Journal articles: 'Raw material sourcing'

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Mukhopadhyay, Sanjay, Prabir Kumar Choudhuri, and Sankar Roy Maulik. "Application of the TOPSIS Method in Yarn Procurement for the Handloom Sector." Journal of the Textile Association 85, no. 6 (2025): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.63665/jta.v85i6.11.

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In the handloom industry, the supply of raw materials for each product varies depending on their type. The availability, affordability, and sourcing play a crucial role in the supply chain. The present work discusses the importance of the weightage of the various factors for the raw material supply chain. Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to the Ideal Solution Method (TOPSIS) is a mathematical tool that systematically identifies handloom weavers' preferred sourcing points for the raw material supply chain. It is observed that direct procurement from the local market is the preferred sourcing location. TOPSIS's proximity index has been updated in sensitivity analysis, and certain elements' weightage (global weight) has been raised. The weightage of the evenness parameter does not affect the sourcing points. In contrast, the increase in global weight of count variation and cost parameters changes the sourcing points. In those cases, Mahajan is the weavers' preferred solution for yarn purchasing.

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ADEWALE TOHEEB, BELLO, and HADIZA SAIDU ABUBAKAR. "EFFECTS OF SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT (SCM) ON THE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE OF SELECTED INDIGENOUS AUTOMOBILE COMPANIES IN NIGERIA." International Journal of Social Sciences and Management Review 08, no. 02 (2025): 92–110. https://doi.org/10.37602/ijssmr.2025.8207.

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This study examined the effects of Supply Chain Management (SCM) on the competitive advantage of selected indigenous automobile companies in Nigeria, emphasizing the significance of raw material sourcing and product design on cost efficiency and consumer loyalty. The research employs a positivist philosophy with a descriptive and survey-based design, combining quantitative data from 50 Ministries, Departments, and Agencies (MDAs) and staff from three indigenous automobile companies. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data, and multiple regression and correlation analyses were conducted using SPSS to explore the relationships between raw material sourcing, product design, cost efficiency, and consumer loyalty. Findings from this research highlight the strategic importance of SCM in achieving cost efficiency through efficient raw material sourcing and in building stronger customer loyalty via sustainable product design. The study recommended that indigenous automobile companies should focus on establishing long-term partnerships with reliable suppliers to ensure a consistent supply of high-quality raw materials.

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Kim, Taebok, and Suresh K. Goyal. "Composite sourcing policy considering raw-material consumption." International Journal of Logistics Systems and Management 11, no. 4 (2012): 535. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijlsm.2012.046705.

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Nguyen, Phi-Hung, Lin Hsu-Hao, Hong-Anh Pham, et al. "Material Sourcing Characteristics and Firm Performance: An Empirical Study in Vietnam." Mathematics 10, no. 10 (2022): 1691. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10101691.

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With the evolution of today’s economy, supply chain management for raw materials is a complex task, but it can be simplified with the appropriate strategies. Thus, relationships between firms and suppliers have become critical for enterprise success and country development. This study investigates the effects of raw materials sources, including domestic and international ones, on small and medium enterprises (SMEs) performance. Supporting this research, all the regression models are conducted on Stata version 16.0 software with the dataset of 3485 manufacturing SMEs, utilizing longitudinal data derived from bi-annually repeated surveys of randomly selected SMEs in ten provinces in Vietnam over the period of 2011–2015. Additionally, the results of this study indicate the significant positive effects of domestic raw materials on firm performance. Meanwhile, international raw material sources present SMEs with several disadvantages in maintaining the effectiveness of SMEs’ operations. In addition, the results also highlight that the overflow of raw materials from non-state enterprises has negative effects on firm performance. Alternatively, this study aims to fill the literature gap on supply chain management to suggest to SMEs some justifiable strategies to fortify sustainable growth and the rational flow of raw materials.

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Bhati, Tushar. "Evaluation of Sourcing Risks in Manufacturing Industry." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 09, no. 06 (2025): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem49765.

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INTRODUCTION In the manufacturing industry, assessing sourcing risks is an essential part of supply chain management (SCM) and strategic procurement (SPP). Sourcing risks are any disruptions or challenges that a company may face from its raw material, component or other input suppliers. These risks can have a significant impact on a company’s operations, financial performance and reputation. In order to assess sourcing risks, a company must consider several factors, such as supplier diversification (SDR), supplier evaluation and selection (SDR), risk assessment and monitoring (RAM), supply chain visibility (SVP), demand forecasting (DCP) and geopolitical risks. The Federal Reserve has developed the Sourcing Risk Index (SRI) for US Manufacturing.

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Utting, Benjamin. "Geochemical fingerprinting of Pleistocene stone tools from the Tràng An Landscape Complex, Ninh Bình Province, Vietnam." PLOS ONE 17, no. 6 (2022): e0269658. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0269658.

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Raw material analyses of prehistoric stone tool assemblages can reveal insight into mobility and exchange patterns in hunter-gatherer populations by reconstructing the circulation of stone throughout ancient landscapes. In Pleistocene Southeast Asia, stone tools are generally thought to have been fashioned from easily accessible local raw materials. However, despite the consistent presence of stone tools made of igneous raw material at prehistoric sites throughout the Tràng An Landscape Complex in northern Vietnam, there are no sources of igneous raw material in the immediate vicinity. This paper presents the results of geochemical sourcing analysis of late Pleistocene igneous stone tools from Tràng An: the first analysis of its type in mainland Southeast Asia. The results shed light on mobility and raw material provisioning strategies in Pleistocene mainland Southeast Asian hunter-gatherer populations and raise questions surrounding the relationship between technological organization, raw material, and expediency in Southeast Asian stone tool assemblages.

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Hertz, Rasmus Aagaard, Ole Therkelsen, Søren Kristiansen, Jesper Kjærsgaard Christensen, Frederik Agervig Hansson, and Lasse Schmidt. "Cycle-Based Control of Injection Moulding Process in Presence of Material Dual Sourcing Using Mass Feedback." Polymers 16, no. 13 (2024): 1808. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16131808.

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The low cost and precise tolerances of plastic injection moulded products are a major reason for the popularity of the manufacturing method. The tolerances are greatly influenced by the equipment, raw material and moulding process. One challenge is the raw material variation. This paper presents a production process using cycle based feedback of cycle mass, for control of part properties in the presence of material variation from dual sourcing. The part properties considered are part mass and outer dimensions. The process uses direct cycle mass feedback without additional process measurements in the proposed controller structure. The designed controller structure is tested in a multi-cavity mould while using raw materials from multiple vendors, encompassing five different grades. The results show a total decrease in part mass variance of approximately 50% and a decrease of length and width variance of approximately 40% compared to a moulding process with fixed settings.

