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Desai, Saumil A., Snehal L. Martin, Ruchi N. Nanavati, et al. "Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW)." Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology 41, no. 2 (2019): e119-e121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mph.0000000000001164.
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Mukhopadhyay, Kishore. "Immediate Effect of Continuous Running on Red Blood Cells (RBC), Packed Cell Volume (PCV) and Red Blood Cell Distribution Width (RDW) Among Physically Trained Boys." Open Access Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Medicine 2, no. 1 (2024): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajksm-16000114.
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Introduction: During physical exercise, the level of haematological parameters changes depending on the intensity and duration of exercise and the individual's physical fitness. Research results, based on samples taken before and after exercise, suggest that haematological parameters increase during incremental exercise. The purpose of the research work was to evaluate the acute effect of continuous running on Red Blood Cell (RBC), Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) and Packed Cell Volume (PCV)of physically trained boys has been aimed. Methods: Ten (10) physical education male students with an average age of 23.16±1.85 years participated in this study on voluntary basis. Red blood cell (RBC), Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) and Packed Cell volume (PCV) of the students were analyzed before running (BR) and just after 35 minutes of continuous running (AR). To find out the effect of contentious running ‘t’ test was calculated for each variable. In order to determine all those hematological parameters, blood samples with 5 ml EDTA were taken from the forearm antecubical area before and after contentious running, and analyzed in laboratory with using auto-analyzer (Sysmex XP- 100). Result: Measurement results were presented as average and standard deviation. Student T-test for dependent samples was used in order to make a comparison between BE and AE values. P<-0.01 value was considered to be significant. The result of the study revealed that, the increase in AR than BR values for Red Blood Cell (RBC) and packed cell volume (PCV) significantly but no significant changes shown in case of Red Blood Cell distribution width (RDW). Conclusion: Conclusively Red blood cell (RBC) and Packed Cell Volume (PCV) displayed significant incensement and insignificant decrease of RBC distribution width (RDW) in relation to acute effect of continuous running.
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Oberdier, Matt, Marta Zampino, Michelle Shardell, et al. "RED BLOOD CELL DISTRIBUTION WIDTH: FURTHER INSIGHTS." Innovation in Aging 8, Supplement_1 (2024): 1270. https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igae098.4062.
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Abstract Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) measures erythrocyte size variability and strongly predicts cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Our prior cross-sectional analysis showed that inflammation, metabolic rate, and body habitus are independently associated with RDW. To better understand determinants of RDW, we performed a longitudinal analysis associating changes in RDW within the normal range (11.5 - 15.0%) with age, sex, race, and changes in other erythrocyte properties, major CVD risk factors, and other physiologic measures. Data were from 452 men and 482 women, aged 50 to 94 years enrolled in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. For each participant and each predictor, change was the regression coefficient of time from a linear model. Coefficients of candidate correlates were then used to predict change in RDW in multiple linear regression models that were reduced by backward selection. In the final model, increasing erythrocyte number (STβ=1.4980, P&lt; 0.001), mean platelet volume (STβ=0.2019, P&lt; 0.001), anion gap (STβ=0.1754, P&lt; 0.001), blood urea nitrogen (STβ=0.0684, P=0.0395), urine albumin-creatinine ratio (STβ=0.1007, P=0.0015), alanine transaminase (STβ=0.1580, P&lt; 0.001), interleukin-6 (STβ=0.2338, P&lt; 0.001), and diastolic blood pressure (STβ=0.0769, P=0.0107) and decreasing glucose (STβ=-0.2425, P&lt; 0.001), vitamin B12 (STβ=-0.1310, P&lt; 0.001), and C-reactive protein (STβ=-0.1801, P&lt; 0.001) were associated with increasing RDW. The association of age with increasing RDW was independently explained by decreasing glucose (STβ=-0.2310, P&lt; 0.001). Taken together, these findings suggest that rising RDW may reflect accelerated aging. Studies in larger, more diverse populations are necessary to confirm these findings and determine their role in mechanisms leading to age-associated increases in RDW.
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Hoffmann, J. J. M. L. "Measuring red blood cell distribution width (RDW)." European Geriatric Medicine 4, no. 3 (2013): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurger.2013.04.001.
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Devina, Trina, Munar Lubis, Erna Mutiara, et al. "Red cell distribution width and mortality in pediatric sepsis." Paediatrica Indonesiana 56, no. 6 (2017): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/pi56.6.2016.320-4.
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Background Red cell distribution width (RDW) is a hematological parameter routinely obtained as part of the complete blood count. Recently, RDW has emerged as a potential independent predictor of clinical outcomes in adults with sepsis. However, RDW as a mortality predictor in pediatric populations has not been well established.Objective To determine the relationship between RDW value and mortality outcomes in pediatric sepsis patients.Methods We performed a cross-sectional study of 40 consecutive pediatric patients with sepsis admitted to the PICU from December 2013 to March 2014. All patients’ RDW were collected within 24 hours of sepsis diagnosis. We determined the association between RDW and hemoglobin (Hb) using Spearman’s correlation. The RDW values of 11.5-14.5% were considered to be normal while those > 14.5% were considered to be elevated. We compared mortality and PICU length of stay (LoS) between the normal and elevated RDW groups using Chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests.Results The median age of patients was 34 months (range 2 months to 17 years). There were 28 (70%) male subjects. Subjects’ median RDW was 14.8% (range 11.2-27.8%) and was not correlated with Hb (r=0.056; P=0.73). Mortality rates in the normal and elevated RDW groups were 40% and 45%, respectively. There were no significant associations between RDW group and mortality (P=0.749) or PICU LoS (P=0.350).Conclusion Unlike in adults, RDW values are not correlated with mortality in pediatric sepsis patients.
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Corkum, Abigail, Qu Tian, and Luigi Ferrucci. "Metabolomic Signatures of High Red Blood Cell Distribution Width." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (2020): 905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.3330.
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Abstract Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) describes the amount of variation in blood cell volume and size and increases with age. Higher RDW predicts all-cause mortality, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and markers of glycemic control, such as glycosylated hemoglobin. However, mechanisms that connect high RDW with these health outcomes are unknown. Thus, identification of high risk in these patients cannot be addressed. This study aims to identify metabolites and pathways that are associated with high levels of RDW in community-dwelling older adults. Using data from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging, we identified 1,004 cognitively normal participants (mean age: 67.1±13, 48% women, 26% black) with concurrent data on RDW and comprehensive targeted plasma metabolites by Biocrates p500. Participants were grouped into RDW quartiles (Q1:14%). Associations of metabolites with quartiles of RDW were examined using multivariable linear regression with Q1 being the reference group. Models were adjusted for age, sex, and race. Compared to Q1, Q4 had higher concentrations of SM(OH)C14:1, PC ae C30:2, and hypoxanthine, and lower concentrations of DHEAS, Cortisol, Tryptophan, and Hex2Cer(d/18:1/24:0) (all p&lt;0.01). These metabolites are critical components of sphingolipid metabolism and steroid hormone biosynthesis pathways. Elevated RDW was associated with metabolites derived from classes of hormones, amino acids, ceramides, sphingomyelins, PCs, and nucleobases. Individuals with elevated RDW (i.e. ≥14%) may have disrupted sphingolipid metabolism and steroid hormone biosynthesis. These pathways can be targeted for prevention.
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Carvalho, Natane Moreira de, Chams Bicalho Maluf, Douglas Roberto Mesquita Azevedo, et al. "Red cell distribution width is associated with cardiovascular risk in adults." Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 27, no. 7 (2022): 2753–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232022277.15652021.
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Abstract Red cell distribution width (RDW) is a measure of erythrocyte size variability. Recent studies have shown that RDW is a predictive, and prognostic marker of mortality and cardiovascular (CVD) events in the general population and in CVD patients. This study aimed to investigate the association between RDW and CVD risk in a large sample of adults. A subsample of CVD free participants of the ELSA-Brasil cohort were included (n=4,481). In the cross-sectional approach, multiple regression analysis was used to investigate the association between RDW and the Framingham Risk Score (FRS). Linear mixed effect model evaluated whether baseline RDW predicted changes in CVD risk after about four-year follow up. Cross-sectional analysis showed that RDW was independently associated with FRS, participants in the fourth-quartile of RDW distribution had a 29% higher FRS than those in the first-quartile RDW (p<0.001). A longitudinal analysis revealed that RDW remained associated with increased FRS. In this large cohort of adult Brazilians, RDW was independently associated with increased CVD risk, as measured by the FRS, both at baseline and after four-year follow-up. However, RDW did not predict change in CVD risk in this short-term follow up.
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Wang, Zhaojia, Panagiotis Korantzopoulos, Leonardo Roever, and Tong Liu. "Red blood cell distribution width and atrial fibrillation." Biomarkers in Medicine 14, no. 13 (2020): 1289–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/bmm-2020-0041.
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Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most frequent arrhythmia encountered in clinical practice and is a major health problem associated with remarkable morbidity, mortality and has considerable healthcare costs. Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) reflects the heterogeneity of the volume and size of red blood cells. It is an easily measured and inexpensive index that has been associated with several cardiovascular disease states. Accumulating evidence suggests that RDW is a prognostic marker of AF in various clinical settings. In this article, we review the available data regarding the prognostic role of RDW in AF development and perpetuation in diverse disease states as well as its role on the prediction of adverse outcomes.
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Olujohungbe, A., Dip Haem, and B. Garvey. "Red cell distribution width (RDW) in sickle cell disease." Clinical & Laboratory Haematology 15, no. 1 (2008): 72–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2257.1993.tb00128.x.
