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Dr., J. Ravi, Dickson S., Sathish kumar G., Mohan J., Akila R., and Muthukumar R. "A New Robust Distance Machine Leaning Approach to Edge and Corner Detection: RD-FAST." Journal of Statistics and Mathematical Engineering 4, no. 3 (2018): 31–44. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1994038.
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According to [1] the RD RANSAC gives better performance of other SAC procedures and associate with the concept of SFAST [2]. SFAST method gives better performance compared to FAST [3]. In this paper, to contribute a new approach in Robust Distance (RD) SAC to use in computer vision in specially edge and corner detection a technique is defined as RD-FAST. SFAST is based on S estimator, it’s used in standard deviation is the choice of distance. In this usual standard deviation is not performing well the data is irregular. To overcome this concept we use new approach of robust distance in FAST algorithm (RD-FAST). It is performing better compared to FAST and other FAST related methods. All experimental is carried out MATLAB software.
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Yu, Yang. "VOICE, CONTEXT, LANGUAGE - THE DEVELOPMENT OF HUNGARIAN MUSIC FROM DANCE TO MUSIC: A STUDY OF HUNGARIAN MUSIC FOCUSING ON "CHARDASHI"." Scientific heritage, no. 125 (November 23, 2023): 8–11. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10199717.
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Chardash (Hungarian: Cs á rd á s, Cz á rd á s, pronounced char'dash, derived from cs á rda, meaning inn), also known as Chardash, Chardash, Chardash, Chardash, Chardash, Chardash, Chardash, is a Hungarian folk dance. Originating from the Mazars and Gypsies. Chaldash originated from verbunkos in the 18th century and was originally a dance music used by Hungarian army conscripts. Its characteristic is the variation of rhythm: slow and fast. Start with a slow pace (class ú) and end with a fast pace (friss). There are also other types of rhythm changes, called ritka cs á rd á s, s ü r ü cs á rd á s, sz ö k ö s cs á rd á s. The music has a beat of 2/4 or 4/4. Dancers include both men and women. The female dancer wore a traditional wide skirt, usually a red one. When a female dancer rotates, the wide skirt will form a unique shape. Classical music composers often incorporate the Chardasian style into their works, including writers such as Liszt, Brahms, John Strauss, Tchaikovsky, and others. This article will introduce Hungarian music research represented by this art form and musical works.
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Ibrahim, S. R., J. C. Asmussen, and R. Brincker. "Vector Triggering Random Decrement for High Identification Accuracy." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 120, no. 4 (1998): 970–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2893928.
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Using the Random Decrement (RD) technique to obtain free response estimates and combining this with time domain modal identification methods to obtain the poles and the mode shapes is acknowledged as a fast and accurate way of analysing measured responses of structures subject to ambient loads. When commonly accepted triggering conditions are used however, the user is restricted to use a combination of auto RD and cross RD functions with high noise contents on the cross RD functions. Use of the auto RD functions alone causes the loss of phase information and thus the possibility of estimating mode shapes. In this paper a new algorithm based on pure auto triggering is suggested. Equivalent auto RD functions are estimated for all channels to obtain functions with a minimum of noise, using a vector triggering condition that preserves phase information, and thus, allows for estimation of both poles and mode shapes. The proposed technique (VRD) is compared with the traditional RD technique by evaluating modal parameters extracted from the RD and the VRD functions using ITD identification technique on simulated and experimentally obtained data.
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Gessa, Giorgio Di, and Paola Zaninotto. "Trajectories of Walking Speed and Cause-Specific Mortality: Evidence From England." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (2020): 290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.929.
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Abstract Decreased walking speed can predict adverse health-related outcomes such as falls and admissions to hospital. Experiencing fast decline in walking speed has also been associated with increased risk of ‘all-cause’ mortality. In this study, we investigate the links between walking speed trajectories and specific causes of death. We used data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, a large nationally representative survey which collects information biennially on people aged 50 and over in England since 2002. The sample consisted of 4,112 respondents eligible for a walking speed test at baseline who had not died before 2006. Rate of change in walking speed was derived from growth curve models and categorised in three trajectories (slow, moderate, and fast decline). We used competing risk analysis to explore the relationships between these trajectories and mortality, and their interactions with baseline wealth. During a mean of 9.5 years of follow-up, 1543 participants (37%) died (639 from cardiovascula disease -CVD, 311 from respiratory disease -RD, and 593 from cancer). Results suggest a significant difference in mortality across walking speed trajectories (with increased risk of death among those with fast declines) for CVD and RD deaths (P<0.001), even after controlling for baseline characteristics. There was no significant difference for cancer deaths (p=0.44). Further stratified analyses suggested that fast decline was associated with higher CVD and RD mortality even among those with an initial fast walking speed (>1.22 m/s). Strategies to maintain motor performances in later life have the potential to preserve life.
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Lee, Dokyung, and Jechang Jeong. "Fast CU Size Decision for HEVC Intra Coding by Using Local Characteristics and RD Costs." International Journal of Signal Processing Systems 5, no. 1 (2017): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijsps.5.1.7-11.
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Chen, Le, Yaozhong Hu, and David Nualart. "Nonlinear stochastic time-fractional slow and fast diffusion equations on Rd." Stochastic Processes and their Applications 129, no. 12 (2019): 5073–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spa.2019.01.003.
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Knapik, J. J., C. N. Meredith, B. H. Jones, L. Suek, V. R. Young, and W. J. Evans. "Influence of fasting on carbohydrate and fat metabolism during rest and exercise in men." Journal of Applied Physiology 64, no. 5 (1988): 1923–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1988.64.5.1923.
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Metabolic effects of an overnight fast (postabsorptive state, PA) or a 3.5-day fast (fasted state, F) were compared in eight healthy young men at rest and during exercise to exhaustion at 45% maximum O2 uptake. Glucose rate of appearance (Ra) and disappearance (Rd) were calculated from plasma glucose enrichment during a primed, continuous infusion of [6,6–2H]glucose. Serum substrates and insulin levels were measured and glycogen content of the vastus lateralis was determined in biopsies taken before and after exercise. At rest, whole-body glucose flux (determined by the deuterated tracer) and carbohydrate oxidation (determined from respiratory exchange ratio) were lower in F than PA, but muscle glycogen levels were similar. During exercise, glucose flux, whole-body carbohydrate oxidation, and the rate of muscle glycogen utilization were significantly lower during the fast. In the PA state, glucose Ra and Rd increased together throughout exercise. However, in the F state Ra exceeded Rd during the 1st h of exercise, causing an increase in plasma glucose to levels similar to those of the PA state. The increase in glucose flux was markedly less throughout F exercise. Lower carbohydrate utilization in the F state was accompanied by higher circulating fatty acids and ketone bodies, lower plasma insulin levels, and the maintenance of physical performance reflected by similar time to exhaustion.
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Li, Wei, Bing Zhou, and Xueli Huang. "Fast Inter Mode Decision Based on RD Costs and Frequencies of Modes." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 5, no. 1 (2009): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15501320802506067.
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Santos-Lima, R., G. Guerrero, E. M. de Gouveia Dal Pino, and A. Lazarian. "Diffusion of large-scale magnetic fields by reconnection in MHD turbulence." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 503, no. 1 (2021): 1290–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab470.
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ABSTRACT The rate of magnetic field diffusion plays an essential role in several astrophysical plasma processes. It has been demonstrated that the omnipresent turbulence in astrophysical media induces fast magnetic reconnection, which consequently leads to large-scale magnetic flux diffusion at a rate independent of the plasma microphysics. This process is called 'reconnection diffusion' (RD) and allows for the diffusion of fields, which are dynamically important. The current theory describing RD is based on incompressible magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence. In this work, we have tested quantitatively the predictions of the RD theory when magnetic forces are dominant in the turbulence dynamics (Alfvénic Mach number MA < 1). We employed the Pencil Code to perform numerical simulations of forced MHD turbulence, extracting the values of the diffusion coefficient ηRD using the test-field method. Our results are consistent with the RD theory ($\eta _{\rm RD} \sim M_{\rm A}^{3}$ for MA < 1) when turbulence approaches the incompressible limit (sonic Mach number MS ≲ 0.02), while for larger MS the diffusion is faster ($\eta _{\rm RD} \sim M_{\rm A}^{2}$). This work shows for the first time simulations of compressible MHD turbulence with the suppression of the cascade in the direction parallel to the mean magnetic field, which is consistent with incompressible weak turbulence theory. We also verified that in our simulations the energy cascading time does not follow the scaling with MA predicted for the weak regime, in contradiction with the RD theory assumption. Our results generally support and expand the RD theory predictions.
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Geng, Xiao, Jianan Tang, Bridget Sheridan, et al. "Ultra-Fast Laser Fabrication of Alumina Micro-Sample Array and High-Throughput Characterization of Microstructure and Hardness." Crystals 11, no. 8 (2021): 890. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11080890.
