Journal articles: 'Ray Rice'

1

Christensen, M. Candace, Emmett Gill, and Alfred Pérez. "The Ray Rice Domestic Violence Case." Journal of Sport and Social Issues 40, no. 5 (August 2016): 363–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193723516655576.

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ISHII, Hideshi, Naoki SATO, Motonobu KAWANO, Takamasa MESAKI, and Jun KAWAI. "X-ray Fluorescence Analysis of Rice and Rice Bran with a Dry Battery X-ray Generator." BUNSEKI KAGAKU 54, no. 4 (2005): 321–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/bunsekikagaku.54.321.

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Costa, D. S., J. Kodde, and S. P. C. Groot. "Chlorophyll fluorescence and X-ray analyses to characterise and improve paddy rice seed quality." Seed Science and Technology 42, no. 3 (December 1, 2014): 449–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15258/sst.2014.42.3.11.

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Odek, Zephania R., Bhagwati Prakash, and Terry J. Siebenmorgen. "X-Ray Detection of Fissures in Rough Rice Kernels." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 33, no. 5 (2017): 721–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.12369.

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Abstract. X-ray imaging is a viable method of fissure detection in rough rice kernels owing to the ability of X-rays to penetrate hulls, thus allowing visualization of internal rice kernel structure. Traditional methods of fissure detection are only applicable for brown and milled rice, and therefore cannot be used to study fissures developed during rough rice drying. In this study, the fissure detection capability of an X-ray system was evaluated and the relationship between head rice yield (HRY), as measured through laboratory milling, and the percentage of fissured rough rice kernels was determined. Long-grain rice lots of various cultivars were dried using heated air at 60°C, 10% relative humidity (RH) for five drying durations to produce different degrees of fissuring, and then milled to determine HRY. A strong linear correlation (R2 = 0.95) between HRY and the percentage of fissured rough rice kernels after drying was determined. This correlation confirms the substantial impact that kernel fissures have on milling yields. Overall, these findings show the effectiveness of X-ray imaging in rough rice fissure detection, which could allow for drying research that may provide a better understanding of kernel fissuring kinetics. Keywords: Fissures, Grainscope, Head rice yield, Rice drying, X-ray imaging.

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Shi, Hu, Terry J. Siebenmorgen, Hengliang Luo, and Zephania Odek. "Fissure Detection and Measurement in Rough Rice Using X-Ray Imaging." Transactions of the ASABE 62, no. 4 (2019): 859–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.13043.

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Abstract. Fissures in rice kernels that develop prior to harvest and post-harvest processing significantly reduce head rice yield, a crucial parameter for evaluating rice quality and economic value in the rice industry. In this study, fissures in rough rice were revealed by scanning approximately 50 rough rice kernels at a time using an x-ray system. An algorithm was developed to detect and measure fissures in rough rice kernels in the x-ray images using the Python programming language coupled with the OpenCV library. This algorithm successfully segmented individual rice kernels in the x-ray images using the gap-filling method. The algorithm detected fissures by adaptive thresholding of each rice kernel and applying a series of filters. Data on kernel parameters (number, area, length, and width) and fissure parameters (percentage of kernels fissured and fissure number, area, and length per kernel) were produced for the images to characterize kernel size and fissuring levels of the rice sample. This algorithm demonstrated good repeatability in measuring kernel and fissure parameters, with relative standard deviations of less than 4% and 9%, respectively. The accuracy of the developed algorithm in measuring fissures was validated by visual inspection of rough rice, with a deviation of less than 2% in percentage of kernels fissured. The fissure detection and measurement algorithm provides a useful tool for quantifying fissures in rough rice samples using x-ray imaging. This information could be used to quantify fissuring levels and predict head rice yield for rough rice samples without a cumbersome milling process. Keywords: Cracks, Fissure, Imaging, Rice, X-ray.

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6

Cascio, Payal, and Lincoln Geraghty. "Communication theoretical implications of the Ray Rice controversy." Cogent Arts & Humanities 3, no. 1 (June 21, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23311983.2016.1194247.

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Baiya, Supaporn, Salila Pengthaisong, and James Cairns. "Crystallization and X-ray diffraction analysis of rice Os4BGlu18." Journal of Applied Science 16, no. 2 (December 6, 2017): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.14416/j.appsci.2017.10.001.

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Chauhan, G. S., P. Sharma, and G. S. Bains. "Effect of Extrusion Cooking on X‐Ray Diffraction Characteristics of Rice and Rice–Legume Blends." International Journal of Food Properties 6, no. 1 (January 3, 2003): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/jfp-120016629.

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9

Melo, Carolina Resmini, A. C. Francisco, Nivaldo C. Kuhnen, Márcio Roberto da Rocha, A. R. Melo, Humberto Gracher Riella, and Elídio Angioletto. "Production of Zeolite from Rice Husk Ash." Materials Science Forum 798-799 (June 2014): 617–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.798-799.617.

