Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Réacteur à eau sous pression (REP)'
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Verdier, Aude. "Évaluation de la sous-criticité lors des opérations de chargement d'un réacteur nucléaire REP." Lyon 1, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/04/82/18/PDF/tel-00009682.pdf.
Full textAgoudjil, Naguib. "Condensation en présence d'incondensables : application au refroidissement d'enceinte REP." Aix-Marseille 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX22109.
Full textBodini, Laurent. "Préconditionnement des valeurs de référence des réacteurs à eau pressurisée REP 900 MW." Lille 1, 1998. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1998/50376-1998-417.pdf.
Full textAniel-Buchheit, Sylvie Catherine. "Contribution aux études de faisabilité de réacteurs à eau sous pression (REP) 100% MOX." Grenoble INPG, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPG0137.
Full textRahlfs, Stephan. "Validation physique du nouveau code de cellule européen ECCO pour le calcul des coefficients de réactivité des réacteurs REP et RNR." Aix-Marseille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX11018.
Full textBellefleur, Alexandre. "Cinétique de réaction et solubilité des produits de corrosion dans les conditions physico-chimiques du circuit primaire des réacteurs à eau sous pression (REP)." Phd thesis, Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1767/.
Full textA better understanding of the behavior of the corrosion products at operating conditions of PWR is required. This study aims to collect new thermodynamic data on the species composing the corrosion products. The experimental work, described in this paper, focuses on the study of two solid phases: nickel oxide NiO and nickel ferrite NiFe2O4. Dissolution rate of nickel oxide has been measured to 130 °C in acidic conditions (pH 3 to 5). A kinetic model has been used to describe the measured dissolution rates. This calculation allowed us to determine the real activation energy of the dissolution reaction of nickel oxide which is equal to 56,5 ± 3,7 kJ. Mol-1. The dissolution rates of nickel oxide are slow and as a consequence, only a limited amount of nickel oxide can be dissolved during reactor shutdown. Solubility of a stoichiometric nickel ferrite, experimentally synthesized, has been measured from 100 to 200 °C in acidic conditions with a hydrogen electrode concentration cell. The results show a non-congruent dissolution of nickel ferrite with an iron excess. The speciation of soluble iron and nickel was studied based on the available thermodynamic data at high temperature and the measured concentrations were compared with the equilibrium constants with the MULTEQ code. The solubility of nickel ferrite in a reducing acidic solution is reasonably well described by the available thermodynamic data. A new high temperature solubility measurement cell was designed and built. This paper describes in detail the design of the cell and the first tests that have been conducted
Bellefleur, Alexandre. "Cinétique de réaction et solubilité des produits de corrosion dans les conditions physico-chimiques du circuit primaire des réacteurs à eau sous pression (REP)." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00767055.
Full textRichebois, Edwige. "Calculs de coeur REP en transport 3D." Aix-Marseille 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX11039.
Full textSavoie, Marylène. "Influence de la localisation de la déformation sur la corrosion sous contrainte de l'acier inoxydable austénitique A-286 en milieu primaire des REP." Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EMSE0003.
Full textIrradiation-assisted stress corrosion cracking (IASCC) of austenitic stainless steels is known to be a critical issue for structural components of nuclear reactor cores. The deformation of irradiated austenitic stainless steels is extremely heterogeneous and localized in deformation bands that may play a significant role in IASCC. In this study, an original approach is proposed to determine the influence of localized deformation on austenitic stainless steels SCC in simulated PWR primary water. The approach consists in (i) performing low cycle fatigue tests on austenitic stainless steel A-286 strengthened by ’ precipitates Ni3(Ti,Al) in order to shear and dissolve the precipitates in intense slip bands, leading to a localization of the deformation within and in (ii) assessing the influence of these ’-free localized deformation bands on A-286 SCC by means of comparative CERT tests performed on specimens with similar yield strength, containing or not ’-free localized deformation bands. Results show that strain localization significantly promotes A-286 SCC in simulated PWR primary water at 320 and 360°C. Moreover, A-286 is a precipitation-hardening austenitic stainless steel used for applications in light water reactors. The second objective of this work is to gain insights into the influence of heat treatment and metallurgical structure on A-286 SCC susceptibility in PWR primary water. The results obtained demonstrate a strong correlation between yield strength and SCC susceptibility of A-286 in PWR primary water at 320 and 360°C
Cachon, Lionel. "Etude tribologique de revêtements durs sans cobalt destinés aux organes d'isolement du circuit primaire des REP." Bordeaux 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR10618.