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In the light of recent advances in material informatics, there is a great demand for high-throughput approaches of sample fabrication and property characterization. Currently, no high-throughput approach has been demonstrated for the fast sampling of the microstructure and the correlated properties. In this paper, we demonstrate the ultra-fast fabrication of an alumina sample array and the high-throughput hardness characterization of these sample units. The alumina sample array was fabricated using picosecond (PS) laser micromachining and CO2 laser sintering within a short time (i.e., less than a few minutes). After laser sintering, the hardness of these sample units was characterized using micro-indentation, and the microstructure was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In each sample unit, the microstructure was uniform for the entire top surface and within about 20 µm depth from the top surface. The relative density (RD) and corresponding micro-hardness of the sample units was found to continuously vary over a wide range from 89% RD with 600 kgf/mm2 hardness to 99% RD with 1609 kgf/mm2 hardness. For these laser-sintered samples, the correlation of hardness and relative density of the alumina matched well with the literature reports on sintered alumina obtained using conventional low-throughput furnace sintering experiments.
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Yang, Kyungmi, Shin-Yeong Kim, Ji-Hye Park, et al. "Topical Application of Phlorotannins from Brown Seaweed Mitigates Radiation Dermatitis in a Mouse Model." Marine Drugs 18, no. 8 (2020): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md18080377.
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Radiation dermatitis (RD) is one of the most common side effects of radiotherapy; its symptoms progress from erythema to dry and moist desquamation, leading to the deterioration of the patients’ quality of life. Active metabolites in brown seaweed, including phlorotannins (PTNs), show anti-inflammatory activities; however, their medical use is limited. Here, we investigated the effects of PTNs in a mouse model of RD in vivo. X-rays (36 Gy) were delivered in three fractions to the hind legs of BALB/c mice. Macroscopic RD scoring revealed that PTNs significantly mitigated RD compared with the vehicle control. Histopathological analyses of skin tissues revealed that PTNs decreased epidermal and dermal thickness compared with the vehicle control. Western blotting indicated that PTNs augmented nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathway activation but attenuated radiation-induced NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) and inflammasome activation, suggesting the mitigation of acute inflammation in irradiated mouse skin. PTNs also facilitated fast recovery, as indicated by increased aquaporin 3 expression and decreased γH2AX (histone family member X) expression. Our results indicate that topical PTN application may alleviate RD symptoms by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammatory signaling and by promoting the healing process. Therefore, PTNs may show great potential as cosmeceuticals for patients with cancer suffering from radiation-induced inflammatory side effects such as RD.
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Ukkonen, Esko. "Geometric Point Pattern Matching in the Knuth-Morris-Pratt Way." JUCS - Journal of Universal Computer Science 16, no. (14) (2010): 1902–11. https://doi.org/10.3217/jucs-016-14-1902.
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Given finite sets P and T of points in the Euclidean space Rd, the point pattern matching problem studied in this paper is to find all translations f ∈ Rd such that P + f ⊆ T. A fast search algorithm with some variants is presented for point patterns P that have regular grid-like geometric shape. The algorithm is analogous to the Knuth-Morris-Pratt algorithm of string matching. The time requirement of the search is O(r|T|) where r is the grid dimension of P. Pattern P has grid dimension r = 1 if it consists of evenly spaced points on a line. In general, a pattern P is an r-dimensional grid if it has for some p ∈ P and e1, ... , er ∈ Rd and positive integers m1, ... , mr a representation P = {p + i1e1 + ⋅⋅⋅ + irer | 0 ≤ ij ≤ mj} where the ij's are integers. Both P and T are given to the search algorithm in the lexicographic order.
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Romano, Luigi U., Marta Rigoni, Emanuele Torri, et al. "A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis to Assess the Outcomes in Pre- and Post-Fast-Track Hip and Knee Elective Prosthesis Patients." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 4 (2021): 741. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10040741.
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Fast-track surgery is a multimodal evidence-based approach to perioperative care aimed at reducing complications and recovery time. We compared a fast-track protocol to standard care in the setting of a small Italian general hospital. Propensity score estimation before and after the study was performed to compare pre-fast-track (pre-FT; January 2013–March 2014) and fast-track (FT; January 2016–December 2016) patients undergoing elective hip and knee replacement surgery with a three-year follow-up (up to January 2020). The primary endpoints were the mean hemoglobin drop, mean predischarge hemoglobin, transfusion and reinfusion rates, pain, ambulation day, hospital length of stay (LOS), and discharge to home/outpatient care or rehabilitation hospital center. The secondary endpoints were the adherence measures to the FT protocol, namely, tourniquet and surgical times, use of drains and catheters, type of anesthesia administered, and complications within three years. The risk difference (RD) and the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) were calculated for each outcome. After the propensity score estimation, we analyzed 59 patients in the pre-FT and 122 in the FT categories. The FT patients, with respect to the pre-FT patients, ameliorated their mean hemoglobin drop from 3.7 to 3.1 g/dl (p < 0.01) and improved their predischarge mean hemoglobin (10.5 g/dL versus 11.0 g/dL; p = 0.01). Furthermore, the aOR of being transfused was reduced by 81% (p < 0,01); the RD of being reinfused was reduced by 63% (p < 0.01); the aOR of having low pain on the first day was increased by more than six times (p < 0.01); the RD of ambulating the first day increased by 91% (p < 0.01); the aOR of admission to a rehabilitation hospital center was reduced by 98% (p < 0.01); the aOR of home discharge increased by 42 times (p < 0.01); the median LOS, tourniquet and surgical times, and use of catheters and drains significantly decreased. Patients with complications at 1 month were 43.1% and 38.2%, respectively, of pre-FT and FT patients (p = 0.63). Complications at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months were significantly lower for the FT patients. This study showed that the uptake of enhanced recovery practices was successful and resulted in the improvement of clinical and organizational outcomes. The fast-track concept and related programs may optimize perioperative care and streamline surgical and rehabilitation care paths.
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Cui, Yansong, Weizheng Ren, and Zhongliang Deng. "Fast Mode Decision for HD Scalable Video Coding via Statistical Content Analysis." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 32, no. 08 (2018): 1855011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021800141855011x.
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Scalable video coding (SVC) can provide different bitrate, resolution, or quality formats of the same video through the one-time encoding process. However, SVC also increases encoding complexity significantly, making real-time implementations difficult especially when applied to high definition videos. In this work, we proposed to utilize a fast mode decision algorithm to speed up the SVC encoder. A simple model of the relationship of the video complexity is proposed, the rate-distortion (RD) cost and the statistical mode distribution of the enhancement layer (EL). The proposed mode decision algorithm evaluates the complexity of the video content, then sets the rate distortion RD cost thresholds for inter coding modes. The method also optimizes the process INTRA_BL for I slices. We demonstrate the method using four different resolutions (1080p, 720p, VGA and QVGA), four temporal layers, and two quality layers. We find that the proposed algorithm can reduce the computational complexity significantly while maintaining or even improving encoder efficiency.
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Prachi, Gupta, Arun Bhople Girij, D. Patil Ashwin, and Vishnu Boraste Sushil. "Analysis of Anaesthetic Outcome of Ropivacaine Alone and Combination with Dexmedetomidine in Caesarean Section." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 15, no. 3 (2023): 150–56. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12690499.
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<strong>Background: </strong>Ropivacaine is an amino amide family of local anaesthetics that has been introduced not too long ago. It has been used for regional blocks since some time but recently its use has been seen in spinal anaesthesia, according to several recent reports. Intrathecally given dexmedetomidine is a highly selective 2-adrenergic agonist. At the spinal cord level, dexmedetomidine principally affects 2 receptors. The combination of Ropivacaine along with Dexmedetomidine has been seen in rather few studies hence we have conducted such a study to observe the efficacy of these drugs. <strong>Aims and Objectives: </strong>To find out the efficiency of the sensory and motor block with ropivacaine alone and ropivacaine with dexmedetomidine. <strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective analytical interventional comparative randomized study was conducted from February 2021 to January 2023 on patients who are undergoing cesarean section in the department of anaesthesia in tertiary care hospital. The study considered 80 patients of ASA physical class I and II who were posted for cesarean section at our hospital were selected for the study. The study population was randomly selected based on the closed-sealed opaque envelope technique into 2 groups as mentioned above, with the dose of 13.5mg Ropivacaine alone and the other group with 13.5mg Ropivacaine with 5mcg Dexmedetomidine. <strong>Results: </strong>The time of onset and completion is fast in a sensory block of RD. the total duration of anaesthesia in the body is highest in RD of the sensory block than in the motor block. The motor blockage is similar in both the groups and highest on scale III compared to I. nausea is the most common complication (15%) seen in ropivacaine the bradycardia in RD (5%). The onset of analgesia is fast in the RD group. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>Present study concluded that ropivacaine with dexmedetomidine produces a rapid and more prolonged motor and sensory block and provides a longer duration of postoperative analgesia as compared to ropivacaine alone.