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The use of waste to development of products has been an increasingly routine practice today. In this work was used rice husk ash from combustion boiler for energy for synthesis of sodium silicate. The silicate was obtained by means of ash fusion with sodium hydroxide at a temperature of 1200°C for 2 hours. For the synthesis of 4A-zeolite was performed hydrothermal reaction of sodium silicate, previously obtained with sodium aluminate and sodium hydroxide. The zeolite obtained was characterized by X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The results have indicated the formation of 4A-zeolite.

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Sahu, S., M. Ghosh, and D. K. Bhattacharyya. "Utilization of unsaponifiable matter from rice bran oil fatty acid distillate for preparing an antioxidant-rich oleogel and evaluation of its properties." Grasas y Aceites 71, no. 1 (January 14, 2020): 336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/gya.0938182.

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Rice bran oil fatty acid distillate (RBOFAD) is an important by-product obtained from the physical refining process. This fatty acid distillate contains high a amount of Unsaponifiable Matter (γ-oryzanol 3.27 gm/100gm UM; total tocopherol 10.93 mg/100 g UM; total phytosterol 21.81 g/100g UM; squalene 1.15 g/100 g UM and total fatty alcohol 73.34 g/100 g UM) and free fatty acids. Antioxidant-rich Oleogels were obtained from rice bran wax (RBW), rice bran oil fatty acid distillate (RBOFAD) and refined rice bran oil. The main objective of this study was to utilize the antioxidant-rich unsaponifiable matter of RBOFAD (UMRBOFAD) as an organogelator along with rice bran wax, which also acts as a good organogelator. Antioxidant-rich oleogel was prepared using UMRBFAD, ethylcellulose (EC) and RBW at 2%, 2%, 3% on weight basis, respectively, in refined rice bran oil and this antioxidant-rich oleogel was compared with rice bran oil oleogel using RBW at 7% on weight basis of rice bran oil. These oleogels were evaluated using a combination of techniques such as differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarized light microscopy (PLM), Viscosity, synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction (SR-XRD) and FTIR Spectroscopy. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measured the thermal properties of rice bran oil oleogel and high antioxidant-rich oleogel. Polarized light microscopy images revealed needle-like crystals for RBW. SR-XRD measurements were used for clarification of the crystal structures of the building blocks of these oleogels. The antioxidant activities of oleogels were evaluated involving DPPH and ABTS assays.

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Akasaki, J. L., E. J. Silva, L. C. Sousa, J. L. P. Melges, M. M. Tashima, and J. Payá. "Variables Involved in the Planting of Rice in the Rice Husk." Key Engineering Materials 517 (June 2012): 430–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.517.430.

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Rice production in Brazil in 2010 was approximately 12,2 million tons, and to reach that amount several planting techniques were used with different strains of rice in different rice-growing areas. Since Rice Husk Ash (RHA) is the pozzolan of vegetable origin most studied by researchers working in the area of pozzolanic materials, the present paper evaluates the influence that the form of planting, the climate, the soil, the strain of rice and the origin/amount of nitrogen-based fertilizers used in rice cultivation has on the chemical composition and crystallographic properties of RHA. The results obtained in this paper, confirm the importance of carrying out routine chemical analysis and X-Ray diffraction to maintain the quality control of the CCAs produced, because in situations of large-scale production, husks of different origins may be used.

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P. A. Kumar and S. Bal. "Automatic Unhulled Rice Grain Crack Detection by X-Ray Imaging." Transactions of the ASABE 50, no. 5 (2007): 1907–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.23928.

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13

Yu, Y., and J. Wang. "Modeling Equilibrium Moisture Content of γ-Ray Irradiated Rough Rice." Drying Technology 24, no. 5 (June 2006): 671–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07373930600626693.

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14

Sun, Qing Jie, Zhao Li Zhang, Liu Xiong, and Lei Dai. "Studies of Rice Flour Gelation in the Processing of Rice Noodles." Advanced Materials Research 634-638 (January 2013): 1518–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.634-638.1518.

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Rice starch played an important role in the processing of rice noodles. There were significant differences in physicochemical properties such as gelatinization, swelling power, RVA paste viscosities and textural properties between rice flour and rice starch. Spectroscopic properties and crystalline properties of rice flour and rice noodles were studied by fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results revealed that rice starch played an important role in the preparation of rice noodles. Rice protein could affect the pasting properties and textural properties of rice flour. XRD results showed during rice noodles preparation, rice starch crystal type changed from A-type to V-type. Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) results showed that in the processing of rice noodles, the crystalline structure re-formed which indicated some amylopectin were associated orderly. We conclude that both amylose and amylopectin were associated during the processing of rice noodles.

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15

Muzni, Nur Haslinda Mohamed, Noorina Hidayu Jamil, Faizul Che Pa, and Wan Mohd Arif. "Effect of Acid Leaching on Different State of Rice Husk." Materials Science Forum 1010 (September 2020): 532–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1010.532.