Full textRoche, Stéphane. "Modélisation simplifiée de l'écoulement radial d'un mélange de matériaux fondus à travers des crayons combustibles dans un coeur REP." Aix-Marseille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX11058.
Full textAuder, Benjamin. "Classification et modélisation de sorties fonctionnelles de codes de calcul : application aux calculs thermo-hydrauliques accidentels dans les réacteurs à eau pressurisés (REP)." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066066.
Full textKlenov, Pavel. "Validation expérimentale des schémas de calcul relatifs aux absorbants et poisons consommables dans les REP." Aix-Marseille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX11041.
Full textṬāha, ʿUṯmān. "Commande automatique robustesse du générateur de vapeur REP." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPL1280.
Full textVermorel, Fabien. "Étude de la corrosion-érosion des aciers au carbone en milieu réducteur : application aux générateurs de vapeur des centrales REP." Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO10299.
Full textMaisonneuve, Marc. "Effet de transitoires oxygénés sur l'oxydation et la corrosion sous contrainte d'un acier inoxydable 316L écroui en milieu primaire des réacteurs à eau sous pression." Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02612528.
Full textOperational feedback on the primary circuit of Pressurized Water Reactors (PWR) shows cases of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) affecting cold-worked stainless steel components. Some working steps require water from auxiliary reservoirs to be added to the primary water. Depending on the operator, this water can be either aerated, or deaerated and monitored. These aerated transients may have a detrimental effect on the SCC susceptibility of stainless steels. In this context, the aim of this work is to study the influence of dissolved oxygen on the oxidation and SCC susceptibility of a cold-worked 316L stainless steel in PWR primary water. For this purpose, oxidation and SCC tests were performed in PWR primary water with nominal (hydrogenated and deaerated), fully aerated, and aerated transients conditions. Dissolved oxygen was found to have a significant impact on the oxidation processes of stainless steels. In particular, the inner surface oxide layer is chromium-rich and dense in nominal conditions, while it is chromium depleted and porous in the two other environments, with the exception of a thin oxide film (10 to 30 nm thick) located at the oxide/alloy interface. Moreover, intergranular oxide penetrations, which can be considered as precursors for SCC initiation, were observed in nominal and aerated transients conditions, but not in fully-aerated ones. Intergranular and micrometric SCC cracks were observed after the SCC tests, in all three environments. A detailed quantification showed that they are more numerous and significantly longer and deeper in nominal conditions, and with aerated transients, compared to the fully-aerated ones. This difference seems coherent with the absence of intergranular oxide penetrations in fully-aerated conditions. Moreover, with aerated transients, oxides at the crack flanks and tip can either have a different morphology than in nominal conditions, suggesting that aerated transients may have an effect on SCC susceptibility. Based on these results, scenarios were proposed for intergranular SCC cracks initiation, in the three environments of this study
Stern, Anthony. "Comportements métallurgique et mécanique des matériaux de gainage du combustible REP oxydes à haute température." Paris, ENMP, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENMP1506.
Full textZirconium alloys are used as cladding materials in PWR. As they are submitted to very extreme conditions, it is necessary to check their behaviour and especially to make sure they meet the safety criteria. They are therefore studied under typical in service-loadings but also under accidental loadings. In one of these accidental scenarios, the cladding temperature may increase above 800°C, in a steam environment, and decrease before a final quench of the cladding. During this temperature transient, the cladding is heavily oxidised, and the metallurgical changes leads to a decrease of the post quench mechanical properties. It is then necessary to correlate this drop in residual ductility to the metallurgical evolutions. This is the problem we want to address in this study. As oxygen goes massively into the metallic part - a zirconia layer grows at the same time – during the high temperature oxidation, the claddings tubes microstructure shows three different phases with various mechanical properties. In order to reproduce the behaviour of this multi-layered material, the first part of this study consisted in creating samples with different oxygen contents, similar to those observed in the different phases of the real cladding. The study was especially focused on the phase transformation upon cooling. A mechanism was proposed to describe this phase transformation. Then, these materials were mechanically tested at various temperatures and for various mean oxygen contents. It was thus possible to start some preliminary finite element calculations to describe the cladding behaviour under the standard technological ring compression test
Flambard, Julie. "Effets des étapes d'un redémarrage de réacteur à eau sous pression sur l'oxydation et le relâchement des produit de corrosion des tubes de générateur de vapeur en alliage 690." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020INPT0045.