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Frittelli, Massimo, Ivonne Sgura, and Benedetto Bozzini. "Turing patterns in a 3D morpho-chemical bulk-surface reaction-diffusion system for battery modeling." Mathematics in Engineering 6, no. 2 (2024): 363–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/mine.2024015.
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<abstract><p>In this paper we introduce a bulk-surface reaction-diffusion (BS-RD) model in three space dimensions (3D) that extends the so-called DIB morphochemical model to account for the electrolyte contribution in the application, in order to study structure formation during discharge-charge processes in batteries. Here we propose to approximate the model by the bulk-surface virtual element method (BS-VEM) on a tailor-made mesh that proves to be competitive with fast bespoke methods for PDEs on Cartesian grids. We present a selection of numerical simulations that accurately match the classical morphologies found in experiments. Finally, we compare the Turing patterns obtained by the coupled 3D BS-RD model with those obtained with the original 2D version.</p></abstract>
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Sarchielli, Erica, Paolo Comeglio, Sandra Filippi, et al. "Testosterone improves muscle fiber asset and exercise performance in a metabolic syndrome model." Journal of Endocrinology 245, no. 2 (2020): 259–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/joe-19-0532.
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Lifestyle modifications, including physical exercise (PhyEx), are well-known treatments for metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors often associated to hypogonadism. Given the trophic role of testosterone on skeletal muscle (SkM), this study was aimed at evaluating the effects of testosterone treatment on SkM metabolism and exercise performance in male rabbits with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced MetS. HFD rabbits, treated or not with testosterone (30 mg/kg/week) for 12 weeks, were compared to regular diet animals (RD). A subset of each group was exercise-trained for 12 weeks. HFD increased type-II (fast, glycolytic) and decreased type-I (slow, oxidative) muscle fibers compared to RD as evaluated by RT-PCR and histochemistry. Testosterone reverted these effects, also inducing the expression of mitochondrial respiration enzymes and normalizing HFD-induced mitochondrial cristae reduction. Moreover, testosterone significantly increased the expression of myogenic/differentiation markers and genes related to glucidic/lipid metabolism. At the end of the PhyEx protocol, when compared to RD, HFD rabbits showed a significant reduction of running distance and running time, while testosterone counteracted this effect, also decreasing lactate production. In the trained groups, muscle histology showed a significant reduction of oxidative fibers in HFD compared to RD and the positive effect of testosterone in maintaining oxidative metabolism, as also demonstrated by analyzing mitochondrial ultrastructure, succinate dehydrogenase activity and ATP production. Our results indicate that testosterone could be useful to promote oxidative muscle metabolism altered by MetS, thus improving exercise performance. Conversely, testosterone administration to otherwise eugonadal rabbits (RD) only increased muscle fiber diameter but not endurance performance.
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Khalafalla, Mohammed, Kaili Jiang, Kailun Tian, Hancong Feng, Ying Xiong, and Bin Tang. "Two-Dimensional Target Localization Approach via a Closed-Form Solution Using Range Difference Measurements Based on Pentagram Array." Remote Sensing 16, no. 8 (2024): 1370. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16081370.
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This paper presents a simple and fast closed-form solution approach for two-dimensional (2D) target localization using range difference (RD) measurements. The formulation of the localization problem is derived using a pentagram array. The target position is determined using passive radar measurements (RDs) between the target and the (N+1=10) receivers’ locations. The method facilitates the problem of target position and can be used as a counter-parallel method for spherical interpolation (SI) and spherical intersection (SX) methods in time difference of arrival (TDOA) and radar systems. The performance of the method is examined in 2D target localization using numerical analysis under the distribution of receivers in the pentagram array. The simulations are conducted using four different far-distance targets and comparatively large-area distributed receivers. The RD measurements were distorted by two different values of Gaussian errors based on ionosphedriec time delays of 20 and 50 nsec owing to the different receivers’ positions. The findings highly verified the validity of the method for addressing the problem of target localization. Additionally, a theoretical accuracy study of the method is given, which solely relies on the RD measurements.
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Frexes-Steed, M., M. L. Warner, N. Bulus, P. Flakoll, and N. N. Abumrad. "Role of insulin and branched-chain amino acids in regulating protein metabolism during fasting." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 258, no. 6 (1990): E907—E917. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1990.258.6.e907.
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This study examines the independent effects of insulin and amino acids on protein metabolism after a 12-h and 4-day fast in healthy volunteers. Leucine (Leu) kinetics were examined during sequential insulin infusions of 0 (group I) or 0.0125 (groups II and III), 1.2, and 10 mU.kg-1.min-1. Plasma Leu was maintained at 12-h fasted levels in groups I and II and at 84-h fasted levels in group III. Four-day fast (vs. 1 day, P less than 0.01) was associated with a 79% drop in plasma insulin and elevations in plasma Leu (122%), Leu rates of appearance (Ra) (21%), and Leu oxidation (56%), and no change in nonoxidative rates of disappearance (Rd). Insulin resulted in a dose-dependent suppression of endogenous Leu Ra with group III = I greater than II. Leu oxidation rose 1.7-fold in group III at the highest insulin dose but remained stable in the two other groups. In conclusion, 4-day fasting is associated with enhanced proteolysis and Leu oxidation with no change in nonoxidative Rd (protein synthesis). Elevated branched-chain (and other) amino acids were required to restore tissue sensitivity and specificity to the effects of insulin on protein metabolism after 4 days of fasting.
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Su, Xiaoke, Yaqiong Liu, and Qiuwen Zhang. "Fast Depth Map Coding Algorithm for 3D-HEVC Based on Gradient Boosting Machine." Electronics 13, no. 13 (2024): 2586. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics13132586.
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Three-Dimensional High-Efficiency Video Coding (3D-HEVC) has been extensively researched due to its efficient compression and deep image representation, but encoding complexity continues to pose a difficulty. This is mainly attributed to redundancy in the coding unit (CU) recursive partitioning process and rate–distortion (RD) cost calculation, resulting in a complex encoding process. Therefore, enhancing encoding efficiency and reducing redundant computations are key objectives for optimizing 3D-HEVC. This paper introduces a fast-encoding method for 3D-HEVC, comprising an adaptive CU partitioning algorithm and a rapid rate–distortion-optimization (RDO) algorithm. Based on the ALV features extracted from each coding unit, a Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM) model is constructed to obtain the corresponding CU thresholds. These thresholds are compared with the ALV to further decide whether to continue dividing the coding unit. The RDO algorithm is used to optimize the RD cost calculation process, selecting the optimal prediction mode as much as possible. The simulation results show that this method saves 52.49% of complexity while ensuring good video quality.
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Yoo, Hyang-Mi, Soo-Yeon Shin, and Jae-Won Suh. "Fast CU Decision Algorithm using the Initial CU Size Estimation and PU modes' RD Cost." Journal of Broadcast Engineering 19, no. 3 (2014): 405–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5909/jbe.2014.19.3.405.
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Yang, Yanbo, Hailiang Lv, Yujie Fu, Xingyuan He, and Wenjie Wang. "Associations between Road Density, Urban Forest Landscapes, and Structural-Taxonomic Attributes in Northeastern China: Decoupling and Implications." Forests 10, no. 1 (2019): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10010058.
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A better understanding on the associations between road density (RD), urban forest structural-taxonomic attributes, and landscape metrics is vital for forest ecological service evaluations and suitable management in sprawling urban areas with increasing road networks. We chose Harbin, a fast growing provincial capital city in northeast China, as a case study to address this issue. We utilized ArcGIS software (Esri, version 10.0; Redlands, CA, USA) and FRAGSTATS (V4.2.589) to digitize GF-1 images (Gaofen No.1 remote sensing images) to acquire road net characteristic information and landscape metrics of urban forests in Harbin. Together with forest structural-taxonomic attributes from a stratified random sampling survey, statistical methods such as an analysis of variance, a regression analysis, and a redundancy analysis were used to determine the road-dependent differences and to decouple the associations between them. The results indicated that road area percentages, road length/imperious surface area (ISA) ratios, road area/ISA ratios, and road cross-points sharply increased from low to heavy RD areas. This road intensification was strongly associated with increased urban forest area, patch density, and diverse patch shapes; smaller tree sizes, lower tree densities, and diverse tree species compositions were generally observed. Redundancy-based variation partitioning showed that part of the variations in structural-taxonomic attributes of forests could be explained by road intensity characteristics. In low RD (0–1.5 km/km2) regions, the road characteristics significantly affected forest characteristics (Shannon Wiener diversity index, species richness, and evenness index); however, such associations weakened with increasing forest landscape-related associations in medium to heavy RD (1.5–6 km/km2) regions. Our findings highlighted that road development is strongly associated with forest characteristics in Harbin city, and RD-dependent forest landscape regulating management could favor the maximization of forest ecological services that are related to structural and species identities.