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Terradas, Xavier, Jehanne Affolter, and Albert Hafner. "Rockview: Archaeometric Analysis of Silicites to Reconstruct Prehistoric Raw Material Sourcing." Quaternary International 615 (March 2022): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2021.12.010.

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Hassan, Mohamed M., Salah A. Bader, Mahrous A. Ali, Wael R. Abdellah, and Gamal S. Abdelhaffez. "LINEAR PROGRAMMING AS A TOOL TO DESIGN THE MIX OF CEMENT PLANT RAW MATERIALS." Rudarsko-geološko-naftni zbornik 37, no. 4 (2022): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17794/rgn.2022.4.9.

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This study uses linear programming to develop a methodology for selecting the best raw material mix in an ASCOM cement plant in Egypt. In cement factories, this type adheres to Egyptian chemical composition criteria for raw feed (e.g. 82.5% calcium carbonate, 14.08% silica, 2.5% alumina and 0.92% iron oxide). Furthermore, the model is bound by industry-specific characteristics (e.g. lime saturation factor, silica modulus, alumina modulus and loss of ignition). The results reveal that the model is able to accurately reproduce the mixing of high-quality feed with varying constituent percentages. It is also capable of determining the combining limitations of each ingredient. Furthermore, it demonstrates optimality for additive sourcing short-term planning and capping limestone quality to meet changeable component combinations. Additionally, improving the raw mix reduces limestone feed quality from 51 to 50.6%, resulting in the inclusion of extra limestone reserves.

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Chen, Yu, Liyuan Liu, Victor Shi, Yibin Zhang, and Jing Zhu. "The Optimization of a Virtual Dual Production-Inventory System under Dynamic Supply Disruption Risk." Complexity 2020 (December 24, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7067502.

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Major events such as the COVID-19 pandemic, Olympic Games, and G20 Summit bring about supplier disruption risks and challenges to supply chain management. To help deal with these risks, a virtual dual-sourcing production-inventory system can be deployed. In this paper, we study such a system which consists of a raw material supplier, a manufacturer, and a virtual dual-sourcing contingency supplier. The manufacturer needs to determine the production, procurement, and inventory plan of raw materials. When its supplier is interrupted, the manufacturer may need to adjust the production and inventory plan and work with the contingency supplier. We develop a system dynamics method to simulate the operations in this production-inventory system to identify the approximately optimal order-up-to-level inventory policies. We find that the virtual dual production-inventory strategy can be the optimal contingency policy to deal with supplier dynamic disruption risks. Furthermore, for disruption risk with low frequency and long duration, the manufacturer should increase the safety inventory level before the disruption. Otherwise, it should increase the safety inventory level in every cycle.

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Mancini, Lucia, and Philip Nuss. "Responsible Materials Management for a Resource-Efficient and Low-Carbon Society." Resources 9, no. 6 (2020): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources9060068.

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Our societies rely on the quality and availability of natural resources. Driven by population growth, economic development, and innovation, future demand for natural resources is expected to further increase in coming decades. Raw materials will be an important part of society’s future material mix as countries increasingly transition towards resource-efficient and greenhouse-gas neutral economies. Raw materials are also fundamental to meet ecological and socio-economic targets within the UN Sustainable Development Agenda. For instance, they have a fundamental role in renewable energy technologies, new building materials and infrastructure, communication systems, and low-carbon transportation. However, some materials are largely supplied from countries with poor governance. The future availability of these materials and associated impacts are of increasing concern going forward. Recent raw material criticality studies have explored economic, geo-political, and technological factors that affect materials’ supply. However, environmental and social pressures also play a role in their security of supply. For instance, conflicts can prevent access to mineral deposits; accidents and environmental damage compromise public acceptance and can hinder future extraction operations. This article will introduce this Special Issue with a focus on material requirements and responsible sourcing of materials for a low-carbon society, and provides an overview of the subsequent research papers.

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Choudhari, Sanjay, and Amit Tindwani. "Logistics optimisation in road construction project." Construction Innovation 17, no. 2 (2017): 158–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ci-03-2016-0014.

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Purpose This study aims to assist the project manager in minimising the material logistics cost of road project by planning the optimal movement of aggregate across three stages of supply chain: sourcing, processing and distribution. Design/methodology/approach The paper conceptualises the raw material consumption in a road project as a logistics network distribution problem. A linear programming (LP) formulation is constructed with appropriate decision variables by integrating the three stages of material movement. The series of LP scenarios are solved using an LP solver to decide the optimal movement of the aggregate to be consumed in different layers of road segments. Findings The results obtained from the model show that planning material logistics of an entire road project using optimisation provides substantial saving in logistics costs than using common sense. Further, the magnitude of cost saving improves as the complexity of the model increases in term of enormous feasible options. Practical implications The model shown in this paper may serve as a basis for planning the logistics of raw materials consumed in the road projects. The small improvement in material flows by optimising supply chain shows sensible cost benefit to the project manager and hence control and monitor the overall cost and activities of the project. The output of the model is also expected to help the project team as an input in the decision-making processes such as appropriate material sourcing contract, capacity assessment of material processing facility and transportation planning. Originality/value While the optimisation models are widely used and popular among the many industrial applications, this research shows distinct application of such a model in managing the logistics of the road construction project.

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Oggeri, Claudio, and Raffaele Vinai. "Characterisation of geomaterials and non-conventional waste streams for their reuse as engineered materials." E3S Web of Conferences 195 (2020): 06002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019506002.

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Reusing bulk volumes of waste material is a requirement often encountered in mining and construction activities involving excavations. Spoils produced from these activities typically show high variability in terms of properties and behaviour, due to the local geology, adopted excavation method and further spoil treatments. A procedure for classifying the spoil from tunnelling was proposed in order to correlate ground type, possible muck destination and treatment type. With a similar approach in industrial and related sectors, the reuse of non-conventional materials (i.e. wooden chips, fragments, granulates, micronized glass, residual out of shape from manufacturing processes or coming from selection of other waste) has a great relevance as it is accompanied by savings in disposal costs and in the sourcing of raw materials. Characterisation tests derived from geotechnical engineering can support the assessment of the physical and mechanical properties of non-conventional materials, creating a feedback loop encompassing raw material description, required treatments, and possible utilisations as engineered materials. This paper describes the possible screening tests and treatment options for material recycling in the framework of a modified spoil classification system.

