Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Rea (Boat)'

In recent years, intertidal reefs of Crassostrea virginica (eastern oyster) along central Florida's east coast have suffered extensive losses due to wakes from recreational boats. These wakes have caused extensive shell movement and sediment resuspension which results in large piles of disarticulated shells along the seaward edges of reefs. Dead margins extend up to one meter above mean high water. The creation and enforcement of "no wake" zones in the area are unlikely. Thus, there is an urgent need for an alternative restoration strategy before these oyster reefs decline any further. The goal of this project was to develop a scientifically-based restoration technique that minimized wake damage from recreational vessels on intertidal reefs in Canaveral National Seashore. To accomplish this, I tested a range of restoration measures to identify a design that best increased: 1) oyster recruitment, 2) three-dimensional structure of the intertidal reefs, and 3) biodiversity and abundances of sessile and motile species associated with reefs. As a starting substrate in all treatments, I used restoration mats, which were created by affixing 36 drilled oyster shells to 0.4 x 0.4 m pieces of black mesh (Vexar). Five mats were deployed on the fore-reef, midreef, and backreef areas of each reef. In my experiment, I manipulated two habitat conditions: 1) leveling of existing dead margins to bring the top of the dead margin below mean high water to facilitate settling of larvae, and 2) deploying artificial seagrass seaward of the mats to act as a wake buffer. All combinations of these variables and all appropriate controls were replicated on six oyster reefs each, for a total of thirty reefs. Reefs that were leveled were significantly reduced in height and this difference was maintained throughout the 1 year study. Unleveled reefs actually increased in mean height over the 12 months. Tracking loose shells covering our restoration mats over time likewise documented that shell movement was minimal on control reefs lacking dead margins and significantly greater on reefs with dead margins. Midreef areas on reefs with dead margins were almost completely buried by loose shells. Quarterly monitoring of the number of spat settling on all restoration mats allowed for comparisons between treatments and locations on oyster reefs. After determining that overall water flow on the fore reef areas of all treatments was similar, I tested the null hypothesis that all treatments had similar recruitment of oyster larvae. My first alternative hypothesis was that artificial seagrass would increase oyster recruitment if the grass was a successful wake buffer and minimized sediment resuspension known to be lethal to newly settled oyster or prevented disarticulated oyster shell from moving and reforming mounds. My second alternative hypothesis was that the leveling of the dead margins would increase the total reef surface area available to larval oyster recruitment and thus lead to an increase in the number of recruits and eventually 3-dimensional reef structures (when oysters grow in close proximity and affix themselves together). Statistical analyses showed the artificial seagrass did not decrease the negative impacts caused by recreational boat wakes. Hence, it is not a recommended method for reef restoration. Recruitment of oysters significantly increased over time and significantly differed on various regions of the reefs. Recruitment was always highest on the fore-reef regions and lowest on back-reef regions. Although overall recruitment did not differ among treatments, it was significantly lower on midreef regions of the impacted reefs. This suggests that the leveling of the oyster reefs would increase the surface area available for future oyster recruitment. To look at biodiversity, I tested the hypothesis that all treatments would have similar biodiversity on a month by month basis. Alternatively, biodiversity should always be greatest on leveled reef with artificial seagrass due to increased 3-dimensional structure nearby and longer submersion times. To enumerate biodiversity, two lift nets were placed on each reef, one contained a restoration mat and the other contained only mesh (control). In most months, the four experimental treatments were similar according to the biodiversity measures analyzed. However, biodiversity was always higher in lift nets with restoration mats when compared to lift nets with mesh only. This result again suggests that the mats as designed are important restoration tools. Overall, my results show that placing seagrass in front of oyster reefs may not help to better restoration efforts. However, leveling dead margins on reefs and using the restoration mats is beneficial to oyster reef habitat restoration efforts. As a result of my research, restoration mats, in combination with leveling dead margins, are currently being used in a large-scale, community-based oyster reef restoration project within Canaveral National Seashore boundaries.
M.S.
Department of Biology
Sciences
Biology MS

L'interaction sociale, l'éducation et la santé ne sont que quelques exemples de domaines dans lesquels l'évolution rapide de la technologie a eu un grand impact sur la qualité de vie. Les entreprises s’appuient de plus en plus sur les systèmes embarqués pour augmenter leur productivité, leur efficacité et leurs valeurs. Dans les usines, la précision des robots tend à remplacer la polyvalence humaine. Bien que les appareils connectés comme les drônes, les montres intelligentes ou les maisons intelligentes soient de plus en plus populaires ces dernières années, ce type de technologie a été utilisé depuis longtemps dans les industries concernées par la sécurité des utilisateurs. L’industrie avionique utilise des ordinateurs pour ses produits depuis 1972 avec la production du premier avion A300; elle a atteint des progrès étonnants avec le développement du premier avion Concorde en 1976 en dépassant de nombreuses années les avions de son époque, et ça a été considéré comme un miracle de la technologie. Certaines innovations et connaissances acquises pour le Concorde sont toujours utilisées dans les modèles récents comme A380 ou A350. Un système embarqué est un système à microprocesseur qui est construit pour contrôler une fonction ou une gamme de fonctions et qui n’est pas conçu pour être programmé par l'utilisateur final de la même manière qu'un ordinateur personnel. Un système temps-réel est un système de traitement de l’information qui doit répondre aux stimuli d’entrées générées de manière externe dans une période finie et spécifiée. Le comportement de ces systèmes prend en compte non seulement l'exactitude dépend non seulement du résultat logique mais aussi du temps dans lequel il a été livré. Les systèmes temps-réel peuvent être trouvés dans des industries comme l'aéronautique, l'aérospatiale, l'automobile ou l’industrie ferroviaire mais aussi dans les réseaux de capteurs, les traitements d'image, les applications multimédias, les technologies médicales, les robotiques, les communications, les jeux informatiques ou les systèmes ménagers. Dans cette thèse, nous nous concentrons sur les systèmes temps-réel embarqués et pour la facilité des notations, nous leur nommons simplement des systèmes temps réel. Nous pourrions nous référer aux systèmes cyber-physiques si tel est le cas. Le pire temps d’exécution (WCET) d'une tâche représente le temps maximum possible pour qu’elle soit exécutée. Le WCET est obtenu après une analyse de temps et souvent il ne peut pas être déterminé avec précision en déterminant toutes les exécutions possibles. C'est pourquoi, dans l'industrie, les mesures sont faites uniquement sur un sous-ensemble de scénarios possibles, celui qui générerait les temps d'exécution les plus élevés, et une limite supérieure de temps d’exécution est estimé en ajoutant une marge de sécurité au plus grand temps observé. L’analyses de temps est un concept clé qui a été utilisé dans les systèmes temps-réel pour affecter une limite supérieure aux WCET des tâches ou des fragments de programme. Cette affectation peut être obtenue soit par analyse statique, soit par analyse des mesures. Les méthodes statiques et par mesure, dans leurs approches déterministes, ont tendance à être extrêmement pessimistes. Malheureusement, ce niveau de pessimisme et le sur-provisionnement conséquent ne peut pas être accepté par tous les systèmes temps-réels, et pour ces cas, d'autres approches devraient être prises en considération
In our times, we are surrounded by technologies meant to improve our lives, to assure its security, or programmed to realize different functions and to respect a series of constraints. We consider them as embedded systems or often as parts of cyber-physical systems. An embedded system is a microprocessor-based system that is built to control a function or a range of functions and is not designed to be programmed by the end user in the same way that a PC is. The Worst Case Execution Time (WCET) of a task represents the maximum time it can take to be executed. The WCET is obtained after analysis and most of the time it cannot be accurately determined by exhausting all the possible executions. This is why, in industry, the measurements are done only on a subset of possible scenarios (the one that would generate the highest execution times) and an execution time bound is estimated by adding a safety margin to the greatest observed time. Amongst all branches of real-time systems, an important role is played by the Critical Real-Time Embedded Systems (CRTES) domain. CRTESs are widely being used in fields like automotive, avionics, railway, health-care, etc. The performance of CRTESs is analyzed not only from the point of view of their correctness, but also from the perspective of time. In the avionics industry such systems have to undergo a strict process of analysis in order to fulfill a series of certification criteria demanded by the certifications authorities, being the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) in Europe or the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) in United States. The avionics industry in particular and the real-time domain in general are known for being conservative and adapting to new technologies only when it becomes inevitable. For the avionics industry this is motivated by the high cost that any change in the existing functional systems would bring. Any change in the software or hardware has to undergo another certification process which cost the manufacturer money, time and resources. Despite their conservative tendency, the airplane producers cannot stay inactive to the constant change in technology and ignore the performance benefices brought by COTS processors which nowadays are mainly multi-processors. As a curiosity, most of the microprocessors found in airplanes flying actually in the world, have a smaller computation power than a modern home PC. Their chips-sets are specifically designed for embedded applications characterized by low power consumption, predictability and many I/O peripherals. In the actual context, where critical real-time systems are invaded by multi-core platforms, the WCET analysis using deterministic approaches becomes difficult, if not impossible. The time constraints of real-time systems need to be verified in the context of certification. This verification, done during the entire development cycle, must take into account architectures more and more complex. These architectures increase the cost and complexity of actual, deterministic, tools to identify all possible time constrains and dependencies that can occur inside the system, risking to overlook extreme cases. An alternative to these problems is the probabilistic approach, which is more adapted to deal with these hazards and uncertainty and which allows a precise modeling of the system. 2. Contributions. The contribution of the thesis is three folded containing the conditions necessary for using the theory of extremes on executions time measurements, the methods developed using the theory of extremes for analyzing real-time systems and experimental results. 2.1. Conditions for use of EVT in the real-time domain. In this chapter we establish the environment in which our work is done. The use of EVT in any domain comes with a series of restrictions for the data being analyzed. In our case the data being analyzed consists in execution time measurements

Les systèmes électroniques embarqués dans les véhicules ont une complexité sans cesse croissante. Cependant, il est crucial d'en maîtriser le comportement temporel afin de garantir la sécurité ainsi que le confort des passagers. La vérifica- tion des contraintes temporelles de bout-en-bout est donc un enjeu majeur lors de la conception d'un véhicule. Dans le contexte de l'architecture logicielle AUTOSAR standard dans les véhicules, nous décomposons la vérification d'une contrainte de bout-en-bout en sous-problèmes d'ordonnancement sur les calculateurs et sur les réseaux de communication que nous traitons ensuite séparément. Dans un premier temps, nous présentons une approche permettant d'améliorer l'utilisation des calculateurs exécutant un grand nombre de composants logiciels, compatible avec l'introduction progressive des plateformes multi-coeurs. Nous dé- crivons des algorithmes rapides et efficaces pour lisser la charge périodique sur les calculateurs multi-coeurs en adaptant puis en améliorant une approche existant pour les bus CAN. Nous donnons également des résultats théoriques sur l'efficacité des algorithmes dans certains cas particuliers. Enfin, nous décrivons les possibili- tés d'utilisation de ces algorithmes en fonction des autres tâches exécutées sur le calculateur. La suite des travaux est consacrée à l'étude des distributions de temps de réponse des messages transmis sur les bus CAN. Dans un premier temps nous pré- sentons une approche de simulation basée sur la modélisation des dérives d'horloges des calculateurs communicant sur le réseau. Nous montrons que nous obtenons des distributions de temps de réponse similaires en réalisant une longue simulation avec des dérives d'horloge ou en faisant un grand nombre de courtes simulations sans dérives d'horloge. Nous présentons enfin une technique analytique pour évaluer les distributions de temps de réponse des trames CAN. Nous présentons différents para- mètres d'approximation permettant de réduire le nombre très important de calculs à effectuer en limitant la perte de précision. Enfin, nous comparons expérimentale- ment les résultats obtenus par analyse et simulation et décrivons les avantages et inconvénients respectifs de ces approches.

This study combined documentation of four boat propeller scar types in Halodule wrightii seagrass beds in Mosquito Lagoon, Florida with manipulative field experiments to document scar recovery times with and without restoration. Scar types ranged from the most severe scar type (Type 1) with trench formation which had no roots or shoots in the trench, to the least severe (Type 4) scars that had no depth, intact roots and shoots shorter than the surrounding canopy. For 110 measured existing scars, the frequency of each scar type was 56% for Type 1, 10% for Type 2, 7% for Type 3, and 27% for Type 4. In the first manipulative experiment, experimental scars were created to document the natural recovery time of H. wrightii for each scar severity within one year. Type 4 scars recovered to the control shoot density at 2 months, while Types 1, 2, and 3 scars did not fully recover in one year. Mean estimated recovery for H. wrightii is expected in 25 months for Type 1, and 19 months for Types 2 and 3. For the second manipulative experiment, three restoration methods were tested on the Type 1 scars over a 1 year period. Restoration methods included: (1) planting H. wrightii in the scar trench, (2) filling the trench with sand, and (3) filling with sand plus planting H. wrightii. There was complete mortality of all transplants at 2 months and only 25% of scars retained fill sand after 1 year. With dense adjacent seagrass beds, natural recovery was more successful than any of my restoration attempts. Thus, I suggest that managers should concentrate on preventing seagrass destruction rather than restoration.
M.S.
Department of Biology
Sciences
Biology MS

Kinesiology
Ph.D.
This study sought to determine if an acute bout of soccer heading adversely altered postural control and pronounced self-reported symptoms of cerebral concussion. Sixteen collegiate soccer players were randomly assigned to one of two groups: control (CG) or experimental (EG). Participants either simulated or performed 10 headers in 10 min at a ball velocity 11.2 m/s. A concussion signs and symptoms checklist was completed and postural control was assessed on four separate occasions: prior to heading (hr 0), hr 1, hr 24, and hr 48 post heading. The postural control parameters were the root mean square (RMS) of the center of mass (COM) and approximate entropy (ApEN) of the center of pressure (COP). The results indicated that there were no significant differences between the CG and EG in the sum of self-reported concussion signs and symptoms; however, there were significant alterations in postural control, occurring primarily at 24 hrs following heading. Within the EG only there were significant differences across time for anterior-posterior (AP) COM RMS for conditions 3 (i.e., rotating virtual environment [VE] and stable support surface) and 4 (i.e., rotating VE and unstable support surface). Also, medial-lateral (ML) COM RMS values were significantly higher for the EG when compared to the CG at hr 24. The EG had significantly lower COP ApEn values in both the AP and ML directions when compared to the CG at hr 24. Condition 4 was found to induce significantly greater postural control deficits when compared to the other conditions in the ML COM RMS and AP COP ApEn. These findings indicate that an acute bout of heading, even at the low velocities presented in this experiment, result in quantifiable alterations in postural control that are detectable 24 hours post heading and dissipate within an additional 24 hours. The significant findings are contrary to the acute heading literature and may be due to the postural control assessment that incorporated robust discordant environmental conditions. Further research on the clinical usefulness of the assessment as well as long-term accumulation effects of heading is warranted.
Temple University--Theses

In this thesis two methods were developed for precise maritime landing of an autonomous multirotor aircraft based on real-time kinematic (RTK) Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). The first method called RTK-localized method (RLM) uses RTK GNSS measurements to localize a sea vessel and execute the landing. RLM was demonstrated outdoors in hardware and landed on a physically simulated boat called a mock-boat with an average landing error of 9.7 cm. The mock-boat was actuated to have boat-like motion and a forward velocity of ~2 m/s. This method showed that accurate landing is possible with RTK GNSS as the primary means of localizing a sea vessel. The localization was unaided by non-GNSS sensors or an estimator, but lacked full attitude estimation and measurement smoothing. The second method was called RTK-Estimation Method (REM) and provides a more complete and robust solution, particularly at sea. It includes a base (landing pad) estimator to fuse RTK GNSS measurements with a dynamic model of a sea vessel. In contrast to RLM, the estimator provides full attitude estimation and measurement smoothing. The base estimator consists of an EKF in conjunction with a complimentary filter and estimates the relative position, attitude, and velocity of a moving target using RTK GNSS and inertial measurements alone. REM was demonstrated outdoors in hardware for 18 flight tests. The same mock-boat from RLM was used as a substitute for a sea vessel, and the boat motion varied between tests. These dynamics were recorded and performances were compared. The rate of success was high given moderate mock-boat motion and degraded with more aggressive motion. Tests were conducted with forward velocities from 0 to 3 m/s and moderate to high wave like motion. Over all tests for REM, the multirotor landed with an average accuracy of 12.7 cm. The methods described depart from common methods given that the only sensors involved for tracking the sea vessel were RTK GNSS receivers and inertial measurement units. Most current methods rely on computer vision, and can fail in poor lighting conditions, in the presence of ocean spray, and other scenarios. The given solutions do not fail under such conditions. The multirotor was equipped with a standard off-the-shelf autopilot, PX4, and the methods function with common control and estimation schemes. The two methods are capable of landing on relatively small landing pads, on the order of 1 m by 1 m, at sea using measurements from satellites thousands of kilometers away.