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E. Naschitz, Jochanan, Igor Yalonetzki, Gregory Leibovitz, and Nathalia Zaigraykin. "Red Blood Cell Distribution Width/Hemoglobin Ratio Correlate with Severity of Clinical Status in Residents of Long-term Geriatric and Palliative Care." General Medicine and Clinical Practice 3, no. 4 (2020): 01–04. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2639-4162/038.
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Background: The red blood cell distribution width (RDW) is a simple measure of red blood cell size heterogeneity. A high degree of anisocytosis, expressed by RDW >15%, is observed in certain anemias, but also in other disorders, where RDW >15% is associated with worse prognosis. We questioned whether the RDW/hemoglobin ratio (RDW/Hb) might closer relate to disease severity than RDW. Design: Cross sectional study Patients: 76 residents of two Department of Comprehensive Nursing Care. Method: Physicians classified the patients according to their clinical status in three groups: "stable", “severe-unstable”, and "intermediate". An outside observer extracted from the patients' files the results of RDW (elevated if >15%), hemoglobin, iron, and transferrin. The RDW (%)/Hb (g/dL) ratio and tansferrin saturation (TSAT) were computed. The associations between RDW, RDW/Hb, TSAT, and the patients' clinical status were assessed. Results: In residents of Department A, RDW >15% was found in 33% of 19 stable patients, in 58% of 10 patients with intermediate severity, and in 81% of 10 patients classified severe-unstable. The RDW/Hb ratio >1.4 was found in 24% of stable patients, in 73% with intermediate severity, and in 93% of the severe-unstable patients. In Department B, 36 out of 38 patient's were classified stable: in 61.2 % the RDW was >15% and in 38% the RDW/Hb was >1.4. Conclusions: In a heterogenic population presenting multimorbidity, the RDW and to a higher degree the RDW/Hb (p <0.00001), correlated with the patients' disease severity.
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Shehata, H. A., M. M. Ali, J. C. Evans-Jones, G. J. G. Upton, and I. T. Manyonda. "Red cell distribution width (RDW) changes in pregnancy." International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 62, no. 1 (1998): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7292(98)00069-1.
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Oberdier, Matt, Marta Zampino, Michelle Shardell, et al. "RED BLOOD CELL DISTRIBUTION WIDTH: WHAT CAN IT TELL US?" Innovation in Aging 7, Supplement_1 (2023): 1108–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad104.3559.
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Abstract Red blood cell distribution width (RDW), a measure of red blood cell size variability used in evaluating anemia, has been found to predict cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. RDW increases with age, but the determinants of age-associated elevation in RDW independent of CVD and associated risk factors is limited. Therefore, we examined the association of RDW within the normal range (11.5-15.0%) with age, sex, race, other red blood cell properties, major cardiovascular disease risk factors, and other physiologic data. Data were from 606 men and 627 women (aged 50-95) participating in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Candidate correlates of RDW were included in multiple linear regression models; a reduced model was then obtained by backward selection. RDW was higher with age and female sex. Differences in RDW by sex were explained by hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular volume. Further, mean platelet volume (STβ=0.0779, P=0.007), interleukin-6 (STβ=0.0774, P=0.011), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (STβ=0.0746, P=0.028), institutional normalized ratio (STβ=0.0836, P=0.004), thyroid stimulating hormone (STβ=0.0653, P=0.023), and body mass index (STβ=0.1725, P=8.98E-8) were all independently associated with RDW. In the final model, age remained a strong correlate of RDW (STβ=0.2412, P=2.91E-12). In summary, inflammation, metabolic rate, and body habitus independently predict RDW, but do not completely explain its association with age. Future investigation of longitudinal change in RDW with age and its association with these and other factors is needed to advance knowledge on the timing and potential mechanisms of age-associated increases in RDW, and its implication for health outcomes.
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Brown, McKenzie, Sean Nassoiy, Timothy Plackett, Fred Luchette, and Joseph Posluszny. "Red blood cell distribution width and outcome in trauma patients." Journal of Osteopathic Medicine 121, no. 2 (2021): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jom-2020-0089.
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Abstract Context Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) has been used to predict mortality during infection and inflammatory diseases. It also been purported to be predictive of mortality following traumatic injury. Objective To identify the role of RDW in predicting mortality in trauma patients. We also sought to identify the role of RDW in predicting the development of sepsis in trauma patients. Methods A retrospective observational study was performed of the medical records for all adult trauma patients admitted to Loyola University Medical Center from 2007 to 2014. Patients admitted for fewer than four days were excluded. Admission, peak, and change from admission to peak (Δ) RDW were recorded to determine the relationship with in-hospital mortality. Patient age, development of sepsis during the hospitalization, admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), and discharge disposition were also examined. Results A total of 9,845 patients were admitted to the trauma service between 2007 and 2014, and a total of 2,512 (25.5%) patients fit the inclusion criteria and had both admission and peak values available. One-hundred twenty (4.6%) died while in the hospital. RDW values for all patients were (mean [standard deviation, SD]): admission 14.09 (1.88), peak 15.09 (2.34), and Δ RDW 1.00 (1.44). Admission, peak, and Δ RDW were not significant predictors of mortality (all p>0.50; hazard ratio [HR], 1.01–1.03). However, trauma patients who eventually developed sepsis had significantly higher RDW values (admission RDW: 14.27 (2.02) sepsis vs. 13.98 (1.73) no sepsis, p<0.001; peak RDW: 15.95 (2.55) vs. 14.51 (1.97), p<0.001; Δ RDW: 1.68 (1.77) vs. 0.53 (0.91), p<0.001). Conclusion Admission, peak, and Δ RDW were not associated with in-hospital mortality in adult trauma patients with a length of stay (LOS) ≥four days. However, the development of sepsis in trauma patients is closely linked to increased RDW values and in-hospital mortality.
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Wikanningtyas, Tri Ariguntar, Tri Wahyuni, Rahmini Shabariah, and Arief Indra Sanjaya. "Hubungan Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW) dan Kadar Troponin I Pada Penyakit Kardiovaskuler di RS Islam Jakarta Cempaka Putih." MAHESA : Malahayati Health Student Journal 4, no. 10 (2024): 4307–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.33024/mahesa.v4i10.15153.
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ABSTRACT Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a serious health issue, both in developed and developing countries. According to the World Heart Federation (WHF), global deaths due to CVD surged from 12.1 million in 1990 to 20.5 million in 2021. The World Health Organization (WHO) reported 17.9 million deaths from cardiovascular diseases in 2021. This study aims to investigate the relationship between Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW) and Troponin I levels in cardiovascular disease patients at Jakarta Islamic Hospital (RSIJ) Cempaka Putih from 2021 to 2022. An analytical cross-sectional design was employed from May to August 2023 at RSIJ Cempaka Putih. Variables studied included patient characteristics, hematological laboratory tests (White Blood Cell (WBC), Red Blood Cell (RBC), Platelet (PLT), Hemoglobin, Red Cell Distribution Width-Standard Deviation (RDW-SD), Red Cell Distribution Width-Coefficient of Variation (RDW-CV), and Troponin I), and EKG examinations. The study involved 70 inpatient CVD patients at RSIJ Cempaka Putih in 2021-2022 who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data analysis was performed using Spearman’s Rho correlation test. The results showed no significant correlation between blood parameters (WBC, RBC, PLT, hemoglobin, RDW-SD, and RDW-CV) and troponin I levels. There was no significant correlation between blood parameters (WBC, RBC, PLT, hemoglobin, RDW-SD, and RDW-CV) with troponin I levels. Factors other than blood parameters measured in this study may play a more significant role in determining troponin I levels. Keywords: Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW), Troponin I, Cardiovascular, Hematology ABSTRAK Penyakit kardiovaskuler masih menjadi masalah kesehatan yang serius, baik di negara maju maupun berkembang. Kematian akibat penyakit kardiovaskular (CVD) melonjak secara global dari 12,1 juta pada tahun 1990 menjadi 20,5 juta pada tahun 2021, menurut World Heart Federation (WHF). Laporan WHO (2021) sebanyak 17,9 juta orang yang telah meninggal karena penyakit kardiovaskuler. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW) dan kadar Troponin I pada penyakit kardiovaskuler di Rumah Sakit Islam Jakarta (RSIJ) Cempaka Putih tahun 2021-2022. Penelitian analitik dengan desain cross-sectional, dilakukan di RSIJ Cempaka Putih pada Mei-Agustus 2023. Variabel yang diteliti terkait karakteristik pasien penyakit kardiovaskuler (CVD), pemeriksaan laboratorium hematologi (White blood cell (WBC), Red blood cell (RBC), platelet (PLT), hemoglobin, Red Cell Distribution Width-Standard Deviation (RDW-SD), Red Cell Distribution Width-Coefficient of Variation (RDW-CV), dan Troponin I), serta pemeriksaan EKG. Penelitian melibatkan 70 pasien rawat inap CVD di RSIJ Cempaka Putih pada tahun 2021-2022 yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi. Analisis data dengan uji korelasi Spearman’s Rho. Hasil menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara parameter darah (WBC, RBC, PLT, hemoglobin, RDW-SD, dan RDW-CV) dengan kadar troponin I. Tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara parameter darah (WBC, RBC, PLT, hemoglobin, RDW-SD, dan RDW-CV) dengan kadar troponin I. Faktor-faktor selain dari parameter darah yang diukur dalam penelitian ini mungkin lebih berperan dalam menentukan kadar troponin I. Kata Kunci: Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW), Troponin I, Kardiovaskuler, Hematologi
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Li, Jinmeng, Xiaoning Yang, Junfeng Ma, Fanghua Gong, and Qiongzhen Chen. "Relationship of Red Blood Cell Distribution Width with Cancer Mortality in Hospital." BioMed Research International 2018 (November 14, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8914617.
