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Academic literature on the topic 'Razor clam'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Razor clam"

1

Ulfa, Marya, Syafruddin Nasution, and Afrizal Tanjung. "KARAKTERISTIK HABITAT DAN STRUKTUR POPULASI KERANG BAMBU (Solen lamarckii, Chenu 1984) DI ZONA INTERTIDAL DESA APIAPI KECAMATAN BANDAR LAKSAMANA KABUPATEN BENGKALIS." Jurnal Perikanan dan Kelautan 25, no. 3 (November 23, 2020): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/jpk.25.3.184-193.

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The study about habitat characteristics and population structure razor clam (Solen lamarckii, Chenu 1984) in intertidal zone Apiapi Village Bandar Laksamana District Bengkalis Regency conducted on January 2020. The purpose of this study was to analyze about habitat characteristics and population structure of razor clam and the correlation between substrate particle size and population density of razor clam. The habitat parameters measured include the physical and chemical parameters of sea waters. Determination of the station using purposive sampling method. Razor clam samples were collected by using a 1 x 1 m2 frame that laid along a transect. There were 4 plots and 3 subplots along the transect as replications. The result showed, the sediment tipe was sandy substrate, organic material was low, total suspended solid was high. Population density of razor clams was 3.3-23.3 Ind/m2. The distribution pattern of razor clams through each plot was uniform. While, the most common size of razor clam 5.04-5.62 cm. The correlation between particle size and population density of razor clam was strong.

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Fahmia, Rani, Syafruddin Nasution, and Afrizal Tanjung. "POPULATION STRUCTURE AND REPRODUCTION OF THE RAZOR CLAMS Solen lamarckii (Chenu, 1843) IN THE INTERTIDAL ZONE OF API API VILLAGE WATERS, BENGKALIS REGENCY." Asian Journal of Aquatic Sciences 3, no. 3 (December 3, 2020): 271–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/ajoas.3.3.271-285.

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Razor clam (Solen lamarckii) is a type of pelecypoda that has high economic value on the Api api village waters, Bengkalis Regency. This research aims to study the population structure and reproduction of razor clam. The study was carried out over 2 month period from September to October 2019 at Api api village waters, Bengkalis Regency. Razor clam samples were collected by using a 1 x 1 m2 frame that laid along transect. There were 5 plots and 5 subplots along the transect as replications. The result showed, the population density of razor clams is 3.12 species/m2 in September and 2.88 species/m2 in October 2019. The distribution pattern of razor clams was uniform. While, the most common size of razor clam is the medium size category (40-60 mm) both in September and in October 2019. The average value of gonado somatic index (GSI) was 2.28-8.60%. Histological analysis indicated that maturity gonad stage of razor clam was commonly found in September is maturity gonad stage I (60%), while in October is stage III (40%) and stage IV(30%).

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Hassan, Ruhana, and Devagi Kanakaraju. "Razor Clams (Class Bivalvia) of Kuala Selangor, Malaysia: Morphology, Genetic Diversity and Heavy Metal Concentration." Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology 2, no. 2 (June 29, 2016): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.275.2013.

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Razor Clam (Bivalvia) could be easily identified as having two long, narrow shell valves connected by hinges, two siphons and one strong foot. It plays important role in ecological services besides providing food and extra income for the coastal communities. As filter feeder, razor clam is a good indicator for heavy metal contamination in aquatic environments. In Selangor, razor clam is locally known as ‘siput buluh’, yet, there is no proper scientific documentation on this species. This short study was carried out to assess the morphology of razor clams in Selangor for species identification and to sequence the Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) gene for determination of its genetic diversity. Heavy sea traffics occurred in the sea near to the mudflat where razor clams were abundantly found has raised question whether razor clams were safe to be consumed. Therefore, this study is also designed to determine the level of selected heavy metals concentration in different body parts of razor clams. Based on selected morphometric and meristic data, razor clams of Kuala Selangor obtained during this study were Solen sarawakensis although many individuals displayed darker outer shell colouration and slightly thicker, longer and heavier shells. Based on analyses of putative COI gene sequences of approximately 677bp, there was a strong genetic divergence (11.7%) between S. sarawakensis inhabiting Kuala Selangor and Kuching Bay, Sarawak suggesting that although both razor clams were very similar morphologically, they could actually be two different species. Tissues of razor clams sampled from mudflat area in Kuala Selangor showed high concentration of Fe (146.50 mg/kg) and Mn (94.00 mg/kg). Other heavy metal elements namely Cr (42.50 mg/kg) and Cd (33.00 mg/kg) were also recorded during this study, occurring mainly in the shells. Traces of Hg were also detected, and its concentration did not differ much among the different parts analyzed.