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Herrero Alonso, Diego, Natividad Fuertes Prieto, Antonio Tarriño Vinagre, and Ana Neira Campos. "Local-regional raw material procurement in the "Mesolithic with geometrics" south of the Picos de Europa (Cantabrian Mountains, Spain)." Journal of the International Union of Prehistoric and Protohistoric Sciences 3, no. 1 (2021): 42–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.62526/988tt4.

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In this work we have analysed the provenance of the lithic raw materials recovered during the excavation campaigns at two Mesolithic sites of the Cantabrian Mountains: La Uña (levels III and IV) and El Espertín (level II). From the data obtained, differences between the two deposits and their levels have been observed, with sourcing of very similar lithic resources, but with important differences in the percentages. In the case of El Espertín there is a greater contribution of varieties from the La Liébana area (NE of Picos de Europa) while at La Uña the NW varieties percentages are higher highlighting in both cases the exclusive origin from the northern slope of the Cantabrian Mountains with the exception of Alba radiolarite, a widely distributed raw material.

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Sánchez de la Torre, Marta, Xavier Mangado, François-Xavier Le Bourdonnec, et al. "Tracing prehistoric past human routes in the Pyrenees: new data about chert procurement at Montlleó open-air site (Prats i Sansor, Spain)." Journal of the International Union of Prehistoric and Protohistoric Sciences 3, no. 1 (2021): 55–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.62526/uyc58r.

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In this work we have analysed the provenance of the lithic raw materials recovered during the excavation campaigns at two Mesolithic sites of the Cantabrian Mountains: La Uña (levels III and IV) and El Espertín (level II). From the data obtained, differences between the two deposits and their levels have been observed, with sourcing of very similar lithic resources, but with important differences in the percentages. In the case of El Espertín there is a greater contribution of varieties from the La Liébana area (NE of Picos de Europa) while at La Uña the NW varieties percentages are higher highlighting in both cases the exclusive origin from the northern slope of the Cantabrian Mountains with the exception of Alba radiolarite, a widely distributed raw material.

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AjayKumar, Dubey. "Navigating the Sweet Spot: A Comprehensive Guide to Strategic Management in the Ice Cream Industry." International Journal of Scientific Research and Technology 2, no. 1 (2025): 377–85. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14737107.

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The ice cream industry, a captivating blend of sweet indulgence and competitive business, presents a unique set of challenges for players of all sizes. From the complexities of sourcing high-quality raw materials to the delicate dance of inventory management and the ever-evolving landscape of consumer preferences, success in this sector demands a strategic approach. This paper aims to be a comprehensive guide, delving into critical areas of strategic management, including raw material procurement, inventory control, market positioning, leveraging industry associations, and navigating the evolving landscape of modern trade and online delivery platforms. By integrating established research, practical insights, and real-world examples, this paper provides a roadmap for ice cream businesses to thrive in a dynamic and competitive market.

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Zamfir, Ionuț-Florin. "Raw Material Market Disruptions During COVID-19: How Agility Can Create a Competitive Advantage?" Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence 16, no. 1 (2022): 1122–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/picbe-2022-0103.

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Abstract This paper’s objective is to present a comprehensive view on the evolution of main raw materials used by European manufacturers from technical and construction fields (ferrous metals, non-ferrous, polymers and timber) over the last 2 years described by high volatility. This topic is particularly relevant nowadays since raw materials shortages put the ongoing economic recovery under pressure. The value added of this analysis consists in a clear picture of the disruptions triggered by the ongoing sanitary crisis on construction raw materials market since spring 2020. For companies, raw materials control is a mandatory purpose to keep under control direct cost of production and stay competitive. Obviously, all manufactures were affected by this market volatility but some of them have been more resilient to shocks and managed to perform better than others. Therefore, they obtained a competitive advantage based on their agility on sourcing and controlling the supply of their main raw materials. Besides capturing the trends of main raw materials on the European market, this paper includes a practical guideline that might be considered by decision makers to tame the impact of raw materials volatility on their performance and help them to boost their resilience and agility to obtain a competitive advantage.

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Zhang, Wei, Deke Zhou, and Liwen Liu. "Contracts for Changing Times: Sourcing with Raw Material Price Volatility and Information Asymmetry." Manufacturing & Service Operations Management 16, no. 1 (2014): 133–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/msom.2013.0454.

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Wellis, David, and Robert Tressler. "Strategic & practical considerations in raw material selection & sourcing for cell therapies." Cell and Gene Therapy Insights 3, no. 3 (2017): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.18609/cgti.2017.021.

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Valentini, Luca, Kathryn R. Moore, and Mark Bediako. "Sustainable Sourcing of Raw Materials for Construction: From the Earth to the Moon and Beyond." Elements 18, no. 5 (2022): 327–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/gselements.18.5.327.

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Each year, nearly 40 billion tonnes of raw materials extracted from the Earth’s crust feed into the construction industry. The associated material flows dramatically contribute to anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Therefore, more sustainable supply chains must be envisaged based on the use of locally available resources and the principles of circular economy. Drawing inspiration from vernacular architecture, innovative solutions for green construction based on sustainable exploitation of local resources can be posited. This strategy has also inspired the proposed practice of in situ resource utilization on planetary bodies such as the Moon and Mars.

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Chen, Kuoliang. "A Study on the Coping Strategies of Taiwan's Smes Facing the Fluctuation of Rubber Raw Material Prices: A Case Study of Five Local Manufacturing Companies." Journal of Economics, Management and Trade 31, no. 6 (2025): 169–76. https://doi.org/10.9734/jemt/2025/v31i61307.

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This study investigates how five representative small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Taiwan's rubber industry manage operational risks associated with the volatility of international raw material prices. Using a qualitative multiple case study method and semi-structured interviews, this research examines strategic practices such as diversified sourcing, flexible procurement, risk forecasting mechanisms, and business transformation. The objectives are to understand the coping strategies adopted during price surges and how firms build resilience through innovation and cooperation. The findings contribute to both academic discourse and practical policymaking, offering suggestions to enhance the overall risk resistance and sustainability of the industry. This study focuses on five representatives small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Taiwan that operate in the rubber application field, exploring how they manage operational risks in the context of international raw material price fluctuations through strategic management, resource allocation, and market mechanisms. Through qualitative research and case interviews, this study finds that enterprises can establish resilient systems through diversified sourcing, flexible procurement, price forecasting, and transformation upgrades. The contribution of this research lies in supplementing the practical approaches of SMEs in high-risk environments and providing policy and industry-level suggestions, which are expected to enhance the overall risk resistance capability and sustainable operation of the industry.

