Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Rayonnement solaire'
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Iurevych, Olena. "Etude d'un capteur solaire hybride avec concentrateur holographique du rayonnement solaire." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066290.
Full textThe energy requirements worldwide are increasing more and among renewable energy sources, solar energy is exhibiting a very strong growth. Solar hybrid panels that produce both electricity and heat is currently a very promising way. The market for hybrid solar panel with and without concentrator and their characteristics are presented. In the thesis, a hybrid solar panel associated with a holographic concentrator solar radiation is studied. This concentrator separates the visible range used in the photovoltaic cells of the infrared range absorbed by the heat exchanger. The elements of the panel are described. The sensor characteristics and effectiveness depend on the optical and thermal parameters of its elements. These parameters (transmission factors, reflection, absorption, emissivity) were determined experimentally (CERTES IUT Sénart, CEMHTI Orleans, University Blaise Pascal Clermont-Ferrand). The results were obtained in a stationary and dimensional modelling heat exchanges for two different configurations (with two polycarbonate plates with a polycarbonate plate and an air). The model introduces radiative effects, conduction and radiation absorption by volume. The thermal profiles, and electrical and thermal efficiencies obtained show the effectiveness of a hybrid solar collector with holographic concentrator
Belmasjor, Noureddine. "Influence du rayonnement solaire sur l'environnement thermique de l'occupant dans un bâtiment." Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30258.
Full textDavid-Lagisquet, Eléna Dréno Brigitte. "Influence du rayonnement solaire sur l'acné." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://theses.univ-nantes.fr/thesemed/davidPH03.pdf.
Full textWang, Pucai. "Modélisation et mesure du rayonnement solaire ultraviolet." Lille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL10066.
Full textDix sortes de nuage ont été étudiés, et nous avons trouvé que, en présence de nuages, la diffusion des gouttes d'eau devient plus importante que celle de l'aérosol et des molécules, et que le rôle de certains paramètres a changé en comparant au cas dans l'atmosphère claire. A part la modélisation, nous avons développé également un spectroradiomètre pour effectuer de la mesure de l'UV-B. Cet instrument a été utilisé dans la troisième campagne de l'Intercomparaison Europénne de Spectroradiomètres Ultraviolets, qui a eu lieu à Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Allemagne. Nous avons caractérisé cet instrument en effectuant l'étalonnages absolu et relatif, en déterminant la stabilité de la longueur d'onde, la fonction fente, la réponse angulaire et la linéarité. Nous avons soigneusement traité tous les problèmes rencontrés au cours de son développement. Cet instrument pourra s'intégrer dans le réseau européen afin de surveiller la variation de l'UV-B après certaines transformations
Tran, Van Ly. "Modèles stochastiques des processus de rayonnement solaire." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00994598.
Full textFallot, Pierre. "Etude d'un modèle stochastique du rayonnement solaire." Grenoble 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE10146.
Full textLouche, Alain. "Le rayonnement solaire direct en vue de son utilisation héliothermique." Corte, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987CORT3000.
Full textMasserot, Dominique. "Spectroradiométrie du rayonnement solaire UV : mesures et analyses." Lille 1, 2001. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2001/50376-2001-253-254.pdf.
Full textVermeulen, Thibaut. "Optimisation de formes urbaines soumises au rayonnement solaire." Thesis, Compiègne, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014COMP2142/document.
Full textThe recent thermal regulations lead to more efficient buildings. Their design includes a good use of sunlight as a heat source (while avoiding overheating), light or energy for solar panels. If the principles of design to make the most of this radiation are known at the building scale, studies are still under development at the district level. As the software tools for the simulation of solar radiation or energy needs improve and better reflect the urban dimension, numerous studies at the district scale emerge. The optimization methods, although widely used to size the building systems and materials, are not common in the study of urban forms. However, these have the advantage of being able to explore large parameter spaces. This thesis focuses on the urban form optimization with respect to the solar potential. For this purpose, a tool based on an evolutionary algorithm is implemented. Its goal is to find the optimal positioning of volumes corresponding to buildings subjected to sunlight. Different types of parameters are associated with buildings (height, orientation, position), while the urban context can be considered in several ways : open, fixed (pre-Existing neighborhood), or periodic. Optimization tests seek to maximize exposure to the sun for latitudes between 40° and 60°N, different time periods and built densities. An extension is further performed to investigate neighborhoods minimizing energy requirements for heating. In all cases, the results show that there are many near-Optimal configurations that can be analyzed to identify general features of the good neighborhoods for each optimization criterion. All these results are inspiring and open perspectives for future works
Masserot, Dominique Bocquet Jean-Louis Brogniez Colette Chiron de la Casinière Alain Lenoble Jacqueline. "Spectroradiométrie du rayonnement solaire UV mesures et analyses /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://www.univ-lille1.fr/bustl-grisemine/pdf/extheses/50376-2001-253-254.pdf.