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Rice husks (RH) are agricultural wastes available abundantly in rice producing country. A by-product obtained from combustion of rice husk is rice husk ash (RHA) which is rich in silica (SiO2) contents. This paper focused on the effect of acid leaching treatment on rice husk to produce high-purity silica. There are 4 different states of conditions involved; raw rice husk (RRH), treated rice husk (TRH), rice husk ash (RHA), and treated rice husk ash (TRHA). Citric acid; C6H8O7 was used as a leaching agent. TRH and TRHA was leached to see whether treated rice husk before combustion (TRH) or treated rice husk after combustion (TRHA) will produce more high-purity silica. Chemical composition analysis shows high amorphous silica content which is 98.47% with low metallic impurities at 1.0M C6H8O7, 70 oC for treated rice husk (TRH). X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern shows the presence of amorphous silica in treated rice husk (TRH) and crystalline silica in treated rice husk ash (TRHA). Fragmentation of TRH into small pieces after acid leaching is seen where there is significant increase in the exposed surface areas. High-purity amorphous silica with more than 98% was prepared via citric acid leaching treatment and combustion process.

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16

Son, Nguyen Truong. "RICE STRAW CELLULOSE AEROGELS." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 56, no. 2A (June 21, 2018): 118–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/56/2a/12639.

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In this study, cellulose was obtained from rice straw by dewaxing with Soxhlet extraction and treating with sodium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide. The obtained cellulose was used to successfully fabricate cellulose aerogels with a binder by freeze drying technique. The materials were then functionalized with methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) to achieve hydrophobicity. The morphology, pore structure and other properties of the aerogels were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetrical analysis (TGA), thermal conductivity and water contact angle (WCA) measurements. The rice straw cellulose aerogels exhibited very low specific density (0.0412-0.0470 g/cm3), high porosity (> 96 %), superhydrophobicity (WCA > 137o) and low thermal conductivity (0.034-0.036 W/(m.K)). The aerogels showed good oil adsorption capacity of 15.66-16.09 g/g.

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17

Pereira, M. L. G., D. S. S. Figueira, B. R. Girolamo, and F. Vernilli. "Synthesis of silicon carbide from rice husk." Cerâmica 66, no. 379 (September 2020): 256–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0366-69132020663792892.

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Abstract This is a study about the synthesis of SiC from rice husk. The SiC production was carried out in two stages, the first one being the rice husk carbonization under vacuum, at the temperature range from 270 to 650 °C, and the second stage was the pyrolysis of the carbonized rice husk, at the temperature range from 1300 to 1800 °C and 120 min isotherms. The rice husk was characterized by X-ray fluorescence, and the reaction products were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The temperature influence on pyrolysis was demonstrated. SiC formation occurred in samples treated over 1600 °C, while at lower temperatures, it was possible to observe the secondary formation of cristobalite, tridymite, and quartz. In this study, it was possible to calculate the yield of SiC production as a function of the pyrolysis temperature of the carbonized rice husk.

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Jaihlong, Thossapon, Nittaya Jaitanong, and Suparut Narksitipan. "Characterization of Cement-Rice Husk Ash Composites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 866 (June 2017): 187–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.866.187.

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In present research, the cement-rice husk ash composites were prepared and characterized. The samples were added fiber optic and rice husk ash was used as replacement cementitious materials at 10, 20, 30 and 40 wt% of portland cement. The samples were demolded after 24 h casting and cured in saturated lime water for 3 days. After these periods, the samples were wrapped with plastics films for 7 and 28 days. Then, samples were dried in air for 24 h. The chemical compositin of portland cement and rice husk ash were characterized by using x-ray fluorence spectrometry (XRF). Additionally, dried samples were analysized phase compositions and crystalline structure by using x-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The chemical element compositions and microstructure were detected by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Moreover, The effect of rice husk ash in these cement composites were investigated in this research.

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Odek, Zephania R., Terry J. Siebenmorgen, and Andronikos Mauromoustakos. "Relative Impact of Kernel Thickness and Moisture Content on Rice Fissuring during Drying." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 34, no. 1 (2018): 239–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.12513.

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Abstract.Individual kernel thickness and moisture content (MC) vary within rice panicles. These variations affect the drying characteristics of rice kernels and consequently, the milling yield. This study utilized an X-ray system augmented with an in-situ rice drying apparatus that enabled fissure detection in rough rice kernels during drying and tempering. Rough rice kernels of two long-grain cultivars (Roy J and CL XL745), each at two MC levels (20% and 16%, w.b.), were fractionated into three thickness fractions (thin <1.98 mm, medium 1.98 - 2.03 mm, and thick >2.03 mm). Kernels from each of the 12 sub-lots were dried and tempered under controlled air conditions. Fissured kernel percentages (FKP) were determined from X-ray images taken before, during, and after drying and tempering. Kernel thickness and MC both affected moisture desorption fissuring. Generally, as kernel thickness increased, the FKP increased for high-MC lots. In regards to MC, high-MC lots were more prone to fissuring than the low-MC lots. Overall, these findings highlight the role of kernel properties on fissuring during drying. Keywords: Kernel fissuring, Kernel thickness, Moisture content, Rice drying, X-ray imaging.