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Pestana, Gabriel, Marisa Almeida, and Nelson Martins. "Tracking Secondary Raw Material Operational Framework—DataOps Case Study." Ceramics 8, no. 1 (2025): 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics8010012.

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The ceramic and glass industries, integral to the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS), face significant challenges in achieving decarbonization despite advancements in energy efficiency. The circular economy offers a promising pathway, emphasizing the reuse and recycling of waste materials into secondary raw materials (SRMs) to reduce resource consumption and emissions. This study investigates a standardized waste supply chain framework, developed collaboratively with stakeholders, tailored for the ceramic sector. The Waste Resource Platform (WRP) integrates Industry 4.0 paradigms, utilizing a modular, layered architecture and a process-centric design. The framework includes experimental tests and co-creation methodologies to refine a digital marketplace that connects stakeholders, facilitates SRM exchange, and fosters industrial symbiosis. The WRP demonstrates the potential for SRMs to replace virgin materials, reducing environmental impacts and production costs. It enhances supply chain transparency through digital traceability, promotes predictive material sourcing, and streamlines logistics via algorithmic optimization. Challenges such as regulatory gaps and quality standards are addressed through standardized processes, open data governance, and innovative algorithms. The WRP project advances circular economy goals in the ceramic sector, promoting waste reuse, industrial symbiosis, and supply chain resilience. Its standardized, open-access platform offers a scalable model for other industries, fostering sustainable practices and resource efficiency while addressing global climate targets.

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Ravichandran, N. "Supply Chain Planning in a Process Industry in India: A Case Study." Metamorphosis: A Journal of Management Research 4, no. 2 (2005): 157–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972622520050206.

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This case study documents the experience of using formal methods and modeling techniques in planning the components of supply chain in the context of a process industry unit located in western India. More specifically, details related to formal methods which will enable the management to improve efficiency related to raw material sourcing, materials planning, facilities planning and inventory management of package material are presented. The contextual information has been documented as a management case for teaching purposes at Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad. In the last segment of this case study, we summarize the experience in using this case in the class room. More specifically, the learning objectives, the set of issues discussed in the class and the experience in using this case are presented.

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Cahyadi, Indra, Trisita Novianti, Ernaning Widiaswanti, Heri Awalul Ilhamsah, Sugeng Purwoko, and Ananda Syalsabila Hidayat. "Sea Cucumber Suppliers Selection Using Multi – Objective Optimization on The Basis of Ratio Analysis Methods." MATEC Web of Conferences 372 (2022): 02004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202237202004.

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This study aims to implement decision making methodology to select raw material suppliers for sea cucumbers in fish cracker Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Bangkalan Districts, Indonesia. Raw materials sourcing is one of the most critical functions in MSMEs because of its significant effect in reducing production costs and increasing overall profits. The sea cucumbers suppliers’ selection process is analysed in two phases. The first phase is the development of a hierarchy of problems in selecting fish cracker MSMEs suppliers to determine the selection criteria and sub-criteria. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to determine pairwise comparisons, consistent weights and priority decisions of the alternative raw materials suppliers. In the second phase, Multi – Objective Optimization on The Basis of Ratio Analysis (MOORA) is conducted using the AHP results as input to optimize two or more conflicting objectives subject to some constraints. Then, the AHP method and the MOORA method were used to obtain the MSME’s sea cucumber suppliers ranking and evaluate the best possible suppliers.

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Murtha, Timothy M., and Barry E. Scheetz. "Sourcing the source: Bald Eagle Jasper quarries and the Houserville Habitation Complex." North American Archaeologist 42, no. 4 (2021): 402–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0197693121995615.

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The construction of a road extension of Park Avenue through the Pennsylvania State University’s agricultural fields offered an opportunity to reinvestigate, in more detail, the Tudek jasper quarry site (36CE238). The original investigation was led by Dr. James Hatch and graduate students from the University’s Department of Anthropology. Initial studies yielded in excess of 27,000 artifacts that were used in this analysis. Our reinvestigation resulted in the construction of a detailed outline of the quarry site and the pattern of usage of the materials from the site. Additionally, radiocarbon dating indicated that the site was intensively utilized for a long period of time (3500 BC to 1500 AD) and confirmed that, like many quarry sites, the activities included primary materials collection and testing, reduction of the lithic materials for transport to another location where the final finishing of tools took place. Moreover, the availability of raw material likely changed through time and across the quarry. Observed color changes in the jasper suggest some heat treatment on site, primarily during later time periods.

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Brouwer Burg, Marieka, Tawny L. B. Tibbits, and Eleanor Harrison-Buck. "Advances in Geochemical Sourcing of Granite Ground Stone." Advances in Archaeological Practice 9, no. 4 (2021): 338–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aap.2021.26.

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AbstractOften understudied by archaeologists, ground stone tools (GST) were ubiquitous in the ancient Maya world. Their applications ranged from household tools to ceremonial equipment and beyond. Little attention has been focused on chemically sourcing the raw stone material used in GST production, largely because these tools were fashioned out of igneous or sedimentary rock, which can present characterization challenges. And, although portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) has been applied widely to source obsidian, the utility of pXRF for geochemically sourcing other kinds of stone remains underexplored. We present a small-scale application of pXRF for determining granite provenance within a section of the Middle Belize Valley in Belize, Central America. Belize is an ideal location to test chemical sourcing studies of granite because there are only three tightly restricted and chemically distinct sources of granite in the country, from which the overwhelming majority of granite for ancient tool production derived. The method described here demonstrates that successful and accurate geological characterizations can be made on granite GST. This cutting-edge sourcing technique has the potential to be more widely applied in other regions to reveal deeper connections between the sources of GST production and sites of consumption across space and through time.

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Oluyemi, Gbenga F., Richard O. Afolabi, Samuel Casasola Zamora, Yuan Li, and David McElroy. "Environmental Impact Assessment of a Plant Cell-Based Bio-Manufacturing Process for Producing Plant Natural Product Ingredients." Sustainability 16, no. 19 (2024): 8515. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16198515.