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Gao, Yongwen, Joseph Gilbertson, and Hongyan Zhang. "The isotopic differences and implications for Pacific razor clams along the Washington coast." E3S Web of Conferences 98 (2019): 12005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199812005.

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The Pacific razor clam fishery in Washington State has been co-managed by the coastal Indian Tribes and the state, but little is known about the growth and population structure of the clams due to difficulties of tagging and monitoring. Here we report the results of a pilot study using stable isotope ratios (δ13C and δ18O) of razor clam shells collected in two groups (juvenile vs. adult) and from two sites (Kalaloch Beach and Roosevelt Beach) where distinct biological differences in clam growth and survival rates were observed. The δ13C values of razor clam shells ranged from -2.9 to -0.3‰, whereas δ18O values of the same samples ranged from -2.2 to +1.4‰. Between the two sites there were significant differences in δ13C values especially for juvenile clams. The δ18O profiles from two representative shells demonstrated similar patterns of rapid growth as juveniles and seasonal patterns throughout the life span. Profiles of δ13C were sinusoidal but did not show seasonality and signatures of ocean acidification. We concluded that stable isotope analysis of razor clam shells is a potential new tool in shellfish research and management.

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Bowen, Lizabeth, Katrina L. Counihan, Brenda Ballachey, Heather Coletti, Tuula Hollmen, Benjamin Pister, and Tammy L. Wilson. "Monitoring nearshore ecosystem health using Pacific razor clams (Siliqua patula) as an indicator species." PeerJ 8 (March 5, 2020): e8761. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8761.

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An emerging approach to ecosystem monitoring involves the use of physiological biomarker analyses in combination with gene transcription assays. For the first time, we employed these tools to evaluate the Pacific razor clam (Siliqua patula), which is important both economically and ecologically, as a bioindicator species in the northeast Pacific. Our objectives were to (1) develop biomarker and gene transcription assays with which to monitor the health of the Pacific razor clam, (2) acquire baseline biomarker and gene transcription reference ranges for razor clams, (3) assess the relationship between physiological and gene transcription assays and (4) determine if site-level differences were present. Pacific razor clams were collected in July 2015 and 2016 at three sites within each of two national parks in southcentral Alaska. In addition to determining reference ranges, we found differences in biomarker assay and gene transcription results between parks and sites which indicate variation in both large-scale and local environmental conditions. Our intent is to employ these methods to evaluate Pacific razor clams as a bioindicator of nearshore ecosystem health. Links between the results of the biomarker and gene transcription assays were observed that support the applicability of both assays in ecosystem monitoring. However, we recognize the need for controlled studies to examine the range of responses in physiology and gene transcripts to different stressors.

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Saeedi, Hanieh, Shahrokh P. Raad, Aria A. Ardalan, Ehsan Kamrani, and Bahram H. Kiabi. "Growth and reproduction of Solen dactylus (Bivalvia: Solenidae) on northern coast of the Persian Gulf (Iran)." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 89, no. 8 (July 9, 2009): 1635–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315409000964.

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Solen dactylus is a razor clam distributed throughout the coast of the northern Persian Gulf. Study on biology of razor clams in this area is important for an essential management where these clams are overfished without any control. This study provides the first estimate of growth rate and an interpretation of the reproductive cycle of S. dactylus on the coast of the Persian Gulf (Bandar Abbas). In this study, 945 razor clams were collected from April 2007 to March 2008 along two transects of Golshahr coast in Bandar Abbas. Von Bertalanffy growth parameters for transects 1 and 2 ranged from 101–108 mm for asymptotic length (L∞), 0.27–0.28 year−1 for growth constant (k), and −0.99–0.94 for age at length zero (t0), respectively. Gonads were stained with haematoxylin and eosin and gametogenic stages were based on seven stages: (Stage 0) sexual rest; (Stage I) proliferation of gonad and start of gametogenesis; (Stage II) advanced gametogenesis; (Stage IIIA) ripeness; (Stage IIIB) start of spawning; (Stage IIIC) restoration; and (Stage IV) emission. The result showed that S. dactylus is a gonochoric clam and both males and females demonstrated synchronism in gonadal development. The gametogenic cycle began in late August and ended in late February. After several minor spawnings, plus a major one in January, the razor clams entered to the sexual rest stage in March.