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Asmi, Dwi, Anne Zulfia Syahrial, and Muhammad Badaruddin. "Improvement High Purity Biogenic Amorphous SiO₂ Derived from Rice Husk Ash: Synthesis and its Characterization." Materials Science Forum 1029 (May 2021): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1029.175.

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In this work a simple process for the production of high purity biogenic amorphous SiO2 derived from rice husk ash have been studied. Rice husk ash obtained from heat treatment of rice husk and citric acid leaching of rice husk at 700 o C for 6 h. Improvement of purity SiO2 from rice husk ash conducted by precipitation technique. The precipitated SiO2 particles obtained were characterized by x-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The XRF result shows that the high purity of biogenic amorphous SiO2 obtained is 99.258 %. The XRD result shows the silica have amorphous phase and for the FTIR results shows bending and stretching vibration of Si-O and Si-O-Si.

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Dang, Nhung Thi Thuy, Trinh Thi Ai Nguyen, Tuan Dinh Phan, Hoa Tran, Phu Van Dang, and Hien Quoc Nguyen. "Synthesis of silica nanoparticles from rice husk ash." Science and Technology Development Journal 20, K7 (November 27, 2018): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v20ik7.1211.

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Silica nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) were synthesized from rice husk ash (RHA) by chemical treatment and calcination. The size of SiO2 NPs evaluated by transmission electron microscope (TEM) was of 20 - 50 nm and the size distribution of SiO2 NPs measured by dynamic laser scattering (DLS) was of Gaussian mode. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern with only one peak at 2θ ~ 220 confirmed the amorphous phase of SiO2 NPs. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and energydispersive X-ray (EDX) spectra were also used to evaluate the functional groups and the purity of SiO2 NPs. The SiO2 NPs powder with high purity could be suitably produced by calcination of acid treated RHA at 7000C for 2h. The obtained SiO2 NPs product can be potentially used for numerous purposes of application, especially as filler in paints.

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Zarib, Noratiqah Syahirah Mohd, Shahrul Azam Abdullah, and Nurul Nazira Ishak. "Extraction of Silica from Rice Husk and Bamboo Leaves and its Effect on the Ceramic Body Glazing Process." Applied Mechanics and Materials 899 (June 2020): 156–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.899.156.

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Rice husk and bamboo leaves are types of agricultural wastes that can easily be found around the world. Rice husk contains over 60 % of organic silica while silica bamboo leaves extract consist of more than 70 % silica content. Parameters such as concentration of acid and weight percentage of rice husk and bamboo leaves used during acid leaching method were also compared. In this paper, citric acid (C6H8O7) was used for production of silica from rice husk and bamboo leaves. Samples were characterized using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope Energy Dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (FESEM / EDX). The performance of glaze on ceramic will be analyzed by undergoes hardness testing. The result indicates that highest percentage silica of rice husk and bamboo leaves after leaching was on 1.0M.

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Hu, Weijuan, Can Zhang, Yuqiang Jiang, Chenglong Huang, Qian Liu, Lizhong Xiong, Wanneng Yang, and Fan Chen. "Nondestructive 3D Image Analysis Pipeline to Extract Rice Grain Traits Using X-Ray Computed Tomography." Plant Phenomics 2020 (May 2, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2020/3414926.

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The traits of rice panicles play important roles in yield assessment, variety classification, rice breeding, and cultivation management. Most traditional grain phenotyping methods require threshing and thus are time-consuming and labor-intensive; moreover, these methods cannot obtain 3D grain traits. In this work, based on X-ray computed tomography, we proposed an image analysis method to extract twenty-two 3D grain traits. After 104 samples were tested, the R2 values between the extracted and manual measurements of the grain number and grain length were 0.980 and 0.960, respectively. We also found a high correlation between the total grain volume and weight. In addition, the extracted 3D grain traits were used to classify the rice varieties, and the support vector machine classifier had a higher recognition accuracy than the stepwise discriminant analysis and random forest classifiers. In conclusion, we developed a 3D image analysis pipeline to extract rice grain traits using X-ray computed tomography that can provide more 3D grain information and could benefit future research on rice functional genomics and rice breeding.

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Kosami, Ken-ichi, Izuru Ohki, Kokoro Hayashi, Ryo Tabata, Sayaka Usugi, Tsutomu Kawasaki, Toshimichi Fujiwara, Atsushi Nakagawa, Ko Shimamoto, and Chojiro Kojima. "Purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic analysis of a rice Rac/Rop GTPase, OsRac1." Acta Crystallographica Section F Structural Biology Communications 70, no. 1 (December 24, 2013): 113–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053230x13033645.

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Phuttawong, Rimruthai, Napat Chantaramee, Pusit Pookmanee, and Ratchadaporn Puntharod. "Synthesis and Characterization of Calcium Silicate from Rice Husk Ash and Shell of Snail Pomacea canaliculata by Solid State Reaction." Advanced Materials Research 1103 (May 2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1103.1.