Full textDiabaté, Lamissa. "Détermination du rayonnement solaire à l'aide d'images satellitaires." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 1989. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00956223.
Full textZaher, Ali. "Traitement d'images meteosat : prédiction de l'irradiation solaire et contrôle supervisé de capteurs solaires." Perpignan, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PERP1083.
Full textIn the solar energy converting applications, the orientation of the solar collectors plays a major role in optimizing the overall system efficiency. In this study, the objective of our work is to exploit the knowledge of solar resources, using satellite image processing, to develop an intelligent decision-making system to achieve our goal, depending on sky states. Firstly, we have developed an approach for estimating and predicting the instantaneous solar radiation basing on the estimation of cloud motion in image sequences. The second step of our work was to use estimation and prediction results to develop a fuzzy logic based control strategy for optimizing the orientation of solar collectors. To validate the control approach, it was implemented on an experimental prototype. The results were very satisfactory, with power gains of up
Bengulescu, Marc. "Analyse temps-fréquence des données de rayonnement solaire reçu au sol." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEM084.
Full textThe center of focus for this PhD thesis is the intrinsic temporal variability of the surface solar irradiance (SSI). The characteristic time-scales of variability are revealed by analysing long-term time-series of daily means of SSI, such as ground measurements, satellite estimates, or radiation products from global atmospheric re-analyses, for different geographical locations around the world.To account for the wide range of the time-scales of variability, and given the non-linear and non-stationary nature of the data, the adaptive, data-driven Hilbert-Huang Transform is employed as an analysis tool. The time-varying nature of the characteristic time-scales of variability, along with variations in intensity, are thus revealed.An adaptive fractional re-sampling technique is used to discriminate between the deterministic and the stochastic variability constituents. For all datasets, the deterministic yearly cycle is found to account for the largest part of variability. Furthermore, all time-series are found to contain a high-frequency stochastic variability component, that exhibit cross-scale amplitude modulation by the yearly cycle.A refinement to existing methods for assessing the fitness for use of surrogate SSI products in lieu of ground measurements is also proposed. A case study confirms that satellite estimates outperform re-analyses across all time-scales
Bugeat, Antoine. "Développement d’une méthode de radiosité pour l’étude du rayonnement solaire en milieu urbain." Thesis, Pau, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PAUU3032.
Full textIn this thesis, we propose an efficient simulation method of solar radiation based on the radiosity method. The objective is to assess accurately daylighting and solar gains in dense urban environments to orient architectural design. In this type of environment, the exchanges by reflection between the different surfaces play a major role on the distribution of radiation. The radiosity method is specially adapted in this context because it directly considers all the inter-reflections and radiation over the entire scene. However, it is only valid for diffuse exchanges. In this thesis, we have developed the concept of extended view factors to be able to consider specular reflections and direct transmissions. This contribution allows the use of models with higher levels of detail of materials including glazing, mirrors or any other element with reflections and transmission patterns other than perfectly diffuse. One of the most typical problems in dense urban environments is the lack of daylight. Light wells are a common architectural concept that is designed to allow light to reach the core of residential buildings. Improvements in daylighting performance achieved through light interventions are being studied, including the use of materials with high diffuse reflectance and the installation of mirrors. The results show significant benefits on the amount of light perceived with the use of such materials. Satisfactory lighting conditions throughout the year are obtained thanks to the redirection of the sun's rays even in cloudy climates, as in Bilbao, and at high latitudes, as in Stockholm. In urban environments, buildings interact with each other by blocking and reflecting solar radiation, thus affecting their thermal behavior. The effect of surface properties and shading devices on the amount and distribution of solar gain is studied in the city center of Cordoba. The results underline both the importance of the reflected part of solar radiation and the sensitivity of its distribution to material properties.Thanks to the concept of extended view factors and the use of efficient ray-tracing algorithms for their calculation, the main barriers that blocked the use of the radiosity method in the context of architecture are removed. The accuracy and advantages offered by the method developed for the study of solar radiation are developed along the document