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Basu, Rita, W. Frederick Schwenk, and Robert A. Rizza. "Both fasting glucose production and disappearance are abnormal in people with “mild” and “severe” type 2 diabetes." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 287, no. 1 (2004): E55—E62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00549.2003.
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To determine whether regulation of fasting endogenous glucose production (EGP) and glucose disappearance (Rd) are both abnormal in people with type 2 diabetes, EGP and Rd were measured in 7 “severe” (SD), 9 “mild” (MD), and 12 nondiabetic (ND) subjects (12.7 ± 0.6 vs. 8.1 ± 0.4 vs. 5.1 ± 0.4 mmol/l) after an overnight fast and during a hyperglycemic pancreatic clamp. Fasting insulin was higher in both the SD and MD than ND subjects, whereas fasting glucagon only was increased ( P < 0.05) in SD. Fasting EGP, glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, and Rd all were increased ( P < 0.05) in SD but did not differ in MD or ND. On the other hand, when glucose (∼11 mmol/l), insulin (∼72 pmol/l), and glucagon (∼140 pg/ml) concentrations were raised to values similar to those observed in the severe diabetic subjects, EGP was higher ( P < 0.001) and Rd lower ( P < 0.01) in both SD and MD than in ND. The higher EGP in the SD and MD than ND during the clamp was the result of increased ( P < 0.05) rates of glycogenolysis (4.2 ± 1.7 vs. 3.5 ± 1.0 vs. 0.0 ± 0.8 μmol·kg−1·min−1), since gluconeogenesis did not differ among groups. We conclude that neither glucose production nor disappearance is appropriate for the prevailing glucose and insulin concentrations in people with mild or severe diabetes. Both increased rates of gluconeogenesis (likely because of higher glucagon concentrations) and lack of suppression of glycogenolysis contribute to excessive glucose production in type 2 diabetics.
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Lonnie, Marta, Lidia Wadolowska, Jakub Morze, and Elzbieta Bandurska-Stankiewicz. "Associations of Dietary-Lifestyle Patterns with Obesity and Metabolic Health: Two-Year Changes in MeDiSH® Study Cohort." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 20 (2022): 13647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013647.
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This study aimed to evaluate changes in diet, adiposity, and metabolic outcomes after two years. In all, 358 Polish men aged 19–40 years old participated in the study. Data regarding dietary and lifestyle characteristics as well as family, socio-economic, and demographic status were collected using the food frequency questionnaire KomPAN®. Dietary lifestyle patterns were previously derived from data for 358 men by principal component analysis (PCA). Changes over time were examined in 95 men who returned after two years by calculating relative differences (RD, %) in mean values and markers distribution. Diet quality was described with two predefined scores: pro-Healthy-Diet-Index (pHDI) and non-Healthy-Diet-Index (nHDI). After two years, changes were observed in diet quality and metabolic health markers. No significant changes were observed in family, socio-economic, and demographic status, as well as other lifestyle factors. In the “sandwiches and convenience foods” pattern, an nHDI decrease (RD = −25.3%) was associated with a fasting blood glucose decrease (RD = −6.1%). In the “protein food, fried-food and recreational physical activity” and the “healthy diet, activity at work, former smoking” patterns, pHDI decreases (RD = −13.6% and −14.6%, respectively,) were associated with an adiposity increase. In the “fast foods and stimulants” pattern, no changes in pHDI and nHDI were observed, while adiposity markers and systolic blood pressure worsened. Conclusion: in the two-year perspective, dietary improvement was associated with improved glycemic control, despite no changes in body weight, while worsening of the diet quality or maintenance of unhealthy dietary behaviours were associated with the deterioration of metabolic health.
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Wang, Ting, Geng Wei, Huayu Li, ThiOanh Bui, Qian Zeng, and Ruliang Wang. "A Method to Reduce the Intra-Frame Prediction Complexity of HEVC Based on D-CNN." Electronics 12, no. 9 (2023): 2091. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12092091.
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Among a series of video coding standards jointly developed by ITU-T, VCEG, and MPEG, high-efficiency video coding (HEVC) is one of the most widely used video coding standards today. Therefore, it is still necessary to further reduce the coding complexity of HEVC. In the HEVC standard, a flexible partitioning procedure entitled “quad-tree partition” is proposed to significantly improve the coding efficiency, which, however, leads to high coding complexity. To reduce the coding complexity of the intra-frame prediction, this paper proposes a scheme based on a densely connected convolution neural network (D-CNN) to predict the partition of coding units (CUs). Firstly, a densely connected block was designed to improve the efficiency of the CU partition by fully extracting the pixel features of CTU. Then, efficient channel attention (ECA) and adaptive convolution kernel size were applied to a fast CU partition for the first time to capture the information of the D-CNN convolution channels. Finally, a threshold optimization strategy was formulated to select the best threshold for each depth to further balance the computation complexity of video coding and the performance of RD. The experimental results show that the proposed method reduces the encoding time of HEVC by 60.14%, with a negligible reduction in RD performance, which is better than the existing fast partitioning methods.
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Rubenthaler, Sylvain, Tobias Rydén, and Magnus Wiktorsson. "Fast simulated annealing in Rd with an application to maximum likelihood estimation in state-space models." Stochastic Processes and their Applications 119, no. 6 (2009): 1912–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spa.2008.09.007.
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Mohamed, Abdullahi, and Suriana Salimin. "THD performance of single phase five level inverter using proportional resonant and harmonic compensators current controller." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 11, no. 3 (2020): 1423. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v11.i3.pp1423-1429.
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<span lang="EN-US">This paper observe the total harmonic distortion (THD) performance of single phase five level inverter using proportional resonant (PR) and harmonic compensators current controller. The THD when adding PR current controller was 1.6% at first. After more functions were added to the PR current controller to reduce the THD at the 3<sup>rd</sup>, 5<sup>th</sup> and 7<sup>th</sup> harmonic orders, the THD of the 3<sup>rd</sup> harmonic order was reduced from 0.45% to 0.1% while the 5<sup>th</sup> and 7<sup>th</sup> harmonic orders were reduced from 0.6% and 0.43% to 0.25% and 0.4% respectively. The development and simulation is performed using Matlab/Simulink. The simulation result is performed by using Fast Fourier Transform analysis (FFT) for the harmonics captured.</span>
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Sanchez, Paolo Rommel, and Hong Zhang. "Simulation-Aided Development of a CNN-Based Vision Module for Plant Detection: Effect of Travel Velocity, Inferencing Speed, and Camera Configurations." Applied Sciences 12, no. 3 (2022): 1260. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12031260.
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In recent years, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) has become an attractive method to recognize and localize plant species in unstructured agricultural environments. However, developed systems suffer from unoptimized combinations of the CNN model, computer hardware, camera configuration, and travel velocity to prevent missed detections. Missed detection occurs if the camera does not capture a plant due to slow inferencing speed or fast travel velocity. Furthermore, modularity was less focused on Machine Vision System (MVS) development. However, having a modular MVS can reduce the effort in development as it will allow scalability and reusability. This study proposes the derived parameter, called overlapping rate (ro), or the ratio of the camera field of view (S) and inferencing speed (fps) to the travel velocity (v⇀) to theoretically predict the plant detection rate (rd) of an MVS and aid in developing a CNN-based vision module. Using performance from existing MVS, the values of ro at different combinations of inferencing speeds (2.4 to 22 fps) and travel velocity (0.1 to 2.5 m/s) at 0.5 m field of view were calculated. The results showed that missed detections occurred when ro was less than 1. Comparing the theoretical detection rate (rd,th) to the simulated detection rate (rd,sim) showed that rd,th had a 20% margin of error in predicting plant detection rate at very low travel distances (<1 m), but there was no margin of error when travel distance was sufficient to complete a detection pattern cycle (≥10 m). The simulation results also showed that increasing S or having multiple vision modules reduced missed detection by increasing the allowable v⇀max. This number of needed vision modules was equal to rounding up the inverse of ro. Finally, a vision module that utilized SSD MobileNetV1 with an average effective inferencing speed of 16 fps was simulated, developed, and tested. Results showed that the rd,th and rd,sim had no margin of error in predicting ractual of the vision module at the tested travel velocities (0.1 to 0.3 m/s). Thus, the results of this study showed that ro can be used to predict rd and optimize the design of a CNN-based vision-equipped robot for plant detections in agricultural field operations with no margin of error at sufficient travel distance.