Recent findings suggest that leptin may be regulated in response to abrupt changes in energy homeostasis. Therefore, it is conceivable that transient changes in energy balance induced by exercise may also regulate leptin synthesis and secretion. As such, we hypothesized that acute increases energy expenditure (i.e. exercise), may regulate leptin concentrations in obese individuals. Fifteen healthy obese males underwent either a single exercise session of moderate intensity (58.4 % ± 4.0 of VO2max) for 60 min (n=8), or served as controls (n=7). The exercise session elicited an energy expenditure of 567±80 Kcal. No significant changes in plasma leptin (pre 23.5± 30.2; post 24.3± 34.3; 24h-post 34.9± 66.6; 48h-post 33.8±64.0 ng/ml), or insulin levels (pre 16.1± 9.2 vs. post 8.1± 9.1; 24h-post 14.3± 9.9; 48h-post 13.8± 10.2 ?U/ml) were detected immediately after the intervention. Baseline plasma leptin levels were positively correlated with BMI (r=0.65; p<0.01), body weight (r=0.64; p<0.01), % body fat (r=0.90; p<0.01) and were negatively correlated with VO2max (r=-0.82; p<0.01). The results of the present study suggest that acute exercise of moderate intensity and duration may not affect leptin concentration.
M.A.
Department of Child, Family and Community Sciences
Education
Physical Education

Theater
M.F.A.
This thesis documents a production of the French playwright Moliere's comedy Tartuffe at Temple Repertory Theater in Philadelphia. Set in Philadelphia's Main Line, this production provides an updated version of the play that comments on religion in contemporary America. Tartuffe is one of the best comedies written by Moliere. Banned for many years, it deranged people and touched a very tender spot in 17th century French society. America has a very different approach to religion than France. The many churches in existence make this country a deist democracy as opposed to the French secular state. The use of religion in politics, the "in God we trust" on the dollar bill, and seeing people pray in restaurants before their dinner have dictated this production be set in contemporary America. The use of clown techniques helped in finding American archetypes that would fit the characters. Directing choices, designers and actors created a world that tells the story of a rich American family threatened by the extremist religious discourse of a hypocrite. All these choices try to honor the heightened style of Moliere's language and, here, of Ranjit Bolt's very modern and fluid translation.
Temple University--Theses

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
This study aimed at reconst ruct ing the history of the Hospi tal Real Mi l i ta r de Vi l la Boa de Goyaz from 1746 to 1827. It is a new theme in the historiography produced in Goiás and as such i t wi l l certainly be frui t ful to the comprehension of the history of Medicine in this state. I star t f rom the principle that inst i tut ions, which are not and have never been stat ic real i t ies, have thei r histories and roles properly establ ished, and this is one of the reasons that make them subject to analys is. Based on this research object , i t is possible to reveal : the social imaginary that was p resent in Goiás about the hospi tal ; the intervent ions of the Kingdom, wi th reference to Medicine , in the Brazi l ian colony; the Portuguese -Brazi l ian medical theories and pract ices about the body, heal th, cure, and disease; the structure of the Portuguese - Brazi l ian medical assistance in that period; the hospi tal treatment of fered to soldiers; the most recurrent diseases in the captaincy of Goiás; the therapeut ic and prophylact ic resources known and used in that period, both in the Kingdom and in the Colony; among other aspects. The main sources used in the study are: the Regulat ions for the Mi l i tary Hospi tals; the Regulat ions for the Physician-Major and the Surgeon-Major; the announcements of contract for the tasks needed in the hospi tal operat ion; the books about diet and medical prescript ions, as wel l as the l ist of medicines requested and received to fi l l up the drugstore of the hospi tal ; and the medical guides and manuals that ci rculated in the Kingdom and in i ts domains. We emphasized that the increase of mi l i tary members in the captaincy of Goiás was preponderant in the const ruct ion of a mi l i tary hospi tal before the construct ion of a civi l one in the region. Af ter al l , the soldiers were also those who cont ributed to keeping the assets of the Kingdom in Goiás, rest raining the cont raband of gold, helping in the col lect ion of the quinto, and imposing the order in the region. The hospi tals reveal , through their historical t rajectories, thei r ut i l i ty wi th regards to the heal th and the infi rmi ty of a part icular s ociety.
Este estudo teve por objet ivo reconst rui r a história do Hospi tal Real Mi l i tar de Vi l la Boa de Goyaz no período de 1746 a 1827. Trata-se de um tema inédi to na historiografia goiana e, por tanto, prof ícuo à compreensão da história da Medicina em Goiás. Parto do princípio de que as inst i tuições, que não são e nunca foram real idades estát icas, têm as suas h istórias e papeis sociais bem marcados, um dos mot ivos que as tornam alvo de anál ises. No caso, a part i r desse objeto de pesquisa, é possível revelar: o imaginário social presente na sociedade goiana sobre o hospi tal ; as intervenções do Reino , no âmbi to da medicina, na colônia brasi leira; as teorias e prát icas médicas luso - brasi lei ras acerca do corpo, da saúde, da cura e da doença; a est rutura da assistência hospi talar luso-brasi leira no período; o tratamento hospi talar oferecido aos mi l i tares; as doenças mais recor rentes na capi tania de Goiás; os recursos terapêut icos e profi lát icos conhecidos e empregados no período, tanto no Reino quanto na Colônia; ent re outros aspectos. As principais fontes que envolvem o estudo são: os Regulamentos para os Hospi tais Mi l i tares; o Regulamento do Físico Mor e do Ci rurgião Mor; os edi tais de contrato dos serviços necessár ios ao funcionamento hospi talar; os l ivros de dietas e os de recei tuários médicos, bem como a relação de medicamentos pedidos e recebidos para abastecer a bot ica do hospi tal ; e os guias e manuais médicos que ci rcularam no Reino e em seus domínios. Enfat izamos que o aumento do corpo mi l i tar na capi tania de Goiás foi preponderante para que a instalação de um hospi tal mi l i tar na região antecedesse a de um hospi tal civi l . Afinal , eram os mi l i tares também que cont ribuíam para guardar os bens do Reino em ter ras goianas, coibindo os contrabandos do ouro, auxi l iando na ar recadação do quinto e impondo a ordem na região. Os hospi tais, ao longo de suas trajetór ias históricas, revelam a sua ut i l idade no que concerne à saúde e à enfermidade de determinada sociedade.

Kinesiology
Ph.D.
The primary purposes of this study were to determine biomarker concentration levels at pre exercise and in response to an acute running bout in participants with an acute knee injury history (AKIH) in comparison to healthy control participants. The secondary purposes were to determine if self-perceived pre-exercise functional outcome score differences existed between participants with AKIH in comparison to healthy control participants, and whether these measures correlated with biomarker concentration changes after an acute running bout. Twenty-two (10 females, 12 males) college-aged individuals who were physically active participated in the study (11 with AKIH, 11 without AKIH). A two-group pre-test/post-test study design was utilized. The exercise bout consisted of running at 2.2 m * s -1 for 30 min on a motorized treadmill. Statistical significance was defined as p ≤ 0.05. The serum biomarker concentrations (i.e., COMP, IL-1ß, MMP-13, CTX-II, CPII, and CTX-II/CPII ratio) assessed in this study were not found to be significantly different based on AKIH status pre exercise and after 30 min of running. AKIH participants did have significantly lower pre-exercise functional scores compared to their matched healthy controls. Additionally, pre-exercise functional scores (i.e., KOOS quality of life and current Tegner activity) showed moderate negative correlations to IL-1ß and CTX-II/CPII ratio biomarker changes post exercise, respectively. The findings of this study indicate that an acute bout of moderate-intensity running is tolerated in a high-risk AKIH population and does not adversely affect knee biomarker metabolism. However, these findings should be interpreted with caution as it is yet to be determined if a higher exercise dose and/or intensity, as well as other varied types of exercise elicit adverse biomarker response within this population or if these findings are replicable in other populations (e.g., older aged). AKIH participants reported overall lower functional scores than healthy control participants, which may be indicative of impending structural or biomarker changes. Questions still remain about short- and long-term interventions post AKIH since there are many potential confounding factors that affect OA progression. Post-AKIH pathophysiology is complex and while there are unique variables that may accelerate OA onset, there may be an interaction effect of these variables that accelerate and propagate OA, and this still needs further investigation.
Temple University--Theses

The buzz surrounding artificial intelligences continues to grow. They are currently used in a wide variety of systems and appliances, such as video games, virtual personal assistants, and self-driving cars. This paper explores the possibility of a self-learning AI that can play the classic arcade game Q*BERT, using only screenshots as input. It is tested to work on several different screens sizes, and the results are collected and compared to that of a human player, as well as results from previous research. The results are fairly positive. While the AI had a hard time of matching the human player on average score, it did get close to the highest score.

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Originating from human activity, the law relies on the social fact as a landmark reference which seeks social peace upon application of conflict-resolution rules and techniques. In pursuing social peace, the legal rule is applied to all branches of the law and stems from the influence of the environment surrounding it, being even reflected in the Civil Law, especially within the ambit of this paper, when it comes to Property Rights. In view of the corporeal nature of the human being, it is imperative to condition it to existing things and to their intersubjective relationships. Thus, the subject-matter of this paper consists in analyzing property rights and in confronting the application of objective good faith to such relations. This study will cover the legislative development of said legal institutes, their general features, the objective-good-faith paradigm pervading the law and their perceptible impacts in Property Rights, to finally explore the effectiveness of the application of objective good faith to the following legal situations: property; surface; easements; usufruct; use; dwelling; the right of the purchaser of real property; pledge; mortgage; and antichresis, and their impacts on the current normative legal system’s framework. Therefore, by scrutinizing both academic writings and judgments from domestic courts, particularly the Superior Court of Justice, as of the effective date of the Brazilian Civil Code of 2002 up until July 1, 2017, one has examined the concrete aspects involving the application of the objective good-faith to actual legal situations
Fruto da atividade humana, o direito tem como marco referencial o fato social, qual visa à pacificação social por meio da aplicação de normas e técnicas de solução de conflitos. Com fim de pacificação social a norma é aplicada em todos os ramos do direito, oriunda da influência do meio que a circunda, acha-se inclusive refletida no Direito Civil, em especial para a presente tese, no que tange aos Direitos Reais. Frente à corporeidade imanente do ser humano, imperioso condicioná-lo a existência das coisas e suas relações intersubjetivas. Assim o presente trabalho tem como objeto a análise dos direitos reais, bem como a confrontação da aplicação da boa-fé objetiva em referidas relações. Trafegará entre a evolução legislativa dos referidos institutos, bem como a suas características gerais, tratará acerca do paradigma da boa-fé objetiva que permeia todo o direito e seus nítidos reflexos ao Direito Real, para finalmente, explorar a efetividade da aplicação da boa-fé objetiva às seguintes situações jurídicas reais: propriedade; superfície; servidões; usufruto; uso; habitação; direito do promitente comprador do imóvel; penhor; hipoteca; e anticrese, e, seus reflexos no atual enquadramento do sistema jurídico normativo. Portanto, esmiuçado doutrina e decisões oriundas dos tribunais nacionais, em especial o Superior Tribunal de Justiça a partir da vigência do Código Civil de 2002 até o dia 01 de julho de 2017, verificou a concretude da aplicação da boa-fé objetiva, nas situações jurídicas reais

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Sem bolsa
O setor hoteleiro vem se expandindo mundialmente a cada ano e dentre os serviços oferecidos, a gastronomia é um dos mais requisitados, através da qual busca-se a satisfação do cliente, oferecendo produtos seguros e de qualidade. Paralelamente ao incremento do turismo, a incidência de doenças de origem alimentar está crescendo em todo mundo. Acredita-se que o consumo de alimentos contaminados seja a principal causa de doenças em turistas. Neste contexto o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a aplicação das boas práticas em restaurantes hoteleiros da cidade de Pelotas/RS e Rio Grande/RS e relacioná-las com a qualidade microbiológica dos alimentos oferecidos, além de identificar fontes de contaminação. O setor de alimentos e bebidas (A&B) de quatro hotéis foi avaliado quanto às condições higiênicossanitárias em duas visitas, com intervalo mínimo de 30 dias, através de aplicação de check list fundamentado na norma da RDC 216/2004, e de análises microbiológicas de amostras coletadas no local. Foram realizadas coletas de amostras de superfícies de utensílios, equipamentos e mãos de manipuladores para contagem de Staphylococcus coagulase positiva e de coliformes termotolerantes. Isolados obtidos das culturas dessas contagens foram comparados através de perfis de genéticos obtidos por rep-PCR. Considerando as não conformidades observadas no check list, na primeira visita apenas um hotel foi classificado como ótimo, dois foram classificados como bons e um recebeu a classificação ruim. Entretanto, na segunda visita o hotel classificado como ruim passou para bom, devido à realização de melhorias no restaurante. Alguns resultados das análises microbiológicas apresentaram limite acima do permitido para a contagem dos micro-organismos analisados, identificando falha na aplicação das boas práticas. Através da técnica de rep-PCR, foi identificada uma mesma cepa em amostras de queijo e mãos, manteiga e tábua de corte, queijo e tábua de corte e salada de frutas e mãos, evidenciando contaminação cruzada devido falhas no processo de higiene e manipulação dos alimentos.
The hotel industry has been expanding every year and among the services offered, the cuisine is one of the most requested, which seeks customer satisfaction by offering safe and quality products. Parallel to the tourism development, the incidence of foodborne diseases is growing worldwide. It is believed that the consumption of contaminated food is the major cause of disease in tourists. This study goal was to evaluate the application of best practices in hotel restaurants in the cities of Pelotas/RS and Rio Grande/RS and relate it to the microbiological quality of the food offered, besides to identify sources of contamination. The sector of food and beverages (F&B) of four hotels was evaluated in two visits with an interval of 30 days regarding hygiene-sanitary conditions, by application of check list and microbiological analyzes of samples collected on site. Surface, utensils, equipment and hands handlers samples have been collected for counting coagulase positive Staphylococcus and thermotolerant coliform. Isolates obtained from these counting cultures were compared by bands profiles obtained by rep-PCR. According to the non-conformity observed in the check list on the first visit, only one hotel was rated as great, two were classified as good and one received a bad rating. However, on the second visit, the one considered bad got a good rate due to improvements in its unit. Some microbiological analysis showed a limit above the allowed for the count of analyzed microorganisms, identifying failure in the hygiene-sanitary process. By rep-PCR, was identified the same strain in samples of cheese and hands, butter and cutting board, cutting board and cheese and fruit salad and hands, showing cross-contamination due to flaws in the process of care and handling of food.

Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
O estudo e o conhecimento das doenças que afectam as espécies silvestres cada vez ganham mais relevância, não só pela manutenção de um bom estado sanitário destas populações mas também pelo potencial zoonótico. O estudo foi composto pelo acompanhamento do acto venatório de gamos (n = 17) e de javalis (n = 9), bem como pela colheita mensal de fezes de populações de veado (n = 1), de gamo (n = 7) e de javali (n = 3) durante o período de um ano. Nos animais caçados foi efectuada a pesquisa de ectoparasitas e endoparasitas gastrointestinais, pulmonares e hepáticos, bem como a coprologia dos mesmos. Nas populações foram efectuados os testes de flutuação de Willis, McMaster e coprocultura para nemátodes gastrointestinais, sedimentação simples e McMaster modificado para Fasciola hepatica, esfregaço fecal para Cryptosporidium nos cervídeos e Baerman para determinação de nemátodes pulmonares. Nos gamos caçados foram detectados as espécies Oesophagostomum venulosum (12,5%) e Oe. radiatum (6,25%), Spiculoteragia asymmetrica (11,76%), S. mathevossiani (5,88%), Spiculopteragia spp. (5,88%), Fasciola hepatica (76,47%) e Ixodes ricinus (88,24%). Nos javalis caçados foram detectadas as espécies Ascarops strongylina (22,22%), Oesophagostomum spp. (12,5%), Metastrongylus spp. (11,11%), M. pudendotectus (11,11%), M. salmi (44,44%), M. elongatus (11,11%), Fasciola hepatica (55,56%), Hyalomma lusitanicum (77,78%) e Rhipicephalus sanguineus (11,11%). No veado foram obtidos dois espécimes de Trichuris spp. Nas análises coprológicas verificou-se a presença de nemátodes gastrointestinais em todas as populações, não tendo existido evidência de uma dinâmica anual de excreção tal como existe nos animais domésticos. Nos gamos, o teste de Baerman detectou L1 de Dictyocaulus, Protostrongylus e Muellerius em todas as populações excepto G3 onde só foram identificados os dois últimos géneros referidos. O último género referido é a primeira vez que é assinalado em gamos na Europa. Nos javalis verificou-se a presença de ovos com L1 de Metastrongylus nas três populações estudadas. A pesquisa de Cryptosporidium foi positiva em apenas duas amostras das populações (2,5% do total das amostras), sendo uma de veado e outra de gamo revelando um decréscimo muito acentuado em relação ao último estudo realizado na Tapada Nacional de Mafra (TNM) por Bruno de Sousa em 2001. Fasciola hepatica continua a ser a maior preocupação sanitária nas populações de ungulados da TNM, estando presente em todas as populações, tendo no entanto maior relevância nos gamos. A combinação da técnica de sedimentação simples com o McMaster modificado, permitiu não só um melhor diagnóstico de Fasciola hepatica como ainda a quantificação da eliminação de ovos.
ABSTRACT - The study and knowledge of diseases affecting wild species has become increasingly more important, not only for maintaining a good health status of these populations but also for their zoonotic potential. The research was composed by monitoring the deer (n = 17) and wild boars (n = 9) hunting and faeces sampling collecting of red deer populations (n = 1), fallow deer (n = 7) and wild boar (n = 3) during the period of one year. In the hunted animals was performed a collection of ectoparasites and gastrointestinal, pulmonary and liver endoparasites, as well as coprology. In populations Willis flotation, McMaster and faecal cultures for gastrointestinal nematodes, simple sedimentation and modified McMaster to Fasciola hepatica, fecal smears for Cryptosporidium in cervids and Baerman for determination of lung nematodes were conducted. The species detected in hunted deer were Oesophagostomum venulosum (12,5%) and Oe. radiatum (6,25%), Spiculoteragia asymmetrica (11,76%), S. mathevossiani (5,88%), Spiculopteragia spp. (5,88%), Fasciola hepatica (76,47%) and Ixodes ricinus (88,24%). The species detected in hunted wild boars were Ascarops strongylina (22,22%), Oesophagostomum spp. (12,5%), Metastrongylus spp. (11,11%), M. pudendotectus (11,11%), M. salmi (44,44%), M. elongatus (11,11%), Fasciola hepatica (55,56%), Hyalomma lusitanicum (77,78%) and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (11,11%). In the red deer were collected two specimens of Trichuris spp. In faecal analysis the presence of gastrointestinal nematode in all populations was confirmed; however there was not an evidence of an annual dynamic for egg shedding excretion as found in domestic animals. In fallow deer, the Baerman test detected L1 of Dictyocaulus, Protostrongylus and Muellerius in all populations except G3 where were identified only the last two mentioned genus. The last genus was reported for the first time in fallow deer in Europe. In wild boars eggs with L1 larvae of Metastrongylus were observed. Cryptosporidium was positive in only two population samples (2,5% os total samples) being one of red deer and the other of fallow deer revealing a very sharp decrease since the previous study conducted in the Tapada Nacional de Mafra (TNM) by Bruno de Sousa in 2001. Fasciola hepatica remains the biggest health concern in the TNM ungulates, because it is present in all populations, however having greater relevance in fallow deer. The combination of simple sedimentation technique with the modified McMaster helped in better diagnosis of Fasciola hepatica, and allowed a better quantification of the egg shedding.

This thesis explores the idea of how people 'do gender' in their online use of avatars, specifically avatar choice. A secondary question of whether or not a chatterbot can be used as a potential interviewer will also be examined as a tool acquiring large amounts of interview data. Gender is one of the ways in which we structure our society, and is completely omnipresent. We cannot opt out of participating in our gender, as we are constantly performing and reaffirming it. Because of this, gender performance and choice spills over into all domains. This includes entertainment such as massively multiplayer online games, both in how the designers make the game, and what the players bring to the game. Deconstructing how and why people engage in these gendered practices and choices becomes an interesting avenue of research, because it allows researchers to partially separate the mental aspects of gender from physical attributes, as the players' physical bodies are not actually in the game. Through the lens of the popular massively multiplayer online game, World of Warcraft, this thesis will utilize a qualitative user research study to understand how gender affects avatar choices. Prior research identified areas where players brought real world gender norms into the games they played. This research study will extend previous research by having players identify why they made the choices they made for their avatars, and how they feel about those choices. The methodology for this study will also involve using a chatterbot as a way of gathering interviews. In normal person-to-person interview studies, recruiting and organizing meetings for these interviews can often be a difficult task. This thesis brings in the idea of using a chatterbot as a mechanism to gather more interviews in a shorter time span to alleviate the problem of getting these one-on-one interviews in some types of studies.

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This works aims at investigating the effects of adding waste from RCBP-polyester button manufacturing to Portland cement concrete, particularly regarding its consistency and mechanic strength. The RCBP used came from a button factory located in Parnamirim, RN, Brazil. The waste was added to the concrete on different ratios: 5 %, 10 %, 15 % and 20 % of the total cement mass. A sample of concrete without the RCBP was used as reference, 1:1,33:2,45:0,50. For the mechanic strength test four samples were tested with different ages (3, 7 and 28 days old) and mixtures. Furthermore, a Slump Test was also conducted in order to verify the concrete s consistency. A tendency to a reduction in the compression resistance was noticed for all samples. For the samples with 5 % and 10 %, there was also an increase in the traction resistance during inflexion, regarding the reference concrete. In the microstructural analysis, the RBCP was observed to show an irregular and porous surface, thus explaining the consistency decrease
O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a influ?ncia da incorpora??o do res?duo de corte de bot?o em poli?ster-RCBP sobre a plasticidade e a resist?ncia mec?nica em concreto de cimento Portland. O RCBP utilizado na pesquisa originou-se do material descartado por uma empresa fabricante de bot?o localizada no munic?pio de Parnamirim/RN. Utilizou-se o res?duo, como carga no concreto, nas concentra??es de 0 %, 5 %, 10 %, 15 % e 20 %, em rela??o ? massa do cimento. O tra?o de refer?ncia do concreto utilizado na pesquisa apresenta a propor??o, em massa, de 1:1,33:2,45:0,50 (cimento:areia:brita:?gua/cimento). Nos ensaios de resist?ncia ? compress?o foram testados quatro corpos-de-prova para cada idade (3, 7 e 28 dias) e tra?o, enquanto que para os ensaios de resist?ncia ? tra??o na flex?o foram testados dois corpos-de-prova para cada tra?o. Al?m disso, fez-se o Slump Test, com vistas a verificar a consist?ncia do concreto. Observou-se uma tend?ncia de redu??o da resist?ncia ? compress?o e abatimento para todos os tra?os com incorpora??o do RCBP. Houve um aumento de resist?ncia ? tra??o na flex?o para os tra?os de 5 % e 10 %, em rela??o ao concreto sem incorpora??o do res?duo, superando o sugerido pela NBR 6118/2003 que apresenta uma correla??o entre resist?ncia ? tra??o e ? compress?o. Na an?lise microestrutural, observou-se que o RCBP apresentou uma superf?cie irregular e porosa, podendo ser o motivo do decr?scimo do abatimento

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This work was made in the Research Institute Botanic Garden of Rio de Janeiro (JBRJ) where two experiments were carried out in two steps. The first step had the following objectives: to study the attack behavior of subterranean termites over stakes of pinus trap in three areas of different compositions floristic seed source in the JBRJ, appointed by cerrado-JB, lawn - JB and forest-JB over one year. To study the environmental influences on the pinus baits attack by subterranean termites monthly over year of observation. The subterranean termites belonged to the species, Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann) (areas cerrado-JB and lawn-JB) and Heterotermes longiceps (Snyder) (area forest-JB), (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). The second step aimed to study botanical extracts with bioinseticida action for the control of subterranean termite, C. gestroi. In each area 6 blocks with three plot were buried stakes and collected and replaced monthly over 12 months. The stakes of Pinus sp were previously immersed in distilled water for three periods (0, 24 or 48 hours). The environmental variables were evaluated: luminosity (morning and afternoon), soil temperature (morning and afternoon), air temperature (maximum and minimum), rainfall, soil moisture, humidity, pH and carbon (C) organic soil. The results showed that the attack on baits of Pinus sp occurred all the year without a preference for different periods of immersion in distilled water. The peak of the attack on stakes occurred in months march and september. The environmental variables: humidity, soil moisture and rainfall had significant correlation with the attack on the stakes of Pinus sp by subterranean termites. C. gestroi attack had negative correlation with environmental variables. H. longiceps attack had negative correlation with humidity and positive correlation with soil moisture. The acid pH soil areas studied appeared to be helpful to the activities of the foraging termites. The amount of organic C available in the soil seems don t have influence on foraging activities of the two species of termites. The attack on baits of Pinus sp by the species C. gestroi was more severe that the attack by H. longiceps. In the second step the termites were exposed to seven treatments with five replications each for 20 days. The aqueous extract of the leaves of Melia azedarach, Tectona grandis, Carapa guianensis, Aspidosperma polyneuron, Myracrodruon urundeuva and Leucaena leucocephala, the concentration of 10%, were impregnated with pieces of corrugated cardboard. With the exception of L. leucocephala, which was lower consumption of cardboard, the other plant extracts and control (paper and distilled water) were also consumed. The insecticidal activity of the extracts of M. azedarach, M. urundeuva and T. grandis was responsible for 100, 100 and 95.38% mortality of termites, respectively. The extracts of L. leucocephala, A. polyneuron and C. guianensis showed no activity insecticide for the control of C. gestroi.
Este trabalho foi realizado no Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Bot?nico do Rio de Janeiro (JBRJ) onde foram desenvolvidos dois experimentos descritos em duas etapas. A primeira etapa teve como objetivos: avaliar mensalmente ao longo de 12 meses estacas de Pinus sp como isca-armadilha para cupins subterr?neos em tr?s ?reas de composi??es flor?sticas distintas no arboreto do JBRJ, nomeadas de cerrado-JB, gramado-JB e mata-JB, e verificar a influ?ncia dos fatores ou vari?veis ambientais sobre o ataque as iscas de Pinus sp pelos cupins subterr?neos das esp?cies, Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann) (?reas cerrado-JB e gramado-JB) e Heterotermes longiceps (Snyder) (?rea mata- JB), (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). A segunda etapa teve como objetivo avaliar extratos bot?nicos com a??o bioinseticida para o controle do cupim subterr?neo, C. gestroi. As estacas foram enterradas em cada ?rea em 6 blocos com tr?s parcelas cada e mensalmente coletadas e substitu?das ao longo de 12 meses. As estacas de Pinus sp foram previamente imersas em ?gua destilada por tr?s per?odos (0, 24 ou 48 horas). Foram avaliadas as seguintes vari?veis ambientais: luminosidade (manh? e tarde), temperatura do solo (manh? e tarde), temperatura relativa do ar (m?xima e m?nima), precipita??o pluviom?trica, umidade do solo, umidade relativa do ar, pH e Carbono (C) org?nico do solo. O ataque ?s iscas de Pinus sp pelos cupins subterr?neos ocorreram durante todo o ano e sem uma prefer?ncia do pinus sob diferentes per?odos de imers?o em ?gua destilada. O pico do ataque ?s estacas ocorreu nos meses de mar?o e setembro. Umidade relativa do ar, umidade do solo e precipita??o pluviom?trica tiveram correla??o significativa com o ataque ?s estacas de Pinus sp pelos cupins subterr?neos. Entretanto, para C. gestroi essas vari?veis ambientais tiveram correla??o negativa com o ataque as estacas. Para H. longiceps a umidade relativa do ar teve correla??o negativa e a umidade do solo positiva. O pH ?cido dos solos das ?reas estudadas pareceu ser prop?cio ?s atividades de forrageamento dos cupins. A quantidade de C org?nico dispon?vel no solo pareceu n?o ter influenciado a atividade de forrageamento das duas esp?cies de cupins. O ataque ?s iscas de Pinus sp pela esp?cie C. gestroi foi mais severo que o ataque por H. longiceps. Na segunda etapa do trabalho os cupins foram expostos a sete tratamentos com cinco repeti??es cada durante 20 dias. Os extratos aquosos das folhas de Melia azedarach, Tectona grandis, Carapa guianensis, Aspidosperma polyneuron, Myracrodruon urundeuva e Leucaena leucocephala, na concentra??o de 10%, foram impregnados em peda?os de papel?o corrugado. Com exce??o de L. leucocephala, cujo consumo do papel?o foi menor, os demais extratos vegetais e a testemunha (papel?o e ?gua destilada) foram consumidos igualmente. A atividade inseticida dos extratos de M. azedarach, M. urundeuva e T. grandis foi respons?vel por 100, 100 e 95,38% de mortalidade de cupins, respectivamente. Os extratos de L. leucocephala, A. polyneuron e C. guianensis n?o apresentaram atividade inseticida para o controle de C. gestroi.