En esta tesis, proponemos un método de simulación de la radiación solar basado en la radiosidad. El objetivo es desarrollar una herramienta que permita evaluar con precisión la luz natural y los aportes solares en entornos urbanos densos para guiar el diseño arquitectónico. En los entornos densos, las reflexiones entre las diferentes superficies desempeñan un papel clave en la distribución de la radiación.El método de radiosidad resulta particularmente adecuado en este contexto porque permite calcular la radiación en una escena de forma global y teniendo en cuenta directamente la infinidad de reflexiones. Sin embargo, sólo tiene en cuenta los intercambios difusos. En esta tesis se desarrolla el concepto de factores de vista extendidos para poder incluir en el cálculo la reflexión especular y la transmisión directa. Esto permite el uso de modelos con un mayor nivel de detalle desde el punto de vista material, incluyendo vidrios, espejos o cualquier otro tipo de superficie con patrones de reflexión y transmisión no perfectamente difusos. Uno de los problemas más comunes en los entornos urbanos densos es la falta de luz natural. Los patios de luz son un recurso arquitectónico habitual para aumentar la cantidad luz que llega al interior de edificios residenciales. Esta tesis investiga el potencial de mejora en la iluminación natural de estos edificios que puede lograrse con intervenciones ligeras en el patio de luz, tales como el uso de acabados de alta reflectancia difusa y la instalación de espejos. Las simulaciones muestran que ambos materiales aumentan de manera significativa la cantidad de luz recibida en los interiores. Gracias al uso de espejos inclinados, se obtienen condiciones de iluminación satisfactorias durante todo el año incluso en climas nublados, como Bilbao, y en altas latitudes, como Estocolmo. En los entornos urbanos, los edificios interactúan entre sí bloqueando y reflejando la radiación solar, lo que afecta a su comportamiento térmico. Tomando como caso de estudio el centro de la ciudad de Córdoba, se investiga el impacto de las propiedades de las superficies y del uso de protecciones solares a escala urbana en la cantidad y distribución de las ganancias solares. Los resultados destacan la importancia de la componente reflejada de la radiación solar y la sensibilidad de su distribución a las propiedades de los materiales.Esta tesis muestra que las principales barreras que bloqueaban el uso del método de la radiosidad en el contexto de la arquitectura pueden superarse gracias al concepto de factores de vista extendidos y el uso de algoritmos de alto rendimiento para el de lanzado de rayos para su cálculo. La precisión y las ventajas que ofrece el método desarrollado para el estudio de la radiación solar se desarrollan a lo largo del documento
Stepan, Jiri. "Etude du transfert du rayonnement polarisé dans l'atmosphère solaire." Phd thesis, Observatoire de Paris, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00608761.
Full textLescloupé, Pascal. "L'influence du rayonnement solaire sur l'organisme : conseils en photoprotection." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR2P086.
Full textŠtěpán, Jiří. "Etude du transfert du rayonnement polarisé dans l'atmosphère solaire." Observatoire de Paris, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008OBSP0142.
Full textThe adequate theoretical models of the NLTE radiative transfer are needed for interpretation of the complicated spectra emerging from the magnetized solar atmosphere. In the first part of the thesis, the quantum theory of polarization is reviewed along with the problem of NLTE radiative transfer of the 2nd kind. A general notation for a numerical treatment of the atomic density matrix is introduced. A lambda-operator splitting technique is presented and used for development of a novel preconditioning method analogous to the Jacobi iteration algorithm. Number of processes is taken into account: atomic polarization, level-crossings, Paschen-Back effect, Hanle and Zeeman effects, optical pumping, collisional (de)polarization. A nonlinear multigrid technique is developed in the framework of polarized radiative transfer theory and the efficiency of the method is discussed. The potential of this new solver is demonstrated on an example of transfer of the optically thick line of a multiterm atom in the Paschen-Back effect regime. In the second part of the thesis, the particular problem of impact polarization of the hydrogen H-alpha line in solar flares is considered. The semi-empirical models of the flaring chromosphere are used to find the differential effects of the proton beam on the line intensity and linear polarization profiles. Proton beams are shown to be an unlikely source of the observed linear polarization. In the last chapter, it is shown that the electric return currents are significant ingredient of the line formation and they are proposed as being a possible source of the observed linear polarization
Muresan, Cristian. "Etude des transferts thermiques rayonnement spectral - conduction - convection naturelle dans des systèmes photovoltaïques hybrides en vue de leur intégration au bâti." Lyon, INSA, 2005. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2005ISAL0052/these.pdf.