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Background. Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) is a clinical index used to make early diagnosis and to monitor treatment effects in iron deficiency anemia. Recently, several studies have suggested that RDW was associated with mortality from various cancers; however, there has been little evidence regarding RDW and cancer as a whole. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to investigate the relationship of RDW and overall cancer mortality in hospital.Methods. We extracted patient data from the Multiparameter Intelligent Monitoring in Intensive Care Database III version 1.3 (MIMICIII.1.3). RDW was measured prior to hospital admission. Patients older than 18 who were diagnosed with malignant tumors were included. The primary outcome was cancer mortality in hospital. Logistic regression and multivariate analysis were used to assess the association between the RDW and hospital mortality.Result. A total of 3384 eligible patients were enrolled. A positive correlation was observed between RDW and overall cancer mortality. Patients with higher RDW (14.4-16.3%, 16.4-30.5%) were at greater risk of death than the patients with RDW in the reference range (11.5-14.3%). On multivariate analysis, when adjusted for age and gender, the adjusted OR (95% CIs) in the mid-RDW group and high-RDW group were 1.61 (1.28, 2.03) and 2.52 (2.03, 3.13), respectively, with the low-RDW group set as the baseline. Similar trends were also observed in the model adjusted for other clinical characteristics. This suggested that elevated RDW was related to increased risk of cancer mortality, and RDW may play an important role in the prediction of short-term mortality after hospitalization in cancer patients.Conclusion. Elevated RDW was associated with overall cancer mortality. To a certain extent, RDW may predict the risk of mortality in patients with cancers; it was an independent prognostic indicator of short-term mortality after hospitalization in cancer patients.
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K.L., Azad, Bhargawa O.P., and Dwivedi S.K. "Evaluation of Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW) Parameter in the Diagnosis of Erythrocyte Disorders." Indian Journal of Pathology: Research and Practice 6, no. 3 (part-2) (2017): 794–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijprp.2278.148x.6317.50.
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Idris, Sri Aprilianti, Susanti Susanti, and Fitrayana Sari. "GAMBARAN RED BLOOD CELL DISTRIBUTION WIDTH (RDW) PADA IBU HAMIL TRIMESTER II DI PUSKESMAS POASIA." Jurnal Analis Kesehatan Kendari 3, no. 2 (2019): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.46356/jakk.v3i2.113.
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ABSTRACT
 Trimester II pregnant women is a pregnant woman with 15 weeks of gestation (week 13 to 27). Trimester II pregnant women often have iron deficiency anemia can affect the examination value of Red Blood Cell Distribution Width (RDW). Red Blood Cell Distribution Width (RDW) is the difference in size or extent of red blood cells. RDW changes are influenced by many factors such as anemia, renal dysfunction or liver dysfunction, hepatic dysfunction, thyroid disease, acute transfusion or chronic inflammation, neurohormonal activation, malnutrition (iron, vitamin B12 and folic acid), ethnicity, bone marrow suppression, and use of some medicines. This study aims to find out the description of Red Blood Cell Distribution Width (RDW) in Trimester II pregnant women at Puskesmas Poasia of Kendari City used analyzer hematology method. The type of this research is descriptive with sampling technique is accidental sampling technique, with the number of samples as much as 15 people. The results of a study of 15 patients of trimester II pregnant women at the Poasia Public Health Center in Kendari City, a normal RDW-SD score of 10 (66.7%) and a high of 5 (33.3%), a normal RDW-CV was 10 ( 66.7%) people and a high of 5 people (33.3%).
 Keywords : Trimester II pregnant women, Red Blood Cell Distribution Width
 ABSTRAK
 Ibu hamil trimester II adalah ibu hamil dengan usia kehamilan 15 minggu (minggu ke-13 hingga ke-27). Ibu hamil trimester II sering kali mengalami anemia defisiensi zat besi yang dapat mempengaruhi nilai pemeriksaan Red Blood Cell Distribution Width (RDW). Red Blood Cell Distribution Width (RDW) adalah perbedaan ukuran atau luas dari sel darah merah. Perubahan RDW dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor seperti anemia, disfungsi ginjal atau disfungsi hati, penyakit tiroid, tranfusi, akut atau peradangan kronis, aktivasi neurohormonal, malnutrisi (zat besi, vitamin B12 dan asam folat), etnis, tulang depresi sumsum, dan penggunaan beberapa obat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Gambaran Red Blood Cell Distribution Width (RDW) pada Ibu Hamil Trimester II di Puskesmas Poasia Kota Kendari, menggunakan metode hematologi analyzer. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dengan teknik pengambilan sampel accidental sampling, dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 15 orang. Hasil penelitian terhadap 15 pasien ibu hamil trimester II di Puskesmas Poasia Kota Kendari diperoleh nilai RDW-SD normal sebanyak 10 (66,7%) orang dan yang tinggi sebanyak 5 orang (33,3%), RDW-CV normal sebanyak 10 (66,7%) orang dan yang tinggi sebanyak 5 orang (33,3%) .
 Kata Kunci : Ibu Hamil Trimester II, Red Blood Cell Distribution Width
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Obeagu, Emmanuel Ifeanyi. "Red Cell Distribution Width and its Association with Maternal Mortality in HIV-Infected Pregnancy." Middle East Research Journal of Nursing 4, no. 05 (2024): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/merjn.2024.v04i05.002.
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Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW), a measure of the variability in red blood cell size, has gained attention for its role in diagnosing and predicting outcomes in various medical conditions. In the context of HIV-infected pregnancies, RDW may serve as a significant marker for assessing maternal health and predicting complications. This review explores the association between RDW and maternal mortality in HIV-positive pregnant women, highlighting how fluctuations in RDW can indicate underlying issues such as anemia, inflammation, and the effects of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Elevated RDW levels may correlate with increased risk of adverse outcomes, making it a potentially valuable tool in managing HIV-infected pregnancies. HIV infection complicates pregnancy by increasing the risk of adverse outcomes, including preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and anemia, all of which can contribute to maternal mortality. RDW, by reflecting red blood cell variability, offers insights into these complications and the overall impact of HIV on maternal health. ART, crucial for managing HIV, can also influence RDW levels, as some regimens may affect red blood cell production and contribute to anemia. Monitoring RDW in conjunction with ART and other clinical parameters can enhance the detection of complications and improve management strategies.
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Erdem, Dilek, Emre Erdem, Yasemin Turgut Kurt, et al. "The importance of red cell distribution width on gastric cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 15_suppl (2017): e15502-e15502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.e15502.
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e15502 Background: Red cell distribution width (RDW) is an elevated marker in several cancers like breast, colon, prostate and pancreatic cancer at the time of diagnosis. Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common cancer and also third leading cause of cancer deaths.We aimed to determine whether RDW values differ between gastric cancer and healthy subjects, as well as to evaluate association between RDW and other factors. Also, we examined other two important inflammatory markers in GC patients: neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) Methods: This retrospective study included 68 gastric cancer patients and 42 age and sex matched healthy controls. The exclusion criteria involved cardiac disease, chronic obstructive lung disease, thromboembolism, chronic renal failure, hepatic disorders, hypertension, acute and chronic infections, stroke, hematologic disease and other accompanying cancer. Blood samples were retrospectively obtained from computerized patient database. Results: Among 110 subjects; RDW, NLR and PLR were significantly higher in GC patients when compared to healthy subjects (RDW: 44,9 vs 41,4 p < 0.0001, NLR: 3,40 vs 1,90 p < 0.0001, PLR: 245,9 vs 131,1 p = 0.007). There was no statistically significant association between these markers (RDW, NLR and PLR) and stage, histopathological subgroups and metastasis stage at the time of diagnosis. Conclusions: Elevated RDW is a simple, cheap and readily available marker and may be useful in gastric cancer at the time of diagnosis. Also, NLR and PLR can accompany RDW in the assessment of gastric cancer. Key words: gastric, red cell distribution width, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, platelet to lymphocyte ratio, cancer
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Peters, Junenette L., Melissa J. Perry, Eileen McNeely, Robert O. Wright, Wendy Heiger-Bernays, and Jennifer Weuve. "The association of cadmium and lead exposures with red cell distribution width." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (2021): e0245173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245173.
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Elevated red blood cell distribution width (RDW), traditionally an indicator of anemia, has now been recognized as a risk marker for cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality. Experimental and acute exposure studies suggest that cadmium and lead individually affect red blood cell production; however, associations between environmental exposures and RDW have not been explored. We evaluated relationships of environmental cadmium and lead exposures to RDW. We used data from 24,607 participants aged ≥20 years in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2003–2016) with information on blood concentrations of cadmium and lead, RDW and socio-demographic factors. In models adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, poverty income ratio, BMI, alcohol consumption, smoking status and serum cotinine, RDW was increasingly elevated across progressively higher quartiles of blood cadmium concentration. A doubling of cadmium concentration was associated with 0.16 higher RDW (95% CI: 0.14, 0.18) and a doubling of lead concentration with 0.04 higher RDW (95% CI: 0.01, 0.06). Also, higher cadmium and lead concentrations were associated with increased odds of high RDW (RDW>14.8%). The associations were more pronounced in women and those with low-to-normal mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and held even after controlling for iron, folate or vitamin B12 deficiencies. In analysis including both metals, cadmium remained associated with RDW, whereas the corresponding association for lead was substantially attenuated. In this general population sample, blood cadmium and lead exposures were positively associated with RDW. The associations may indicate hemolytic or erythropoietic mechanisms by which exposure increases mortality risk.
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Mohamedahmed, Khalid Abdelsamea, Mowahib Omar Mubarak, Albadawi Abdebagi Talha, et al. "Assessment of Red Cell Distribution Width among Sudanese Patients with Subclinical Hypothyroidism." International Journal of Biomedicine 13, no. 2 (2023): 229–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21103/article13(2)_oa4.