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Liu, Guang Xu, Wen Yao Chen, Miao An Shu, Xin Guo Zhao, Chao Peng, Xin Peng, Hong Xi Wu, and Zhi Hua Lin. "Effects of Warm Water Discharge from Sanmen Nuclear Power Plant on Filtration Behavior, Calcification Rate, and Ammonia Excretion of Razor Clam, Sinonovacula constricta: A Simulation Study." Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (June 2014): 356–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.356.

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Warm water discharge from nuclear power plant will elevate the temperature of seawater and may subsequently have influences on important marine aquiculture bivalves. In present study, the effects of temperature elevation caused by warm water discharge on the filtration behavior, calcification rate, and ammonia excretion of a major local bivalve species, razor clam, were investigated via laboratory simulation. The results showed that the filtration rates of razor clam increased significantly with an increased temperature, which were 0.46±0.06, 0.62±0.09, and 0.85±0.08L/g·h for 28 °C, 30 °C, and 32 °C, respectively. Under the experimental temperature gradient, the pattern of calcification rates of razor clam was shown to be bell-shaped, with the highest calcification rate 2.85±0.28μmol/FWg·h at 30 °C. The ammonia excretion rates were shown to increase slightly with increased temperature, which were 0.31±0.03, 0.32±0.09, and 0.34±0.06mg/ g·h for 28 °C, 30 °C, and 32 °C, respectively. The results suggest that razor clam will increase its energy intake and metabolic rate to maintain a relatively constant growth rate under thermal stress within 4 oC range even during the summer season.

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Isava, Monica, and Amos G. Winter V. "Razor clam-inspired burrowing in dry soil." International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics 81 (May 2016): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnonlinmec.2015.12.005.

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9

Gaspar, M. B., and C. C. Monteiro. "Reproductive Cycleso Of the Razor Clam Ensis Siliqua and the Clam Venus Striatula off Vilamoura, Southern Portugal." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 78, no. 4 (November 1998): 1247–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400044465.

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Annual reproductive cycles of two commercially important bivalves, the razor clam Ensis siliqua and the clam Venus striatula were investigated. Specimens of both species were sampled monthly from a site off Vilamoura, south of Portugal, between June 1992 and May 1993. Gonadal development was monitored using standard histological methods. Observed gametogenic progression was categorized by six stages: (0) inactive; (I) early active gametogenesis; (II) late active gametogenesis; (HI) ripe; (IV) partially spawned; and (V) spent. Both males and females showed a synchronism in gonadal development. The gametogenesis in the razor clam began in December and by late April the gonads were characterized morphologically by an abundance of ripe eggs and sperm. Partially spawned individuals were first encountered in May. All were spent by July. The gametogenic activity in V. striatula began in the months of October/November and continued until March. Spawning occurred between April and early August. Both species reached maturity during the first year of life.

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Ma, H. T., H. B. Jiang, X. Q. Liu, X. P. Wu, and X. M. Wei. "Polymorphic microsatellite loci for the razor clam, Sinonovacula constricta." Genetics and Molecular Research 14, no. 1 (2015): 145–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4238/2015.january.15.17.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Razor clam"

1

Schlechte, John Warren. "Stage-structured analysis and modeling of the Pacific razor clam (Siliqua patula) in a changing environment : investigation of population dynamics and harvest strategies using process models and simulation /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5277.

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2

Bollini, Mario Attilio. "The design of scaled robotic end effectors to mimic razor clam burrowing." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/54526.

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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2009.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 75).
This thesis reviews the design of two scaled mechanical end effectors that mimic the digging of Ensis directus, the Atlantic Razor Clam. Modeled after a 0.5x Ensis scale device, the end effectors are 1.0x and 2.0x Ensis scale. The end effectors will be coupled to a pneumatic robotic actuator to explore the nondimensional relationships governing the digging dynamics of razor clams in littoral substrates. Such dynamics could be exploited to construct novel mimetic engineering devices which would provide an order-of-magnitude improvement over existing subsea burrowing and anchoring technologies.
by Mario Attilio Bollini.
S.B.