Les architectures modulaires intégrées (IMA) sont une évolution majeure de l'architecture des systèmes avioniques. Elles permettent à plusieurs systèmes de se partager des ressources matérielles sans interférer dans leur fonctionnement grâce à un partitionnement spatial (zones mémoires prédéfinies) et temporel (ordonnancement statique) dans les processeurs ainsi qu'une réservation des ressources sur les réseaux empruntés. Ces allocations statiques permettent de vérifier le déterminisme général des différents systèmes: chaque système doit respecter des exigences de bout-en-bout dans une architecture asynchrone. Une étude pire cas permet d'évaluer les situations amenant aux limites du système et de vérifier que les exigences de bouten- bout sont satisfaites dans tous les cas. Les architectures IMA utilisés dans les avions centralisent physiquement des modules de calcul puissants dans des baies avioniques. Dans le cadre d'une étude de cas hélicoptère, ces baies ne sont pas envisageables pour des raisons d'encombrement: des processeurs moins puissants, utilisés à plus de 80%, composent ces architectures. Pour ajouter de nouvelles fonctionnalités ainsi que de nouveaux équipements, le souhait est de distribuer la puissance de traitement sur un plus grand nombre de processeurs dans le cadre d'une architecture globale asynchrone. Deux problématiques fortes ont été mises en avant tout au long de cette thèse. La première est la répartition des fonctions avioniques associée à une contrainte d'ordonnancement hors-ligne sur les différents processeurs. La deuxième est la satisfaction des exigences de communication de bout-en-bout, dépendantes de l'allocation et l'ordonnancement des fonctions ainsi que des latences de communication sur les réseaux. La contribution majeure de cette thèse est la recherche d'un compromis entre la distribution des architectures IMA sur un plus grand nombre de processeurs et la satisfaction des exigences de communication de bout-en-bout. Nous répondons à cet enjeu de la manière suivante: - Nous formalisons dans un premier temps un modèle de partitions communicantes tenant en compte des contraintes d'allocation et d'ordonnancement des partitions d'une part et des contraintes de communication de bout-en-bout entre partitions d'autre part. - Nous présentons dans un deuxième temps une recherche exhaustive des architectures valides. Nous proposons l'allocation successive des fonctions avioniques en considérant au même niveau la problématique d'ordonnancement et la satisfaction des exigences de bout-en-bout avec des latences de communication figées. Cette méthode itérative permet de construire des allocations de partitions partiellement valides. La construction des ordonnancements dans chacun des processeurs est cependant une démarche coûteuse dans le cadre d'une recherche exhaustive. - Nous avons conçu dans un troisième temps une heuristique gloutonne pour réduire l'espace de recherche associé aux ordonnancements. Elle permet de répondre aux enjeux de distribution d'une architecture IMA dans un contexte hélicoptère. - Nous nous intéressons dans un quatrième temps à l'impact des latences de communication de bout-en-bout sur des architectures distribuées données. Nous proposons pour celles-ci les choix de réseaux basés sur les latences de communication admissibles entre les différentes fonctions avioniques. Les méthodes que nous proposons répondent au besoin industriel de l'étude de cas hélicoptère, ainsi qu'à celui de systèmes de plus grande taille.

Dans cette thèse, nous analysons les réseaux des systèmes temps-réel distribués et plus particulièrement ceux des domaines de l’avionique et de l’automobile. Nous nous sommes focalisés sur deux protocoles : « Avionic Full DupleX Switched Ethernet » (AFDX), « Audio Vidéo Bridging Ethernet » (AVB). Dans ces domaines critiques, le déterminisme du réseau doit être garanti. Il consiste, notamment, en la détermination d’une borne garantie du délai de bout en bout de traversée du réseau pour chaque trame ; et un dimensionnement des files d’attente des trames suffisamment grand pour garantir qu’aucune d’entre elle ne débordera et ainsi, éviter toute perte de trame.Il existe plusieurs méthodes pour l’évaluation des délais et nous avons, principalement, travaillé sur la méthode « Forward end-to-end delay Analysis » (FA). FA avait déjà été définie avec la politique d’ordonnancement « First-In-First-Out » dans le contexte de l’AFDX. Nous sommes repartis de cette approche, nous l’avons reformulé et généralisé à n’importe quel réseau Ethernet commuté. Nous l’avons aussi étendu aux priorités statiques et au protocole AVB et sa politique de service « Credit Based Shaper ». Pour chaque contribution, des démonstrations formelles ont été présentées et une expérimentation incluant une comparaison de FA avec les principales approches d’évaluation sur un exemple industriel. Finalement, nous avons développé et démontré formellement une approche pour le dimensionnement des files d’attente en termes de nombre de trames. Cette approche a été expérimentée également sur une configuration industrielle
In this thesis, we analyze networks in the context of distributed real-time systems, especially in the fields of avionics, with “Avionics Full DupleX Switched Ethernet” (AFDX), and automobile, with “Audio Video Bridging Ethernet” (AVB). For such applications, network determinism needs to be guaranteed. It involves, in particular, assessing a guaranteed bound on the end-to-end traversal time across the network fr each frame; and dimensioning the buffers in order to avoid any loss of frame because of a buffer overflow.There are several methods for worst-case delay analysis, and we have mainly worked on the “Forward end-to-end Delay Analysis” (FA) method. FA had already been developed for “First-In-First-Out” scheduling policy in the AFDX context, so we generalized it to any Switched Ethernet network. We have also extended it to handle static priorities and the AVB protocol, shaping policy named “Credit Based Shaper” (CBS). Each contribution has been formaly proved and experiments have been led on industrial configurations. For our experimentations, we have compared our results with the results of competing approaches. Finally, we have developed and formally demonstrated an approach for buffer dimensioning in terms of number of frames. This approach has also been tested on an industrial configuration and has produced tight bounds

The external dispersal ("epizoochory") of vascular plant diaspores (seeds and fruits) by roe deer and wild boar, i.e. the most common wild large mammals with a large home range in central Europe, was investigated in a 6.5-km² forest area in NE Germany dominated by mesic deciduous forests. The study involved brushing out the diaspores from the coats and hooves of 25 shot roe deer and nine wild boar. The results were compared with the forest vegetation of the study area. Whilst wild boar transported large amounts of various diaspores in the coat, the significance of roe deer for epizoochory was low due to their sleek fur and different behaviour compared to wild boar. Altogether, 55 vascular plant species were transported externally. Since only a limited number of seeds came from woodland habitats, the open landscape was at least as important as a source of attached seeds as the forest vegetation. Thus, most plant species occurring in the studied forest area, especially characteristic woodland herbs, showed no adaptations to epizoochorous dispersal, although being very abundant in the herb layer. We conclude that hoofed game play a particular role concerning the dispersal of ruderal and grassland species in the agricultural landscape of central Europe. However, the actual spread of some herb species in forests of northern Germany, e.g. Agrostis capillaris, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Deschampsia flexuosa, Galium aparine and Urtica dioica, may be mainly facilitated by wild ungulates. Though dispersal by large mammals is an important mechanism for long-distance dispersal of plants in general, our results suggest that most of the characteristic herb species of mesic deciduous forests have only low epizoochorous dispersal potentials. The implications for nature conservation and silviculture are discussed.
Die Ausbreitung von Gefäßpflanzen-Diasporen (Samen und Früchte) durch äußerliche Anhaftung ("Epizoochorie") an Rehen und Wildschweinen, den beiden häufigsten Schalenwild-Arten in Mitteleuropa, wurde im 6,5 km² großen Forst Brieselang bei Berlin (Bundesland Brandenburg) untersucht, in dem mesophile Laubwälder vorherrschen. Dazu wurden die Felle und Hufe von 25 geschossenen Rehen und neun Wildschweinen ausgekämmt und die Diasporen anschließend bestimmt. Die Ergebnisse wurden mit der Waldvegetation verglichen. Während Wildschweine große Mengen verschiedener Diasporentypen transportierten, war die Bedeutung von Rehen für die Ausbreitung von Pflanzen auf Grund des glatten Fells und der im Vergleich zum Wildschwein unterschiedlichen Verhaltensweisen wesentlich geringer. Insgesamt wurden 55 Phanerogamenarten epizoochor transportiert. Da nur ein kleiner Teil der ausgebreiteten Pflanzen Waldhabitate bevorzugt, war das Offenland eine mindestens ebenso wichtige Quelle anhaftender Diasporen wie die Waldvegetation. Die meisten Waldpflanzenarten wurden nicht ausgebreitet; insbesondere solche Arten, die ausschließlich in Wäldern wachsen, wurden nicht nachgewiesen. Viele Pflanzenarten sind – vermutlich auf Grund ihrer Diasporenmorphologie – weitgehend vom Transport ausgeschlossen, obwohl sie sehr häufig in der Krautschicht des untersuchten Waldes vorkommen. Daher ist Schalenwild in der Agrarlandschaft Mitteleuropas vermutlich vor allem für die Ausbreitung von Ruderal-, Segetal- und Grünlandpflanzen von Bedeutung. Die Ausbreitung einiger Pflanzenarten der Krautschicht in norddeutschen Wäldern z.B. Agrostis capillaris, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Deschampsia flexuosa, Galium aparine und Urtica dioica, könnte jedoch wesentlich auf Schalenwild zurückgehen. Obwohl Großsäuger insgesamt ein wichtiger Vektor für die Fernausbreitung von Pflanzen sind, zeigt unsere Studie, dass die meisten charakteristischen Waldbodenpflanzen mesophiler Laubwälder kaum ausgebreitet werden, also nur ein geringes epizoochores Ausbreitungspotenzial aufweisen. Die Bedeutung der Ergebnisse für den Waldnaturschutz und den Waldbau wird diskutiert.

This diploma thesis focuses on an analysis, a model creation and simulations of a car boot door mechanism. The problem was analyzed on the basis of real measurements made on three different vehicles. Based on the measurements, computational models describing the real system at different levels of complexity were created. Matlab/Simulink was used to create and calculate the models. The output of the thesis is the simulator of a car boot door which also includes simplified model of a control unit. The simulator should provide an approximation of current and kinematic quantities of these mechanisms. The model is implemented on dSPACE platform that allows real-time simulations. The simulator can be modified in terms of changing the parameters of the mechanism and modifying some of its results.

A tuberculose bovina (TB) é uma doença infeciosa crónica que afeta um vasto leque de hospedeiros. É causada principalmente por Mycobacterium bovis e, em menor escala, M. caprae. A presença comprovada de M. bovis em espécies silváticas configura um obstáculo à erradicação da TB nos bovinos. Estudos epidemiológicos permitiram identificar uma área de risco para a doença, passando a ser obrigatório examinar as carcaças de todos os animais abatidos nessa zona. O presente estudo pretende avaliar os dados das montarias realizadas no Alto Alentejo e na Beira Interior Sul, desde a implementação do Edital nº1 em 2011, auxiliando na caracterização da situação epidemiológica da TB em javalis e veados. Os resultados do estudo apontam para a possibilidade de os veados terem uma prevalência de TB superior à dos javalis, sugerindo que são os primeiros os maiores responsáveis pela transmissão da TB aos bovinos na área transfronteiriça; Abstract: Epidemiological study of bovine tuberculosis in hunted large species, in Beira Interior Sul and Alto Alentejo Bovine tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infectious disease that affects a wide range of hosts. It is mainly caused by Mycobacterium bovis and, in a lower extent, M. caprae. The confirmed presence of M. bovis in wildliflife reservoirs is a major obstacle to the eradication of TB in cattle. Epidemiological studies allowed the definition of a high risk area for the disease, becoming mandatory to examine all the animal carcasses hunted in that area. This study aimed to analyse data of drive hunts performed in Alto Alentejo and Beira Interior Sul, since the implementation of Edict 1 in 2011, helping to characterize the epidemiological status of TB in wild boar and red deer. The study results highlight the possibility of TB prevalence in red deer exceed that of wild boar, suggesting that red deer is the most responsible specie for transmission of TB to cattle in transboundary área.