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Background: Thyroid dysfunction has a strong association with anemia. Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) was traditionally regarded as a part of the routine evaluation of anemia. Several studies have indicated that elevated RDW level is significantly associated with subclinical hypothyroidism and hypothyroidism. The present study aimed to assess the impact of subclinical hypothyroidism (SHT) on RDW in Sudanese patients. Methods and Results: The study was designed as a case-control, laboratory-based study carried out at the National Cancer Institute – University of Gezira (NCI-UG) (Wad Medani, Gezira State, Sudan) from January to October 2020.The samples were collected randomly from 100 subjects: 50 patients (mean age 38.50±10.46 years; 36% males and 64% females) with hypothyroidism (case group) and 50 apparently healthy individuals (mean age 35.52±11.64 years; 46% males and 54% females) (control group). The case group was divided into 2 subgroups: Sub1 included 43(86%) patients with SHT grade 1 (TSH of 6-10μIU/mL), and Sub2 included 7(14%) patients with SHT grade 2 (TSH>10μIU/mL). A 3ml venous blood sample was collected in an EDTA container from each participant. The parameters of the RBCs (RBC count, MCV, RDW-CV, and RDW-SD) were measured using the Sysmex XP-300 Automated Hematology Analyzer. In the case group, the average levels of RDW-SD, RDW-CV, and MCV were higher than in the control group (P=0.000 in all cases). There was a significant difference in RDW-CV between Sub1 and Sub2 (P=0.040). We found no significant differences in RDW-SD and RDW-CV between different age groups. There was a significant difference in RBC count between different age groups (P=0.022), and significant differences in RBC count and MCV between males and females. RDW-SD and RDW-CV had a significant positive correlation within TSH and a significant negative correlation within T3 and T4. Conclusion: RDW-CV may be used as a marker of SHT grade 2.
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Deka, Anupama, and Aravind P. "Red cell distribution width as a diagnostic marker in neonatal sepsis." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 7, no. 4 (2020): 820. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20201137.
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Background: The early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis, a significant cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality still remains a challenge. Red-cell Distribution Width (RDW) vary significantly in conditions associated with inflammation and infection like sepsis. The study aims to find the normal range of RDW in healthy newborns and investigate the role of RDW in the early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis.Methods: This is a prospective observational study, 50 normal and 50 sepsis neonates were considered for the study. The neonatal sepsis group consisted of neonates with (i) Positive sepsis screen with/without clinical features of neonatal sepsis and/or (ii) Blood, urine or CSF culture positive or signs of pneumonia on chest x-ray. The mean RDW and the relationship between RDW and neonatal sepsis were analysed using appropriate statistical methods in SPSS-25 software.Results: Mean RDW (%) was significantly higher in sepsis neonates (18.59±1.28) than in normal newborns (16.21±1.35). RDW had statistical significance with CRP (C-Reactive Protein) in the sepsis group. RDW had significant relationship with the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis with a p value of 0.000. An RDW cut-off level of 17.25% had 86% sensitivity, 87% specificity, and 93.5% accuracy in diagnosing neonatal sepsis.Conclusions: RDW helps as a diagnostic test in the early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis.
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Dai, Ming, Qiyao Wei, Yuxin Zhang, Chuanqin Fang, Ping Qu, and Lei Cao. "Predictive Value of Red Blood Cell Distribution Width in Poststroke Depression." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2021 (July 19, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8361504.
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Purpose. Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) is increased in a variety of inflammatory-related diseases. However, there is no report of its clinical significance in poststroke depression (PSD). This study explores the clinical significance of RDW in PSD patients. Methods. A total of 185 patients with first-ever acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) in the Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University were chosen as subjects. A retrospective observational study was conducted from February 2019 to February 2020. PSD patients were diagnosed at 6 months after stroke based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV criteria. Clinical and laboratory data were obtained from all patients. Coefficient of Variation (RDW-CV) and standard deviation (RDW-SD) were used to statistically report the performance of red blood cell distribution width. Results. At the 6-month follow-up, 46 patients were diagnosed with PSD. Compared with non-PSD patients, PSD patients exhibited an increase in RDW-CV and RDW-SD, which positively correlated with serum interleukin 6 (IL-6) concentrations. In PSD patients, only RDW-SD demonstrated a consistent positive association with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) scores at 6 months after admission. RDW-CV, RDW-SD, and IL-6 were recognized as independent predictors of PSD. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of RDW-SD was 0.796 (95% CI: 0.731-0.852) for the prediction of PSD, which was superior to that of RDW-CV. The specificity for predicting PSD was 60.43%, and the sensitivity was 91.30% if RDW-SD was higher than 43.80 fL. Conclusions. RDW-SD is a simple, inexpensive, rapid, and easily accessible parameter that can be used to predict PSD in patients with stroke.
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Kovuri Umadevi, Nagarjunachary Rajarikam, Motrapu Lavanya, Mohd Imran Ali, Farida Begum, and Seshava Puri Smitha Vadana. "Red cell distribution width, platelet distribution width, and plateletcrit as indicators of prognosis in COVID-19 patients - A single-center study." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 14, no. 6 (2023): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v14i6.53171.
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Background: COVID-19 is still present in the world, though the extent varies by region and country. According to the World Health Organization, there have been over 617 million confirmed cases of COVID-19 and over 13 million deaths worldwide since the pandemic began on March 10, 2023. Aims and Objectives: This is a study conducted with the aim of providing biomarkers to predict COVID-19 disease progression and mortality based on red cell indices and platelet indices which are commonly measured as part of a complete blood count (CBC). Materials and Methods: A prospective study was conducted during the peak of the second wave of COVID-19 from March 2021 to June 2021. The study included 540 patients who were admitted to the Government General Hospital, Nizamabad, and had tested positive for COVID-19 by RT-PCR. Red Blood Cell (RBC), Hematocrit (HCT), Red cell indices like Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), Red Cell Distribution width (RDW) and Platelet indices like Mean Platelet Volume (MPV), Platelet Distribution Width (PDW), Plateletcrit (PCT), Platelet–Large Cell Ratio were taken from CBC analyzer Sysmex XN-1000 and analyzed statistically. The patients were then followed up for a period of 14 days to track their outcomes. Results: In the data, majority were male n=334 (62%) and n=280 (38%) were female. 70.37% (n=380) were survivors and 29.63% (n=160) were non-survivors. Red blood cell, red cell indices such as RDW-CV and RDW-SD, and platelet indices such as PCT and PDW were significantly higher in non-survivors compared to survivors with P<0.05. Conclusion: Non-survivors had significantly higher levels of RDW-CV, RDW-SD, PCT, and PDW compared to survivors. These parameters in combination can be useful for predicting COVID-19 mortality at early stage in forthcoming waves.
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Tekce, Hikmet, Buket Kin Tekce, Gulali Aktas, Mehmet Tanrisev, and Mustafa Sit. "The Evaluation of Red Cell Distribution Width in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients." International Journal of Nephrology 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/754370.
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Background. Red cell distribution width (RDW) has been used as a marker of iron deficiency; however, it is accepted as a marker of cardiovascular survival. We aimed to study RDW levels in hemodialysis (HD) patients and the association between RDW and inflammatory, nutritional, and volume markers.Methods. We included 296 HD patients with sufficient iron storage and without anemia or hypervolemia. We grouped patients into four groups according to clinical parameters, albumin, and C-reactive protein (CRP).Results. The lowest RDW levels were found in group 1 (13.2%). Although RDW of group 2 was higher than that of group 1, it was still in normal range (14.7% versus 13.2%,P=0.028). RDW levels of groups 3 (17.8%) and 4 (18.5%) were significantly higher than those of groups 1 and 2 and above normal range. A positive correlation was detected between RDW and HD duration, interdialytic weight gain (IDWG), serum phosphate, and CRP levels and a negative correlation was detected with serum albumin. HD duration, CRP, IDWG, and serum albumin have been found as independent predictors of RDW elevation.Conclusions. Results of the present study reflect adverse effects of inflammation, malnutrition, and excess IDWG on RDW elevation in an HD study cohort with sufficient iron storage and without anemia and hypervolemia.
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Ellingsen, Trygve, Anders Vik, Tove Skjelbakken, et al. "Red cell distribution width and carotid atherosclerosis progression The Tromsø Study." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 113, no. 03 (2015): 649–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th14-07-0606.
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SummaryRed cell distribution width (RDW), a measure of the size variability of circulating erythrocytes, is associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. We aimed to investigate whether RDW was associated with progression of atherosclerotic plaques in subjects recruited from the general population. Baseline characteristics, including RDW, were collected from 4677 participants in the fourth survey of the Tromsø Study conducted in 1994/95. Prevalence of carotid plaques and total plaque area (TPA) were assessed by ultrasonographic imaging at baseline and after seven years of follow-up. Generalised linear models were used to analyse change in TPA across tertiles of RDW. Change in TPA was significantly higher across tertiles of RDW in crude analysis and in multivariable analysis adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors. The mean change in TPA increased from 5.6 mm2 (4.9–6.4) in tertile 1 (RDW ≤ 12.6 %) to 6.7 mm2 (5.9–7.6) in tertile 3 (RDW ≥ 13.3) in multivariable analysis adjusted for body mass index, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, self-reported diabetes, smoking status, platelet count, white blood cell count, and hs-CRP levels (p for trend 0.003). A 1 % increase in RDW was associated with 0.6 mm2 (0.1–1.2) increase in TPA in multivariable analysis (p=0.03). RDW was associated with progression of atherosclerosis after adjustments for traditional atherosclerotic risk factors. Our findings suggest that the link between RDW and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality may be explained by atherosclerosis.