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Calcium silicate was successfully synthesized using agricultural byproduct such as rice husk ash and shell of snail namely Pomacea canaliculata by solid state reaction. Chemical composition of silica in rice husk ash and calcium oxide in shell were 91.50 and 98.25%, respectively by X-ray fluorescent determination. The rice husk ash and shell in molar ratio of 1:1 were milled for 5-8 hr and calcined at 800-1000 °C for 2 hr. The Fourier transforms infrared spectra and X-ray diffractometry pattern were confirmed the formation of calcium silicate as the milling time increased.

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Tang, Xiao Hong, Bao Jun Li, and Cheng Wei Li. "Rice Straw and Rice Straw Ash as Precursor for Synthesis of Mesoporous Molecular Sieves MCM-41." Advanced Materials Research 550-553 (July 2012): 1391–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.550-553.1391.

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In this paper, rice straw (RS) and rice straw ash (RSA) were employed to synthesize mesoporous molecular sieves MCM-41 in an open-vessel. The structure of as-synthesized MCM-41 was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern, Fourier transform infrared (FT–IR) spectrum, NH3-Temperature Programmed Desorption (TPD), and N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms. RS-MCM-41 and RSA-MCM-41 possess the same typical hexagonal mesoporous structure with high long-range order and crystalline degree as those of MCM-41 from water glass (SDS-MCM-41).

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Ling, Yongsheng, Song Hu, Ting Chen, Guang Wang, Xionghui Fei, Hongxiao Wang, Wenbao Jia, Qing Shan, Daqian Hei, and Huajun Feng. "Enhancement of dehydration performance of rice waste by gamma-ray irradiation." Radiation Physics and Chemistry 172 (July 2020): 108819. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2020.108819.

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Jhala, Vibhuti M., and Vrinda S. Thaker. "X-ray computed tomography to study rice (Oryza sativaL.) panicle development." Journal of Experimental Botany 66, no. 21 (August 11, 2015): 6819–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erv387.

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Patel, M. "X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic studies on silicon carbide from rice husk." X-Ray Spectrometry 18, no. 5 (October 1989): 215–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/xrs.1300180507.

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Ando, A., and R. Montalván. "Gamma-Ray Radiation and Sodium Azide (NaN3) Mutagenic Efficiency in Rice." Cropp Breeding and Applied Biotechnology 1, no. 4 (December 31, 2001): 339–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.13082/1984-7033.v01n04a02.

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Fujimoto, Zui, Osamu Kobayashi, Satoshi Kaneko, Mitsuru Momma, Hideyuki Kobayashi, and Hiroshi Mizuno. "Crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic studies of rice α-galactosidase." Acta Crystallographica Section D Biological Crystallography 58, no. 8 (July 20, 2002): 1374–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0907444902010168.

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Ikram, Nazma, and M. Akhter. "X-ray diffraction analysis of silicon prepared from rice husk ash." Journal of Materials Science 23, no. 7 (July 1988): 2379–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01111891.

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Towata, Shin-ichi, Akitoshi Ito, Satoshi Komiya, Ken-ichiro Yamamoto, Nobuyuki Sugiyama, Yuuki Nakanishi, and Yasuhiro Sakuma. "Rice starch for brewing sake: Characterization by synchrotron X-ray scattering." Journal of Cereal Science 85 (January 2019): 249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcs.2018.12.013.

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Wang, Shengxiang, Dajiang Wang, Qiao Wu, Kun Gao, Zhili Wang, and Ziyu Wu. "3D imaging of a rice pollen grain using transmission X-ray microscopy." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 22, no. 4 (June 26, 2015): 1091–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577515009716.

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For the first time, the three-dimensional (3D) ultrastructure of an intact rice pollen cell has been obtained using a full-field transmission hard X-ray microscope operated in Zernike phase contrast mode. After reconstruction and segmentation from a series of projection images, complete 3D structural information of a 35 µm rice pollen grain is presented at a resolution of ∼100 nm. The reconstruction allows a clear differentiation of various subcellular structures within the rice pollen grain, including aperture, lipid body, mitochondrion, nucleus and vacuole. Furthermore, quantitative information was obtained about the distribution of cytoplasmic organelles and the volume percentage of each kind of organelle. These results demonstrate that transmission X-ray microscopy can be quite powerful for non-destructive investigation of 3D structures of whole eukaryotic cells.

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Lux, Alexander, Miroslava Luxová, Shigenori Morita, Jun Abe, and Shinobu Inanaga. "Endodermal silicification in developing seminal roots of lowland and upland cultivars of rice (Oryza sativa L.)." Canadian Journal of Botany 77, no. 7 (November 5, 1999): 955–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b99-043.

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Silica deposition in two upland rice cultivars, IRAT 109 and Moroberekan, and one lowland rice cultivar, Koshihikari, were compared. X-ray microanalysis coupled with environmental scanning electron microscopy was used to examine fresh, unfixed, hydrated samples for analyses. The results showed silica deposition in seminal roots exclusively in endodermal cells. A clear basipetal increase in Si content was found in the endodermis of all cultivars. Comparison of silicification intensity between the three cultivars showed higher amounts of Si deposited in the endodermis of upland rice cultivars. This might be related to a higher drought resistance of these types of rice. In leaves, silica deposits were present in all epidermal cells with the highest concentration in silica cells. The amount of Si deposited in leaves was several times higher than in the root endodermis. No relationship between extent of leaf epidermal silicification was found when lowland and upland cultivars were compared.Key words: endodermis, environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM), rice, root, silica deposits, X-ray microanalysis.