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Purpose: This study employed a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology to evaluate the environmental impacts of a novel plant cell-based biomanufacturing process for producing plant natural product ingredients. The primary purpose was to assess the relative sustainability of the process and to provide insights into potential areas of improvement in the biomanufacturing process. Method: The LCA method used an MS Excel (Ver. 2407) -based approach with a cradle-to-gate system boundary covering raw material sourcing (A1), raw material transportation (A2), and product extract manufacturing (A3) stages. Energy use and material inventory data are presented for different unit operations, and environmental impact factors were obtained from the Ecoinvent database. The study included a Material Circularity Index (MCI) calculation to assess the circularity of the biomanufacturing process for the production of saponin emulsifiers that are normally extracted from the woody tissue of the Chilean soapbark tree (Quillaja saponaria). Comparative analyses were performed against a wild-harvest approach for plant tannin extraction from spruce (Picea abies) tree bark. Key Results: The environmental impact assessment focused on determining relative Global Warming Potential (GWP), Acidification Potential (AP), Freshwater Eutrophication (FE), Particulate Matter Formation (PMF), and Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP). Results indicated that the extract manufacturing stage (A3) contributed significantly to adverse environmental impacts, with varying levels of effects based on the energy source used. Comparative analysis with the wild harvest approach highlights the lower environmental impact of the alternative biomanufacturing process. The biomanufacturing process showed a 23% reduction in GWP, AP, and FE and a 25% reduction in PMF and ODP relative to the wild harvest approach. However, the MCI for the biomanufacturing process was estimated to be 0.186, indicating a low material circularity. Conclusions: The results revealed that the extract manufacturing stage, particularly energy consumption, significantly influences the relative environmental impacts of the alternative production processes. Different energy sources exhibit varying effects, with renewable energy sources showing lower environmental impacts. The Material Circularity Index indicated a low circularity for the biomanufacturing process, suggesting opportunities for improvement, such as incorporating recycled or reused materials. Compared with the tannin extraction process, the plant cell-based biomanufacturing process demonstrated lower environmental impacts, emphasising the importance of sustainable practices and the use of renewable energy sources in future plant natural product sourcing. Recommendations include implementing more sustainable practices, optimising raw material choices, and extending product life spans to enhance circularity and overall environmental benefits.

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Asadullah Muhammad Hossain Saad. "Analyzing the lifecycle of solar panels including raw material sourcing, manufacturing, and end-of-life disposal." World Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology and Sciences 13, no. 1 (2024): 966–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjaets.2024.13.1.0478.

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The lifecycle of photovoltaic systems, encompassing the procurement of raw materials, manufacturing processes, and eventual disposal at the end of their operational lifespan, presents considerable ecological challenges notwithstanding their contribution to the enhancement of renewable energy sources. This research offers an exhaustive examination of the ecological ramifications associated with each phase of the lifecycle of photovoltaic systems. The extraction of essential materials, including silicon, silver, and rare earth metals, necessitates energy-demanding processes and leads to resource depletion, while the manufacturing phase is associated with the emission of greenhouse gases and resource consumption, particularly in the fabrication of crystalline silicon panels. The disposal at the end of life is becoming increasingly significant, as retired panels accumulate, and existing recycling technologies provide minimal recovery of valuable materials. Despite the substantial reduction in greenhouse gas emissions attributable to solar panels throughout their operational lifespan, there is a pressing need for enhancements in material efficiency, manufacturing methodologies, and recycling frameworks to mitigate their lifecycle repercussions. The investigation underscores the imperative for sustainable methodologies, circular economy paradigms, and policy measures to guarantee the enduring environmental sustainability of solar energy.

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Kostova, Bilyana, Svetlana Todorova, Katerina Mihaylova, Chavdar Lalov, and Ralitza Berberova. "A Provenance Study of Ceramic Artifacts from the Area of Makariopolsko Village, NE Bulgaria." Geosciences 15, no. 6 (2025): 193. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences15060193.

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The Roman site at Makariopolsko village in Northeastern Bulgaria has been identified as a ceramic production center, featuring single- and double-chamber kilns, abundant ceramic material, and a nearby water source. Geological assessments also reveal local clay deposits. Previous archaeological studies have noted similar Roman production sites in the region, primarily focusing on the study of the kilns and the macroscopic description and classification of the ceramics. However, there has been a lack of research into the pottery’s composition and the sourcing of raw materials, which is essential for understanding the area’s cultural and economic context. This study aims to determine the raw material and firing temperature of the ceramic from the site at Makariopolsko village. Clay samples (both raw and fired at 1100 °C) and ceramic were subjected to chemical, statistical, phase X-ray structural, and thermal analyses. The findings indicate the use of calcareous illite–kaolinitic clay, sourced locally, with an added sandy component. The ceramics were fired at temperatures of 570–760 °C and 920–945 °C. These results, which support the site’s identification as a pottery production center, highlight advanced pottery skills and the dual functional capabilities of the kilns. Additionally, they pave the way for further research into regional production center relationships.

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R C, Harshanth, and Megha k. Murthy. "A analytical study on supply chain management and distribution channel at Chamundeshwari sugar industry, srinivasapura. hassan." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 12 (2024): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem40188.

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Supply Chain Management (SCM) plays a crucial role in ensuring the efficiency and effectiveness of the Chamundeshwari Sugar Industry. This analytical study examines the intricate components of SCM within the industry, focusing on procurement, production, and distribution channels. The objective is to assess the current SCM strategies, identify potential inefficiencies, and propose recommendations for optimization. The study begins by analyzing the procurement process, including sourcing raw materials such as sugarcane, and how supplier relationships impact overall productivity. It then delves into the production process, evaluating the conversion of raw materials into finished products. The distribution channels, which are critical for delivering the final product to consumers, are also scrutinized, with particular attention to logistics, warehousing, and transportation. Through qualitative and quantitative analysis, the study highlights key challenges faced by the Chamundeshwari Sugar Industry, such as fluctuating raw material prices, transportation bottlenecks, and demand forecasting inaccuracies. Additionally, the research explores the impact of technological advancements on SCM, including the use of automation and data analytics for better decision-making. This study refers to testing through Chi-Square on analysis and interpretation. Key words: Logistics management, inventory management, procurement management, transpotation management, warehouse management, channel management.

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Gäth, Christian, Micha Kretschmann, and Florian Foerster. "From waste to building material: compressed earth blocks as a regenerative masonry unit." Structural Engineer 103, no. 6 (2025): 25–29. https://doi.org/10.56330/bquo7636.

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Decarbonising the built environment is a core task to meet the goals of the Paris Agreement. The two single most effective measures to decarbonise building materials are avoiding primary raw materials through circular strategies and shifting to low-carbon building materials. The adoption of unfired earth blocks as a substitute for conventional masonry materials addresses both goals, as they are not only a low-carbon building material but can also entirely be sourced from secondary sources and are theoretically infinitely recyclable. To date, their use within the industrialised construction sector has been limited, in part due to the absence of the necessary building regulations and lack of material optimisation. New standards introduced in Germany are now allowing their use in buildings up to five storeys. Bauhaus Earth, a Berlin-based research institute in the field of regenerative architecture and urban planning, is exploring the potential for a scaled adoption of earth blocks, and reports on their experience with the material, sourcing strategies, testing parameters and fields of application.