Full textThis work deals with the study of PhotoVoltaic/Themal hybrid components in building frame integration configuration. Starting from the basis of thermal problems related to the Photovoltaic components of crystalline type (heating decreases their energy effectiveness), the developed model aims at the prediction of their internal temperature field. A modelling of the radiation in a multi-layer component of non diffusing semi-transparent media is carried out. The propagation of a collimated flux and of a diffuse flow are separately treated. The collimated part is treated according to an approach of ray emission model. The Method of the Discrete Ordinates associated the method of finite volumes is employed for the numerical solution of the diffuse radiation in the case of a monodimensional plane geometry. Directional quadratures are established in an adaptative way for each spectral frequency. The discrete directions of one of the layers correspond to those refracted of the close layer. The coupling of this model to a model RANS with low Reynolds number is then carried out in order to study the convective transfers for a double façade configuration of building integration. The prospects for this step consist in analysing the influence of the parameters supporting the natural cooling of the modules (thickness, height of air gap, spatial distribution of the thermal boundary conditions,…). Lastly, the electric phenomenon of conversion, supplementing the energy balance of a cell statement, is briefly approached in adequacy with the level of modelling of the coupled thermal transfers
Muresan, Cristian Ménézo Christophe Virgone Joseph. "Etude des transferts thermiques rayonnement spectral - conduction - convection naturelle dans des systèmes photovoltaïques hybrides en vue de leur intégration au bâti." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2006. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=muresan.
Full textChaillol, Isabelle. "Mesure de l’exposition au rayonnement ultraviolet solaire pour les études épidémiologiques." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10231/document.
Full textUltraviolet radiation (UV) is a carcinogenic agent for which little information on human exposure is available. The intensity and the changes of solar UV exposure, which is the main source of exposure, have an impact on health but are difficult to monitor. The work of this thesis led to the creation of a tool for quantitative estimation of individual exposure to solar UV that can be used in epidemiological studies. We created an atlas of monthly average daily radiation across Europe. Some missing values from the Nordic countries during winter had to be extrapolated. We observed a strong seasonality and characteristics in the spatial distribution which does not always follow the gradient of latitude. For instance, UV radiation is higher in the southern area of the Nordic countries than in central Europe. A survey was conducted in eight European populations to estimate individual exposure. These populations have different behaviours regarding sun exposure. After a step of modeling to estimate missing values in northern Norway throughout the year, we quantified chronic and holiday exposure in three populations (France, Italy and Norway). The tool developed during this thesis will be used for future epidemiological studies that will contribute to improving the knowledge about UV exposure in populations and better understanding its role in the aetiology of various diseases, such as skin cancers
Trolliet, Mélodie. "Développement d’une méthodologie pour l’évaluation de l’incidence des variabilités interannuelles et de plus long-terme de la ressource solaire sur l’analyse de risque financier d’un projet de centrale solaire photovoltaïque." Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLM040.
Full textThis PhD thesis proposes to contribute to the characterization of long-term variations in irradiance, in a context of financial risk analysis of large solar photovoltaic power plants. The use of statistical indicators (e.g. P90) and the hypothesis of temporal stationarity of the irradiance has been questioned. This led to a fine characterization of the long-term variations of the irradiance thanks to a time-frequency decomposition tool developed during this thesis. We distinguished three classes of variability: intra-annual variability, annual to decadal variability, and multi-decadal variability. For the first class, the use of four years of historical data is sufficient to correctly take into account all the variations in irradiance. For the second class, the use of 30 years of historical data is recommended. For multi-decadal variability, the use of more than 30 years of data is encouraged. The three classes of variability have been analyzed for various types of databases: long-term measurements from the GEBA network, CLARA-A2 satellite data, MERRA-2 re-analysis data, and data from the IPSL-CM6A-LR climate model. A great diversity of variability structures according to the database considered was observed
Faga, Murilo Tadeu Werneck. "Rayonnement solaire et turbidité atmosphérique dans une vallée alpine industrielle." Grenoble INPG, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INPG0106.
Full textLouche, Alain. "Le Rayonnement solaire direct en vue de son utilisation héliothermique." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37607462q.
Full textTHOLEY, VERONIQUE. "La pathologie oculaire liee au rayonnement solaire et sa prevention." Strasbourg 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992STR15021.
Full textRoyer, Guy. "Etude systémique de l'utilisation du potentiel énergie solaire." Rennes 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN10036.
Full textLavoie, Chantale. "Étude de l'atténuation du rayonnement solaire par le couvert de neige en Dronning Maud Land, Antarctique." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 2004.