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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
O objetivo desta pesquisa consiste em abalizar, a partir de uma perspectiva de culturas híbridas do mundo atlântico, as contínuas e mútuas influências das diversificadas representações dos modos de viver e morrer na experiência devocional do Rosário de São João del-Rei entre os séculos XVIII e XIX. Nesse sentido, analisamos a catolicização dos diferentes grupos étnicos africanos e o uso de símbolos católicos específicos ligados à liturgia da morte, como elementos diacríticos na definição de suas fronteiras identitárias naquele contexto multiétnico da escravidão. Ademais, valorizamos, juntamente com a catolicização desses grupos, o processo de africanização dos preceitos católicos vividos na irmandade, através dos mecanismos de apropriação cultural (entendida sempre como uma “via de mão dupla”) acerca dos ideais do “bem viver”, enquanto veículo normatizador do “bem morrer” na dimensão cotidiana tangenciada pela intensificação dos contatos culturais promovida pelo exílio forçado da diáspora atlântica. Nesse sentido, a análise investigativa buscou, como enfoque central, a redefinição das práticas de solidariedade entre os irmãos vivos e defuntos, concebidos como coparticipes de uma mesma família ritual e fraterna. Tal noção de pertencimento envolveu laços rituais — consanguíneos e espirituais — que uniam o “mundo dos vivos” ao “mundo dos mortos” a partir de uma percepção de ancestralidade centro-africana reconstruída no Novo Mundo, através da re-significação das heranças culturais à luz da catequização leiga no Ultramar. Esta ancestralidade esteve presente na formação do “culto das almas” promovido pela Nobre Nação Benguela, segmento étnico-devocional que se firmou dentro da irmandade no final do século XVIII. Para o desenvolvimento deste estudo foram utilizados depoimentos de missionários nos reinos do Congo e Angola, manuais de oração do bem-morrer, além da documentação confrarial produzida pelos irmãos, como as entradas, atas de eleições, estatutos, livro de missas, juntamente com acervo de registros paroquiais (batismo, óbito e casamento) ao lado dos depoimentos autobiográficos produzidos pelos testamentos dos irmãos libertos sepultados na igreja do Rosário.
Le but de cette recherche est marquer, du point de vue des cultures hybrides du monde de l'Atlantique, les influences mutuelles continues et de diverses représentations de manières de vivre et de mourir sur l'expérience de dévotion du Rosaire de São João del Rei entre les XVIII et XIXème siècles. En ce sens, nous analysons la catholisation de différents groupes ethniques africains et l'utilisation de symboles catholiques spécifiques liés à la liturgie de la mort, comme des éléments diacritiques dans la définition de leur identité borde ce contexte multiethnique de l'esclavage. En outre, nous apprécions avec catholisation ces groupes, le processus d'africanisation des préceptes catholiques vivaient dans la fraternité, à travers les mécanismes d'appropriation culturelles (toujours compris comme une «voie à double sens») sur l'idéal de la «bonne vie» pendant que le véhicule la normalisation de la «bonne mort» dans la vie quotidienne dimension tangentiel l'intensification des contacts culturels promus en l'exil forcé de la diaspora de l'Atlantique. En ce sens, l'analyse de la recherche demandé en tant que point central, la redéfinition des pratiques de solidarité entre les vivants et frères défunts, conçu en tant que co-participant de la même famille rituel et fraternelle. Cette notion de familles rituels impliqués — la parenté et les liens spirituels — qui unissent le «monde vivant" à le "monde des morts" d'une perception de l'ancestralité de l'Afrique centrale reconstruite dans le Nouveau Monde, à travers la redéfinition du patrimoine culturel à la lumière de la catéchèse laïque à l'étranger. Cette l'ancestralité était présent à la formation du «culte des âmes», développé par Noble Nation Benguela, le segment ethnique et de dévotion qui a lui-même établi dans la confrérie dans la fin du XVIII siècle. Pour développer cette étude ont utilisé témoignages des missionnaires dans les royaumes du Congo et l'Angola, manuels de prière de bien mourir, ainsi que la documentation produite par les confrarial frères, comme entrées, les élections de minutes, statuts, livre de messe, ajouté à une collection des registres paroissiaux (baptême, mariage et de décès) aux côtés des témoignages autobiographiques produites par les testaments des frères affranchis enterrés dans la église du Rosaire.

Esta tese analisa um regime jurídico convencionalmente designado numerus clausus dos direitos reais, examinando-o sob três aspectos. O primeiro deles concerne às funções que esse regime desempenha no interior do ordenamento jurídico. Em um sistema de direito patrimonial privado que promove a autonomia contratual e predispõe restrições jurídico-negociais ao poder de dispor, entre as quais se ressaltam os direitos subjetivos reais, o regime de numerus clausus se apresenta como uma previsão legal dos tipos de contratos que restringem o poder de dispor e, assim, modificam o poder de adquirir do sujeito passivo universal. Conquanto sofram essa modificação em sua esfera jurídica, esses sujeitos de direito não tomam parte na celebração daqueles contratos. De maneira que as funções do numerus clausus dirigem-se, fundamentalmente, ao concerto de um fenômeno de heteronomia privada: por meio de um catálogo, o adquirente pode não apenas conhecer quais são os contratos que, a despeito de sua declaração jurídico-negocial, afetam os seus interesses econômico-sociais, mas também desconsiderar a eficácia, sobre si, dos contratos que, extrapolando aquele catálogo, circunscrevem-se, seguramente, a só quem, dele, foi parte. Em segundo lugar, sustenta-se uma qualidade negativa e outra positiva no numerus clausus. Negativamente, esse regime jurídico se identifica por uma grave limitação na autonomia contratual, especialmente na autonomia dos contratos de disposição. Nesse sentido, e porque o poder de dispor não é uma posição jurídica exclusiva da titularidade de direitos subjetivos reais, assim como as conseqüências de suas restrições não despontam apenas no direito das coisas, não apenas a disposição contratual de direitos subjetivos reais, mas também a disposição contratual de créditos, de participações societárias e de propriedade imaterial submete-se, igualmente, a um numerus clausus. Essa circunstância remete a uma duplicidade de regimes de autonomia contratual no direito dos contratos: enquanto não há um tipo de contrato em gênero (tipicidade vinculativa) e predominam as regras cogentes (tipicidade fixa) para os contratos de disposição, os contratos obrigacionais obedecem a uma tipicidade aberta. Positivamente, por seu turno, o numerus clausus legitima uma poderosa técnica jurídica de oponibilidade de interesses econômico-sociais: o contrato de disposição. Selecionando um dos poucos tipos de contratos de disposição predispostos pela lei, os contratantes afetam, por meio da regra da prioridade e da imunidade contra disposição, a eficácia de contratos de cuja formação não tomam parte, sejam contratos subseqüentes, obrigacionais ou de disposição, sejam contratos precedentes, meramente obrigacionais. Sem dúvida, o ordenamento jurídico apresenta outras técnicas jurídicas de oponibilidade de interesses econômico-sociais aos terceiros-adquirentes, geralmente ligadas a procedimentos de publicidade, tais como a boa-fé. Muito embora elas manifestem efeitos semelhantes, por vezes contradizendo o regime de numerus clausus, não se verifica uma derrogação desse último, identificada, por vezes, como uma realização dos direitos obrigacionais. No fundo, em se tratando de fatos jurídicos inconfundíveis, as metódicas de argumentação e aplicação do direito, pressupostas em cada um deles, são, outrossim, diferentes. Essas diferenças correspondem, por fim, ao terceiro e último daqueles três aspectos sob os quais se analisa o numerus clausus. Efetua-se, para tanto, o estudo de dois casos representativos, colhidos da jurisprudência brasileira, a qual aplica ora esse último regime, ora a boa-fé, sem que isso signifique nenhuma contradição, uma vez que a excepcionalidade dessa última confirma o caráter do numerus clausus como a regulação motriz do tráfico jurídico, orientada à segurança da aquisição e à estabilidade de determinadas relações de intercâmbio dos bens econômicos.
My dissertation focuses on a legal regime generally referred to as \"numerus clausus of property rights\". It does so by examining three main aspects of the theme. First of all it analyses the function of that legal regime, which is the source of its perceived legitimacy nowadays. This function consists in tendering for buyers a welldefined catalogue describing all the possible agreements concerning the goods they intend to buy and that are going to be considered as burdens. In a Private Law system, which fosters the private autonomy and prearranges burdens, the numerus clausus works as a menu of those contracts likely to create burdens. All the other contracts not listed in that menu even if they make reference to certain goods will not be treated as burdens. Thus, the buyer may know that his own interests over these goods will not be affected. Second the dissertation identifies a positive and a negative quality in this function. A possible negative aspect is that the numerus clausus is a heavy limitation to private autonomy, mainly to exchange contracts. In this sense, not only the exchanges involving property interests (rights in rem) but also those affecting credits and other kinds of rights (rights in personam) are submitted to the same legal regime which leads to Private Law generally recognizing two kinds of private autonomy regimes in Contract. While inexchange contracts the autonomy is limited, in executory contracts the autonomy is sensitively wider. A possible positive aspect is that the numerus clausus establishes a very powerful tool for opposing interests to third parties: the exchange contract. By selecting one of the few exchange contracts available in that menu, parties may oppose their interests in future transactions they will not take part in. Exchange contracts are obviously not the only system available for opposing interests in Private Law. The so called good faith system, connected with publicity devices, works also in that way, but using a very different legal strategy. Although the legal doctrine is used to identify the application of the good faith system with a \"realization\" of personal rights, that seems problematic. As a matter of fact, as different legal conceptions, exchange contracts submitted to a numerus clausus regime and good faith system require different techniques and arguments. These different procedures are discussed in the third section of my dissertation. In this section I discuss major cases in Brazilian Law which apply sometimes the numerus clausus systems and sometimes the good faith system. I argue that there is no contradiction between the both fashions of judicial decision, unless one simply uses the incoherent notion of \"realization\".

This thesis discuss necessary changes needed in order to run MicroC/OS-II on multicore processor, mainly Zynq 7000 All Programmable SoC which uses two ARM Cortex-A9 cores. Problems that arise during this transition are also discussed.

Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
As infeções parasitárias são comuns nos ungulados silvestres, contudo a presença de coinfecções entre helmintes e outros agentes pode potenciar a sua patogenicidade. Neste estudo, foi investigada a presença de parasitas gastrointestinais e pulmonares em javalis e veados provenientes de área epidemiológica de risco de tuberculose bovina (TB), de forma a compreender se os endoparasitas contribuem para a manutenção da infeção por Mycobacterium bovis. Recorreu-se à colheita de 124 amostras fecais de animais caçados na sub-região do Baixo Alentejo (n=73), Beira Interior Sul (n=7) e Lezíria do Tejo (n=44), sendo que as duas primeiras sub-regiões pertencem à área epidemiológica de risco de TB em caça maior. As amostras foram armazenadas à temperatura de refrigeração (5ºC) ou de congelação (-18ºC) e foram efetuados testes coprológicos de flutuação de Willis, sedimentação simples, McMaster, coprocultura em copo para isolamento de larvas no 3º estádio (L3) de nemátodes estrongilídeos gastrointestinais (EGI), método de Baermann para pesquisa de larvas no 1º estádio (L1) de nemátodes pulmonares e esfregaço fecal para pesquisa de Cryptosporidium spp. e Giardia sp. Recorreu-se à análise de risco entre os parasitas encontrados (variáveis dependentes) e a conservação da amostra, sub-região, idade e sexo do animal (variáveis independentes). Nos testes coprológicos verificou-se que as amostras refrigeradas se encontravam mais parasitadas do que as congeladas e como a conservação da amostra era um fator de risco, recorreu-se à separação das amostras em amostras refrigeradas e amostras congeladas. Na grande maioria dos animais detetou-se infeção parasitária (78,3%) em 83 animais, sendo a proporção maior nos javalis do que nos veados. Nas amostras refrigeradas de javali (n=43) observou-se a presença de EGI (97,7%), Cryptosporidium spp. (69,8%), Metastrongylus spp. (34,9%), coccídias (30,2%), Trichuris suis (14,0%), Fasciola hepatica (7,0%), Ascarídeos (4,7%) e os quistos de Giardia sp. não foram observados. Através da coprocultura observou-se L3 de Oesophagostomum spp. Com significado estatístico, animais do Baixo Alentejo têm uma probabilidade de excreção de oocistos de coccídias 3 vezes maior do que os da Lezíria do Tejo. A probabilidade de infeção por coccídias e de excreção de oocistos de Cryptosporidium nos jovens é 6,7 e 13,5 vezes maior do que em adultos, respetivamente. As amostras congeladas de javali eram de animais infetados e não infetados com TB, em que 62,5% encontravam-se parasitados. Ainda nas amostras congeladas de animais não infetados com TB encontrou-se 3 tipos de helmintes: EGI (25%), Fasciola hepatica (6,3%) e Ascaris suum (12,5%); e nas amostras congeladas de animais infetados com TB observou-se 4 tipos de helmintes: EGI (41,7%), Metastrongylus spp. (33,3%), família Eimeriidae (20,8%) e Balantidium spp. (4,2%). Nas amostras refrigeradas de veado (n=34), os ovos de EGI foram os mais assinalados (73,5%), seguindo-se outros parasitas com uma presença muito inferior, Eimeria spp. (17,6%), Strongyloides sp. (14,7%), oocistos de Cryptosporidium spp. (11,8%) e ainda 5,9% para Moniezia benedeni, Trichuris spp. e Fasciola hepatica. Os quistos de Giardia spp. não foram observados no veado. Através do método de Baermann em fezes de veados observaram-se larvas L1 de Elaphostrongylus sp. (26,5%) e de Varestrongylus sp. (11,8%). Na coprocultura observou-se L3 de Ostertagia spp. e Oesophagostomum spp.. Com significado estatístico, os veados positivos a TB tinham 5 e 16,5 vezes mais probabilidade de excreção de ovos de estrongilídeos e de oocistos de Cryptosporidium spp., respetivamente, podendo revelar que os animais infetados com TB têm um sistema imunitário debilitado. Com este estudo, foi possivel concluir que os parasitas têm um papel importante na manutenção da tuberculose bovina em javalis e veados.
ABSTRACT - Studies on gastrointestinal and pulmonary parasitism in wild boar and red deer hunted in the center and couth of Portugal Mainland - Parasitic infections are common in wild ungulates, although the presence of coinfections between helminths and other agents, may potentiate their pathogenicity. In this study, we investigated the presence of gastrointestinal and pulmonary parasites in wild boars and red deer from epidemiological area of bovine tuberculosis (TB) risk, in order to understand if the endoparasites contribute to the maintenance of Mycobacterium bovis infection. The 124 Fecal samples were collected from animals hunted from Baixo Alentejo sub-region (n=73), Beira Interior Sul (n=7) and Lezíria do Tejo (n=44), being the first two belong to the epidemiological area of TB risk in hunting game. The samples were stored at refrigeration (5ºC) or freezing temperature (-18ºC) and coprological tests of Willis flotation, simple sedimentation, McMaster, faecal cultures for isolation of larvae in 3rd stage (L3) from gastrointestinal strongyles (GIS), Baermann method for larvae in the 1st stage (L1) research of pulmonary nematodes and fecal smear for Cryptosporidium spp. Risk analysis was used, with a significance value of 0.05 and a confidence interval of 0.95, among the parasites found (dependent variables) and the conservation of the sample, sub-region, age and sex of the animal (independent variables). In the coprological tests it was found that the refrigerated samples were more parasitized than those that were frozen, and as the conservation of sample was a risk factor, we separate the samples in refrigerated samples and frozen samples. In the majority of the animals parasitic infection was detected (78.3%; n=83), the proportion being higher in wild boars than in red deer. In refrigerated samples of boar (n=43) was observed the presence of GIS (97.7%), Cryptosporidium spp. (69.8%), Metastrongylus spp. (34.9%), coccidia (30.2%), Trichuris suis (14.0%), Fasciola hepatica (7.0%), Ascarídeos (4,7%) and cysts of Giardia sp. weren’t found. Through faecal cultures larvae L3 of Oesophagostomum spp. were observed. With statistical relevance, Baixo Alentejo’s animals have a probability of excretion of coccidian oocysts 3 times greater than those of the Lezíria do Tejo. The probability of coccidial infection and excretion of Cryptosporidium oocysts in younger animals is 6.67 and 13.5 times higher than in adults, respectively. The frozen wild boar samples were from infected and non-TB infected animals, where 62,5% were parasitized. In the frozen samples of non-TB infected animals 3 types of helminths were found: GIS (25%), Fasciola hepatica (6.3%) and Ascaris suum (12.5%); and in the frozen samples of TB infected animals, 4 types of helminths were observed: GIS (41.7%), Metastrongylus spp. (33.3%), Eimeriidae family (20.8%) and Balantidium spp. (4.2%). In the refrigerated samples of red deer (n=34), the strongyle-type eggs were the most found (73.5%), followed by other parasites with a much lower presence, Eimeria (17.6%), Strongyloides sp. (14.7%), Cryptosporidium oocysts (11.8%) and also 5.9% for Moniezia benedeni, Trichuris spp.and Fasciola hepatica. The Giardia cysts weren’t found. Through Baermann’s method in deer faeces, L1 larvae of Elaphostrongylus sp. (26.5%) and Varestrongylus (11.8%) were observed. In the faecal culture was observed L3 of Ostertagia spp. And Oesophagostomum spp.. Statistically significant, TB positive deer had 5 and 16.5 times probability to excrete strongyle eggs and Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts, respectively; which may reveal that animals infected with TB have a weakened immune system. With this study, it was possible to conclude that parasites play an important role in the maintenance of tuberculosis in wild boars and red deers.
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The present paper aims to explore two frequent types of real-estate incorporation contracts: the purchase and sale of the unit as a future thing and the pact subject to chattel mortgage. To study the archetypes of these contracts with their vicissitudes and purposes associated with the Consumer Protection Law System analysis is the goal of this study, in order to present the structural characteristics and the way that these laws have been receipted and applied in different real estate business. After that, we ll start with what we see as the most important part of this paper: the nowadays issues in material relations between the contracting parties and the solutions that starts to be spreaded by individual judicial decisions related with the delay on delivering the final product or delay the mismatch between the final product and the contracted one, bringing light to a lot of different situations that demand higher attention from development companies
O presente trabalho tem como objetivo estudar dois tipos de contratos de incorporação imobiliária frequentes: a promessa de compra e venda de unidade como coisa futura e pacto adjeto de alienação fiduciária. Estudar esses arquétipos de contratos, com suas vicissitudes e finalidades, associado ao microssistema do Código de Defesa do Consumidor constitui o propósito deste trabalho, que também se desdobrará apresentando as características presentes na sua estrutura, o modo como vem sendo recepcionado e aplicado nos diferentes negócios imobiliários. A partir daí, chegarmos ao momento culminante que abordará os problemas atuais enfrentados nas relações materiais entre as partes contratantes e as soluções que começam a ser propagadas pelas normas jurídicas individuais criadas em decisões judiciais no que se refere ao atraso na entrega da obra e na parte relativa a entrega de um imóvel diverso do pactuado contratualmente, sinalizando o início de uma epopeia de múltiplas e reflexivas situações a exigir uma máxima atenção especialmente das empresas incorporadoras