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3

Becker, Christopher R. (Christopher Ryan). "Drag coefficients on razor clams in slightly fluidized granular media." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/45783.

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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2008.
Includes bibliographical references.
Razor clams are able to burrow deeply into granular media with only a small fraction of force required by traditional anchoring devices. It is hypothesized that the collapse of their shell and subsequent localized fluidization of the media is responsible for a large reduction in drag, thereby allowing the clam to burrow. A test setup comprised of a fluidized bed connected to a pump with an attached ball valve for flow regulation is constructed which allows testing of drag force in conditions similar to that the clam experiences, as well as in an environment void of wall effects. Testing is done using a dead clam attached to a stainless steel rod which is passed through the fluidized bed to obtain accurate data for the razor clam. The result is that a slight fluidization to a void fraction between 40-45% gives a drag reduction which is more than sufficient for a clam to burrow at velocities seen in nature.
by Christopher R. Becker.
S.B.

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Jones, Caitrin Elizabeth. "The design of a compliant underwater angle sensor to investigate the kinematics of burrowing razor clams." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/54492.

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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2009.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 38).
This paper presents the detailed design process for a compliant underwater angle sensor to be used in analyzing the precise burrowing motions of razor clams in order to aid in the development of intelligent anchoring devices. The angle sensor was developed using a set of specific functional requirements, theoretical kinematic and structural models, and an iterative prototyping process. The resulting sensor is a device that can measure the angle between the two halves of a clam's shell versus time using a thermal-centric strain gauge configuration. The device is saltwater compatible, does not hinder the motions of the clam and only increases the axial drag on the clam by 2.3 to 5.5%. Data can now be collected using this sensor that will be important to creating a strategy for the coordination of the movements of a robotic anchor that would improve upon existing anchoring technologies for marine applications ranging from small boats, to Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs), to spy equipment.
by Caitrin Elizabeth Jones.
S.B.

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Muir, Samantha Deborah. "The biology of razor clams ('Ensis' spp.) and their emergent fishery on the west coast of Scotland." Thesis, University of London, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.406101.

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Dorsch, Daniel Scott. "The design of a fluidized bed for testing of a robotic burrowing device which mimics razor clams." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/74439.

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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2012.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 43).
This thesis reviews the design of a fluidized bed test setup for testing digging kinematics of RoboClam, a burrowing device based on Atlantic Razor Clams. This test bed allows for in-lab testing in an environment covered by water, eliminating the need to test in the mud flats where razor clams live. Between each RoboClam test, water is pumped through a distributor plate, which suspends and fluidizes the glass bead media, leading to redistribution of the substrate and unpacking. The new fluidized bed system has two key improvements over the current system. It improves the redistribution that is needed between each test to reset the substrate. Before each test it also unpacks the beads, which prevents packing over time created by the current vibration redistribution system that causes changes to the soil mechanics. This system will enable continued testing of the current RoboClam device and facilitate the development of the next generation burrowing device.
by Daniel Scott Dorsch.
S.B.

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7

"Self-Burrowing Mechanism and Robot Inspired by Razor Clams." Doctoral diss., 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.62988.