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Diamond, Akiva, Kirsten M. Boughan, Marcos J. G. De Lima, and Paolo Fabrizio Caimi. "Prognostic value of baseline elevated red cell distribution width in DLBCL." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (2020): e20031-e20031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e20031.
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e20031 Background: Elevated red cell distribution width (RDW) has been associated with all-cause mortality, risk of developing cancer and cancer mortality in large retrospective studies. The underlying mechanism may be due to inflammatory and nutritional abnormalities. We hypothesized DLBCL patients with an elevated RDW at the time of diagnosis would have a worse prognosis. Methods: A retrospective single-institution study included 541 DLBCL patients diagnosed between 2001 and 2016. RDW over 14.5% was considered high, as this was the upper limit of normal at our institution. The overall and progression free survival was estimated using Kaplan-Meier methods, and the difference between groups was compared using the log-rank test. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed with Cox proportional hazards regression. Results: We identified 410 DLBCL pts with available baseline RDW, 229 (56%) had RDW > 14.5. Median follow up from diagnosis was 60 months. The complete response rate was 63.8% in the group with high RDW (n = 152) and 88.4% in the normal RDW group (n = 216, p < 0.0001) . For patients with high RDW, 1-year overall survival (OS) was 65% (95%CI 0.58-0.72) vs 90% (95%CI 0.87-0.94) for pts with normal RDW < / = 14.5; 2-year OS was 57% (95%CI 0.50-0.65) vs 84% (95%CI 0.79-0.89), respectively (p < 0.0001). This difference remained statistically significant when the analysis was restricted to patients treated with anthracycline-containing regimens given with curative intent (2y OS = 66% vs. 87.5%, p < 0.0001). Univariate analysis revealed that R-IPI, high RDW, elevated LDH, albumin < 3.5mg/dl, Hgb < 10g/dl, advanced stage disease, bulky disease, extra nodal disease, and ECOG performance status 3-4 were associated with worse OS. In multivariate analysis, older age (HR 2.07, 95%CI 1.38-3.1), high RDW (HR 1.68, 95%CI 1.15-2.5), albumin < 3.5mg/dl (HR 1.76, 95%CI 1.18-2.6) and ECOG 3-4 (HR 2.47, 95%CI 1.47-4.2) were independent prognostic factors for OS. Conclusions: High RDW is associated with worse response rates and independently associated with worse OS in patients with DLBCL. Based on our study, DLBCL patients with high RDW at diagnosis should be considered at higher risk of mortality and treatment failure. Further research is needed to clarify the underlying mechanism and to evaluate the utility of incorporating RDW into prognostic indices.
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Gerald, Chi, Ahmad Asrar, Zulfiqar Malik Qasim, et al. "Prognostic Value of Red Cell Distribution Width in Acute Coronary Syndrome." Open Access Blood Research & Transfusion Journal 1, no. 4 (2018): 555570. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1202056.
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Abstract: Anisocytosis denotes the presence of unequal sizes of erythrocytes in the circulation and may signify the development of nutritional deficiency anemias, sickle cell anemia, hemolytic anemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, and other hematological disorders. Red cell distribution width (RDW), a quantitative measure of the magnitude of anisocytosis, is routinely reported as a part of complete blood count by automated instruments in hematology laboratories. An elevated RDW is commonly used in the differential diagnoses of nutritional deficiency anemias and thalassemias. Rapidly accruing evidence indicates that RDW may offer prognostic information regarding the clinical outcomes in various cardiovascular scenarios. This article aims to review the current knowledge concerning the predictive value of RDW in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Elevated RDW is a strong predictor for mortality and major adverse cardiac events among patients admitted with acute myocardial infarction. When incorporated into conventional risk assessment models, RDW also enhances the performance in predicting cardiovascular outcome. In light of its wide availability, low cost and common use, future research should consider RDW measurement in the risk stratification schemes for patients with coronary artery disease.
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Francis, Jiss Ann, N. A. Arun, Rennis Davis, and T. A. Ajith. "Analysis of red cell distribution width in patients presented with interstitial lung disease." Pulmon 23, no. 1 (2021): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0973-3809.364130.
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Background: Redcell distribution width (RDW) is a prognostic tool of different clinical conditions and a powerful predictor of mortality in elder adults. Increased RDW values were related to underlying chronic inflammation including interstitial lung disease(ILD). RDW as a biomarker to assess the severity of disease in ILD patients was reported. This study was aimed to evaluatethe change in RDW in ILD patients in late stages of the disease. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted among patients who died with ILD. Values of RDW during the later stages of disease (close to and 2 months beforedeath)werecollected from medical records. Variations of RDW in patients with or without smoking habits, occupational exposures, and types of ILD were also studied. Data were statistically analysed. Results: Forty-two patients died with ILD included. The value of RDW at 2 months before death was 15.4 ±1.8, whereas the valueclose to death was 16.1 ±2.4(p=0.030). The change in RDW values during late stages of ILD is significant. There was no association between RDW value 2 months before death with smoking history(p=0.112) or occupation(p=0.119) or types of ILD(P=0.121). But 86% of people with the smoking history presented with abnormal RDW value (>14.5%) at the time of their first presentation itself. No variation in RDW was found among patients with history of smoking status, occupational exposures, or types of ILD Conclusion: Increase in RDW was associated with later stages of ILD. Change in RDW value in later stages of can be used as a biomarker for poor survival.
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Park, Kook In, and Kir Young Kim. "Clinical Evaluation of Red Cell Volume Distribution Width (RDW)." Yonsei Medical Journal 28, no. 4 (1987): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3349/ymj.1987.28.4.282.
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Yu, Hea Min, Kang Seo Park, and Jae Min Lee. "The value of red blood cell distribution width in subclinical hypothyroidism." Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia 58, no. 1 (2014): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0004-2730000002836.
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Objective : Therefore, we evaluated the relationship between the subclinical hypothyroidism and red cell distribution width (RDW) levels in a healthy population. Subjects and methods : The medical records of 23,343 consecutive health subjects were reviewed. Subjects were classified into four thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) groups to determine the correlation between TSH and other variables in detail (0.3 to < 2.5 mU/L, 2.5 to < 5 mU/L, 5 to < 7.5 mU/L, and ≥ 7.5 mU/L). Results : In the multivariate linear regression analysis, RDW was associated with TSH levels, and e-GFR was inversely associated with TSH levels, respectively (standardized beta coefficient = 0.102, -0.019; p < 0.001, p < 0.001). After adjusting for age and sex, in the four groups, TSH levels were significantly correlated with RDW, estimated glomerular filtration rate (e-GFR), and free thyroxine (fT4) levels in all groups. Furthermore in the 4 th group, RDW levels were more strongly associated with TSH levels than in the other groups (p = 0.006). Conclusions : RDW levels are correlated with euthyroid and subclinical thyroid status. Notably, RDW is more correlated with subclinical hypothyroidism than the euthyroid status. This study presents the relationship between the RDW levels and thyroid function using TSH level in a large healthy population.
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Mahendrappa, Kotyal B., and Shravya S. Rao. "Red cell distribution width as predictor tool in critically ill neonate." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 8, no. 3 (2021): 517. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20210657.
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Background: Neonatal sepsis is one of the most common causes for critically ill neonate. Early recognition and prompt treatment are crucial. Red cell distribution width (RDW) varies significantly in such conditions. This study aims at finding the relation between RDW and critically ill neonate.Methods: This hospital based prospective cohort study was conducted on 60 neonates with suspected sepsis. The RDW values were collected at admission and after 72 hours of admission. The primary outcome measures were mortality and recovery from illness. Statistical analysis was done using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) 22 version software with appropriate statistical methods applied.Results: The mean RDW in our study group was 14.788±2.138. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for RDW at 72 hours of admission revealed area under curve (AUC) 0.810 at 14% cut-off with sensitivity of 81.25%, specificity of 72.73%, positive predictive values (PPV) 52% and negative predictive values (NPV) 91.4% with p<0.0001.Conclusions: RDW is a simple, easily available, rapid test to predict the outcome in critically ill neonate.
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RajendraPoudel, RajAdhikari Krishna, ChandraBaral Sarad, SrijanaPaudel, and Shakya Ambalika. "Role of Red Cell Distribution Width in Severity Assessment of Ischemic Stroke." International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 7, no. 6 (2022): 603–7. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6798069.
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To study the role of Red cell distribution width(RDW) in assessing the severity of ischemic stroke. Materials and methodology: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted among 70 patients admitted in Bir Hospital with clinical symptomatology of stroke and/ or positive neuroimaging evidence of ischemic stroke during the study period (October 2019 to November 2020). Along with detailed history, clinical examination, routine CT scan, patient were subjected to routine blood investigations like Complete blood count (CBC) including RDW. RDW was categorised into high (RDW > 14.5) and low/normal (14.5 and 43% had RDW<14.5. Among all, seven patients (10%) had mild, 51 (73%) had moderate, nine (13%) had moderate to severe and three (4%)) had severe stroke. The mean RDW in mild, moderate, moderate to severe and severe stroke were 12.886±1.11, 14.065±1.86, 16.922±2.06 and 18.200±1.04 respectively. High RDW was associated with greater severity of stroke. (p<0.01). An RDW value more than 14.5 was significantly associated with greater severity of stroke (p<0.01). Conclusion: An RDW of 14.5 or more was associated with increased severity of stroke. Also greater RDW was significantly associated with higher grade of stroke.
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Ellingsen, Trygve S., Tove Skjelbakken, Ellisiv B. Mathiesen, et al. "Red cell distribution width is associated with future risk of incident stroke." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 115, no. 01 (2016): 126–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th15-03-0234.