Full textSteam generator tubes in pressurized water reactors are made of nickel-based alloys. The exchange surface of these tubes represents nearly 75% of the primary circuit. Due to oxidation in primary environment, corrosion products are released into the circuit. The phenomenon of release of corrosion products and their activations in the core of reactor, after neutron flux exposure, are mainly responsible for radioactive contamination of the primary circuit. The limitation of this phenomenon represents one of the major industrial issues to reduce the radiation exposure of maintenance personnel during shutdown. The controlling and modelling of such phenomenon requires a detailed understanding of release kinetics and oxide layers formed. The release and the oxide film formation, on the internal surface of 690 alloy tubes, are strongly impacted by the materials parameters of the tube, as well as by the physico-chemical conditions of the primary water. The objective of this work is to study the impact of thermal and chemical conditions during transient phases of the reactor restart after the replacement of steam generator on the release and on the formation of oxides/hydroxides. Usually, tubes are tested under conditions of nominal primary chemistry at constant high temperature. To be as representative as possible of industrial conditions, this study is carried out on an industrial tube under the conditions characteristic of a reactor restart in an experimental test loop. Fine characterizations of the internal surface of the tube are performed before and after oxidation using several techniques as profilometry, Raman, SEM-EDS, SEM-EBSD, SEM-FIB, TEM, ToF-SIMS. The native oxide layer is formed of a very thin layer (1-2 nm) of oxidized matrix, without specific enrichment. During the restart, the most critical step for the release phenomenon is revealed from 170 ° C to 297 ° C. In fact, the majority of the metal is released into the fluid during this step. In addition, isothermal tests, between 25 °C and 325 °C, have shown that the most significant release is around 250 ° C. Up to 170 ° C, a thin layer of amorphous chromium oxide is formed by selective dissolution of iron and nickel. When the temperature rises, this chromium oxide layer is not stable enough to be protective and the diffusion phenomena are activated. At 325 ° C, the oxide does not exhibit any particular enrichment and corresponds to oxidized metal layer, an equilibrium is established and the rate of release reaches a pseudo-stationary regime
Gerardin, Jonathan. "Évaluation du transfert radiatif dans le coeur d'un Réacteur à Eau Pressurisée (REP) lors de la phase de renoyage d'un Accident de Perte de Réfrigérant Primaire (APRP)." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0145/document.
Full textWe developped a method of resolution of radiative transfer inside a medium of vapor-droplets surrounded by hot walls, in order to couple it with a simulation of the flow at the CFD scale. The scope is the study of the cooling of the core of nuclear reactor following a Loss Of Coolant Accident (LOCA). The problem of radiative transfer can be cut into two sub problems, one concerning the evaluation of the radiative properties of the medium and a second concerning the solution of the radiative transfer equation. The radiative properties of the droplets have been computed with the use of the Mie Theory and those of the vapor have been computed with a Ck model. The medium made of vapor and droplets is an absorbing, anisotropically scattering, emissive, non grey, non homogeneous medium. Hence, owing to the possible variations of the flow properties (diameter and volumetric fraction of the droplets, temperature and pressure of the vapor), the medium can be optically thin or thick. Consequently, a method is required which solves the radiative transfer accurately, with a moderate calculation time for all of these prerequisites. The IDA has been chosen, derived from the well-known P1-approximation. Its accuracy has been checked on academical cases found in the literature and by comparison with experimental data. Simulations of LOCA flows have been conducted taking account of the radiative transfer, evaluating the radiative fluxes and showing that radiative transfer influence cannot be neglected
Jaiswal, Vaibhav. "Obtention théorique et expérimentale des lois de diffusion thermique de l’eau légère." Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1R036/document.