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abstract: The Atlantic razor clam burrows underground with effectiveness and efficiency by coordinating shape changings of its shell and foot. Inspired by the burrowing strategy of razor clams, this research is dedicated to developing a self-burrowing technology for active underground explorations by investigating the burrowing mechanism of razor clams from the perspective of soil mechanics. In this study, the razor clam was observed to burrow out of sands simply by extending and contracting its foot periodically. This upward burrowing gait is much simpler than its downward burrowing gait, which also involves opening/closing of the shell and dilation of the foot. The upward burrowing gait inspired the design of a self-burrowing-out soft robot, which drives itself out of sands naturally by extension and contraction through pneumatic inflation and deflation. A simplified analytical model was then proposed and explained the upward burrowing behavior of the robot and razor clams as the asymmetric nature of soil resistances applied on both ends due to the intrinsic stress gradient of sand deposits. To burrow downward, additional symmetry-breaking features are needed for the robot to increase the resistance in the upward burrowing direction and to decrease the resistance in the downward burrowing direction. A potential approach is by incorporating friction anisotropy, which was then experimentally demonstrated to affect the upward burrowing of the soft robot. The downward burrowing gait of razor clams provides another inspiration. By exploring the analogies between the downward burrowing gait and in-situ soil characterization methods, a clam-inspired shape-changing penetrator was designed and penetrated dry granular materials both numerically and experimentally. Results demonstrated that the shell opening not only contributes to forming a penetration anchor by compressing the surrounding particles, but also reduces the foot penetration resistance temporally by creating a stress arch above the foot; the shell closing facilitates the downward burrowing by reducing the friction resistance to the subsequent shell retraction. Findings from this research shed lights on the future design of a clam-inspired self-burrowing robot.
Dissertation/Thesis
Video for section A1 of APPENDIX A
Video for section A2 of APPENDIX A
Video for section A3 of APPENDIX A
Video for section B8 of APPENDIX B
Doctoral Dissertation Civil, Environmental and Sustainable Engineering 2020

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Books on the topic "Razor clam"

1

Ayres, Dan L. The spring and fall 1989 recreational razor clam fisheries and status of the razor clam stocks. Olympia, WA: State of Washington, Dept. of Fisheries, Shellfish Division, 1989.

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Ayres, Dan L. The spring and fall 1989 recreational razor clam fisheries and status of the razor clam stocks. Olympia, WA: State of Washington, Dept. of Fisheries, Shellfish Division, 1989.

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Ayres, Dan L. The 1991 razor clam fisheries and status of the razor clam stocks. Olympia, WA: State of Washington, Dept. of Fisheries, Marine Fish and Shellfish Program, 1992.

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Ayres, Dan L. The 1991 razor clam fisheries and status of the razor clam stocks. Olympia, WA: State of Washington, Dept. of Fisheries, Marine Fish and Shellfish Program, 1992.

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Ayres, Dan L. The 1992 and 1993 razor clam fisheries and status of the razor clam stocks. Olympia, WA: State of Washington, Dept. of Fish and Wildlife, 1994.

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Ayres, Dan L. The spring and fall 1990 recreational razor clam fisheries and status of the razor clam stocks. Olympia, WA: State of Washington, Dept. of Fisheries, 1991.

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Ayres, Dan L. Razor clam fisheries and status of the razor clam stocks, January 1994 through May 1995. Olympia, WA: State of Washington, Dept. of Fish and Wildlife, Fish Management Program, Region Six, 1997.

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Ayres, Dan L. Razor clam fisheries and status of the razor clam stocks, June 1995 through May 1997. Olympia, Wash: State of Washington, Dept. of Fish and Wildlife, Fish Management Program, Region Six, 1999.

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Ayres, Dan L. The spring and fall 1988 recreational razor clam fisheries with a review of razor clam sampling methodology. Olympia, WA: State of Washington, Dept. of Fisheries, Shellfish Division, 1988.

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Hooper, Thom. The spring 1987 recreational razor clam fishery. Olympia, WA: State of Washington, Dept. of Fisheries, Shellfish Division, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Razor clam"

1

Fahy, Edward, and Joanne Gaffney. "Growth statistics of an exploited razor clam (Ensis siliqua) bed at Gormanstown, Co Meath, Ireland." In Coastal Shellfish — A Sustainable Resource, 139–51. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0434-3_14.

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Saeedi, Hanieh, and Mark J. Costello. "The Biology, Ecology, and Societal Importance of Razor Clams." In Encyclopedia of the World's Biomes, 494–98. Elsevier, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-409548-9.11681-1.

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"The prediction of razor clams shelf-life based on kinetics model." In Advanced Engineering and Technology, 319–24. CRC Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b16699-51.

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Hoffmann, Roald. "Why Buy That Theory?" In Roald Hoffmann on the Philosophy, Art, and Science of Chemistry. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199755905.003.0006.