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Hendrick, G. K., R. T. Frizzell, and A. D. Cherrington. "Effect of somatostatin on nonesterified fatty acid levels modifies glucose homeostasis during fasting." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 253, no. 4 (1987): E443—E452. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1987.253.4.e443.
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In the 7-day fasted conscious dog, unlike the postabsorptive conscious dog, somatostatin infusion results in decreased levels of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) and increased glucose utilization (Rd) even when insulin and glucagon levels are held constant. The aim of this study was to determine whether NEFA replacement in such animals would prevent the increase in Rd. In each of three protocols there was an 80-min tracer equilibration period, a 40-min basal period, and a 3-h test period. During the test period in the first protocol saline was infused, in the second protocol somatostatin was infused along with intraportal replacement amounts of insulin and glucagon ("hormone replacement"), while in the third protocol somatostatin plus the pancreatic hormones were infused with concurrent heparin plus Intralipid infusion ("hormone replacement + NEFA"). Glucose turnover was assessed using [3-3H]glucose. The peripheral levels of insulin, glucagon, and glucose were similar and constant in all three protocols; however, during somatostatin infusion, exogenous glucose infusion was necessary to maintain euglycemia. The NEFA level was constant during saline infusion and decreased in the hormone replacement protocol. In the hormone replacement plus NEFA protocol, the NEFA level did not change during the first 90-min period and then increased during the second 90-min period. Rd was constant during saline infusion, increased in the hormone replacement protocol, but was constant in the hormone replacement plus NEFA protocol. After a prolonged fast in the dog, 1) somatostatin directly or indirectly inhibits adipose tissue NEFA release and causes a decrease in the plasma NEFA level, and 2) this decrease in the NEFA level causes an increase in Rd.
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Sadruddin, Salim, Ibad ul Haque Khan, Matthew P. Fox, et al. "Comparison of 3 Days Amoxicillin Versus 5 Days Co-Trimoxazole for Treatment of Fast-breathing Pneumonia by Community Health Workers in Children Aged 2–59 Months in Pakistan: A Cluster-randomized Trial." Clinical Infectious Diseases 69, no. 3 (2018): 397–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciy918.
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Abstract Background Globally, most deaths due to childhood pneumonia occur at the community level. Some countries are still using oral co-trimoxazole, despite a World Health Organization recommendation of oral amoxicillin for the treatment of fast-breathing pneumonia in children at the community level. Methods We conducted an unblinded, cluster-randomized, controlled-equivalency trial in Haripur District, Pakistan. Children 2–59 months of age with fast-breathing pneumonia were treated with oral amoxicillin suspension (50 mg/kg/day) for 3 days in 14 intervention clusters and oral co-trimoxazole suspension (8 mg trimethoprim/kg and 40 mg sulfamethoxazole/kg/day) for 5 days in 14 control clusters by lady health workers (LHW). The primary outcome was treatment failure by day 4 for intervention clusters and by day 6 for control clusters. The analysis was per protocol. Results Out of the 15 749 cases enrolled in the study, 9153 cases in intervention and 6509 cases in control clusters were included in the analysis. Treatment failure rates were 3.6% (326) in intervention clusters and 9.1% (592) in control clusters. After adjusting for clustering, the risk of treatment failure was lower in intervention clusters (risk difference [RD] -5.5%, 95% confidence interval [CI] -7.4–-3.7%) than in control clusters. Children with incomplete adherence had a small increase in treatment failure versus those with complete adherence (RD 2.9%, 95% CI 1.6–4.1%). No deaths or serious adverse events occurred. Conclusions A 3-day course of oral amoxicillin, administered by LHWs, is an effective and safe treatment for fast-breathing pneumonia in children 2–59 months of age. A shorter course of amoxicillin improves adherence to therapy, is low in cost, and puts less pressure on antimicrobial resistance. Clinical Trials Registration ISRCTN10618300.
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Eberstaller, Jürgen, Roland Schmalfuß, Doris Eberstaller-Fleischanderl, et al. "LIFE+ Traisen: Der neue Fluss – die Umsetzung." Österreichische Wasser- und Abfallwirtschaft 70, no. 5-6 (2018): 272–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00506-018-0474-8.
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ZusammenfassungDie Mündung der Traisen wurde beim Bau des Donaukraftwerkes Altenwörth ins Unterwasser des Kraftwerkes verlegt und verläuft in diesem Abschnitt als reguliertes, geradliniges Gerinne durch das Natura-2000-Gebiet „Tullnerfelder Donauauen“. Im Zuge des LIFE+ Projekts wurde ein ca. 10 km langer, pendelnd-mäandrierender Flussabschnitt neu angelegt, der sich bei Hochwasser dynamisch verändern soll. In den angrenzenden Umlandabsenkungen entstanden vielfältige Standorte für einen durch natürliche Sukzessionsprozesse geprägten Auwald und Augewässer. Ab einem Abfluss der Größe eines etwa 1‑jährlichen Hochwassers (HQ1) trägt auch das bisherige, im Bestand belassene Flussbett zur Hochwasserabfuhr bei. Damit verbleibt bei bettbildenden Hochwässern (HQ1 bis HQ2) fast der gesamte Abfluss im neuen Flussbett und stellt eine ausreichende Dynamik sicher.Durch die großräumige Geländeabsenkung bei der Errichtung des Flussbettes und seines angrenzenden Umlandes ergab sich ein Materialüberschuss von rd. 1,5 Mio. m3. Diese Kieskubatur wurde einerseits für die Geschiebebewirtschaftung im Bereich der Unterwassersicherung des Donaukraftwerkes Wien-Freudenau verwendet, andererseits auch der Bauwirtschaft zugeführt. Der Abtransport erfolgte in großen Teilen per Schiff über die Wasserstraße Donau. Rd. 1,6 Mio. m3 Feinsediment (Aulehm und Ausand) wurden nach der Kiesentnahme innerhalb des Projektgebietes im Bereich der Umlandabsenkungen wieder eingebaut, in geringem Umfang auch für randliche Vorschüttungen im alten Traisenbett genutzt.Neben der Schaffung von rd. 30 ha fließgewässertypischen Lebensraums als Beitrag zur Erreichung des guten ökologischen Potenzials im angrenzenden Wasserkörper der Donau (d. i. der Stauraum des Donaukraftwerkes Greifenstein) liegen die Schwerpunkte des Projekts in der Herstellung der Durchgängigkeit des Mündungsabschnitts der Traisen für Fische und in der großflächigen Neuschaffung flussbegleitender Überflutungszonen (rd. 60 ha) mit der für das Europaschutzgebiet typischen Silberweidenau. Damit stellt dieses Projekt sowohl hinsichtlich Planungsraum als auch Bauvolumen das größte LIFE+ Natur-Projekt Österreichs dar und ist zugleich eines der größten Revitalisierungsvorhaben in Mitteleuropa.Mit der Projektumsetzung wurde 2013 begonnen, die Fertigstellung der Baumaßnahmen erfolgte Ende des Jahres 2016. Erste Monitoringergebnisse belegen deutliche Verbesserungen der gewässerökologischen Verhältnisse.
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Качан, Т. В., О. В. Скрыпник, Л. Н. Марченко, and А. А. Далидович. "Features of Differential Diagnosis and Treatment of Peripheral Retinal Tears and Retinal Detachments." Офтальмология. Восточная Европа, no. 1 (March 3, 2022): 68–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.34883/pi.2022.12.1.023.