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Lavin, Lucianne, and Donald R. Prothero. "Prehistoric Procurement of Secondary Sources: The Case for Characterization." North American Archaeologist 13, no. 2 (1992): 97–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/wfxt-26nx-xbp6-x09d.

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Lithic source identification is a new and exciting subfield of archaeology. Sourcing studies often concentrate on prehistoric quarry areas within primary, or in situ, bedrock outcrops. Other important but underrated resources are primary, non-quarry outcrops and secondary, redeposited materials such as glacial till and water-laid gravels. This article discusses the characterization of chert sources by petrographic, or thin section analysis, and assesses the technique's usefulness in identifying specific rock units as the raw material source for prehistoric artifacts. Data from source areas and from archaeological sites in the Delaware and lower Hudson drainages of New Jersey and New York are used to illustrate the need for analysis of non-quarry chert source localities.

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Lu, Ziyi, Indroneil Ganguly, and Ivan Eastin. "A categorical modeling approach to analyzing the impacts of the Lacey Act 2008 amendment on Chinese companies’ export cost and the implications on their sourcing behaviors." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 45, no. 12 (2015): 1806–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2015-0163.

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The United States (US) Lacey Act 2008 amendment (LAA) is a timber legality regulation that requires US importers to monitor and minimize the risk of illegally harvested wood products within their supply chains. This paper empirically examines the effect of the LAA on Chinese companies’ export costs to the US. The study uses 138 responses from two surveys in Shanghai, China, in 2013, i.e., 5 years after the LAA was implemented. Given the high proportion of zero export increase indicated by the Chinese companies, a zero-inflated ordered probit model was used to model Chinese companies’ export cost increases to the US. The research results demonstrate that pre-LAA raw material sourcing patterns are primary indicators of the respondents’ export cost increase to the US as a result of the LAA. From the results, it can be inferred that log and lumber importers from suspect regions are taking additional measures, by changing their procurement practices, to ensure the legality of their raw material, which is adding to their cost structure. The results also indicate that smaller companies, given their flexibility with raw material procurement, were less likely to experience a post-LAA cost increase relative to their larger counterparts.

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Roe, Benjamin, Ivan Eastin, and Indroneil Ganguly. "The impact of timber legality regulations on business practices in Vietnam." Forestry Chronicle 90, no. 05 (2014): 651–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc2014-130.

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Reports that nearly half of Vietnam's roundwood imports come from illegal sources has drawn criticism from major consumer countries who have recently implemented timber legality regulations. These regulations, which include the U.S. Lacey Act and EU Timber Regulation, restrict the import of illegally harvested wood and are expected to have a direct impact on major wood-processing countries such as Vietnam and China. Surveys were conducted at trade shows in Ho Chi Minh City to assess how these regulations influence firms’ use of chain-of-custody certification, and impact their material sourcing and export market decisions. Vietnamese firms which sell to the United States and the European Union had higher awareness of timber legality regulations and were more likely to take steps to eliminate illegal products from their supply chain by sourcing raw materials from the U.S. and Canada or by increasing their use of certified wood. However, smaller firms were generally unaware of timber legality regulations and were much less likely to use certified products. Our findings suggest that the Vietnamese market has become segmented, with smaller firms using materials which are at a higher risk of containing illegal wood, and exporting to less regulated markets, such as China.

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Al-Shorman, Ahmed H. B., Zeidoun H. Al-Muheisen, Raghad M. Khalayleh, and Jihad A. Al-Daire. "The Mineralogical, Chemical, and Physical Properties of Ceramic Building Material: Khirbet Edh-Dharih in Southern Jordan (First Century BC–Seventh Century AD)." Journal of Eastern Mediterranean Archaeology and Heritage Studies 11, no. 4 (2023): 390–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jeasmedarcherstu.11.4.0390.

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ABSTRACT Throughout history, ceramic building material (CBM), such as bricks, tiles, and hypocaust tiles, along with decorative elements, have been of immense significance. To determine the mineralogical content, chemical composition, and physical property of such materials, as well as pottery sherds, excavated from the archaeological site of Khirbet Edh-Dharih in southern Jordan, a range of analytical techniques that include petrography, XRD, AAS, and SEM-EDX were utilized. The findings indicate that during the periods studied the potters followed the tradition of sourcing local raw materials and utilized relatively advanced manufacturing techniques. However, the late Byzantine–early Umayyad potters deviated from this norm by blending noncalcareous clay with coarsely crushed quartz in higher proportions and firing them at elevated temperatures. This resulted in a clay with a lower water absorption capacity, lower porosity, and higher bulk density, thus improving its durability.

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Emerson, Thomas E., and Randall E. Hughes. "Figurines, Flint Clay Sourcing, the Ozark Highlands, and Cahokian Acquisition." American Antiquity 65, no. 1 (2000): 79–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2694809.

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AbstractAt the pinnacle of Eastern Woodlands’ prehistoric cultural development, Cahokia has been interpreted as a political and economic power participating in prestige-goods exchanges and trade networks stretching from the Great Plains to the South Atlantic. Among the more spectacular of the Cahokian elite artifacts were stone pipes and figurines made from a distinctive red stone previously identified as Arkansas bauxite. In this research, we used a combination of X-ray diffraction, sequential acid dissolution, and inductively coupled plasma analyses to establish the source of the raw material used in the manufacture of the red figurines and pipes that epitomize the Cahokian-style. Our research demonstrates that these objects were made of locally available flint clays. This finding, in conjunction with other evidence, indicate Cahokian exploitation of many mineral and stone resources focuses on the northern Ozark Highlands to the exclusion of other areas. These findings indicate that we must reassess the direction, extent, and role of Cahokian external contacts and trade in elite goods.

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Kallitsis, Evangelos, Gregory James Offer, and Jacqueline Edge. "The Circular Path Towards Decarbonising the Li-Ion Battery Value Chain." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-01, no. 55 (2024): 2958. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-01552958mtgabs.