Find full textGendron, Brice Coiffard Laurence. "Ce que doit savoir le pharmacien d'officine dans le domaine peau-soleil." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://theses.univ-nantes.fr/thesemed/PHgendron.pdf.
Full textTescari, Stefania. "Optimisation géométrique dérivée de l’approche constructale pour réacteurs thermochimiques sous rayonnement solaire concentré." Perpignan, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PERP1009.
Full textThis work aims to optimize thermochemical reactor driven by concentrated solar radiation. The definition of a simplified model, deriving from the constructal approach, allows to study the influence of the geometry and shape factor variation on the reactor performances and so to find the optima reactor shape. The influence of the operating parameters on the optimal geometry and on the maximal reactor efficiency is then studied. Starting from the simplified model, the limiting effects are pointed out, and new reactor configurations, at high performance, are proposed. The validity domain of the simplified model is defined by comparing the results with 2D numerical simulations. The model is then used to optimize a thermochemical reactor, applied to the production of solar fuels
Rochatte, Vincent. "Développement et modélisation d'un photobioréacteur solaire à dilution interne du rayonnement." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF22705/document.
Full textThe present PhD dissertation deals with photobioreaction engineering for efficient microalgae production. The approach is based on the construction of knowledge models that permit predicting the performances of the process, whatever its design, the illumination conditions, or the microalgae species cultivated. These models are used to establish optimal design and control strategies that are implemented to construct and operate pilot-scale plants. Here, a 24 liters air-lift photobioreactor is studied, that is based on the principle of incident solar light-flux dilution for approaching the maximum thermodynamic efficiency of natural photosynthesis. For that purpose, the culture volume is internally illuminated by 1000 light-diffusing optical fibers. As a first step toward solar production, this PhD work focuses on perfectly controlled illumination conditions ensured by discharge lamps. First, the reactor hydrodynamics and radiative transfer are characterized. In particular, incident light-flux density at the fiber surfaces is measured by actinometry (with Reinecke salt), thanks to a novel treatment enabling analyses of situations with partial light absorption and complex geometries. Then, the mean volumetric rate of biomass production and the process efficiency are measured based on one year of continuous Arthrospira platensis culture. For the low radiative flux densities tested (dilution), photorespiration by the cyanobacterium is observed and included in the thermokinetic model. Moreover, this dissertation includes a presentation of the Monte Carlo method for solving the radiative transfer equation withinthe complex geometry of the computer aided design used for manufacturing the reactor. After validation against experimental results, the model is predictively used to simulate the pilot operating with natural solar light, based on solar DNI databases. These results indicate engineering parameters (in particular the dilution factor) for optimal yearly-averaged surface productivity, as a function of Earth location
Merino, Luis. "Modélisation du rayonnement solaire pour la simulation thermique en milieu urbain." Thesis, Compiègne, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013COMP2115.
Full textSolar irradiation is the most important parameter for building thermal simulation. Its calculation requires geometrical relationships for the direct radiation from the Sun and a sky model to distribute the radiance over the sky vault. Sky models developed for solar collectors are used to calculate the building’s solar irradiation availability. Some software calculates building’s irradiation by adapting sky models for lighting simulations. These models allow to compute solar irradiation, but the selection of the most suitable model for urban applications has not been defined clearly enough. We developed a code, based on the study of numerical methods, sky models and the necessary meteorological data. It calculates the solar irradiation availability in the urban context. The novelty lies in its capacity to evaluate the solar irradiation from the Sun and the sky by using three sky models: one isotropic and two anisotropic. The interaction between each sky model and the urban context is made clear in a series of progressively more complex geometric examples. Procedures to partition the sky vault are presented.Differences between the predicted irradiance by the anisotropic models (Perez punctual source and Perez All-Weather) are classified as small and large in unobstructed and obstructed scenes respectively. Contributions have also been made to set up a meteorological station. Statistical analyses as well as quality control procedures of meteorological data were also implemented
Houët, Mickaël Brogniez Colette. "Spectroradiométrie du rayonnement UV au sol." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://www.univ-lille1.fr/bustl-grisemine/pdf/extheses/50376-2003-149-150.pdf.
Full textTourasse, Guillaume. "Mesure et Analyse Statistique Tout Temps du Spectre du Rayonnement Solaire." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSET014/document.