S tím, jak se neustále vyvíjejí nové technologie pro energeticky náročná průmyslová odvětví, stávající zařízení postupně zaostávají v efektivitě a produktivitě. Tvrdá konkurence na trhu a legislativa v oblasti životního prostředí nutí tato tradiční zařízení k ukončení provozu a k odstavení. Zlepšování procesu a projekty modernizace jsou zásadní v udržování provozních výkonů těchto zařízení. Současné přístupy pro zlepšování procesů jsou hlavně: integrace procesů, optimalizace procesů a intenzifikace procesů. Obecně se v těchto oblastech využívá matematické optimalizace, zkušeností řešitele a provozní heuristiky. Tyto přístupy slouží jako základ pro zlepšování procesů. Avšak, jejich výkon lze dále zlepšit pomocí moderní výpočtové inteligence. Účelem této práce je tudíž aplikace pokročilých technik umělé inteligence a strojového učení za účelem zlepšování procesů v energeticky náročných průmyslových procesech. V této práci je využit přístup, který řeší tento problém simulací průmyslových systémů a přispívá následujícím: (i)Aplikace techniky strojového učení, která zahrnuje jednorázové učení a neuro-evoluci pro modelování a optimalizaci jednotlivých jednotek na základě dat. (ii) Aplikace redukce dimenze (např. Analýza hlavních komponent, autoendkodér) pro vícekriteriální optimalizaci procesu s více jednotkami. (iii) Návrh nového nástroje pro analýzu problematických částí systému za účelem jejich odstranění (bottleneck tree analysis – BOTA). Bylo také navrženo rozšíření nástroje, které umožňuje řešit vícerozměrné problémy pomocí přístupu založeného na datech. (iv) Prokázání účinnosti simulací Monte-Carlo, neuronové sítě a rozhodovacích stromů pro rozhodování při integraci nové technologie procesu do stávajících procesů. (v) Porovnání techniky HTM (Hierarchical Temporal Memory) a duální optimalizace s několika prediktivními nástroji pro podporu managementu provozu v reálném čase. (vi) Implementace umělé neuronové sítě v rámci rozhraní pro konvenční procesní graf (P-graf). (vii) Zdůraznění budoucnosti umělé inteligence a procesního inženýrství v biosystémech prostřednictvím komerčně založeného paradigmatu multi-omics.

碩士
國立成功大學
環境工程學系碩博士班
96
In order to change the color of FBFA appearance, enhance the viscosity of FBFA and reduce the feasibility of FBFA being used in the traveling diesel-vehicles (TDVs), the working items and method of study were as follows. 1. A discussion of manufacturing process and additives of FBFA and the establishment of two new ingredients of FBFA (RDS0.5 and PFO0.5); 2. Understanding the numbers, tonnage, horse power, tones per fishing boat and horse power per tone of fishing boat in Taiwan from 1992 to 2006; 3.Observing the color appearance of PDF, FBFA, RDS0.5 and PFO0.5; 4.The measurements of sulfur and total-aromatic contents, dynamic viscosity and T90 of PDF, FBFA, RDS and PFO; 5.The tests of mechanical performance and pollutant emissions for PDF, FBFA, RDS0.5 and PFO0.5, respectively on a diesel-engine dynamometer; 6.The test of FBFA, RDS0.5 and PFO0.5, respectively being used in three real-scale fishing boats; 7. The feasibility assessments of FBFA with new ingredients being used in road traveling diesel vehicles and real-scale fishing boats, respectively; 8. Proposing a leading direction of policy performance for new ingredient FBFA. The major results and conclutions of this study are as follows： (1). By using the appearance and color of fuel oil for the preliminary screening of illegal diesel fuel, the RDS0.5 will be a better choice for fishing-boat fuel. (2). If the fishing boat fuel being used in the traveling diesel vehicles, the emission amount of SOx will be increased approximately by 162 times and the total-PAH emission will be also elevated very significantly. This is one of the major reasons why the fishing boat fuel being used illegally in the traveling diesel vehicle needs to be strongly prohibited. By using the mass balance analysis, by adding 0.5% RDS or 0.5% PFO in the fishing boat fuel (FBFA), the sulfur content of FBFA will be no significant change. (3). The mean PM emission factors from the FBFA, RDS0.5 and PFO0.5 fueled diesel engines were higher than that of PDF by 72.2%, 63% and 87.4%, respectively and the mean total-PAH emission factors from the FBFA, RDS0.5 and PFO0.5 fueled diesel engines were higher than that of PDF by 72.2%, 63% and 87.4%, respectively. The fishing boat fuel being used in the traveling diesel vehicles did increase the emissions of both PM and PAHs. (4). The results of real-boat testing displayed that by using RDS0.5 as fishing boat fuel can reduce the emission factors of PM by 43.5%, increase the emission factors of total-PAHs by 43.5% and showed no significant difference in total-BaPeq. It revealed that by using RDS0.5, the majority of advantage will be very positive. (5). Performance of New policy: Replace the FBFA as RDS0.5. By looking the appearance and color of fuel oil, if a dark-brown color diesel-fuel is found during the preliminary screening process, the diesel fuel needs a further analysis for sulfur content.

In 1988, the red snapper fishery in the Gulf of Mexico was declared severely overfished. Since then, the daily bag limit has been reduced from 7 to 2, the minimum size limit has increased from 13 to 16 inches, and the year-round recreational season has been reduced to one lasting 53 days. Despite NOAA's recommendations that the Gulf States match these regulations, Texas has enforced a 4 bag limit and no seasonal restrictions. In 2009 alone, the total recreational catch exceeded the allocated quota by 1.7 million pounds. The lack of consistency between state and federal regulations and the drastic changes in management schemes have affected anglers' confidence in management, and limited the ability of the fishery to successfully adapt. This study provides an innovative assessment that measures fishers' knowledge and determines their support for current fishery regulations and for the scientific rationale behind the regulatory system. Over 150 interviews of red snapper anglers at charter and head boat docks were conducted along the Texas coast. The majority of respondents were 20-50 year old (74.5%), male (89.3%), four-year college graduates (34.9%), who resided near the coast (65.3%), and were targeting red snapper (92.5%). Results showed that 72.5 percent of respondents agree with the science behind red snapper management, 63.4 percent believe that the stock has improved since 2008, 89.5 percent agree that a bag limit in general is an appropriate management tool, and 78.2 percent agree with the Texas state management of red snapper. However, 51.7 percent of respondents disagree with the federal management of red snapper, and 90.1 percent of all respondents did not know that red snapper live to be 41-60 years old. The lack of support for the federal management may be due to the lack of knowledge of red snapper life span. Applications of this research will be imperative for managers - who already address biological, ecological, and economic aspects of a fishery - to expand their multi-disciplinary approach to include social analysis for the successful evolution of recreational fisheries management. Future research should explore improved management approaches that involve greater communication between the stakeholders and managers.

碩士
國立臺灣海洋大學
通訊與導航工程系
94
This thesis is concerned with the track-keeping autopilot design and experiment for a small boat. Specifically, the software(The Matlab/Simulink Real Time Window Target) and the hardware(RTK GPS, PDL, TCM2, ADAM 3968-A module, PCI-1710 I/O card) are integrated in forming the small boat-based experimental system. The Internal Model Control (IMC) method, characterized by its simplicity in the design and realization is adopted for the autopilot design and the speed of response parameter can be chosen to meet specific performance requirements. Up to 12 waypoints track-keeping experiments are conducted successfully through a sequence of course-changing maneuvers with the parameter chosen to be 9 and 10. The reference heading angle needed in the course-changing maneuver is provided by the line-of-sight guidance law. The powerful working environment of the Matlab/Simulink Real Time Window Target adopted in this work makes it relatively easy in implementing the autopilot control law and the PC-based real time control system offers a flexible and convenient testbed for testing different autopilot design algorithms.

碩士
國立臺灣海洋大學
通訊與導航工程學系
101
This work is concerned with usage of image processing technology to improve the night vision image target recognition performance while employing the visual guidance concept to guide a small boat towards a prescribed straight water channel in the night time. Both the shape feature and color recognition have been considered in the target recognition algorithm. However the low visibility in night time condition easily leads to deformation of the target shape, and only the color recognition method is adopted in the experiments. Specifically the histogram information of HSV(Hue, Saturation, and Value) color space are used to select the appropriate threshold range of HSV to achieve more reliable real-time color image recognition. In the proposed approach, two LED panel targets are arranged in cascade on the quayside to form a leading line. The targets are detected by a CCD camera mounted on the bow and aligned with the center line of the boat, and appropriate camera parameters (Shutter, Exposure and White balance) are set in advance. Use of the histogram information in the processing of the target guarantees more precise thresholds of HSV. The ROI (Region of Interest) scheme is also adopted during the image processing process to enhance identifiability of the leading mark. Calculation of the heading deviation and tracking deviation angles of the boat is carried out by analyzing the displacements of the target centers relative to the CCD center line and these information are fed into the autopilot. This work adopts more sophisticated image processing technique to improve the color recognition performance and outperforms the previous study in which only the red LED can be used in the night time. The experimental results reveal that not only red LED but also blue and green LED can be adopted to guide the small boat into the port in the night. The proposed approach reduces the light disturbance effectively, and the image improvement results in a more identifiable color characteristics that are more suitable for night vision-guided applications.

碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
管理技術研究所
86
The Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) model of raising private fund for the public construction has already become a widely used method. But the risk of investing in BOT project is under fierce environment fluctuation and uncertainty. The traditional NPV method in valuing the value of investment project can''t properly capture management''s flexibility in order to make the deviation of project value. In recent years, the concept of real options is provided an option thinking to the application of investment decision. It provides management a method of flexible and contingent decision to reduce the probability of wrong decision and solute the real NPV of the project. The purpose of this research is develop a better understanding of real option in essential futures and apply it to evaluate the value of the BOT model project such as highspeed railroad project. The conclusion of this research are presented as follows:1. The traditional NPV is consider the concept of real option to present the real value of project as a remedy to the shortcoming of net present value (NPV) analysis, whichfail to adequately capture managerial flexibility to adapt and revise later decisions inresponse to unexpected market conditions. Our results show the significantadvantages over conventional NPV methods as a project evaluation tool. Even more importantly, we show the how the appropriate choice of investments can be used tomange the risk profile of projects.2. In the highspeed railroad projects, the government should improve the policy toprovide the choice for the investments . But the investments must consider theuncertainty of government guarantee to control all risk in this project. As theuncertainty about market condition and project value is gradually resolved,management may have valuable flexibility to alter its operating strategy to capitalizeon the uncertainty condition.