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Цель. Повысить эффективность диагностики и лечения периферических ретинальных разрывов и отслоек сетчатки (ОС).Материалы и методы. В исследование включено 49 глаз с периферическими ретинальными разрывами. Проведены: визометрия, рефрактометрия, осмотр с фундус-линзой; оптическая когерентная томография (ОКТ) – протокол Fast Macula; В-сканирование. Включены только глаза с разрывами, которые удалось локализовать с помощью ОКТ. Группу контроля составили 63 глаза здоровых лиц.Результаты и обсуждение. В 40,8% случаев (20 глаз) пациенты с разрывами/отслойками предъявляли жалобы, в 59,2% (29 глаз) симптомы отсутствовали. В 46,9% (23 глаза) выявлена периферическая регматогенная отслойка сетчатки (РОС), в 12,2% (6 глазах) клапанный разрыв без отслойки сетчатки и в 40,8% (20 глазах) дырчатый разрыв без отслойки. В 8 глазах при осмотре с фундус-линзой ОС выявлена не была, диагноз установлен при выполнении ОКТ. При периферических разрывах ОКТ повышает эффективность диагностики РОС на 53,0%. Самоотграниченная ОС в 3 глазах (13,0%) не требовала дополнительного вмешательства, 4 глаза (17,4%) с частичным самоотграничением ОС подверглись лазерной коагуляции, и 4 глазам (17,4%) с ОС, распространенной более 60° либо с отрицательной динамикой, выполнено экстрасклеральное пломбирование.Выводы: 1. Большинство периферических разрывов (59,2%) асимптоматичны; в 40,8% случаев разрывам сопутствует локальная отслойка сетчатки. Периферическая РОС выявлена в 71,4% глаз с клапанными разрывами и в 20,0% глаз с дырчатыми разрывами. 2. Пациенты с периферическими отслойками сетчатки в 75,0% случаев имели клапанные разрывы и в 25,0% – дырчатые разрывы. 3. Показанием к экстрасклеральному пломбированию ОС стало ее распространение циркулярно более 60° либо за пределы экватора, а также любое увеличение площади ОС при наблюдении. Purpose. To improve the efficiency of diagnosis and treatment of peripheral retinal tears and retinal detachments (RD).Materials and methods. 49 eyes with peripheral retinal tears were included in the study. Performed: visometry, refractometry, examination with a fundus lens; optical coherence tomography (OCT): Fast Macula protocol; ultrasound B-scan. Only eyes with available for OCT scanning are included. The control group consisted of 63 eyes of healthy individuals. Results and discussion. In 40.8% of cases (20 eyes), patients with tears/detachments presented complaints, in 59.2% (29 eyes) have not symptoms. In 46.9% (23 eyes) peripheral rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) was detected, in 12.2% (6 eyes) a horse shoe break without retinal detachment and in 40.8% (20 eyes) a perforated tears without detachment. In 8 eyes, when examined with a fundus lens, RD was not detected, the diagnosis was established with the addition of OCT. With peripheral ruptures, OCT increases the efficiency of RRD diagnostics by 53.0%. Analysis of macular parameters did not reveal a statistically significant difference between them. Self-delimited RD (3 eyes, 13%) did not require additional intervention, 4 eyes (17.4%) with partial self-delimitation of RD underwent laser coagulation and 4 eyes (17.4%) with RD more than 60° widespread or with negative dynamics were directed to extrascleral surgery.Conclusions: 1. The majority of peripheral breaks (59.2%) are asymptomatic; in 40.8%of breaks are associated with local retinal detachment. Peripheral RRD was detected in 71.4% of eyes with horse shoe break and in 20.0% of eyes with perforated tears. 2. Patients with peripheral retinal detachments had horse shoe breaks in 75.0% and perforated tears in 25.0%. 3. Indications for extrascleral filling of the RD – first identified with a spread of more than 60°, going beyond the equator and any increase in the area of detachment during observation.
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Wu, Ke, Guowang Jin, Xin Xiong, and Quanjie Shi. "Bounding Volume Hierarchy-Assisted Fast SAR Image Simulation Based on Spatial Segmentation." Applied Sciences 14, no. 8 (2024): 3340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14083340.
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In order to improve the simulation efficiency under the premise of ensuring the fidelity of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) simulation images, we propose a BVH-assisted fast SAR image simulation method based on spatial segmentation. The beam scanning model is established based on RD imaging geometric relation, and the bounding volume hierarchy (BVH) algorithm is used to assist in obtaining the time-varying latticed radiation and shadow areas within the radar beam, combining them with the real-time position of the sensors to complete the simulation of the electromagnetic (EM) wave transmission. The ray tracing algorithm is used to calculate the multiple backscatter fields of EM waves, including various material properties of the target surface. The SAR spatial traversal is adopted to spatially segment the latticed radiation area, and the compute unified device architecture (CUDA) kernel function is designed using the echo matrix cell method to make each cell of the target echo matrix as a subfield of the backscattering field, and the position of the echo matrix cell is traversed to obtain the target backscattering field. The target simulated echo is processed by the range Doppler (RD) imaging algorithm to obtain the SAR-simulated image. The simulation results show that compared with a CPU single-thread simulation, the simulation speed of the proposed method is significantly improved, and the SAR simulation image has high structural similarity with the real image, which fully verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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Raswan, Raswan, Muhbib Abdul Wahab, and Syaiful Hakki. "SIMPLIFIKASI MORFOLOGI ARAB (SHARF) DENGAN PENDEKATAN KONSTRUKTIVISME DAN ANALOGI." Arabi : Journal of Arabic Studies 7, no. 1 (2022): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.24865/ajas.v7i1.485.
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This study aims to develop an "Arabic morphological simplification model with a constructivism approach and the analogy of learning sharf in Fast Time." The research approach used is qualitative and quantitative types of development research (RD). Researchers will develop an Arabic morphological model that can make neural learning successful in this fast time through surveys, interviews, documentation studies, and FGDs. It found that model was developed has succeeded in learning. Arabic education experts provide positive support to continue developing Arabic morphology models based on constructivism and analogy. Many inputs are used as references for researchers in developing the model designs that have been made. In the next stage, students as objects and public test subjects feel that neural learning becomes meaningful. Students also get a new, productive, and accessible learning model, even for those who are very 'basic,' who have always been seen as having difficulty mastering nerves.
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Wu, Ke, Guowang Jin, Xin Xiong, Hongmin Zhang, and Limei Wang. "Fast SAR Image Simulation Based on Echo Matrix Cell Algorithm Including Multiple Scattering." Remote Sensing 15, no. 14 (2023): 3637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15143637.
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We present a novel fast synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image simulation method based on the echo matrix cell algorithm including multiple scattering. To improve the efficiency of SAR image simulation while ensuring the fidelity of the simulated results, we first discretized the target facets set in the SAR beams footprint into lattice targets using the range-Doppler (RD) imaging geometry model and provided the basis for simulating electromagnetic wave transmission. Based on the simulation of electromagnetic waves transmission, we used the ray tracing algorithm to calculate the multiple backscattering field including multi-polarimetric information and various material properties. Then, based on the echo matrix cell algorithm, we set the echo matrix cell as the subfield of the target backscattering field and designed the CUDA kernel function to implement a computation parallelization for SAR echo generation. All the echo matrix cells are traversed in parallel to obtain the total backscattering field of the target, reproducing the time-varying characteristic of the backscatter coefficient for each lattice target within the synthetic aperture time. The echo signal is processed using the RD imaging algorithm to obtain the simulated SAR image. Finally, we select some targets including aircraft carrier and airplane models for simulation tests. The computation efficiency is improved over 170-fold by comparing the computations of the proposed method and CPU single-thread. We also performed some qualitative and quantitative evaluations on the fidelity of the simulated SAR images. The experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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Fryburg, D. A., E. J. Barrett, R. J. Louard, and R. A. Gelfand. "Effect of starvation on human muscle protein metabolism and its response to insulin." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 259, no. 4 (1990): E477—E482. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1990.259.4.e477.
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Although starvation is known to impair insulin-stimulated glucose disposal, whether it also induces resistance to insulin's antiproteolytic action on muscle is unknown. To assess the effect of fasting on muscle protein turnover in the basal state and in response to insulin, we measured forearm amino acid kinetics, using [3H]phenylalanine (Phe) and [14C]leucine (Leu) infused systemically, in eight healthy subjects after 12 (postabsorptive) and 60 h of fasting. After a 150-min basal period, forearm local insulin concentration was selectively raised by approximately 25 muU/ml for 150 min by intra-arterial insulin infusion (0.02 mU.kg-1. min-1). The 60-h fast increased urine nitrogen loss and whole body Leu flux and oxidation (by 50-75%, all P less than 0.02). Post-absorptively, forearm muscle exhibited a net release of Phe and Leu, which increased two- to threefold after the 60-h fast (P less than 0.05); this effect was mediated exclusively by accelerated local rates of amino acid appearance (Ra), with no reduction in rates of disposal (Rd). Local hyperinsulinemia in the postabsorptive condition caused a twofold increase in forearm glucose uptake (P less than 0.01) and completely suppressed the net forearm output of Phe and Leu (P less than 0.02). After the 60-h fast, forearm glucose disposal was depressed basally and showed no response to insulin; in contrast, insulin totally abolished the accelerated net forearm release of Phe and Leu. The action of insulin to reverse the augmented net release of Phe and Leu was mediated exclusively by approximately 40% suppression of Ra (P less than 0.02) rather than a stimulation of Rd. We conclude that in short-term fasted humans 1) muscle amino acid output accelerates due to increased proteolysis rather than reduced protein synthesis, and 2) despite its catabolic state and a marked impairment in insulin-mediated glucose disposal, muscle remains sensitive to insulin's antiproteolytic action.
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Shalabh, Singhal, Kumar Ajay, and Kumar Sanjiv. "A Review on Need of Adopting Renewable Energy in India." International Journal of Engineering Research & Science 6, no. 7 (2020): 18–24. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3986426.