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Sweeney, Kristi, Megan Schramm-Possinger, Elizabeth A. Gregg, and Harriet Stranahan. "Predicting Consumer Commitment: A Case Study of the NFL and Ray Rice." Case Studies in Sport Management 5, no. 1 (2016): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/cssm.2015-0048.

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This case explores the potential implications of the National Football League’s (NFL) domestic violence problem. The purpose of this case study is to introduce students to logistic regression analysis. The case uses this method to address if the NFL’s Ray Rice domestic violence scandal will impact consumer behavior and loyalty toward the league. Given the significant role loyalty and retention has on profitability, the case investigates whether the Rice incident influenced fan decision-making, paying close attention to female consumers. The framework of analysis considers fan perceptions of the Ray Rice domestic violence scandal and the league’s response as potential deterrents of NFL game attendance and consumption of league media. Students will consider a variety of predictors, such as gender, age, and fan perception of the league’s domestic violence problem, in an attempt to yield insight into the possible influence of the Rice events on the commitment level of NFL fans. This case study is intended for use in research methods and assumes knowledge of regression analysis. However, in the event an instructor does not wish to run a logistic regression analysis, descriptive statistics could be used to detect patterns of responses that illustrate variance in fans’ perceptions of how consumer behavior may be affected by domestic violence issues.

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Souza, R. P. A., F. V. Motta, R. G. Carvalho, W. Acchar, E. Harima, R. Maribondo, and C. A. Paskocimas. "Obtaining Ceramic Filter from Rice Husk and Kaolinitic Clay." Materials Science Forum 802 (December 2014): 232–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.802.232.

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In this study, different compositions based on rice husk carbon and kaolinitic clay aimed at obtaining ceramic filter were studied. Three compositions of 40, 60 and 80% rice husk of the total mass were prepared. The specimens were uniaxially compressed in rectangular shape at pressure of 28 MPa and were sintered at temperatures of 1100oC, 1150oC and 1200oC for 1 h. The sintered samples were characterized according to standard technique for linear shrinkage, water absorption, apparent porosity and flexural strength. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was also performed to check the average pore size, and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) to verify existing crystalline phases, chemical analysis and mercury porosimetry. The X-ray diffraction results showed mostly alpha quartz peaks and mullite after sintering. Mercury porosimetry showed porosity of 44.33% and average pore size of approximately 8.33 μm for sample with 60% rice husk sintered at 1200°C.

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Ajeel, Sami A., Khalid A. Sukkar, and Naser K. Zedin. "Chemical Extraction Process for Producing High Purity Nanosilica from Iraqi Rice Husk." Engineering and Technology Journal 39, no. 1A (January 25, 2021): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.30684/etj.v39i1a.1696.

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Rice husk is considered a main agricultural waste in Iraq. High purity SiO2 NPs were produced from rice husk by enhanced precipitation and developed leaching processes for the preparation of silica from RH. In this study, pre-treatment for rice husk was with 3N HCl, and calcination at 700°C was achieved, then followed with a leaching process with (1.5, 2, 2.5, 3) N NaOH concentrations. The characterizations of the prepared SiO2 NPs were studied by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results show that the prepared SiO2 NPs have an amorphous structure with a high purity of 99.75%. The results of the X-Ray confirm the amorphous nature of the extracted SiO2 NPs. Also, the AFM results indicated that the average diameter of the SiO2 NPs was 85 nm. It was noted that the leaching processes and pretreatment methods determine the structure, particle size, and quality of the synthesized SiO2 NPs.

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Kudaibergenov, Kenes, Yerdos Ongarbayev, Mansurov Zulkhair, Marat Tulepov, and Yerbol Tileuberdi. "Rice Husk Ash for Oil Spill Cleanup." Applied Mechanics and Materials 446-447 (November 2013): 1508–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.446-447.1508.

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In this work, we report rice husk ash prepared via a thermal treatment process used as oil sorbents for oil spill cleanup. The oil sorbent with highly porous structures shows a crude oil sorption capacity of 15 g/g. The rice husk ash was studied on the basis of phase composition, microstructure and morphology using X-ray diffraction analysis, FTIR spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The results of the SEM studies strongly indicate that thermal treatment is a suitable method to improve structure of husk particles regarding porosity compared to virgin samples.

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Do, Hackwon, Il-Sup Kim, Young-Saeng Kim, Sun-Young Shin, Jin-Ju Kim, Ji-Eun Mok, Seong-Im Park, et al. "Crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic studies of dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) fromOryza sativaL.japonica." Acta Crystallographica Section F Structural Biology Communications 70, no. 6 (May 24, 2014): 781–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053230x14009133.