Full textThis manuscript presents the design and setup of an all-weather spectral irradiance measurement system on 4 planes. The 4 spectrometers measure a total of 900 spectra/min to produce every minute, a mean spectral irradiance and its standard deviation. Between 2014 and 2015, this system recorded 700,000 spectra, for wavelengths ranging between 400 and 1,000 nm with a step ≤1 nm. A sample of 145,000 spectra representative of the Lyon climate was selected for statistical analysis. For this purpose, the sample was reduced in size by partitioning it in 1,175 spectra. Its spectral domain was extended to 280-1,500 nm by extrapolating the spectra with curve fitting using the SMARTS2 RTM. A PCA of the extrapolated sample reduced its description to only 3 components; hence, allowing a revision of the CIE’s illuminant D series. Finally, the relation between spectral power distribution and environmental or colorimetric parameters opens a way towards statistical models for generating solar spectra
Chaillol, Isabelle. "Mesure de l'exposition au rayonnement ultraviolet solaire pour les études épidémiologiques." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00831718.
Full textMagnin, Christelle. "L'érythème solaire et les préparations après-soleil." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO1P063.
Full textFontoynont, Marc. "Prise en compte du rayonnement solaire dans l'eclairage naturel de locaux : methode et perspectives." Paris, ENMP, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ENMP0022.
Full textFeuillard, Tony. "Distributions en fréquence du rayonnement solaire en climat tropical humide : modélisations et application aux performances des capteurs à concentration linéaires." Toulouse 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU30191.
Full textWedlund, Mea. "Mercury, in-flight calibration of the PHEBUS UV instrument and Monte Carlo modelling of the hydrogen exosphere." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066114.
Full textObrecht, Dominique. "Météorologie solaire et images satellitaires : cartographie du rayonnement solaire, détermination de l'albédo des sols et évaluation de l'ennuagement." Phd thesis, Nice, 1990. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00957267.
Full textSedrati, Sophia. "Agression solaire et radicaux libres : incidence des composés antiradicalaires." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05P098.
Full textHénault, François. "Concentration du rayonnement solaire par simple et double réflexion : contribution aux méthodes de réglage et de contrôle des surfaces réflectrices à facettes." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112122.
Full textQu, Zhipeng. "La nouvelle méthode Heliosat-4 pour l’évaluation du rayonnement solaire au sol." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENMP0040/document.
Full textSeveral methods have been developed to assess operationally the surface solar irradiance from satellite images. During his PhD thesis presented in 2009 at MINES ParisTech, Oumbe has designed a new method using numerical radiative transfer model and fast approximations. The present PhD thesis aimed at consolidating these results and validating Heliosat-4. This work is the international scientific collaboration framework of the European-funded projects MACC (Monitoring Atmosphere Composition and Climate) and MACC-II.As a foundation of Heliosat-4, Oumbe has proposed an approximation of the radiative transfer equation by a product of clear-sky irradiance and a term describing the cloud extinction. We have established that estimation errors due to this approximation are very small in usual conditions and that this approximation may be adopted. It allows a convenient modular development of Heliosat-4 and eases its future operational use.The Heliosat-4 method is then composed of two abacus-based models: McClear for the irradiance under clear-sky and McCloud for the irradiance extinction due to clouds. With in-situ reference measurements of direct and diffuse irradiance, we have carried out deep performance analysis of Heliosat-4, under different conditions. The quality of this first preoperational version of Heliosat-4 is judged satisfactory as it enables estimations of global irradiance with the same level of quality of other existing methods in literature but also estimations of direct and diffuse irradiances with a noticeable better quality
Ah-Nieme, Arthur. "Étude du vitrage thermochrome soumis au rayonnement solaire en physique du bâtiment." Thesis, La Réunion, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LARE0034.
Full textThis thesis deals with the study of thermochromic glazing (TCG) exposed to solar radiation in building physics. This research work is part of the building envelope energy efficiency thematic. Indeed, the TCG, which is an innovative and dynamic technology, has the capacity to modulate its energy transmission according to its own temperature. For tropical areas where there is a large amount of solar energy, this type of glazing can, on its own, significantly reduce the transmission of heat inside buildings while maintaining a sufficient amount of natural light for the comfort of the occupants. The goal is therefore to model the behaviour of the TCG. First of all, a unique experiment in a tropical environment has been set up on a scale 1 experimental cell equipped with a TCG. It was possible to draw several conclusions from the observations: the temperature field of the TCG is sensitive to the absorption of solar radiation and presents a heterogeneous distribution when close masks are present (as in our case). From these experimental observations, an original model was proposed. It is, on one hand, the formulation of the function that governs the variation of the thermo-optical properties as a function of temperature; and on the other hand, a two-dimensional spatial discretisation model on the surface of the TCG taking into account the solicitations of solar radiation and close masks. The 2D model was then implemented in a global building system with the 1D thermal model and the daylighting model. All models have been integrated into PITAYA: Platform for the integrated thermal and daylighting analysis. Finally, the PITAYA models were compared with the measurements from the experiment for validation. The results of the thermal validation show that the model is reliable and accurate. Nevertheless, the results in photometry, which are encouraging, require further improvements to the model
Qu, Zhipeng. "La nouvelle méthode Heliosat-4 pour l'évaluation du rayonnement solaire au sol." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00957358.