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SummaryRed cell distribution width (RDW), a measure of the variability in size of the circulating erythrocytes, is associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. We aimed to investigate whether RDW was associated with incident stroke and case fatality in subjects recruited from the general population. Baseline characteristics were obtained from 25,992 subjects participating in the fourth survey of the Tromsø Study, conducted in 1994/95. Incident stroke was registered from inclusion until December 31, 2010. Cox regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) with 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CI) for stroke, adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, smoking, haemoglobin level, white blood cell count, thrombocyte count, hypertension, total cholesterol, triglycerides, self-reported diabetes, and red blood cell count. During a median follow-up of 15.8 years, 1152 participants experienced a first-ever stroke. A 1 % increment in RDW yielded a 13 % higher risk of stroke (multivariable HR: 1.13, 95 % CI: 1.07–1.20). Subjects with RDW in the highest quintile compared to the lowest had a 37 % higher risk of stroke in multivariable analysis (HR: 1.37, 95 % CI: 1.11–1.69). Subjects with RDW above the 95-percentile had 55 % higher risk of stroke compared to those in the lowest quintile (HR: 1.55, 95 % CI: 1.16–2.06). All risk estimates remained unchanged after exclusion of subjects with anaemia (n=1102). RDW was not associated with increased risk of death within one year or during the entire follow-up after an incident stroke. RDW is associated with incident stroke in a general population, independent of anaemia and traditional atherosclerotic risk factors.
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González-Sierra, Marta, Alejandro Romo-Cordero, Juan C. Quevedo-Abeledo, et al. "Red Cell Distribution Width Association with Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis." Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 20 (2023): 6497. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12206497.
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Red cell distribution width (RDW) is a measure of the variation in mean corpuscular volume that reflects the degree of anisocytosis on the peripheral blood smear. RDW value variation has been implicated in several disorders including chronic inflammatory processes and cardiovascular (CV) diseases. In the present work, our objective was to study the relationship that RDW has with the characteristics of the disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), focusing on CV risk factors and subclinical atherosclerosis. A cross-sectional study was conducted that included 430 patients with RA and 208 controls matched by sex and age. Complete blood count, including RDW, was assessed. Multivariable analysis was performed to analyze the relationship of RDW with RA disease characteristics, subclinical carotid atherosclerosis, and traditional CV factors, including a comprehensive profile of lipid molecules and insulin resistance and beta cell function indices. After multivariable adjustment, the RDW was significantly higher in RA patients compared with controls (beta coefficient 1.0 [95% confidence interval 0.2 to 1.8] %, p = 0.020). Furthermore, although the erythrocyte sedimentation rate showed a positive and significant relationship with RDW, this association was not found with C-reactive protein and interleukin-6. A positive and independent relationship was observed between DAS28-ESR disease activity score and RDW. However, no association was found between the RDW and other disease activity scores that do not include erythrocyte sedimentation rate in their formula. The SCORE2 CV risk algorithm was positively and significantly associated with higher RDW values. Likewise, a negative relationship was found between RDW with total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and a positive relationship was found between RDW and insulin resistance indices. In conclusion, RDW values are higher in RA patients compared to matched controls. Although the relationship of RDW with disease activity was not consistent, RDW shows associations with subclinical CV disease risk factors, including dyslipidemia and insulin resistance, and with the SCORE2 CV disease-risk prediction algorithm.
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Dalton, Jarrod, David Zidar, Sadeer Al-Kindi, Nikolas I. Krieger, and Adam Perzynski. "Age-Related Variation in Cardiovascular Risk Associated With Red Cell Distribution Width." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (2020): 523–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1688.
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Abstract We previously showed that routine indicators of immune-hematologic function are strongly associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, especially among older adults, in whom traditional atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk factors predict poorly. The objective of this study was to quantify differences in the relationship between red cell distribution width (RDW) and 5-year risk of ASCVD events (stroke, myocardial infarction or cardiovascular death) as a function of age and the area deprivation index (ADI). We analyzed electronic health records of 76287 Cuyahoga County, Ohio residents who were over age 40 and who visited Cleveland Clinic Health System and/or MetroHealth System in two consecutive years between 2005 and 2015, the latter of which served as the index/baseline. Multivariable Cox regression was used, adjusting for sex, race/ethnicity, diabetes, systolic blood pressure and antihypertensive use. Generally, RDW levels in disadvantaged neighborhoods corresponded to people 15-20 years older from affluent neighborhoods. In a main-effects-only model, we found higher ASCVD event rates associated with age (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] per 10 year increment: 1.34 [1.32–1.35]), ADI (top vs. bottom quintile: 1.30 [1.24–1.36]) and RDW (&gt;16% vs ≤13%: 2.03 [1.94–2.12]). Age and RDW exhibited a synergistic interaction (χ2 = 17.7 on 2 df, p&lt;0.001), with slightly larger RDW effects associated with increasing age, while evidence of differential RDW effects across ADI quintiles was weak (χ2 = 12.9 on 8 df, p=0.11). We conclude that RDW effects on ASCVD event risk are large, independent from traditional ASCVD risk factors and increase with advancing age.
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Kumar, Vineet, Kusugodlu Ramamoorthi, and Meghana Shridhar. "Red cell distribution width as a prognostic marker for patients with heart failure." International Journal of Academic Medicine 10, no. 4 (2024): 217–23. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijam.ijam_146_24.
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Abstract Introduction: Heart failure (HF) is among the increasing concerns in the Indian population. Since HF shows close association with increasing inflammation, the present study was conducted with an aim to study the role of red cell distribution width (RDW) as a prognostic marker for heart failure (HF) and to correlate RDW with severity of HF and outcomes. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was done on 100 adult patients with HF. Demographic, clinical, comorbidities, and New York Heart Association (NYHA) grading were noted. Laboratory investigations included complete blood counts, troponin T, RDW, NT-proBNP, and kidney function test. Electrocardiogram and echocardiography were done. The outcomes noted were intensive care unit admission, use of mechanical ventilation, duration of hospital stay, and in-hospital mortality. Association of RDW with outcomes was assessed. Results: Patients with HF had reduced ejection fraction in 81% of cases and preserved ejection fraction in 19% of cases. The rate of in-hospital mortality was 2%. The mean duration of hospital stay was 4.71 ± 2.68 days. RDW showed a significant association with dyspnea NYHA grade (P = 0.002) and fatigue NYHA grade (P = 0.006). RDW was significantly higher in HF with reduced ejection fraction as compared to HF with preserved ejection fraction (16.47 ± 2 vs. 15.09 ± 1.7, P = 0.007). At the cutoff value of >17.4%, RDW proved to be the significant predictor of in-hospital mortality with area under the curve of 0.801 to accurately predict in-hospital mortality. Conclusion: RDW independently predicts outcomes in critically ill HF patients. RDW proved to be a predictor of preserved and reduced ejection fraction and hospital mortality. The prognostic significance of RDW suggests that RDW can help with risk stratification upon admission and for prognostication of mortality in patients with HF. The core competencies addressed in this article are: Patient care, Medical knowledge, Systems-based practice, and Practice-based learning and improvement.
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Hutasuhut, Soraya Mourina, Alwi Thamrin Nasution, and M. Feldy Gazaly Nasution. "Correlation between Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW) with Kidney Function and Hematologic Parameters in Patients undergo Regular Hemodialysis." Journal of Endocrinology, Tropical Medicine, and Infectiouse Disease (JETROMI) 2, no. 4 (2020): 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jetromi.v2i4.4732.
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Background. Red cell distribution width (RDW) is a coefficient of variation in red blood cells that can decrease erythropoesis or increase the destructiveness of red blood cells. The objectives of research to determine the relationship of RDW as an inflammatory marker with renal function and hematological parameters in patients undergoing regular hemodialysis
 Method; Cross sectional research on 20 patients undergoing regular hemodialysis > 3 months in RSUP H Adam Malik Medan. Vital sign, antropometry and venous blood retrieval are performed shortly before hemodialysis. RDW measurement comes from the red blood cell distribution curve in hematological analysis and is an indicator of variation in red blood cell size.
 Result: out of 20 subjek studies, there were 13 men (65.0%) and 7 (35.0%) women The majority of subjects had comorbid diabetes mellitus 14 (70.0%), hypertension 4 (20.0%). The average length of time patients underwent hemodialysis was 24.45 ± 20.98 months. There is a significant correlation between RBW and creatinine, Hb, and neutropil (r: 0.519, p:0,019*; r: 0.497, p: 0.026*;r: 0.464, p: 0.039*, respectively)
 Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between RBW and creatinine, Hb and neutropphils in patients undergoing regular hemodialysis > 3 months.
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Lorente, Leonardo, María M. Martín, Pedro Abreu-González, et al. "Early Mortality of Brain Infarction Patients and Red Blood Cell Distribution Width." Brain Sciences 10, no. 4 (2020): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10040196.
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Background: Meta-analysis has found that high baseline red blood cell distribution width (RDW) is associated with increased long-term mortality (mortality at one year or more) in ischemic stroke. The objectives of this study were to determine whether there is an association between RDW and 30-day mortality, and to explore whether RDW during the first week of ischemic stroke could be a 30-day mortality biomarker. Methods: We included patients with malignant middle cerebral artery infarction (MMCAI). RDW at days 1, 4, and 8 of MMCAI were determined. The end-point study was 30-day mortality. Results: We found that survivor (n = 37) in respect to non-survivor patients (n = 37) had lower RDW at days 1 (p < 0.001), 4 (p < 0.001), and 8 (p = 0.02). The area under curve (95% CI) for prediction of 30-day mortality by RDW at days 1, 4, and 8 of MMCAI were 0.80 (0.69–0.89; p < 0.001), 0.79 (0.66–0.89; p < 0.001), and 0.73 (0.58–0.84; p = 0.02). Regression analysis showed an association between RDW (odds ratio = 1.695; 95% CI = 1.230–2.335; p < 0.001) and 30-day mortality. Conclusions: The association between RDW and early mortality, and the potential role of RDW during the first week of MMCAI as a prognostic biomarker of early mortality were the main novelties of our study.