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Dehydroascorbate reductase fromOryza sativaL.japonica(OsDHAR), a key enzyme in the regeneration of vitamin C, maintains reduced pools of ascorbic acid to detoxify reactive oxygen species. In previous studies, the overexpression of OsDHAR in transgenic rice increased grain yield and biomass as well as the amount of ascorbate, suggesting that ascorbate levels are directly associated with crop production in rice. Hence, it has been speculated that the increased level of antioxidants generated by OsDHAR protects rice from oxidative damage and increases the yield of rice grains. However, the crystal structure and detailed mechanisms of this important enzyme need to be further elucidated. In this study, recombinant OsDHAR protein was purified and crystallized using the sitting-drop vapour-diffusion method at pH 8.0 and 298 K. Plate-shaped crystals were obtained using 0.15 Mpotassium bromide, 30%(w/v) PEG MME 2000 as a precipitant, and the crystals diffracted to a resolution of 1.9 Å on beamline 5C at the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory. The X-ray diffraction data indicated that the crystal contained one OsDHAR molecule in the asymmetric unit and belonged to space groupP21with unit-cell parametersa= 47.03,b= 48.38,c= 51.83 Å, β = 107.41°.

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Yunita, Roza, and Siti Nurhidayah. "Morphology Performance On Six Black Rice Accessions (Oryza Sativa L.) In M1 Generation Irradiated By Gamma Rays." JERAMI Indonesian Journal of Crop Science 3, no. 2 (March 11, 2021): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jijcs.3.2.62-67.2021.

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Increasing the genetic diversity of plants can be done through physical mutations with gamma-ray irradiation. This study aims to determine gamma-ray irradiation on the growth of six M1 generation black rice accessions. This research was conducted in May-October 2019 at the Experimental Rice Fields of the Tasikmalaya Perjuangan University, West Java. The materials used in this study were six accessions from Tasikmalaya (PH, PH2, PH3, PH5, PH7, and PH8) without 0 Gy irradiation and with 200 Gy gamma-ray irradiation of M1 generation. The results showed that gamma-ray irradiation reduced germination characteristics, seedling height, and flowering age. Some of the accessions showed different effects; there were a decrease and an increase in the characters of root length, plant height, number of productive tillers, number of unproductive tillers, and the total number of tillers.

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Elfeky, Ahmed Samir, A. A. Swelam, M. B. Awad, and A. S. El-Feky. "Kinetic studies of adsorption of Fe(III) from aqueous solution by untreated and alkali-treated rice straw." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY 12, no. 3 (February 16, 2016): 4280–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jac.v12i3.2169.

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Modifications of rice straws surfaces by sodium hydroxide (NaOH) were carried out in order to study the effects of this on the surface functional groups properties. Comparison was made between untreated and alkali-treated rice straws on the removal of Fe(III) from aqueous solution. In this study, four characterizations of raw rice straw have been conducted. The morphological characteristics by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDXA)the functional group present in the rice straw by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and the X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The result of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) also shows that rice straw is a porous material. Rice straw contains on –OH functional group that can bind with metal ions. To be able to enhance the sorption capacity of rice straw in metals, removing from waste water, alkali treatment should be done. This shows that rice straw can be used as adsorbent for ferric ions removing from wastewater.The effect of pH, sorption kinetics and isotherms were studied in batch experiments. The good correlation coefficient was obtained from pseudo second-order kinetic model, which agreed with conception as the rate-limiting mechanism. Sorption isotherm test showed that equilibrium sorption data were better represented by Temkin model. The highly efficient, low cost and the rapid uptake of Fe(III) by untreated (RS) in comparison with alkali-treated (MRS) rice straws, indicated that it could be an excellent alternative for the removal of ferric ions by sorption process.

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Santos, Felipe Antunes, Claudinei dos Santos, Durval Rodrigues Júnior, Dolores Ribeiro Ricci Lazar, Dayane Faviero de Castro, Daltro Garcia Pinatti, and Rosa Ana Conte. "Lithium Disilicate Glass-Ceramic Obtained from Rice Husk-Based Silica." Advances in Science and Technology 63 (October 2010): 414–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.63.414.

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In this work lithium disilicate glass-ceramic and glasses based on the Li2O-SiO2 system have been investigated by replacing the high-purity SiO2 starting powder by silica obtained from rice husk. Glasses were developed at the stoichiometric composition of 66%.molSiO2:33%.molLiO2 using SiO2 obtained by thermochemical treatment of rice husk. The influence of rice husk-SiO2 on phase formation, microstructure, hardness and fracture toughness was determined and discussed. Investigations were carried out by means of differential thermal analysis, X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy. Amorphous and transparent glasses were obtained after melting. The glasses presented Tg near to 480 0C, crystallization peak at 660 0C in both glasses from different silica sources and Li2Si2O5 as the crystalline phase after heat treatment. The hardness (HV300gF) presented average values near to 430 HV for both high-purity and rice husk silica powders. Fracture toughness measurements present results near to 1.7 MP am1/2 for both compositions.