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The theory of theories goes like this: A theory will be accepted by a scientific community if it explains better (or more of) what is known, fits at its fringes with what is known in other parts of our universe, and makes verifiable, preferably risky, predictions. Sometimes it does go like that. So the theory that made my name (and added to the already recognized greatness of the man with whom I collaborated, the synthetic chemist of the 20th century, R. B. Woodward) did make sense of many disparate and puzzling observations in organic chemistry. And “orbital symmetry control,” as our complex of ideas came to be called, made some risky predictions. I remember well the day that Jerry Berson sent us his remarkable experimental results on the stereochemistry of the so- called 1,3-sigmatropic shift . It should proceed in a certain way, he reasoned from our theory—a non-intuitive way. And it did. But much that goes into the acceptance of theories has little to do with rationalization and prediction. Instead, I will claim, what matters is a heady mix of factors in which psychological attitudes figure prominently. A simple equation describing a physical phenomenon (better still, many), the molecule shaped like a Platonic solid with regular geometry, the simple mechanism (A→B, in one step)—these have tremendous aesthetic appeal, a direct beeline into our soul. They are beautifully simple, and simply beautiful. Theories of this type are awesome in the original sense of the word—who would deny this of the theory of evolution, the Dirac equation or general relativity? A little caution might be suggested from pondering the fact that political ads patently cater to our psychobiological predilection for simplicity. Is the world simple? Or do we just want it to be such? In the dreams of some, the beauty and simplicity of equations becomes a criterion for their truth. Simple theories seem to validate that idol of science, Ockham’s Razor. In preaching the poetic conciseness and generality of orbital explanations, I have succumbed to this, too.

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Conference papers on the topic "Razor clam"

1

Huang, Sichuan, and Junliang Tao. "Modeling of the Burrowing Mechanism by Razor Clam: Role of Penetration Kinematics." In IFCEE 2018. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784481585.053.

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Winter, Amos G., A. E. Hosoi, Alexander H. Slocum, and Robin L. H. Deits. "The Design and Testing of RoboClam: A Machine Used to Investigate and Optimize Razor Clam-Inspired Burrowing Mechanisms for Engineering Applications." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-86808.

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Razor clams (Ensis directus) are one of nature’s most adept burrowing organisms, able to dig to 70cm at nearly 1cm/s using only 0.21J/cm. Ensis reduces burrowing drag by using motions of its shell to fluidize a thin layer of substrate around its body. Although these shell motions have an energetic cost, moving through fluidized rather than packed soil results in exponentially lower overall energy consumption. This paper describes the design and testing of RoboClam, a device that mimics Ensis digging methods to understand the limits of razor clam-inspired burrowing, how they scale for different environments and conditions, and how they can be transferred into engineering applications. Using a genetic optimization solver, we found that RoboClam’s most efficient digging motion mimicked Ensis shell kinematics and yielded a power law relationship between digging energy and depth of n = 1.17, very close to the ideal value of n = 1. Pushing through static soil has a theoretical energy-depth power law of n = 2, which means that Ensis-inspired burrowing motions can provide exponentially higher energy efficiency and nearly depth-independent drag resistance.

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Zhang, Weijie, Chong Zhao, Xianjie Liu, Shibin Luo, and Yaqing Chang. "Notice of Retraction: Evaluation of Morphology Traits to Predict Weight Traits in the Razor Clam Solen strictus." In 2011 5th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2011.5780118.

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Huang, S., N. Mahabadi, and J. Tao. "Impact of Shell Opening of a Model Razor Clam on the Evolution of Force Chains in Granular Media." In Geo-Congress 2020. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784482834.030.

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Zhao, Bingxin, Lei Liu, Linsen Xu, Jinfu Liu, Lei Li, and Shuang Zhou. "Design and Analysis of a Novel and High-efficiency Axe-foot Part for Razor Clam Inspired Anchoring Robot." In 2021 IEEE International Conference on Real-time Computing and Robotics (RCAR). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rcar52367.2021.9517645.

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Winter, Amos G., Robin L. H. Deits, Daniel S. Dorsch, A. E. Hosoi, and Alexander H. Slocum. "Multi-Substrate Burrowing Performance and Constitutive Modeling of RoboClam: A Biomimetic Robot Based on Razor Clams." In ASME 2010 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2010-29060.