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The rapid transition to clean energy and electric mobility has led to an unprecedented demand for Li-ion batteries (LIBs), necessitating a comprehensive decarbonisation of their entire value chain to meet climate goals [1]. This talk takes a holistic view at the LIB production and recycling system to explore cradle-to-cradle decarbonisation strategies. The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) framework is used to quantify the comparative importance of developments in battery manufacturing, raw material sourcing and battery recycling in reducing greenhouse-gas emissions (GHG) arising from the globally-distributed LIB value chain. On the upstream side, sourcing low-carbon materials is found to reduce the GHG footprint of LIB manufacturing by up to a factor of 4, depending on raw material type and source, and battery chemistry [2]. The geographical links between battery Gigafactory location and GHG emissions are also explored, revealing substantial differences between US states, Chinese provinces and European countries, traced to the carbon intensity of electricity generation [2]. On the downstream side, hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical treatment options for end-of-life LIBs are shown to achieve a GHG benefit of up to 40%, when recovered materials are circulated back to LIB production [3]. The battery production and recycling LCA models are integrated to present a comprehensive sensitivity analysis on the effectiveness of LIB recycling in reducing GHG emissions. This is shown to depend on battery chemistry, with lithium iron phosphate material recovery achieving lower benefits, but also on the geographical specificity of key operations, directly affecting the type of materials being displaced through secondary routes. The talk concludes with an outlook to 2035, presenting scenarios to reduce the GHG emissions of the battery value chain through technological developments, improvements in manufacturing and the establishment of circularity. References [1] Kallitsis, E., Lander, L., Edge, J., Bravo Diaz, L., Brown, A., Kelsall, G., Offer, G., Korre, A., 2022. Safe and sustainable lithium-ion batteries. Imperial College London-Energy Futures Lab. [2] Kallitsis, E., Lindsay, J., Chordia, M., Wu, B., Offer, G., Edge, J. , 2023. Think global act local: the dependency of global lithium-ion battery emissions on production location and material sources. Preprint available at Research Square. [3] Kallitsis, E., Korre, A. and Kelsall, G.H., 2022. Life cycle assessment of recycling options for automotive Li-ion battery packs. Journal of Cleaner Production, 371, p.133636.

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Fitra, Fitra, Trisna Mesra, Nuryasin Abdillah, et al. "INOVASI EKONOMI KREATIF MELALUI PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN SABUN CUCI PIRING DI PKK RT 06 KELURAHAN JAYA MUKTI KOTA DUMAI." Diklat Review : Jurnal manajemen pendidikan dan pelatihan 8, no. 1 (2024): 196–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.35446/diklatreview.v8i1.1802.

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The dish soap-making training conducted for the women of PKK RT 06 in Kelurahan Jaya Mukti, Kecamatan Dumai Timur, aimed to enhance their skills and knowledge in the creative economy sector. The activity involved 40 participants and included both theoretical and practical sessions, where participants were taught about ingredients, the soap-making process, and safety and hygiene techniques. The training results showed significant improvements in participants' knowledge and skills. Before the training, most participants lacked basic knowledge of dish soap-making. After the training, they were able to independently produce high-quality soap. This training also strengthened the camaraderie and cooperation among PKK members. However, participants faced challenges in sourcing raw materials. To address this, future training should focus on practical solutions such as providing information on affordable raw material sources and marketing strategies. The sustainability of this training is crucial, with government and stakeholder support needed to help participants develop their dish soap businesses sustainably. This training demonstrates that with the right methods and high motivation, the community can develop new skills beneficial for improving family economies.

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Hamilton, Marcus J., Briggs Buchanan, Bruce B. Huckell, Vance T. Holliday, M. Steven Shackley, and Matthew E. Hill. "Clovis Paleoecology and Lithic Technology in the Central Rio Grande Rift Region, New Mexico." American Antiquity 78, no. 2 (2013): 248–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.7183/0002-7316.78.2.248.

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AbstractClovis sites occur throughout the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico, but are poorly documented in the central Rio Grande rift region. Here, we present data from two relatively unknown Clovis projectile point assemblages from this region: the first is from the Mockingbird Gap Clovis site and the second is from a survey of the surrounding region. Our goals are to reconstruct general features of the paleoecological adaptation of Clovis populations in the region using raw material sourcing and then to compare the point technology in the region to other Clovis assemblages in the Southwest and across the continent. Our results show that both assemblages were manufactured from similar suites of raw materials that come almost exclusively from the central Rio Grande rift region and the adjacent mountains of New Mexico. Additionally, we show that Clovis projectile points in the study region are significantly smaller than the continental average. Our results suggest that Clovis populations in this region operated within a large, well-known, and relatively high-elevation territory encompassing much of northern and western New Mexico.

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Mandiringana, Mary, Mutinta Matakala, Ngoy Patrick Mwanabute, Justine Ngoma, and Elisha Ncube. "Analysis of the factors limiting the performance of small-to-medium scale sawmills in the copperbelt of Zambia." BioResources 17, no. 1 (2021): 369–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.17.1.369-383.

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Small-to-medium scale softwood sawmills in the Copperbelt of Zambia are operating below 50% capacity. The timber supply is uncertain as demand continues to increase in tandem with economic activities and population growth. This study identified the financial, i.e., access to finance and operating costs, and non-financial, i.e., raw material, transport, skilled labor, and sawn timber recovery, as the limiting factors affecting performance. The authors benchmarked various financial ratios, i.e., gross profit margin, net profit margin, return on investment, return on capital employed, and working capital turnover, of the small-scale sawmills compiled from survey data with the average industry ratios. Raw material is the most limiting factor affecting profitability/success of small-scale sawmills. A Cobb-Douglas model demonstrated that sawn timber recovery depends on operator skills, particularly in non-automatic machinery, which are common. Strategies currently employed are value addition, multiple sourcing, equipment acquisition and modernization, and labor cost reduction. Measures proposed to enhance profitability are credit guarantee schemes, collaboration, tax reduction, lesser-used timber utilization, and timber auction floor.

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Liu, Dan, Shu Ming Wen, Yong Jun Xian, Hai Ying Shen, Shao Jun Bai, and Hai Lei Zheng. "Comprehensive Utilization of Pyrite with High Content of Asrenic." Advanced Materials Research 524-527 (May 2012): 965–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.524-527.965.

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A technology of “arsenic removing- sulfuric acid producing- residuals for ironmaking” is proposed for comprehensive utilization of pyrite with high content of arsenic. The effect of roasting temperature and time on arsenic removing was investigated. The arsenic removed residuals obtained under the optimal arsenic removed conditions, was used to be proceeded for sulphur volatilization test. The results demonstrate that final residuals with 63.53% of Fe can be used for steel industry. This technology can be used to fully utilize sulphur and produce high quality concentrate as iron-bearing feed for steel industry, which will help to reduce the pollution of arsenic and extend raw material sourcing for Chinese steel industry.

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Schroeder, Horst, and Manfred Lemke. "Sustainability of earth building materials - Environmental product declarations as an instrument of competition in building material industry." VITRUVIO - International Journal of Architectural Technology and Sustainability, no. 1 (December 29, 2015): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/vitruvio-ijats.2015.4474.

