building methods and materials of these buildings and explains their historical, cultural, and ecological significance.

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Bodian, Seckou, Mactar Faye, Ibrahima Diaw, Pape M. Toure, Younouss Dieye, and Vincent Sambou. "HYGROSCOPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF EARTH BRICKS MADE FROM LATERITE AND CLAY OF SENEGAL." International Journal of Advanced Research 10, no. 12 (2022): 48–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/15807.

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Earth is the main raw material most used in building construction in Africa and particularly in Senegal. It is a particularly malleable material, easy to handle, from which hard bricks (unfired or fired) can be made. Thus for a good prediction of the mechanical and thermal behavior of a material, it is important to determine its hygroscopic properties. This is why our study focuses on the hygroscopic characterization of earth materials based on laterite and clay. We are mainly interested in the study of adsorption and desorption isotherms by water vapor. The adsorption and desorption isotherm

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Efrianti, Desi, Tarida Marlin, and Jesica Novia. "Analisis Perencanaan Pembelian Bahan Baku Dalam Kaitannya Dengan Efisiensi Bahan Baku Pada PT. Unitex." Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi Kesatuan 3, no. 2 (2015): 082–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.37641/jiakes.v3i2.850.

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Purchase of raw materials is an important element in a manufacturing company because this function has a responsibility to obtain raw materials with good quantity and quality and in accordance with the requirements. Raw materials are the main source to produce and create finished goods that will be sold by company and make a profit. The production process can only be done when the supply of raw materials available in suficient quantities. The purpose ofthis study was to observe and analyze how the planning of raw materials and how they affect the efficiency ofthe availability of raw materials,

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Houben, Hugo, Alejandro Alva Balderrama, and Stefan Simon. "Our Earthen Architectural Heritage: Materials Research and Conservation." MRS Bulletin 29, no. 5 (2004): 338–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2004.101.

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AbstractEarth construction is the oldest and most universal architectural expression on our planet. The most ancient human settlements were built with raw earth, and even today at least 30% of the world's population still lives in earthen homes. The conservation of earthen architecture depends of two aspects of a global strategy. One part involves intervention to preserve existing structures, and the second involves continuing to use the construction methods and materials in contemporary and future building practices. Traditionally, earth construction has been approached in an empirical way. O

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Bernardo-Arugay, Ivyleen C., Fel Jane A. Echavez, Liberty R. Lumasag, et al. "Evaluation of Linamon Red Clay, Salvador Black Cinder and Kapatagan Diatomaceous Earth of the Southern Philippines." Minerals 13, no. 2 (2023): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min13020252.

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The southern island of the Philippines is abundant in silicate minerals, including the province of Lanao del Norte. However, some of these resources in the region are untapped for use as raw materials in the production of various ceramic products for industrial, pharmaceutical, and nanotechnology applications. These could include tiles, sanitary ware, dinnerware, insulating bricks, porcelain, membranes and coatings. Some of the explored minerals are the red clay in the municipality of Linamon, diatomaceous earth in Kapatagan and black cinder in Salvador. It is the aim of this study that these

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Bielowicz, Barbara. "Waste as a Source of Critical Raw Materials—A New Approach in the Context of Energy Transition." Energies 18, no. 8 (2025): 2101. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18082101.

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Critical raw materials are economically and strategically important for industry both in the short and long term. However, their supply is at high risk due to limited domestic deposits and reliance on imports. As demand for these materials grows, alternative sources must be explored. This study investigates the recovery of critical raw materials from waste, focusing on incineration residues, industrial byproducts, and electronic waste. The research analyzes various waste streams, including municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash and fly ash, as well as electronic and industrial waste, to

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Carter, Tristan. "A true gift of mother earth: the use and significance of obsidian at Çatalhöyük." Anatolian Studies 61 (December 2011): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0066154600008759.

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AbstractThis paper reviews 50 years of obsidian studies at Neolithic Çatalhöyük in the Konya plain, central Anatolia. A number of key issues are addressed: (1) the source of the site's raw materials, the means and forms by which the obsidian was introduced to the site and the role of Çatalhöyük in the supra-regional dissemination of these raw materials; (2) the alleged gender associations of certain obsidian goods in the burial record and beyond; (3) a more general consideration of the social significance of the circulation and consumption of obsidian at the site, including the phenomena of ho

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Moengin, Parwadi, Nadya Adira Fabiani, and Sucipto Adisuwiryo. "Perancangan Model Simulasi Tata Letak Gudang Bahan Baku Menggunakan Metode Shared Storage (Studi Kasus di PT. Braja Mukti Cakra)." JURNAL TEKNIK INDUSTRI 12, no. 1 (2022): 58–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/jti.v12i1.13962.