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Li, Shan, Song-mei Liu, Hao-wei Fu, Jian-zhong Huang, and Qing-yao Shu. "High-resolution melting-based TILLING of γ ray-induced mutations in rice." Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE B 19, no. 8 (August 2018): 620–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1631/jzus.b1700414.

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Rachmawati, D., W. N. Hanifah, Parjanto, and A. Yunus. "Selection of short stem Mentik Susu rice M3 from gamma ray irradiation." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 250 (April 5, 2019): 012020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/250/1/012020.

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YOSHIDA, Saki, Mika FUKUOKA, and Noboru SAKAI. "Evaluation of Retrogradation in Microwave Cooked Rice Using X-ray Diffraction Method." Japan Journal of Food Engineering 11, no. 2 (2010): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.11301/jsfe.11.85.

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Naibaho, D., E. Purba, D. S. Hanafiah, and S. Hasibuan. "Radiosensitivity and effect of gamma ray irradiation on upland rice CV. Sidikalang." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 782, no. 3 (June 1, 2021): 032068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/782/3/032068.

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Ali, Faisal Haji, Aminuddin Adnan, and Chew Kam Choy. "Use of rice husk ash to enhance lime treatment of soil." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 29, no. 5 (October 1, 1992): 843–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t92-091.

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The paper presents the influences of different mix proportions of lime and rice husk ash (RHA) on compaction, strength properties, and durability characteristics of a local soil to evaluate the effectiveness of using RHA as a pozzolan to enhance the lime treatment of the soil. Mineralogical study was carried out also by using X-ray diffraction techniques to identify the reaction products that are responsible for the modification of the soil properties. In the mineralogical study, samples were analysed at different stages of curing. The results show that addition of RHA enhances not only the strength development but also the durability of the lime stabilized soil. Key words : soil stabilization, Atterberg limits, compaction test, unconfined compression test, X-ray diffraction.

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Mirasol, Emie Salamangkit, and Rinlee Butch M. Cervera. "Production of Amorphous and Crystalline Silica from Philippine Waste Rice Hull." Advanced Materials Research 1098 (April 2015): 80–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1098.80.

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Rice husk is the covering of rice seeds and a by-product of milling rice grain. This study is conducted to investigate the production of silica (SiO2) formed from waste rice hull (RH) at different processing temperatures and study its structure, morphology, and thermal properties. Thermal analysis by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of the dried RH showed two mass-loss steps associated to the moisture desorption and thermal decomposition. Powder X-ray diffraction patterns of the rice hull calcined at 550oC showed a purely amorphous SiO2structure while those calcined for 900oC for 1 hour and for 3 hours showed a glass-ceramics and crystalline SiO2structure, respectively. This structural result is supported by the results obtained from the FTIR and Raman analyses of the samples. On the other hand, the Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed the morphology of the samples revealing an increasing particle and grain size of the samples calcined at higher temperatures and longer heat treatment duration. In addition, Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectra of both amorphous and crystalline SiO2samples confirm that the sample contains mostly silicon and oxygen. Thus, in this study, the desired form of either amorphous or crystalline SiO2from waste rice hull can be successfully obtained by controlled heat treatment.

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Odek, Zephania R., Terry J. Siebenmorgen, and Ashok Saxena. "Fissuring Kinetics of Rough Rice during the Drying Process." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 36, no. 5 (2020): 639–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.14064.

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HighlightsDrying rough rice using harsh air conditions causes fissures to appear instantaneously during active drying.For mild drying air conditions, a time interval is required after the cessation of active drying before fissures appear.The majority of fissures due to active drying in rough rice kernels appear after drying has ceased.Abstract. Fissuring of rough rice kernels leads to breakage during milling, which results in head rice yield reductions. While other studies have addressed the fissuring kinetics of milled rice kernels, rice is normally dried and stored as rough rice. Thus, the objective of this research was to study the fissuring kinetics of rough rice kernels during the drying process and to characterize the configuration of the fissures. Rough rice kernels of cultivar CL XL745 with a bulk moisture content of 17% were dried using air at 40°C, 50°C, and 60°C each at relative humidity (RH) levels of 20%, 40%, and 60%. During the drying process (drying, tempering, and subsequent storage), X-ray images of rice kernels were recorded to enumerate fissures. As the drying air temperature was increased, the percentage of fissured kernels increased for all RHs evaluated. Conversely, as RH was increased, the percentage of fissured kernels decreased. Approximately 90% of fissures appeared after drying had ceased, increasing rapidly in the initial 6 h after drying. Kernels dried at high-temperature, low-RH drying air combinations had fissuring occur and appear instantaneously during active drying. In low-temperature drying conditions, fissures did not appear during active drying. Fissuring under such conditions required a time delay after active drying. This study shows the stages of the drying process when fissures appear in rough rice and the durations after active drying when fissures are expected to appear. Keywords: Glass transition, Post-drying, Relative humidity, Rice drying, Temperature, Tempering, X-ray imaging.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Ray Rice'

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