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<strong><em>Abstract</em></strong><strong>—</strong> <em>India became the world 3<sup>rd</sup> largest producer and 3<sup>rd</sup> largest consumer of electricity. The rapid increase in energy consumption in the present scenario and is moving fast towards the development of civilization.[1] Today we are dependent on fossil fuels to power our homes and to fuel our vehicles and mostly we are using the fossil fuels as a primarily heating medium. The huge consumption of fossil fuels has caused a severe damage to our environment and also these resources are limited and expensive but we are only seeing our convenience as we all know it very easy to use coal, oil & natural gas for meeting our requirements. To meet the crisis of energy in India it has been experienced to renewable sources like wind energy, geothermal energy, solar energy, tidal energy, bio-gas energy, etc. In this paper we have initiated to study about the renewable energy resources of the country. [4] In this research paper we have identified the utilization of renewable sources and their benefits to prevent our environment from the pollution created by the fossil fuels.</em>
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Lee, Keum-Hee, Jin-Young Lim, Kyeong-Hoon Jung, Ki-Doo Kim, and Dong-Wook Kang. "RD-Optimized Search-Mode Restriction Method on the Enhancement Layer for Fast Encoding of H.264 Scalable Extension." Journal of Broadcast Engineering 13, no. 1 (2008): 152–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5909/jbe.2008.13.1.152.
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Tai, Kuang-Han, Min-Yuan Hsieh, Mei-Juan Chen, Chia-Yen Chen, and Chia-Hung Yeh. "A Fast HEVC Encoding Method Using Depth Information of Collocated CUs and RD Cost Characteristics of PU Modes." IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting 63, no. 4 (2017): 680–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tbc.2017.2722239.
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Bergman, Bryan C., Marc-Andre Cornier, Tracy J. Horton, and Daniel H. Bessesen. "Effects of fasting on insulin action and glucose kinetics in lean and obese men and women." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 293, no. 4 (2007): E1103—E1111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00613.2006.
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The development of insulin resistance in the obese individual could impair the ability to appropriately adjust metabolism to perturbations in energy balance. We investigated a 12- vs. 48-h fast on hepatic glucose production (Ra), peripheral glucose uptake (Rd), and skeletal muscle insulin signaling in lean and obese subjects. Healthy lean [ n = 14; age = 28.0 ± 1.4 yr; body mass index (BMI) = 22.8 ± 0.42] and nondiabetic obese ( n = 11; age = 34.6 ± 2.3 yr; BMI = 36.1 ± 1.5) subjects were studied following a 12- and 48-h fast during 2 h of rest and a 3-h 40 mU·m−2·min−1hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp (HEC). Basal glucose Radecreased significantly from the 12- to 48-h fast (lean 1.96 ± 0.23 to 1.63 ± 0.15; obese 1.23 ± 0.07 to 1.07 ± 0.07 mg·kg−1·min−1; P = 0.004) and was equally suppressed during the HEC after both fasts. The increase in glucose Rdduring the HEC after the 12-h fast was significantly decreased in lean and obese subjects after the 48-h fast (lean 9.03 ± 1.17 to 4.16 ± 0.34, obese 6.10 ± 0.77 to 3.56 ± 0.30 mg·kg FFM−1·min−1; P < 0.001). After the 12- but not the 48-h fast, insulin-stimulated AKT Ser473phosphorylation was greater in lean than obese subjects. We conclude that 1) 48 h of fasting produces a marked decline in peripheral insulin action, while suppression of hepatic glucose production is maintained in lean and obese men and women; and 2) the magnitude of this decline is greater in lean vs. obese subjects.
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Choi, Su-Yeon, Jeong-Su Park, Chang-Ho Shon, et al. "Fermented Korean Red Ginseng Extract Enriched in Rd and Rg3 Protects against Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease through Regulation of mTORC1." Nutrients 11, no. 12 (2019): 2963. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11122963.
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The fermentation of Korean red ginseng (RG) increases the bioavailability and efficacy of RG, which has a protective role in various diseases. However, the ginsenoside-specific molecular mechanism of the fermented RG with Cordyceps militaris (CRG) has not been elucidated in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). A mouse model of NAFLD was induced by a fast-food diet (FFD) and treated with CRG (100 or 300 mg/kg) for the last 8 weeks. CRG-mediated signaling was assessed in the liver cells isolated from mice. CRG administration significantly reduced the FFD-induced steatosis, liver injury, and inflammation, indicating that CRG confers protective effects against NAFLD. Of note, an extract of CRG contains a significantly increased amount of ginsenosides (Rd and Rg3) after bioconversion compared with that of conventional RG. Moreover, in vitro treatment with Rd or Rg3 produced anti-steatotic effects in primary hepatocytes. Mechanistically, CRG protected palmitate-induced activation of mTORC1 and subsequent inhibition of mitophagy and PPARα signaling. Similar to that noted in hepatocytes, CRG exerted anti-inflammatory activity through mTORC1 inhibition-mediated M2 polarization. In conclusion, CRG inhibits lipid-mediated pathologic activation of mTORC1 in hepatocytes and macrophages, which in turn prevents NAFLD development. Thus, the administration of CRG may be an alternative for the prevention of NAFLD.
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Rout, Litu. "Why Adversarial Interaction Creates Non-Homogeneous Patterns: A Pseudo-Reaction-Diffusion Model for Turing Instability." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 35, no. 11 (2021): 9436–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v35i11.17137.
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Long after Turing's seminal Reaction-Diffusion (RD) model, the elegance of his fundamental equations alleviated much of the skepticism surrounding pattern formation. Though Turing model is a simplification and an idealization, it is one of the best-known theoretical models to explain patterns as a reminiscent of those observed in nature. Over the years, concerted efforts have been made to align theoretical models to explain patterns in real systems. The apparent difficulty in identifying the specific dynamics of the RD system makes the problem particularly challenging. Interestingly, we observe Turing-like patterns in a system of neurons with adversarial interaction. In this study, we establish the involvement of Turing instability to create such patterns. By theoretical and empirical studies, we present a \textit{pseudo-reaction-diffusion} model to explain the mechanism that may underlie these phenomena. While supervised learning attains homogeneous equilibrium, this paper suggests that the introduction of an adversary helps break this homogeneity to create non-homogeneous patterns at equilibrium. Further, we prove that randomly initialized gradient descent with over-parameterization can converge exponentially fast to an $\epsilon$-stationary point even under adversarial interaction. In addition, different from sole supervision, we show that the solutions obtained under adversarial interaction are not limited to a tiny subspace around initialization.
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Kim, Sangdong, Bongseok Kim, and Jonghun Lee. "Low-Complexity-Based RD-MUSIC with Extrapolation for Joint TOA and DOA at Automotive FMCW Radar Systems." Journal of Sensors 2020 (June 28, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7342385.
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Low-complexity-based reduced-dimension–multiple-signal classification (RD-MUSIC) is proposed with extrapolation for joint time delay of arrivals (TOA) and direction of arrivals (DOA) at automotive frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar systems. When a vehicle is driving on the road, the automotive FMCW radar can estimate the position of multiple other vehicles, because it can estimate multiple parameters, such as TOA and DOA. Over time, the requirement of the accuracy and resolution parameters of automotive FMCW radar is increasing. To accurately estimate the parameters of multiple vehicles, such as range and angle, it is difficult to use a low-resolution algorithm, such as the two-dimensional fast Fourier transform. To improve parameter estimation performance, high-resolution algorithms, such as the 2D-MUSIC, are required. However, the conventional high-resolution methods have a high complexity and, thus, are not applicable to a real-time radar system for a vehicle. Therefore, in this work, a low-complexity RD-MUSIC with extrapolation algorithm is proposed to have a resolution similar to that of a high-resolution algorithm to estimate the position of other vehicles. Compared with conventional low complexity high resolution, in experimental results, the proposed method had better performance.
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Martins, Sarah, Rachid Lhissou, Karem Chokmani, and Athyna Cambouris. "Determining the Beginning of Potato Tuberization Period Using Plant Height Detected by Drone for Irrigation Purposes." Agronomy 13, no. 2 (2023): 492. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13020492.
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Insolation and precipitation instability associated with climate change affects plant development patterns and water demand. The potato root system and soil properties lead to water vulnerability, impacting crop yield. Regarding potato physiology, plants stop growing when the root depth stabilizes, and then the tuberization period begins. Since this moment, water supply is required. Consequently, an approach based on plant physiology may enable farmers to detect the beginning of the irrigation period precisely. Remote sensing is a fast and precise method for obtaining surface information using non-invasive data collection. The database comprises root depth (RD) and plant height (H) data collected during 2019, 2020, and 2021. This research aims to develop a dynamic approach based on remote sensing and crop physiology to accurately determine the beginning of the tuberization period, called here the irrigation critical point (ICP). The results indicate a high correlation between RD and H (>0.85) which is independent of in-field soil and relief variations > 0.95). Further, plant growth rate corroborates the correlation results with decreasing patterns in time (R2 > 0.80), independent of environmental variations. In short, it was possible to determine the ICP based on the crop growth dynamics, independently of climate variations, field placement, or irrigation system.