Full textLedanois, Jean-Marie. "Mesures de radiation solaire à Caracas : application à la prédiction du diffus et à la modélisation d'un jour solaire hypothétique." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985ECAP0012.
Full textNocera, Thérèse. "Urticaire solaire : un nouveau modèle de détermination du coefficient de protection solaire." Montpellier 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON11032.
Full textAbboudi, Maher. "Réponse des bactéries marines au rayonnement ultraviolet-visible et aux modifications photochimiques de la matière organique dissoute." Aix-Marseille 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX22080.
Full textIn the marine environment, solar radiation can directly affect the activity of heterotrophic bacteria by causing various cellular damages or indirectly by modifying photochemically the dissolved organic matter (DOM). These various aspects were studied by determining experimentally the contribution of ultraviolet-B (UVR-B: 280-315 nm), ultraviolet-A (UVR-A: 315-400 nm) radiations as well as visible light (VIS: 400-700 nm) on DOM consumption by natural assemblages in various environments in the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea and by the marine bacterium, Vibrio angustum. We studied the effects of the photochemical transformations of DOM on the bacterial activity including production (BP), respiration (BR), bacterial growth efficiency (BGE) as well as the bacterial diversity, in two lagoons (Leucate and Canet) and in a coastal environment (Bay of Banyuls) in the Northwesternern Mediterranean Sea. These typical environments present large differences in the concentrations of total DOM and in colored DOM (CDOM). For the experiments, after filtration on 0,2 µm, samples were exposed during one day to the natural sunlight, then inoculated with the unexposed to light bacterial community of the same origin. The phototransformations of DOM lead to an increase of BP in the most eutrophic lagoon and to a decrease of in the mesotrophic one. These modifications of activity are associated with an increase of 120 % of the BGE in the coastal environment, and a decrease of 20-40 % in the lagoons. We also observed that the assimilation of DOM after sunlight exposure lead to modification in the structure of the total and active bacterial communities. The direct effects of the solar radiation on a natural assemblage lead to an increase of BP and BR in the column of water (from the surface until 10 m of depth) for various stations in the Mediterranean Sea. The inhibition of BP is essentially bound to UVR, and more important when the phytoplankton was eliminated from the sample, underlining the role of the phytoplanktonic excretions in the bacterial response to the UVR stress. Our results showed bacterial resilience induced by an increase of production during the night following the light exposure. The BR seems more durably affected by the solar radiation compared to BP. Generally, the solar radiation decreases the BCD and increases the BGE. The effects of the solar radiation seemed very limited in depth for the studied coastal stations, whereas the effects on BP seem measurable until depths of 8 m. These effects contrasted in the column of water were directly bound to the diffuse attenuation coefficient for downwelling UV irradiance of these various stations. To complete these data obtained in natural environment, physiological and morphological modifications of the bacterial strain Vibrio angustum were studied during growth under 4 light conditions (VIS+UVR-A+UVR-B, VIS+UVR-A, and darkness) by using a solar simulator in the laboratory. Our results suggest that the growth is severely inhibited by UVR-B and of a way moderated by UVR-A. The cells exposed to UVR-B present an important filamentation (size of cell: 42 µm with regard to the witness of size ~ 1,7 µm), with a reduced accumulation of damages DNA, and an absence of modifications in the composition in fatty acids, yet. These cells were able to recover a regular size after a darkness phase. The cells exposed to VIS and VIS UVR-A presented an important change of the fluorescence very likey in relation to the DNA modification of the topology of the genome
Ghazi, Sara. "Détermination par méthode in vitro de l'efficacité de différents systèmes photoprotecteurs (vêtements, verres, produits solaires)." Nantes, 2011. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=6a98dc20-eb05-4f9b-b296-1a1ef63d6d78.