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Ulrich, Anna, John Wharton, Timothy E. Thayer, et al. "Mendelian randomisation analysis of red cell distribution width in pulmonary arterial hypertension." European Respiratory Journal 55, no. 2 (2019): 1901486. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01486-2019.
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Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare disease that leads to premature death from right heart failure. It is strongly associated with elevated red cell distribution width (RDW), a correlate of several iron status biomarkers. High RDW values can signal early-stage iron deficiency or iron deficiency anaemia. This study investigated whether elevated RDW is causally associated with PAH.A two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) approach was applied to investigate whether genetic predisposition to higher levels of RDW increases the odds of developing PAH. Primary and secondary MR analyses were performed using all available genome-wide significant RDW variants (n=179) and five genome-wide significant RDW variants that act via systemic iron status, respectively.We confirmed the observed association between RDW and PAH (OR 1.90, 95% CI 1.80–2.01) in a multicentre case–control study (cases n=642, disease controls n=15 889). The primary MR analysis was adequately powered to detect a causal effect (odds ratio) between 1.25 and 1.52 or greater based on estimates reported in the RDW genome-wide association study or from our own data. There was no evidence for a causal association between RDW and PAH in either the primary (ORcausal 1.07, 95% CI 0.92–1.24) or the secondary (ORcausal 1.09, 95% CI 0.77–1.54) MR analysis.The results suggest that at least some of the observed association of RDW with PAH is secondary to disease progression. Results of iron therapeutic trials in PAH should be interpreted with caution, as any improvements observed may not be mechanistically linked to the development of PAH.
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Riedl, Julia, Florian Posch, Eva-Maria Reitter, et al. "Red Cell Distribution Width and Other Red Blood Cell Parameters in Patients with Cancer: Association with Risk of Venous Thromboembolism and Mortality." Blood 124, no. 21 (2014): 2859. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.2859.2859.
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Abstract Background: Cancer patients are at high risk of developing venous thromboembolism (VTE). However, the actual risk of VTE varies widely between individual patients and therefore in the past years several studies have focused on the identification of risk factors for cancer-associated VTE. Red cell distribution width (RDW) has been reported to be associated with arterial and venous thrombosis in non-cancer patients and with mortality in several diseases. RDW is a parameter of the complete blood count that describes the size variation of red blood cells (RBC). Here, we analyzed the association between RDW and other RBC parameters with risk of VTE and mortality in patients with cancer. Methods: RBC parameters (RDW, hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration) were measured in 1840 patients with cancers of the lung (=309), breast (n=273), brain (n=245), colon/rectum (n=182), prostate (n=157), pancreas (n=130), stomach (=63), kidney (n=42); lymphoma (n=260), multiple myeloma (n=49) and other tumor sites (n=130) that were included in the Vienna Cancer and Thrombosis Study (CATS). CATS is an ongoing prospective, observational cohort study of patients with newly diagnosed or progressive cancer after remission. Primary study outcome is occurrence of symptomatic VTE and secondary outcome is death during a maximum follow-up period of 2 years. Results: During a median follow-up of 706 days, 131 (7.1%) patients developed VTE and 702 (38.2%) died. High RDW (>16%) was not associated with a higher risk of VTE in the total study cohort; in competing risk analysis accounting for death as competing variable the univariable subhazard ratio (SHR) was 1.34 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.80-2.23, p=0.269). In patients with high RDW (>16%), the cumulative probability of VTE was 7.5% after 6 months, 8.7% after one year and 9.3% after two years in comparison to a probability of 5.0% after 6 months, 6.2% after one year and 7.2% after two years in those patients who had a lower RDW (Gray's test p=0.267; Figure 1). There was also no significant association between other RBC parameters and risk of VTE. In subgroup analysis of patients with solid tumors only, high RDW (>16%) was associated with an 80% increase in risk of VTE compared to lower RDW (SHR [95% CI]: 1.80 [0.99-3.26], p=0.053). However, in multivariable analyses adjusting for age, sex, hemoglobin, leukocyte and platelet count we did not observe a significant association between RDW and risk of VTE (SHR [95% CI]: 1.57 [0.81-3.04], p=0.182). High RDW was associated with an increased risk of mortality in the total study population (hazard ratio [HR, 95% CI]: 1.72 [1.39-2.12], p<0.001), and this association prevailed after adjustment for age, sex, hemoglobin, leukocyte and platelet count (HR [95% CI]: 1.34 [1.06-1.70], p=0.016). The cumulative probability of survival in patients with high RDW (>16%) was 78.5% after 6 months, 66.2% after one year and 41.3% after two years. In comparison, patients with non-elevated RDW levels had a cumulative survival probability of 88.7% after 6 months, 75.1% after one year and 66.2% after two years (Log-rank p<0.001; Figure 2). Conclusions: RDW and other RBC parameters were not independently associated with risk of VTE in patients with cancer and might therefore not be of added value for estimating risk of VTE in patients with cancer. We could confirm that high RDW is an independent predictor of poor overall survival in cancer. Figure 1. Cumulative incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE), accounting for competing risk (death of any cause) in the total study cohort, grouped into patients with red cell distribution width (RDW) >16% and below, respectively. Figure 1. Cumulative incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE), accounting for competing risk (death of any cause) in the total study cohort, grouped into patients with red cell distribution width (RDW) >16% and below, respectively. Figure 2. Kaplan-Meier estimates for cumulative survival probability of cancer patients (total study cohort) with red blood cell distribution width (RDW) >16% and below, respectively. Figure 2. Kaplan-Meier estimates for cumulative survival probability of cancer patients (total study cohort) with red blood cell distribution width (RDW) >16% and below, respectively. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Misbah Batool, Roomisa Anis, Rashad Mahmood, Beenish Zafar, Khurram Shehzad Khan, and Azhar Ali. "Correlation of HbA1c with red cell width distribution and other red cell indices in Type II diabetic females." Professional Medical Journal 30, no. 12 (2023): 1540–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2023.30.12.7832.
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Objective: To assess the correlation of HbA1c with hemoglobin concentration, RWD, and other red cell indices in Type II diabetes mellitus female patients. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Physiology, Al Nafees Medical College, and Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad. Period: January 2019 to December 2020. Material & Methods: The study included 70 adult female diabetic patients, adhering to International Diabetes Federation guidelines. Exclusion criteria encompassed uncontrolled diabetes, pregnancy, renal issues, cardiac failure, and hemoglobinopathies. Laboratory tests, such as Complete Blood Count and HbA1c measurements, were conducted. SPSS version 23 was used for statistical analysis, employing mean, standard deviation, and Pearson's correlation to assess relationships among HbA1c, hemoglobin, Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW), and other red cell parameters. Results: A total of 70 female patients with diagnosed Type II diabetes mellitus were included in our study with a mean age of 40.45±12.70 years. The Mean±SD of study variables like HbA1c, hemoglobin, MCV, MCHC, RDW, and FBS of the patients was 5.91±0.89%, 11.23±1.59 gm/dl, 76.32±9.50fl, 31.02±3.39mg/dl, 12.78±1.51 and 100.53±15.52mg/dl respectively. A significant correlation between HbA1c and RDW was found and showed that both variables were positively correlated with each other. (r= 320, p=0.001). Conclusion: RDW correlates with HbA1C in female Type II diabetes patients, suggesting CBC, including RDW, as a cost-effective diagnostic marker alongside HbA1c for glycemic status assessment.
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Dinesh, J. Parmar, Ninama Ravindra, W. Ghugare Balaji, Chauhan Himanshu, Dinkar Mukesh, and Dholakia Aditi. "EFFECT OF CIGARETTE SMOKING ON HAEMOGLOBIN AND RBC COUNT AND RDW (RED CELL DISTRIBUTION WIDTH)." International Journal of Basic and Applied Physiology 5, no. 1 (2016): 118–21. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4505934.
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<strong>Background & objectives</strong>: Smoking has been found to harm nearly every bodily organ and organ system in the body and diminishes a person’s overall health Smoking is one of the most preventable causes of death in our society. Smoking affect the blood characteristics as well that leads to death .Therefore, in the present study we intended to determine the effect of Cigarette smoking on Haemoglobin and RBC count and RDW. <strong>Methods</strong>: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 healthy male subjects age between 20 to 50 year, out of 50 were non-smoker and 50 were smokers. The subjects who suffered any diseases were excluded. HB concentration, RBC count and RDW were compared between two groups. <strong>Results</strong>: Study shows that Hb concentration, RBC count and RDW were insignificantly higher in smokers than non-smoker. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Smoking affect the blood characteristics as well that leads to death. Our study showed that smoking had adverse effect on blood parameter and that is injurious to health.
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Conway, Richard, Declan Byrne, Deirdre O’Riordan, and Bernard Silke. "Red Cell Distribution Width as a Prognostic Indicator in Acute Medical Admissions." Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 16 (2023): 5424. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12165424.