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Intisari— PT. Braja Mukti Cakra merupakan perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang manufaktur yang menghasilkan produk komponen (machined products) yang berpresisi tinggi, berupa komponen otomotif di Indonesia. Permasalahan yang terjadi pada PT. Braja Mukti Cakra berada pada gudang bahan baku, dimana peletakan bahan baku yang belum optimal dikarenakan tidak adanya penamaan dan pembagian jenis material bahan baku pada rak atau pallet yang ada digudang. Hal ini menyebabkan operator kesulitan dalam mencari bahan baku yang akan dikirim ke lantai produksi dan mengakibatkan waktu pengambilan bahan baku me

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Barbosa, Normando Perazzo, and Khosrow Ghavami. "Earth Construction and Sustainability." Key Engineering Materials 634 (December 2014): 433–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.634.433.

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This paper presents some considerations on the impacts of industrialized construction materials to Planet Earth. It comments about sustainability and show that large part of the present generation has not met their basic needs, starting with the house. So, in this context, with the actual economic model, it becomes difficult to ensure that future generations are able to meet their own needs. Some considerations about possibilities of building with reduced environmental impact is presented. Comments about raw earth as building material are made. New possibilities to give stability to this mater

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Guliyev, Emin Anvar. "Ecology, raw materials and economic development. Expectations." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ekonomika, no. 58 (2022): 259–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/19988648/58/17.

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As always, ecology and raw materials will play a major role in the economic development of the world in the future. This refers to raw materials that are naturally created in the ecosystem and are indispensable for man-made industries. Environmental factors have a great impact on the processing of raw materials and future sustainable development. The formation of the impact of all environmental factors depends on the decisions made in public administration. The world's most advanced economy and technology cannot sustain itself without commodities. If we add to this the raw materials used by th

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Prudêncio, M. Isabel, M. Isabel Dias, M. José Trindade, and M. Amália Sequeira Braga. "Rare earth elements as tracers for provenancing ancient ceramics." Estudos do Quaternário / Quaternary Studies, no. 8 (December 26, 2012): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.30893/eq.v0i8.67.

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Clay analysis plays a crucial role in studies of ancient ceramics, contributing with answers to better understanding resource exploitation strategies, production technologies, and regional and interregional interaction patterns. The vessels are made essentially by clays, the composition of the ceramics reflectingthe origin of the clay materials used and conclusions may be inferred concerning the type of raw materials and the establishment of the geographic area of production. Different geochemical patterns found in clays from different geological contexts, consist on an important basis for the

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Parlato, Monica C. M., Simona M. C. Porto, Carmen Galán-Marín, Carlos Alberto Rivera-Gómez, Massimo Cuomo, and Francesco Nocera. "Thermal Performance, Microstructure Analysis and Strength Characterisation of Agro-Waste Reinforced Soil Materials." Sustainability 15, no. 15 (2023): 11543. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151511543.

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The use of raw-earth materials reinforced by natural fibres, i.e., livestock waste in the form of greasy wool, represents an eco-friendly alternative for a variety of construction applications. This proposal is based on the analysis of unfired adobe blocks stabilised with wool fibres for use as both structural and non-structural building materials. The influence of fibre length on the thermophysical and mechanical properties of the tested material was investigated. The thermal conductivity coefficient (λ) of raw-earth samples was assessed by following three different test setting procedures (T

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Jäger, Anton, Zoe Chunyu Miao, and Steffi Weyand. "Recovering Rare-Earth Magnets from Wind Turbines—A Potential Analysis for Germany." Energies 18, no. 10 (2025): 2436. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18102436.

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Wind power forms the major contributor to Germany’s goal of transforming the energy sector and becoming climate-neutral until 2045. The increasing installation of wind turbines comes with an increasing demand for rare-earth elements, especially neodymium, praseodymium and dysprosium, to produce high-performing magnets. However, these elements are considered to be critical raw materials because of their supply risk and economic importance. The European Commission aims to ensure supply chain resilience by improving the circularity of these critical raw materials. After an average of 20 years, wi

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