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Li, Zhuoming, Yu Zhao, Zheng Dai, et al. "A fast CU partition method based on CU depth spatial correlation and RD cost characteristics for HEVC intra coding." Signal Processing: Image Communication 75 (July 2019): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.image.2019.03.018.
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EPPSTEIN, DAVID, MICHAEL T. GOODRICH, and JONATHAN Z. SUN. "SKIP QUADTREES: DYNAMIC DATA STRUCTURES FOR MULTIDIMENSIONAL POINT SETS." International Journal of Computational Geometry & Applications 18, no. 01n02 (2008): 131–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218195908002568.
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We present a new multi-dimensional data structure, which we call the skip quadtree (for point data in R2) or the skip octree (for point data in Rd, with constant d > 2). Our data structure combines the best features of two well-known data structures, in that it has the well-defined “box”-shaped regions of region quadtrees and the logarithmic-height search and update hierarchical structure of skip lists. Indeed, the bottom level of our structure is exactly a region quadtree (or octree for higher dimensional data). We describe efficient algorithms for inserting and deleting points in a skip quadtree, as well as fast methods for performing point location, approximate range, and approximate nearest neighbor queries.
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Trimmer, Jeff K., Gretchen A. Casazza, Michael A. Horning, and George A. Brooks. "Autoregulation of glucose production in men with a glycerol load during rest and exercise." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 280, no. 4 (2001): E657—E668. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.2001.280.4.e657.
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Related to hepatic autoregulation we evaluated hypotheses that 1) glucose production would be altered as a result of a glycerol load, 2) decreased glucose recycling rate (Rr) would result from increased glycerol uptake, and 3) the absolute rate of gluconeogenesis (GNG) from glycerol would be positively correlated to glycerol rate of disappearance (Rd) during a glycerol load. For these purposes, glucose and glycerol kinetics were determined in eight men during rest and during 90 min of leg cycle ergometry at 45 and 65% of peak O2 consumption (V˙o 2 peak). Trials were conducted after an overnight fast, with exercise commencing 12 h after the last meal. Subjects received a continuous infusion of [6,6-2H2]glucose, [1-13C]glucose, and [1,1,2,3,3-2H5]glycerol without (CON) or with an additional 1,000 mg (rest: 20 mg/min; exercise: 40 mg/min) of [2-13C]- or unlabeled glycerol added to the infusate (GLY). Infusion of glycerol dampened glucose Rr, calculated as the difference between [6,6-2H2]- and [1-13C]glucose rates of appearance (Ra), at rest [0.35 ± 0.12 (CON) vs. 0.12 ± 0.10 mg · kg−1 · min−1 (GLY), P < 0.05] and during exercise at both intensities [45%: 0.63 ± 0.14 (CON) vs. 0.04 ± 0.12 (GLY); 65%: 0.73 ± 0.14 (CON) vs. 0.04 ± 0.17 mg · kg−1 · min−1 (GLY), P < 0.05]. Glucose Ra and oxidation were not affected by glycerol infusion at rest or during exercise. Throughout rest and both exercise intensities, glycerol Rdwas greater in GLY vs. CON conditions (rest: 0.30 ± 0.04 vs. 0.58 ± 0.04; 45%: 0.57 ± 0.07 vs. 1.19 ± 0.04; 65%: 0.73 ± 0.06 vs. 1.27 ± 0.05 mg · kg−1 · min−1, CON vs. GLY, respectively). Differences in glycerol Rd(ΔRd) between protocols equaled the unlabeled glycerol infusion rate and correlated with plasma glycerol concentration ( r = 0.97). We conclude that infusion of a glycerol load during rest and exercise at 45 and 65% ofV˙o 2 peak 1) does not affect glucose Ra or Rd, 2) blocks glucose Rr, 3) increases whole body glycerol Rd in a dose-dependent manner, and 4) results in gluconeogenic rates from glycerol equivalent to CON glucose recycling rates.
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Hall, E. T., R. C. Sá, S. Holverda, et al. "The effect of supine exercise on the distribution of regional pulmonary blood flow measured using proton MRI." Journal of Applied Physiology 116, no. 4 (2014): 451–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00659.2013.
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The Zone model of pulmonary perfusion predicts that exercise reduces perfusion heterogeneity because increased vascular pressure redistributes flow to gravitationally nondependent lung, and causes dilation and recruitment of blood vessels. However, during exercise in animals, perfusion heterogeneity as measured by the relative dispersion (RD, SD/mean) is not significantly decreased. We evaluated the effect of exercise on pulmonary perfusion in six healthy supine humans using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Data were acquired at rest, while exercising (∼27% of maximal oxygen consumption) using a MRI-compatible ergometer, and in recovery. Images were acquired in most of the right lung in the sagittal plane at functional residual capacity, using a 1.5-T MR scanner equipped with a torso coil. Perfusion was measured using arterial spin labeling (ASL-FAIRER) and regional proton density using a fast multiecho gradient-echo sequence. Perfusion images were corrected for coil-based signal heterogeneity, large conduit vessels removed and quantified (in ml·min−1·ml−1) (perfusion), and also normalized for density and quantified (in ml·min−1·g−1) (density-normalized perfusion, DNP) accounting for tissue redistribution. DNP increased during exercise (11.1 ± 3.5 rest, 18.8 ± 2.3 exercise, 13.2 ± 2.2 recovery, ml·min−1·g−1, P < 0.0001), and the increase was largest in nondependent lung (110 ± 61% increase in nondependent, 63 ± 35% in mid, 70 ± 33% in dependent, P < 0.005). The RD of perfusion decreased with exercise (0.93 ± 0.21 rest, 0.73 ± 0.13 exercise, 0.94 ± 0.18 recovery, P < 0.005). The RD of DNP showed a similar trend (0.82 ± 0.14 rest, 0.75 ± 0.09 exercise, 0.81 ± 0.10 recovery, P = 0.13). In conclusion, in contrast to animal studies, in supine humans, mild exercise decreased perfusion heterogeneity, consistent with Zone model predictions.
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Nurunnabi, A., Y. Sadahiro, F. N. Teferle, D. F. Laefer, and J. Li. "DETECTION AND SEGMENTATION OF POLE-LIKE OBJECTS IN MOBILE LASER SCANNING POINT CLOUDS." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVIII-1/W2-2023 (December 13, 2023): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlviii-1-w2-2023-27-2023.
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Abstract. Pole-like object (PLO) detection and segmentation are important in many applications, such as 3D city modelling, urban planning, road assets monitoring, intelligent transportation, road safety, and forest monitoring. Arguably, vehicle-based mobile laser scanning (MLS) is the best on-road data acquisition system, because it is fast, precise and non-invasive. As part of that, laser scanning georeferenced data (i.e., point clouds) provide detailed structural morphology of the scanned objects. However, point clouds are not free from outliers and noise. Critically, many of the object extraction methods that depend on local saliency features (e.g., normals)-based segmentation use principal component analysis (PCA). PCA can provide the local features but struggle to produce robust results in the presence of outliers and noise. To reduce the influence of outliers for saliency features estimation and in segmentation, this paper employs Robust distance-based Diagnostic PCA (RD-PCA) coupled with the well-known DBSCAN clustering algorithm. This study contributes to a better understanding of object detection and segmentation by (i) exploring the problems of local saliency features estimation in the presence of outliers and noise; (ii) understanding problems with PCA and why RD-PCA is important; and (iii) introducing a novel method for PLOs detection and segmentation following a robust segmentation approach. The performance of the new algorithm is demonstrated through MLS data acquired in an urban road setup.
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Zhang, Mengmeng, Renbo Su, Zhi Liu, Fuqi Mao, and Wen Yue. "A Fast Sample Adaptive Offset Algorithm for 360∘ Video." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 33, no. 09 (2019): 1955011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001419550115.
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The increased demand for virtual reality brings more challenges to 360∘ video coding. 360∘ video needs to be projected as a planar video before encoding. This process will produce projection distortion. The degree of projection distortion depends on the location of the pixel. Traditional coding algorithms cannot respond to this feature efficiently enough. In this paper, a fast Sample Adaptive Offset (SAO) algorithm for 360∘ video is proposed. The proposed algorithm improves the SAO process. On the basis of retaining the whole SAO process, a simplified SAO process is added. First, the coding tree unit (CTU) of performing the simplified SAO process is filtered according to the rate distortion cost (RD-cost) of the intra- or inter-prediction and the location of the CTU. Subsequently, the CTU is sampled at intervals according to the equirectangular projection (ERP) characteristics, and the CTU of performing the simplified SAO process is determined. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm achieves 60% time of SAO process reduction, with only 0.29% luma Bjontegaard delta rate (BD-rate) increases on average.