碩士
國立臺灣海洋大學
通訊與導航工程學系
100
This study uses a small FRP boat as the experimental test platform to examine the performance of four types of image processing-based visual guidance schemes to guide a ship towards a prescribed straight water channel. Specifically, the four types of visual guidance methods are the fore-aft leading mark method, the left-right leading mark method, the left-right with additional rear leading mark method and the modified left-right with additional rear leading mark method. The LABVIEW /Vision Builder AI system working environment is adopted for the design of the Fuzzy Controller and the Internal Model Controller (IMC). A CCD camera mounted on the bow of the FRP boat is used to acquire images of the leading marks. The color recognition scheme and noise filtering are adopted in the image processing and proper threshold values are selected to ensure correct target acquirement. The geometric centers of the two leading marks are then calculated, and the separation distance between them is used to compute the deviated heading angle needed as feedback error signal in the adopted autopilots. The feasibility of the proposed concept was verified by performing a series of FPR boat experiments conducted in the waterways of the NTOU small boat harbor. Experimental results indicate that the fore-aft leading mark guidance method with Fuzzy controller has better performance than with the IMC controller, the left-right leading mark guidance scheme is less satisfactory because of its single leading mark like performance, and the performance of the left-right with additional rear leading mark method is similar to the fore-aft leading mark method. Finally, the modified left-right with additional rear leading mark method combined with the IMC controller has better trajectory convergence rate. However, the modified left-right with additional rear leading mark method combined with fuzzy controller might exhibit single leading mark guidance behavior, if the fuzzy input variables are not properly defined.

Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Engenharia Mecânica apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade de Coimbra
A poupança energética é um dos temas centrais nos dias que correm. O sector de edifícios é em grande parte responsável por elevados consumos de energia, principalmente pela cada vez maior procura de conforto térmico interior. Assim uma maior eficiência térmica nos edifícios torna-se uma questão muito importante. Os novos edifícios já têm vindo a apresentar soluções que promovem menores gastos com climatização. No entanto os edifícios existentes na sua maioria não contemplam quaisquer soluções nesse sentido, tornando-se essencial requalificá-los nessa área. Os edifícios situados em zonas históricas apresentam um valor histórico, cultural e social enorme, pelo que a sua reabilitação nunca pode passar pela perda de identidade. O centro histórico da alta de Coimbra apresenta uma série de restrições com vista à reabilitação dos seus edifícios. Com base nessas restrições é objectivo deste trabalho estudar a reabilitação térmica de um edifício situado nesse centro histórico, a casa de estudantes Real República do Bota-Abaixo, sem adulterar a sua identidade histórica. Para tal simulou-se, com recurso à ferramenta de simulação energética, Ecotect, os gastos anuais em climatização e número de horas anuais de desconforto antes, e depois de impostas as melhorias propostas: isolamento de coberturas, tectos e pavimentos, melhoria dos envidraçados existentes e controle das taxas de infiltração de ar. Este estudo foi complementado com uma análise recorrendo ao RCCTE. Como resultado das soluções de reabilitação, verificou-se ser possível reduções importantes nos consumos de energia para climatização, assistindo-se a um decréscimo de 77% nas necessidades totais, 85% em aquecimento e 54% em arrefecimento. Essas soluções levaram a que o edifício ficasse em conformidade com o RCCTE. Em suma, prova-se que é possível os edifícios históricos oferecerem condições dignas de conforto térmico, sem elevados gastos energéticos, mantendo a sua herança histórica, cultural e social.
Energy saving is one of the central themes these days. The buildings sector is largely responsible for high energy consumption, mainly by increasing demand for indoor thermal comfort. Thus, greater thermal efficiency in buildings becomes a very important issue. The new buildings have already been presenting solutions that promote reduced spending on air conditioning. However, mostly existing buildings do not include any solutions accordingly, therefore it is essential to revitalize them in this area. The buildings located in historic districts have a historical, cultural and huge social value, so their rehabilitation can never get over the loss of identity. The historical center of Coimbra has a high number of restrictions aimed at the rehabilitation of their buildings. Based on these restrictions, the aim of this work is to study the thermal rehabilitation of a building located in this historical center, a house of students: Real República do Bota-Abaixo, without misrepresenting its historical identity. To this end, it was simulated, using the energy simulation tool, Ecotect , the annual spending on air conditioning and the annual hours of discomfort before and after the proposed improvements imposed : insulating roofs , ceilings and floors , upgrading of existing glazing and control of air infiltration rates . This study was complemented with an analysis using the RCCTE. As a result of the rehabilitation solutions it was shown that is possible to have important reductions in energy consumptions for air conditioning. It was verified a decrease of 77% in the global needs, 85% in heating and 54% in cooling. These solutions have led the building to be in accordance with the RCCTE. In resume, it is proved that it is possible historic buildings to offer decent thermal comfort without high energy costs while maintaining their historical, cultural and social heritage.

碩士
國立交通大學
交通運輸研究所
99
Value at Risk concept into real option. Because of market environment changing, unexpected revenue and other factors, Port of TAIPEI enterprise alliances intend to give up running Port of TAIPEI. By calculating Real Option work out Port of TAIPEI option to abandon when enterprise alliances give up running Port of TAIPEI. Besides, by calculating threshold limit value figure out the best decision point of giving Port of TAIPEI. By selection of appropriate parameters to do sensitivity analysis reveals the influence of parameter changing. Scenario analysis, under different environments, is worked out the influence of giving real option value under changing environment. Taking scenario analysis results into Monte Carlo Simulation to simulate Value at risk. Assessing in different situations, Taipei Port should give up the minimum amount of capital investment plan to meet the greatest risk of possible loss. The result of giving up the Real Option value shows that there is maximum value of giving up running in 2014. When licence for a specific term T=10 in 2013, if the operational value is less than 9 billion, it is optimal decision-making to give up Port of TAIPEI. This is also the highest decision-making point in simulation result. Sensitivity analysis shows that risk-free interest rate, rate of returnst and option to abandon are negative. However, planned value mobility rate and running option to abandon are positive. Scenario analysis result indicates that the increase of container handling capacity led to the low effect of option to abandon value and Value at risk no matter obviously from Real Option and Value at Risk. The enterprise alliances of Port of TAIPEI reduce the probability of giving up Port of TAIPEI not only because the increase of Revenue and container handling capacity reduces option to abandon values but also the lower of capital of maximum amount of giving up running. The research result can assess the BOT investment project for future researches and decision-making applications. It also provides some suggestion for directors, organizations and franchisees.

碩士
國立臺灣大學
土木工程學研究所
100
Pavement inspection is an important part of long-term maintenance and rehabilitation (M&R) work on roadways. M&R activities are often time-consuming and labor-intensive. PI-bot, an autonomous inspection method for pavements is proposed. Two major contributions of this research are described. The first is the development of an autonomous, intelligent robot which carries inspection equipment in the field. The robot is equipped with a GPS receiver, an inertial measurement unit (IMU), a laser rangefinder, and an inspection module. PI-bot’s system software was developed using Microsoft Robotics Developer Studio (MSRDS), which provides a high degree of development flexibility and extensibility, along with an Inter-Process Communication (IPC) mechanism for data synchronization. PI-bot is also equipped with a Real Time Kinematic (RTK) positioning system, an obstacle avoidance system, and re-inspection behaviors. In order to verify feasibility and performance of the proposed system, the hardware communication, software architecture, and behavior implementations were comprehensively tested in the field. The test results show that PI-bot is effectively at performing a short range and small area pavement inspection task. The second contribution is the Chromatic Dual-Light Inspection (CDLI) method, a distress identification method suitable for automatic inspection. The CDLI method is comprised of four steps, namely image acquisition, image subtraction, image enhancement, and image classification. To validate the CDLI method, we recorded 504 images and evaluated its performance with them. The results indicate that the proposed CDLI method performs very well on normal pavement, alligator cracks, and manholes, and performs satisfactorily on spillage pavement, longitudinal cracks, and transverse cracks. With the CDLI method integrated into PI-bot, the proposed real-time autonomous pavement inspection system is demonstrated to work effectively to execute pavement inspection tasks.

Relatório de estágio de mestrado em Ciências da Comunicação (área de especialização em Publicidade e Relações Públicas)
O sucesso das marcas está, acima de tudo, na sua comunicação. Qualquer empresa necessita de sobreviver e destacar-se da concorrência, procurando alternativas viáveis e estratégias diferenciadoras, hoje mais do que nunca. Ao mesmo tempo, o público nunca teve tanto poder, sendo imensamente responsável pela reputação atribuída a cada marca no panorama atual. Posto isto, o consumidor deve ser cada vez mais ouvido e respeitado para que a sua experiência com a marca seja o mais agradável possível, beneficiando assim todas as partes envolvidas. Ora, a forma mais rápida para as marcas fortalecerem a sua imagem encontra-se nas redes sociais. A sua presença online é uma mais-valia para a comunicação e a memorização de uma empresa, que encontra nestas comunidades virtuais um espaço que privilegia a comunicação instantânea, direta e interativa com o seu público-alvo. As redes sociais são hoje ferramentas essenciais no trabalho das agências de comunicação, que gerem as páginas institucionais dos seus clientes com o intuito de estimular o interesse junto dos utilizadores da internet. O Facebook, um fenómeno isolado, é presentemente a rede social com mais utilizadores no mundo, o que justifica a sua escolha como local de privilégio onde marcas querem e devem estar. Contudo, é necessário compreender e dominar as estratégias comunicativas tão distintas destas plataformas digitais, onde todos os erros são dissecados e os êxitos passam, por vezes, despercebidos. O ambiente é intimidante para muitos profissionais, mas um risco que compensa, uma vez compreendidas as suas potencialidades. Este Relatório, escrito com base em experiência de estágio numa agência de comunicação, pretende exemplificar e dar a conhecer o importante papel das redes sociais, concretamente o Facebook, na construção de relações entre marcas e os seus públicos na comunicação online em que hoje vivemos, assim como explorar os dos e dont’s, em forma de Manual de Boas Práticas, que caracterizam a linguagem muito própria das redes sociais.
A brand’s success relays, essentially, on its communication. All companies and brands strive to stand out among the competition, seeking viable ways and outside the box strategies to survive, mostly when considered the present times. The public, however, has never been so powerful and in control, with every brand’s reputation resting in their hands. That being said, consumers need to be listened to and respected, so their brand experience is as enjoyable and pleasurable as possible, that way benefiting all parties involved. And it seems that the quickest way for brands to strengthen their image is via social networking. A brand’s online presence is the best way to communicate and still be present in the consumer’s mind, since social networks stand out as a quick, fun and interactive place where communication is the key. Managing social networking pages is nothing short of a vital capacity for any current communication agency. Facebook, currently the most used and liked social network site in the world, seems to be the right place where brands should and want to be. However, managing brands in this environment requires the understanding of very specific tools and communication strategies, since every mistake is under the microscope and not all hits get noticed. It can be intimidating for my professionals but, nonetheless, it is a risk that pays off, once its benefits are well understood. This Report, written based on a internship experience in a communication and PR agency, aims to describe and illustrate the import role of social networking (Facebook’s case in concrete), when it comes to building solid relations between brands and its publics and, at the same time, explore the dos and dont’s that distinguish the very specific language and approach of this kind of websites, in the form of a Guide of Best Practices.

碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
資訊管理系
89
The purposes of adopting BOT models for the government are to incorporate private sector’s capital, resources, and the management skills to promote the effectiveness of infrastructure development. Most BOT plans have the characteristics of huge capital investment, large irreversible capital expenditure, long payback period, and high risks. Therefore, the feasibility of BOT plans must be carefully evaluated. On the other hand, traditional financial models ignore the managerial flexibility and might not be sufficient to evaluate the BOT project with complicated uncertainty and intensive capital characteristics. Thus, the real option approach seems likely to provide a powerful tool for the assessment of BOT investment project because it provides ways to account for irreversibility of the capital and uncertainty of the future and measure the value of BOT projects accurately. The main purpose of this research is to enhance a better understanding of real option in essential futures and establish the Decision Support System (DSS) which evaluates the value of the BOT projects by real option to promote the efficiency and accuracy of the evaluation of investment projects. Finally, we will apply the system to evaluate the project value of the National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium and make the option value analysis. The conclusion of this research are presented as follows: 1.The traditional NPV approach often undervalues high risks investment opportunities, because it ignores or doesn’t properly value important managerial flexibility. In terms of the National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium project, we find that the real option method provides higher value estimates than the traditional NPV approach. 2.After evaluating the case of National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium project value by using the DSS developed, the results exhibit that a combination of the option to abandon from 89 to 94 year during the building stage and the option to expand the third year during the operating stage will maximize the total value of the expanded NPV. Additionally, the project’s has option to abandon during the operating stage doesn’t acquire any option value, because abandon operation for its salvage value is zero and leading to a loss of guarantee fees. 3.During project’s life, the management may have the flexibility to abandon the project if market conditions turn unfavorable. The flexibility does have value and the downside risk is limited as will. Since the risk can be transferred rather than remove, therefore government may usually design a guarantee system in BOT contract to prevent the private sector to abandon the project maliciously.

The goal of this thesis is to show how option valuation techniques can be used to value managerial flexibility in Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) toll road projects. It begins by discussing the dramatic shift towards public-private partnerships and BOTs in the infrastructure industry. It then looks at how traditional capital budgeting techniques often fail to capture important sources of value created by flexibility. It discusses real options and introduces Contingent Claims Analysis (CCA) as a means of valuing flexibility which takes into account the opportunity to construct replicating portfolios in the market. It applies CCA to the real options present in each phase of a BOT toll road project. During the build phase, it looks at the option to abandon, the option to change scale/technology, and time-to-build flexibility. During the operate phase, it analyzes tollsetting flexibility, development gain options, and project financing flexibility. At the transfer phase it considers arrangements with option-like features. In conclusion, this thesis emphasizes the relevance of real option valuation techniques to BOT toll road projects and points the way to further research fusing the fields of transport economics and financial economics.