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The red cell distribution width (RDW) is the coefficient of variation of the mean corpuscular volume (MCV). We sought to evaluate RDW as a predictor of outcomes following acute medical admission. We studied 10 years of acute medical admissions (2002–2011) with subsequent follow-up to 2021. RDW was converted to a categorical variable, Q1 < 12.9 fl, Q2–Q4 ≥ 12.9 and <15.7 fL and Q5 ≥ 15.7 fL. The predictive value of RDW for 30-day in-hospital and long-term mortality was evaluated with logistic and Cox regression modelling. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) were calculated and loss of life years estimated. There were 62,184 admissions in 35,140 patients. The 30-day in-hospital mortality (n = 3646) occurred in 5.9% of admissions. An additional 15,086 (42.9%) deaths occurred by December 2021. Admission RDW independently predicted 30-day in-hospital mortality aOR 1.93 (95%CI 1.79, 2.07). Admission RDW independently predicted long-term mortality aOR 1.04 (95%CI 1.02, 1.05). Median survival post-admission was 189 months. For those with admission RDW in Q5, observed survival half-life was 133 months—this represents a shortfall of 5.7 life years (33.9%). In conclusion, admission RDW independently predicts 30-day in-hospital and long-term mortality.
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Pan, Jingxue, Yan Borné, Isabel Gonçalves, Margaretha Persson, and Gunnar Engström. "Associations of Red Cell Distribution Width With Coronary Artery Calcium in the General Population." Angiology 73, no. 5 (2021): 445–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00033197211052124.
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Red cell distribution width (RDW) is a measure of the variability of erythrocyte volumes. RDW has been associated with incidence of cardiovascular diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms for the increased cardiovascular risk are still unclear. This study aimed to examine associations of RDW and coronary atherosclerosis in the general population. Computed tomography was performed and RDW was measured in fresh blood from 5772 subjects (aged 50–64 years) from the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS). Multinomial logistic regression was conducted to examine the associations between RDW and coronary artery calcium score (CACS). A total of 3902 (67.6%) individuals had low CACS (≤10), 18.6% had moderate CACS (>10 and ≤100) and 13.8% had high CACS (>100). The proportion with high CACS was 11.7%, 12.7%, 13.7% and 18.3%, respectively, in quartile 1–4 of RDW. After controlling for traditional risk factors, there were significant associations between RDW and high CACS: odds ratio = 1.51, 95% confidence interval: 1.18–1.94, and P = .001, for 4th vs 1st quartile of RDW. Elevated RDW is associated with coronary artery calcification in the middle-aged general population. RDW could be a reproducible and easily assessable biomarker of coronary calcification and cardiovascular risk.
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Aditya Prakash, Binay Kumar Shah, Ang Dali Sherpa, and Rahul Singh. "The Prognostic Consequence of Red Cell Distribution Width in Acute Pancreatitis." Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences 11, no. 01 (2023): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jucms.v11i01.54472.
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INTRODUCTION
 Acute pancreatitis is commonly a self-limiting disease but, about 25% of patients consequently develop a severe pancreatitis which leads to increase mortality. The available Scoring system is use to predicate severity of the Acute Pancreatitis, which is used for early diagnosis and management. Aim of this study is to assess the association of red blood cell distribution width (RDW) with severity and mortality in patients of acute pancreatitis.
 MATERIAL AND METHODS
 This retrospective study was carried out in Department of Surgery of National Medical College and Teaching Hospital. A total of 50 patients with diagnosis as acute pancreatitis over period of March 2020 to February 2022 was included. History and detailed clinical examination was performed as per the working proforma. Blood investigation was done. Data analysis was done using SPSS (Statistical Package for social sciences), version 25.
 RESULTS
 Mean age was 39.03 years. 68% cases were female. Acute Biliary was the most common cause. Mean RDW was 12.461, 14.50 and 15.309 in mild, moderate and severe Pancreatitis respectively with a p value of <0.001 showing significant association of RDW and severity of Pancreatitis. Mean RDW in alive was 13.046 and 16.625 in death with a p value of <0.001 showing signifi- cant association between RDW and outcome of acute Pancreatitis.
 CONCLUSION
 RDW is a predictor of severity in patients with severe acute pancreatitis.
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Wang, Jing, Zongren Wan, Qing Liu, et al. "Predictive Value of Red Blood Cell Distribution Width in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients with Pulmonary Embolism." Analytical Cellular Pathology 2020 (July 21, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1935742.
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Purpose. This study is aimed at investigating the relationship between red cell distribution width (RDW) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with pulmonary embolism (PE). Methods. We conducted a retrospective study enrolling a total of 125 patients from January 2013 to December 2019. The study group consisted of 40 COPD patients with PE, and the control group had 85 COPD patients without PE. Clinical data including demographic characteristics, comorbidities, and results of imaging examinations and laboratory tests were recorded. Blood biomarkers, including red blood cell distribution width standard deviation (RDW-SD), red blood cell distribution width coefficient of variation (RDW-CV), and D-Dimer, were included. Results. RDW-SD and RDW-CV were higher in the COPD patients with the PE group (p<0.001). A higher RDW-SD led to a significantly increased risk of PE than a lower RDW-SD (adjusted odds ratio (OR): 1.188; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.048-1.348). The area under the curve (AUC) of RDW-SD used for predicting PE was 0.737. Using 44.55 as the cutoff value of RDW-SD, the sensitivity was 80% and the specificity was 64.7%. The prediction accuracy of RDW-SD combined with D-Dimer (AUC=0.897) was higher than that of RDW-SD or D-Dimer alone. The optimal cutoff value of RDW-SD+D-Dimer for predicting PE was 0.266, which generated a sensitivity of 87.5% and specificity of 83.5%. Conclusion. RDW is significantly increased in COPD patients with PE and may thus be useful in predicting the occurrence of PE in patients with COPD.
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Wang, Peng, Chao Huang, Zhaowei Meng, et al. "No obvious association exists between red blood cell distribution width and thyroid function." Biomarkers in Medicine 13, no. 16 (2019): 1363–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/bmm-2018-0476.
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Aim: We aimed to explore gender impacts on the associations between red blood cell distribution width (RDW) and thyroid function in the Chinese population. Methods/results: Gender impacts on the associations between RDW and thyroid function in 8424 males and 5198 females were investigated. RDW was found significantly lower in males than in females. An increasing trend of RDW along with aging was demonstrated in males. For females, an obvious decrease was shown during menopause period. From binary logistic regression, RDW displayed negative relationship with hypothyroidism in both genders as a single factor. However, if RDW was analyzed as a categorical variable (in RDW width quartiles) and as a continuous variable in models with covariates, all the odds ratios were negative, except for a weak-negative relationship with hypothyroidism in women in a continuous RDW model. Conclusion: The current study suggests that anisocytosis could be a contributing factor in thyroid dysfunction.
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Easley, J. Roger. "Erythrogram and red cell distribution width of equidae with experimentally induced anemia." American Journal of Veterinary Research 46, no. 11 (1985): 2378–84. https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1985.46.11.2378.
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SUMMARY The erythrogram (erythrocyte histogram) and red cell distribution width (rdw) were evaluated in 5 purebred horses and 1 pony of mixed breeding with experimentally induced anemia. Four horses were studied for 6 weeks after 20% of their estimated blood volume was removed on each of 2 consecutive days (40% total blood loss; acute blood-loss group). Two horses were given acetylphenyl hydrazine iv daily, until acute Heinz body hemolytic anemia was induced; the 2 horses were then evaluated for 6 weeks. One horse and the pony had 20% of their estimated blood volume removed via phlebotomy once each week for 8 weeks to induce iron-deficiency anemia (chronic blood-loss group); the horse had been partially depleted of iron before the study began. Weekly blood samples were examined for changes in the erythrogram, rdw, mean cell volume (mcv), and erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. Fourteen days after acute blood loss, mild increases were seen in the mcv, which persisted to day 42. The rdw was increased at day 14 and remained increased until day 42; however, the percentage increase was double that of the mcv at days 14, 21, and 28. Erythrograms had mild extensions of the right slope at days 14 to 28. Mean erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity increased in all 3 groups, but individual concentrations were erratic. In the 2 horses with acute hemolytic anemia, modest increases of similar magnitude were seen in rdw and mcv. The rdw returned to pretreatment values by day 28, but mcv remained increased through day 42. The erythrogram had an extension of the right slope at days 14 and 21, and a mild shift to the right of the entire histogram was seen at day 21 in 1 horse and at day 28 in the other horse. This shift to the right persisted through day 42. In the chronic blood loss study, the horse that had been partially depleted of iron had no apparent increase in erythroid response; the rdw essentially did not change; and the mcv progressively decreased from day 21 to the end of the study (day 56); the erythrogram had a slight shift to the left from day 35 to day 56. The pony, which did not have prior iron depletion, had increased rdw and mcv at day 7; although these values were decreasing by day 56, the values continued to be higher than pretreatment values. The percentage increase of rdw was 2 to 5 times greater than that of the mcv from day 7 to day 35. Changes in the shape and position of the erythrogram were seen from day 14 to day 56. The erythrogram and rdw were useful in evaluating equine erythrocyte responses to different types of anemia.
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Docci, D., C. Delvecchio, C. Gollini, F. Turci, L. Baldrati, and P. Gilli. "Red Blood Cell Volume Distribution Width (RDW) in Uraemic Patients on Chronic Haemodialysis." International Journal of Artificial Organs 12, no. 3 (1989): 170–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039139888901200307.
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Red blood cell volume distribution width (RDW) was obtained with the Coulter counter in 60 haemodialysis patients and 55 normal individuals. RDW tended to be higher in the former and the degree of increase was to some extent correlated with the underlying nephropathy. Although RDW failed to correlate with conventional tests of iron status, it was observed that iron administration could produce a decrease toward normal in RDW and a parallel increase in haemoglobin when the initial RDW was increased. In contrast, the response to iron was negligible in the patients with normal RDW basally. It was concluded that high RDW is an acceptable indicator of iron deficiency in haemodialysis patients.