Full textAs the increase of photo induced skin cancers is a Public Health issue, it seemed important to review the efficacy of the different available photoprotective systems. Clothes constitute the simplest and the oldest mean of sun protection. However, the question of the photoprotection level arises. What is the photoprotective level of an adult wardrobe? Of a child one? How is a child protected during holidays, when he/she plays an outdoor sport, knowing that the solar exposure time will be several hours? We would Iike to answer these questions by measuring the photoprotective efficacy of clothes, using an in vitro method. , The in vivo process currently employed seems for us unethical. The method consists in irradiating the samples, then determining the percentage of transmitted radiation. It allows calculating an indicator of efficacy: the UV -Protection Factor (or UV-PF). UPF values obtained vary according to the type, color and thickness of the fabric. The inter est of superposition has been clearly demonstrated. The influence of washing on the level of photoprotection was assessed. The addition of UV filters in washing Iiquids does not seem relevant, meaning that the increase of the photoprotection measured with more UV filters is not higher than the data obtained when a cotton T-shirt is shrinked by washing. The environ mental impact of a massive use of those actives in detergents would be certainly considerable, but would not be associated with any additional benefits to humans. The study of glasses has also demonstrated that a broad photoprotective effect requires the association of different factors: an appropriate glass type, color and adequate thickness. The con cern of dermatologists is to recommend to their patients, particularly to young people, the best sunscreen, so we have sought to define what an "appropriate" sunscreen is. First of aIl, this is a cream where the value of determined SPF (Sun Protection Factor) is in adequacy with the value of claimed SPF. It turns out that ail branded creams do not meet this condition. Lndeed, we have demonstrated that bio-creams, containing only inorganic filters (Ti02 and/or ZnO), cannot achieve high levels of protection. Thus, an appropriate cream will be formulated with a mixture of organic and inorganic filters, covering the widest range of UV spectrum, and it will not contain ingredients such as alcohol. This work enabled us to quantify the efficacy of different photoprotective systems, which are complementary and must be used, as often as possible, together
Pachart, Eric. "Mesures et modélisation du rayonnement ultraviolet au sol." Lille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL10239.
Full textSakho, Moctar. "Méthodes de calcul des apports solaires par les ouvertures de bâtiments non conventionnels en environnement complexe." Grenoble 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989GRE10082.
Full textTournadre, Benoît. "Heliosat-V ˸ une méthode polyvalente d’estimation du rayonnement solaire au sol par satellite." Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLM063.
Full textSolar irradiance at the surface of the Earth is recognized as an essential climate variable by the World Meteorological Organization. Its knowledge is as much important for climate sciences as for the development of energy alternatives to fossil fuels, like solar photovoltaic. Ground measurements of this radiation are very sparse on Earth, explaining the interest for satellite-based remote sensing to estimate it. Combining estimations from different satellites in orbit is a pathway to cover the information on the whole globe. Different generations of satellites also produced a multidecadal imagery of the Earth, making it conceivable to estimate long time series of solar radiation, or even to identify long-term variations, a recurrent objective in the study of climate change. For more than 30 years, Heliosat methods estimate surface solar irradiance from satellite imagery, but they have been designed to be applied to a specific sensor on a geostationary orbit, and have limitations in their scope : the need for a long archive of satellite imagery (Heliosat, Heliosat-2), or else the need for multispectral measurements (Heliosat-4). This work dedicated to the development of a Heliosat-V method brings elements of versatility to the satellite-based estimation from so-called "cloud-index" methods, with the ultimate goal to reach homogeneous data of solar radiation derived from measurements made by different satellite instruments. Two issues are in particular considered here to reach such an estimation: the diversity of sensors in terms of spectral sensitivities, and the influence of viewing and solar geometries on spaceborne measurements. The method extensively deals with radiative transfer modeling in the spectral range 400-1000 nm to simulate on one hand satellite measurements in clear-sky conditions, and on the other hand satellite measurements in the presence of an optically thick cloud. The method is tested on the imagery of a geostationary satellite instrument, Meteosat-9/SEVIRI, and in a more exploratory way, on the non geostationary sensor DSCOVR/EPIC. Results are compared to high quality ground-based measurements of irradiance, and show performances similar to operational satellite products. However, the quality of estimates depends on the spectral channel used, and especially of the presence of clear-sky atmospheric scattering or absorption in the signal measured by the satellite instrument. The accent is also put on the need for an accurate absolute calibration of satellite radiometric measurements in order to produce time series of surface solar irradiance with the smallest biases and temporal drift possible