Tese de mestrado em Microbiologia Aplicada, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2019
A resistência antimicrobiana (AMR) é um processo comum na Natureza que, devido à normal variação e evolução genética das populações microbianas e à pressão exercida por agentes antimicrobianos, conduz à fixação na população de genes/genótipos que promovem a resistência, bem como à sua transmissão às gerações seguintes. No entanto, a resistência antimicrobiana de microrganismos comensais, particularmente bactérias, tem aumentado acentuadamente, tornando-se num grande problema de saúde publica do século XXI, com consequências clínicas e económicas muito preocupantes. Alguns dos fatores que aceleram este processo natural de evolução genética são, nomeadamente, o uso inadequado e abusivo de antibióticos, a existência de habitats cada vez mais humanizados, a descarga de antibióticos no meio ambiente, entre muitos outros fatores, sendo cada vez mais difícil combater infeções de bactérias (multi)resistentes. Estas condições promovem a circulação e disseminação de bactérias resistentes, bem como dos seus elementos genéticos móveis, entre humanos, animais e o ambiente. Para enfrentar a ameaça global da resistência antimicrobiana, são necessários estudos mais detalhados sobre a complexa ecologia na interface homem-pecuária-vida selvagem, sendo que as fontes e vias de transmissão da AMR no compartimento da vida selvagem não são ainda claras. Assim, neste trabalho, pretendeu-se avaliar a resistência antimicrobiana no compartimento selvagem, utilizando como modelo populações selvagens ou de vida livre de ungulados silvestres, nomeadamente javali (Sus scrofa), veado-vermelho (Cervus elaphus) e gamo (Dama dama). Para além da facilidade de amostragem, a escolha destes ungulados como modelo teve por base a complexa teia de interações que estas espécies estabelecem, permitindo estudar a dinâmica da transmissão de genes de AMR de diferentes fontes e entender os fatores subjacentes a essa dinâmica. Para além disso, são mamíferos de grande porte que têm uma distribuição mundial e muito abundantes na Europa, cujas populações estão em expansão, nomeadamente em Portugal, ocupando uma grande variedade de ambientes. Sendo assim, a escolha destes ungulados recaiu no facto de terem uma larga distribuição geográfica, particularmente o javali, uma área vital alargada, baixa probabilidade de lhe terem sido administrados antibióticos e a sobreposição do seu habitat com vários outros, servindo de ligação entre ambientes influenciados pelo Homem (ambientes humanizados) e áreas naturais. Para avaliar a dinâmica de transmissão de genes de resistência, os modelos bacterianos focados neste estudo foram: Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus epidermidis e Staphylococcus aureus. Esta escolha assentou na sua relevância como microrganismos comensais e/ou agentes patogénicos humanos de origem alimentar, bem como no seu potencial como reservatórios de genes de resistência. Acresce que estas espécies bacterianas são frequentemente utilizadas como modelo em estudos de resistência a antibióticos, nomeadamente nos compartimentos humano e pecuário, e para as quais existem dados de suscetibilidade disponíveis, passíveis de comparação com dados obtidos no compartimento selvagem. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram assim, especificamente, a avaliação: [1] da presença de bactérias (multi)resistentes na microflora comensal de animais selvagens, nomeadamente Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp. e Escherichia coli, designadamente os serotipos produtores de toxina Shiga (STEC); [2] da influência exercida por fatores ambientais, ecológicos e de perturbação na dinâmica da transmissão da resistência antimicrobiana. Para o efeito, foram recolhidas 56 amostras fecais, das quais 12 provenientes de javali, sete de gamo e 37 de veado, de todo o território nacional continental. As amostras foram recolhidas de forma oportunística em montarias (veado e javali) ou ações de captura de animais em vida, com recurso a sedação, para avaliação do seu estado de saúde (gamo), não se tendo em conta a idade, género e habitat dos espécimes. Para isolamento de E. coli e de Salmonella spp., as amostras foram enriquecidas em água peptonada e, posteriormente, plaqueadas em agar MacConkey, meio seletivo para o isolamento de E. coli, e em meio Rappaport-Vassiliadis (MRSV) modificado, meio seletivo para o isolamento de Salmonella spp.. No caso de se observar crescimento bacteriano com a produção de halos brancos em meio MRSV, sugestivo da presença de Salmonella spp., as bactérias correspondentes seriam repicadas para os meios XLD e Harlequin Salmonella ABC. Para o isolamento de E. faecalis e E. faecium, as amostras foram enriquecidas em Azide Dextrose Broth e posteriormente plaqueadas em Membrane-filter Enterococcus Selective agar. Por fim, para o isolamento de S. aureus e S. epidermidis, as amostras foram enriquecidas em caldo Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) suplementado com 6,5% de NaCl e posteriormente plaqueadas em Mannitol Salt Agar (MAS). De todos estes meios de cultura, quatro colónias bacterianas, com as características morfológicas e coloração típica das espécies bacterianas de interesse, foram purificadas em Luria Agar (LA) e, seguidamente, sujeitas a testes fenotípicos, nomeadamente coloração de Gram, coloração de endósporos, e testes para detetar a presença das enzimas catalase e citocromo c oxidase. Os isolados bacterianos foram congelados e, os que apresentavam as características presuntivas das espécies de interesse, foram submetidas a genotipagem por recurso à técnica de amplificação aleatória de DNA polimórfico (RAPD), utilizando o primer PH, o qual é um primer universal que amplifica uma parte do gene rRNA 16S. A relação entre os diferentes isolados foi analisada utilizando métodos hierárquicos numéricos com o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson e o método de aglomeração Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic mean (UPGMA). Dentro de cada grupo estabelecido, selecionou-se um isolado de cada hospedeiro para identificação molecular, usando a técnica de amplificação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) e primers direcionados à amplificação de alvos específicos de cada espécie bacteriana em estudo. Os isolados identificados como E. coli (n = 98) foram posteriormente submetidos a um PCR multiplex com o objetivo de aferir a presença dos genes de virulência eae, stx1 e stx2 e a presença de genes associados ao serovares O26, O103, O104, O111, O145 e O157 de E. coli. Dos 98 isolados de E. coli testados, apenas três pertencem aos serovares pesquisados [O104 (n = 1); O103 (n = 2)] e dois isolados (diferentes dos anteriores) possuem, pelo menos, um dos genes de virulência analisados (num isolado amplificou-se o gene stx1, enquanto noutro isolado os genes stx1/stx2). Os isolados confirmados molecularmente como pertencentes às espécies bacterianas em estudo, E. coli (n = 98), E. faecium (n = 11), E. faecalis (n = 4) e S. epidermidis (n = 5), foram sujeitos a testes de suscetibilidade a antibióticos. Os antibióticos testados em E. coli, pertencentes a quatro classes, foram (μg/disco): ampicilina [AMP] (10), cefoxitina [FOX] (30), cefotaxima [CTX] (5), ceftazidima [CAZ] (10), meropenem [MEM] (10), gentamicina [GEN] (10), trimetoprim [TMP] (5) e cloranfenicol [CHL] (30). Os isolados de S. epidermidis, foram testados com os seguintes antibióticos, pertencentes a duas classes (μg/disco): minociclina [MIN] (30) e tobramicina [TOB]. Por último, os antibióticos testados para os isolados pertencentes às espécies E. faecium e E. faecalis, foram (μg/disco): ampicilina [AMP] (2), gentamicina [GEN] (30), vancomicina [VAN] (5), teicoplanina [TEC] (30) e linezolide [LZD] (10), os quais pertencem a quatro classes de antibióticos. Para os testes de suscetibilidade aos antimicrobianos, procedeu-se metodologicamente de acordo com as diretrizes do Comité Europeu de Testes de Suscetibilidade Antimicrobiana (EUCAST) e a interpretação dos diâmetros dos halos de inibição foi realizada de acordo com os limites (cut-offs) epidemiológicos (ECOFF). Os ECOFF permitem a distinção de bactérias com fenótipo selvagem [wild-type (WT)], as quais são caracterizadas pela resistência natural e ausência de mecanismos de resistência adquiridos, das bactérias com fenótipo non-wild-type (NWT), ou seja, por oposição, aquelas que adquiriram mecanismos de resistência face ao seu perfil natural de resistência. Assim, 10,20% da população de E. coli apresentou um fenótipo NWT para, pelo menos, um antibiótico, tendo-se obtido os seguintes resultados discriminados por antibiótico: trimetoprim (6,12%), gentamicina (4,08%) e ampicilina (5,10%). Relativamente aos testes de suscetibilidade a antibióticos realizados em E. faecium, 18,18% da população testada apresentou um fenótipo non-wild-type para, pelo menos, um antibiótico, obtendo-se as seguintes percentagens: vancomicina (9,09%), teicoplanina (18,18%) e linezolide (9,09%). Os isolados de E. faecalis também foram testados para este conjunto de antibióticos, tendo todos sido considerados wild type. Por fim, 60% da população de isolados de S. epidermidis apresentou fenótipo non-wild-type contra a tobramicina. No entanto, estes últimos resultados não podem ser extrapolados para a população, uma vez que apenas foram testados os cinco isolados de S. epidermidis obtidos, o que limita as conclusões. Após os resultados dos testes de suscetibilidade antimicrobiana, foi testada a hipótese de o fenótipo de resistência depender da espécie, idade, género ou localização/área geográfica do hospedeiro. Após análise, verificou-se uma associação estatisticamente significativa do fenótipo non-wild-type com a espécie de hospedeiro, e de fatores associados à sua história de vida, nomeadamente idade, género e área geográfica da captura. Estes resultados sugerem que a resistência a antibióticos não depende apenas de um único fator, mas sim de uma complexa interação entre fatores bióticos e abióticos, sendo necessários estudos multidisciplinares para a análise da interação dos vários componentes. Este estudo sugere ainda que os animais silvestres pesquisados poderão constituir uma fonte de E. coli potencialmente patogénica, ainda que a prevalência registada seja muito baixa.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) occurs naturally over time and space due to normal genetic variation and evolution in bacterial populations. However, it became a huge concern in the 21st century because many factors, like overuse and misuse of antibiotics in human and animal populations, the overlap of animal and human habitats and the widespread discharge of antimicrobials, are accelerating genetic evolution processes underlying antimicrobial resistance, being increasingly more difficult to combat infections caused by (multi)resistant bacteria. These factors promote links between human, animal and the environment that enable the circulation and dissemination of resistant bacteria, as well as their mobile genetic elements. To face the global threat of AMR, more detailed studies on its complex ecology at the human-livestock-wildlife interface are crucial. The sources and transmission routes of AMR in the wildlife compartment are still unclear, so in this work the main focus was to evaluate antimicrobial resistance in the wild, using as models free-ranging wild ungulates populations, namely wild boar (Sus scrofa), red deer (Cervus elaphus) and fallow deer (Dama dama), since they may establish the link between the transmission routes of antibiotic resistance encoding genes from different sources, through a complex web of interactions, large home range, unlikeliness of being treated with antibiotics, and/or habitat overlap with livestock and humans. The aim of this work was thus the appraisal of: [1] the extent to which wild animals harbour and act as reservoirs of (multi)resistant bacteria, namely Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp. and Escherichia coli, such as Shiga-toxin producing E. coli (STEC), and [2] the influence exerted by environmental, ecological and disturbance factors on antimicrobial resistance dynamics. To address these objectives, freshly collected faecal samples from 12 wild boar, 7 fallow deer and 37 red deer, sampled in mainland Portugal, were divided into portions of 1 g, enriched and then cultured in selective media for detection and isolation of Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus. These bacterial species were selected for this study because of their relevance as human commensals, food-borne pathogens or their potential as reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes. To isolate Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp., the samples were enriched in Buffered Peptone Water and then cultured, respectively, onto MacConkey agar and Rappaport-Vassiliadis (MRSV) medium semisolid modified. Any potential Salmonella growth would be confirmed in Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate (XLD) and Harlequin Salmonella ABC. In this screening, no Salmonella spp. was detected. For the isolation of Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis, the samples were enriched in Azide Dextrose Broth and, posteriorly, cultured onto Membrane-filter Enterococcus agar. Lastly, to isolate Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus, the samples were enriched in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth supplemented with 6.5% of NaCl and then cultured onto Mannitol Salt agar (MSA). The isolates were subjected to phenotypic characterization and the ones with the presumptive characteristics of the bacterial species pretended (n = 426) were stored and subjected to a random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprinting with PH primer. Strain relationships were analysed by hierarchical numerical methods with Pearson correlation coefficient and Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic mean (UPGMA) clustering. This technique allowed to group the isolates and select one from each host within each cluster for molecular identification using PCR and primers targeted at each bacterial species under focus. Based on this approach, no isolates could be identified as S. aureus. The isolates confirmed as E. coli (n = 98) were posteriorly subjected to a multiplex PCR with the purpose of targeting the virulence genes eae, stx1 and stx2 and the presence of E. coli O26, O103, O104, O111, O145 and O157 serogroup-associated genes. All the isolates identified as E. coli, E. faecium (n = 11), E. faecalis (n = 4) and S. epidermidis (n = 5), were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility tests according to EUCAST guidelines. For E. coli, antibiotics tested were (μg/disc): ampicillin [AMP] (10), cefoxitin [FOX] (30), cefotaxime [CTX] (5), ceftazidime [CAZ] (10), meropenem [MEM] (10), gentamicin [GEN] (10), trimethoprim [TMP] (5) and chloramphenicol [CHL] (30), belonging to four different classes of antibiotics. For S. epidermidis, antibiotics tested were (μg/disc): minocycline [MIN] (30) and tobramycin [TOB], belonging to two antibiotic classes. For E. faecium and E. faecalis, antibiotics tested were (μg/disc): ampicillin [AMP] (2), gentamicin [GEN] (30), vancomycin [VAN] (5), teicoplanin [TEC] (30) and linezolid [LZD] (10), which belong to four different antibiotic classes. The interpretation of inhibition zone diameters was performed according to epidemiological cut-offs (ECOFFs). Accordingly, 10.20% of the E. coli population showed a non-wild-type (non-WT) phenotype against at least one antibiotic, including trimethoprim (6.12%), gentamicin (4.08%) and ampicillin (5.10%). Similarly, 18.18% of the E. faecium population tested showed a non-wild-type phenotype against at least one antibiotic, including vancomycin (9.09%), teicoplanin (18.18%) and linezolid (9.09%). E. faecalis isolates were also tested for this set of antibiotics and it was observed that all the isolates were considered WT. Lastly, 60% of the S. epidermidis population showed non-WT phenotype against tobramycin. However, interpretation of these results is limited, since only five isolates of S. epidermidis were obtained. The hypothesis of the non-wild type phenotype being dependent on the host’s species, age, sex and location were tested and, by statistical analysis, it was determined a statistically significant association between the non-wild-type phenotype and those factors.

碩士
國立東華大學
財經法律研究所
98
As Taiwan intends to align real estate securitization with the global trends, the “reality issues” encountered by the development oriented real estate securitization and the BOT (Build-Operate-Transfer) projects urgently require in-depth elaborations. The research study will focus on whether the BOT projects shall achieve the capital-raising objective through the development oriented real estate securitization as the core issue. Therefore, a detailed discord specifically on the realization of the development oriented real estate securitization in Taiwan and its synergy with BOT projects will be conducted. Moreover, the necessity of synergizing the development oriented real estate securitization and BOT projects will be first discussed. The issues generated during the course of synergization still remain to be resolved, such as risk assessment, credit assessment, investor protection, information disclosure, and internal and external monitoring. The research study will establish specific chapters separately as an attempt to propose the resolutions. In addition, the research study will attempt to propose that the construction of the National Su-Hua Highway should be conducted as a BOT project. For issues and solution models generated from the above-mentioned synergization of development oriented real estate securitization and BOT project, and for effectively resolving the early-stage, capital-raising issues encountered by the private-sector companies after acquiring the concessions, discussions will be made and other countries’ experiences will be applied to examine the conflicts caused by the lack of rules for other alternative regulations after synergizing with the development of the real estate securitization model at the construction stage. To conclude, the research study intends to specifically re-examine the areas of insufficiency, as caused by the passage of the Real Estate Securitization Provision in 2009, for the overall framework system of Taiwan’s real estate securitization and to understand the prospective impacts on the future developments of the BOT projects. The study intends to construct new opportunities based on the synergization of real estate securitization with BOT projects.