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The evaluation of the building process in terms of their environmental impact in all life cycle phases of a building leads to the key principle of sustainable building: the analysis of the life cycle of the materials used in a building. The goal of this analysis is to reduce waste and keep the environmental impact as low as possible by “closing” the cycle. During an inventory, the entire life cycle is assessed. This includes the sourcing and extracting of the raw material, the use of the raw material to produce building products, elements and structures, the use in finished buildings including emission of pollutants, decay and maintenance, and, finally, the demolition of the building and the recycling of the demolition materials. Transportation between the individual phases as well as production-related material and energy flows are also included in this evaluation.Several European and national norms and regulations define core rules and a special instrument for the evaluation of the sustainable quality of a building product based on a quantitative analysis of the life cycle of the materials used in a building: the Environmental Product Declaration EPD. These documents are voluntary standards, commitments or guarantees for building products. They are provided by producers, organizations and quality assurance associations in order to establish the “environmental performance” of buildings in the form of a certificate. Such declarations must fully include all phases of the life cycle of a product by describing the environmental impact during production and use as well as possible health hazards for the users.Until now, EPDs for earth building products do not exist. This paper will give current information about a project for developing EPDs for earth mortars and earth blocks started by the German Dachverband Lehm e.V. (DVL).

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Kekes, Tryfon, Fotini Drosou, Nived R. Nair, et al. "Ecodesign of a Legume-Based Vegan Burger: A Holistic Case Study Focusing on Ingredient Sourcing and Packaging Material." Sustainability 17, no. 12 (2025): 5243. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17125243.

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The growing need for healthy and sustainable food alternatives has led to a rapid increase in vegan burgers on the market. Specifically, plant-based burgers using legumes as a protein substitute are amongst the most widespread choices for consumers. While these products can offer environmental benefits over traditional meat-based options, further optimization in both ecological and economic aspects can be achieved. This study conducted a life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle costing (LCC) analysis to evaluate and optimize the environmental and economic life cycle of a legume-based vegan burger. LCA was performed in accordance with the recommendations of the ISO 14040 and 14044 series, and ReCiPe 2016 Hierarchist served as the impact assessment methodology. For this purpose, a base case scenario, relying on imported raw materials and conventional packaging for a legume-based vegan burger, was established to serve as the comparison benchmark, and various alternative scenarios were examined, focusing on minimizing the distance between cultivation and processing areas for key legume ingredients and improving packaging materials. The results indicate that reducing transportation distances for raw ingredients and using bio-polyethylene packaging significantly enhance sustainability. Specifically, the legume-based vegan burger of the base case scenario had a carbon footprint of 1.30 kg CO2 eq. and a total life cycle cost of EUR 2.43 per two pieces. In contrast, the optimized scenario, which incorporated shorter transportation distances and bio-polyethylene packaging, achieved a carbon footprint of 0.51 kg CO2 eq. and a reduced cost of EUR 2.37. The findings of the present work highlight the potential for further environmental and economic improvements in vegan burger production through logistics optimization and selection of climate-friendly packaging solutions, thus contributing to sustainable development.

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Evans, A. A., J. L. Langer, R. E. Donahue, Y. B. Wolframm, and W. A. Lovis. "Lithic raw material sourcing and the assessment of Mesolithic landscape organization and mobility strategies in northern England." Holocene 20, no. 7 (2010): 1157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683610369500.

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Bos, Harriëtte L., and Johan P. M. Sanders. "Raw material demand and sourcing options for the development of a bio-based chemical industry in Europe." Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining 7, no. 3 (2013): 246–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bbb.1388.

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Sanders, Johan PM, and Harriëtte L. Bos. "Raw material demand and sourcing options for the development of a bio-based chemical industry in Europe." Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining 7, no. 3 (2013): 260–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bbb.1392.

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Gehres, Benjamin, and Guirec Querré. "Analysis of mica inclusions using LA-ICP-MS: A new approach for sourcing raw material of ceramics." Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 21 (October 2018): 912–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2017.05.018.

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Wragg Sykes, Rebecca M., and Manuel Will. "Guest editorial – Silcrete as a lithic raw material in global context: Geology, sourcing and prehistoric techno-economics." Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 15 (October 2017): 492–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2017.08.010.

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Suma, Tagadur, Byadarahalli Somashekhar, and Kaliamoorthy Ravikumar. "Many Modes of Making Plant Drug Commodities." Journal of Non Timber Forest Products 25, no. 4 (2018): 185–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps2000-2018-jkl6j0.

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World over there is an immense demand for Traditional Medicine, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, natural products. The rampantly growing industry and interests of consumers have resulted in excessive demand of the botanical materials for manufacturing products. The major challenges herbal industries are facing relates to quality assurance, use of authenticated raw materials, conforming to the regulations, sourcing of botanicals, processing protocols and more. To meet the ever increasing demand, supply chain inturn bargains on the quality material which has a cascading effect on the quality of Traditional formulations. In the process, during shortfall, it is observed that alternatives/ substitutes and context based aberrations areidentified and supplied to fulfilthe demand. This has obviously affected the Quality Assurance of the traditional formulations and the credibility. The article is a revelation of a market study in southern India related to botanical trade w.r.t to the making of different commodities at regional levels. Here attempts to define the various commodities based on biological and non-biological factors is undertaken and examples shared.

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Xu, Fan. "The Analysis of the Application of Using Nanoceramic Oxides in Fire-resistant Coatings." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 73 (November 29, 2023): 268–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v73i.12985.

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The increased demand for enhanced fire safety in various industries has spurred interest in the properties and applications of nanoceramic oxide materials. This paper provides a thorough examination of the fundamental attributes of nanoceramic oxides, showcasing their exceptional temperature, corrosion, and wear resistance. The paper discusses synthesis methods like evaporation condensation, high-energy mechanical ball milling, and both vapor and liquid phase chemical techniques. The paper further explicates the underlying mechanisms that enable fire-resistant coatings to retard flames, highlighting thermal insulation, intumescence, and more. Of significance is the potential of nanoceramic oxides to augment the performance of these coatings, evidenced by applications like tunnel fire retardant coatings and steel structure coatings that integrate materials such as Mg (OH)2, nano-SiO2, and TiO2. While challenges in raw material sourcing, eco-friendliness, production, and expertise arise, solutions are proposed. Conclusively, the study underscores the transformative potential of nanoceramic oxides in the realm of fire-resistant coatings, pushing boundaries in fire safety across sectors.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Raw material sourcing'

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