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The Atlantic razor clam (Ensis directus) reduces burrowing drag by using motions of its shell to fluidize a thin layer of substrate around its body. We have developed RoboClam, a robot that digs using the same mechanisms as Ensis, to explore how localized fluidization burrowing can be extended to engineering applications. In this work we present burrowing performance results of RoboClam in two distinctly different substrates: ideally granular 1mm soda lime glass beads and cohesive ocean mudflat soil. Using a genetic algorithm to optimize RoboClam’s kinematics, the machine was able to burrow in both substrates with a power law relationship between digging energy and depth of n = 1.17. Pushing through static soil has a theoretical energy-depth power law of n = 2, which means that Ensis-inspired burrowing motions can provide exponentially higher energy efficiency. We propose a theoretical constitutive model that describes how a fluidized region should form around a contracting body in virtually any type of saturated soil. The model predicts fluidization to be a relatively local effect, extending only two to three characteristic lengths away from the body, depending on friction angle and coefficient of lateral earth pressure, two commonly measured soil parameters.

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Winter, Amos G., Robin L. H. Deits, and Daniel S. Dorsch. "Critical Timescales for Burrowing in Undersea Substrates via Localized Fluidization, Demonstrated by RoboClam: A Robot Inspired by Atlantic Razor Clams." In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-12798.

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The Atlantic razor clam (Ensis directus) burrows into underwater soil by using motions of its shell to locally fluidize the surrounding substrate. The energy associated with movement through fluidized soil — characterized by a depth-independent density and viscosity — scales linearly with depth. In contrast, moving through static soil requires energy that scales with depth squared. For E. directus, this translates to a 10X reduction in the energy required to reach observed burrow depths. For engineers, localized fluidization offers a mechanically simple and purely kinematic method to dramatically reduce burrowing energy. This concept is demonstrated with RoboClam, an E. directus-inspired robot. Using a genetic algorithm to generate digging kinematics, RoboClam has achieved localized fluidization and burrowing performance comparable to that of the animal, with a linear energy-depth relationship. In this paper, we present the critical timescales and associated kinematics necessary for achieving localized fluidization, which are calculated from soil parameters and validated via RoboClam and E. directus testing.

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Dorsch, Daniel S., and Amos G. Winter. "Design of a Low Energy, Self Contained Subsea Burrowing Robot Based on Localized Fluidization Exhibited by Atlantic Razor Clams." In ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2014-34953.

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The Atlantic razor clam (Ensis directus) burrows by contracting its valves, fluidizing the surrounding soil and reducing burrowing drag. Moving through a fluidized, rather than static, soil requires energy that scales linearly with depth, rather than depth squared. In addition to providing an advantage for the animal, localized fluidization may provide significant value to engineering applications such as vehicle anchoring and underwater pipe installation. This paper presents the design of a self-actuated, radially expanding burrowing mechanism that utilizes E. directus’ burrowing methods. The device is sized to be a platform for an anchoring system for autonomous underwater vehicles. Scaling relationships presented allow for design of burrowing systems of different sizes for a variety of applications. The minimum contraction time for a given device size governs how quickly the device must move. Contraction displacement necessary to achieve fluidization is presented. The maximum force for a given size mechanism is also calculated, and allows for sizing actuators for different systems. This paper presents the design of a system that will allow testing of these parameters in a laboratory setting. These relationships provide the optimal sizing and power needs for various size subsea borrowing systems.

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Qiu, Xuemei, Xiangying Meng, Ying Yu, Haiying Liu, and Xiuli Wang. "Genetic Diversity and Relationships of Three Razor Clam Species (Sinonovacula constricta, Solen strictus and Solen grandis) Revealed by RAPD and ISSR Markers." In 2010 4th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2010.5515924.

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Areibat, Lila Elamari Mohamed, and Azlan Kamari. "Razor clam (Ensis directus) shell as a low-cost adsorbent for the removal of Congo red and Rhodamine B dyes from aqueous solution." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EDUCATION, MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE 2016 (ICEMS2016) IN CONJUNCTION WITH 4TH INTERNATIONAL POSTGRADUATE CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS 2016 (IPCSM2016). Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4983900.

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Reports on the topic "Razor clam"

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Antrim, L. D., W. W. Gardiner, K. L. Pohlod, and L. M. Karle. Dungeness crab and razor clam surveys at sites near Grays Harbor, Washington, and at Willapa Bay bar entrance, September 1993. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10121512.

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Vavrinec, John, Nancy P. Kohn, Kathleen D. Hall, and Brett A. Romano. Effects of burial by the disposal of dredged materials from the Columbia River on Pacific razor clams (Siliqua patula). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/903254.

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