Full textPrecise knowledge of light water thermal scattering cross section is important as it is the most widely used moderator in pressurized water reactors (PWRs) which operate at temperature around 550 K and pressure around 150 bar. In the thermal neutron energy region, the cross sections are governed by the structure and dynamics of the scattering material described by thermal scattering law (TSL). There is a need for reviewing the existing TSL evaluations and consequently performing new experiments, to develop new TSL evaluations valid for a large range of temperature and pressure conditions. To generate new TSL for light water, inelastic neutron scattering measurements were carried out at two time-of-flight (TOF) spectrometers, namely the IN4c and IN6, at the Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL), Grenoble, France. A corresponding set of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed to complement the experimental data using two classical interaction models for water namely, a flexible non-polarizable TIP4P/2005f and a rigid polarizable TCPE model. Frequency spectra obtained from both TOF experiment and MD simulations at different temperatures and pressures have been analyzed and new TSL evaluations have been developed. The performance of the newly developed TSL evaluations were tested on a series of differential, double differential and total cross section measurements available in the literature. For further verification and validation of the new TSL data, critical benchmarks available in the ICSBEP Handbook, sensitive to TSL have been used. The outcome of this study leads to a better interpretation of the impact of temperature and pressure on TSL in PWR applications
Durif, Charlotte. "Elaboration de membranes non-oxydes de type SiBC pour la maîtrise de la contamination dans les réacteurs à eau pressurisée." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT179/document.
Full textThis work has been focused on the development of ceramic membranes for the filtration of colloids resulting from corrosion in the primary loop of PWR. SiBC ceramics were synthesized by the preceramic polymers route from a polyborocarbosilane (PBC) obtained from allylhydridopolycarbosilane. Single-dispersed PMMA beads with a size of 1.5 and 0.3 μm were prepared to be used as a porogen agent to lead to a controlled porosity of the selective layer. 3D micro-cellular objects with a circular shape were developed by uni-axial pressing with the addition of commercial PMMA beads to serve as a macroporous support. A crystallinity study at high temperature (> 1000 ° C) was carried out showing its influence on the stability of the material. The selective layer was prepared by dip-coating from various slurry formulations containing PBC and the prepared PMMA beads. The chemical and physical stability of the microcellular supports was studied by ageing tests in a simulated primary water chemistry. The filtration resistance was tested by means of tests on a filtration device connected to a laboratory loop which simulates the conditions of the PWRs
Million-Picallion, Lisa. "Interactions magnétite-Al(III)-silice dans les conditions physico-chimiques des générateurs de vapeur des centrales nucléaires « REP »." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOU30246.
Full textIn the secondary circuit of Pressurized Water Reactors (PWR), interactions between magnetite and impurities lead to formation of hard deposits at the bottom of steam generator (SG). These deposits, called hard sludge, are able to deform SG tubes, causing enhanced Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC). Analysis of sludge pile deposits from plants has shown that the main constituents are magnetite, aluminum and silicon. The aim of this study is to determine what kinds of interactions between these species are able to form hard sludge in physicochemical SG conditions. In order to reproduce SG conditions (i. E. , aqueous medium at 275°C, basic pH and reductive potential), a dedicated experimental system based on hydrothermal reactor has been set up. The kinetics of thermal decomposition of hydrazine, injected in the secondary circuit to eliminate oxygen, was estimated in order to work in chemically steady-state medium. The continuous in situ pH and Eh monitoring was performed with high temperature probes. In this way, pH and Eh of two chemical conditionings (ethanolamine high pH and morpholine low pH) were established at 275°C. In order to investigate the process of hard sludge formation, the interaction between magnetite and aqueous impurities (aluminum and/or silica) were simulated in dedicated experiments. Aluminum is the most reactive element, both its solubility and the pH value of the medium control its behavior. Conversely, in flow-restricted areas, physicochemical conditions (temperature, pH, Eh) are impacted by oxides and high concentrations of impurities and differ from those present in SG bulk. On the basis of the hard sludge compositions found in plants, a second type of experiment has been implemented which considers the interaction between the main species in terms of oxides (magnetite, aluminum and silicon) in an uncontrolled medium. These tests have led to the generation of hardened aggregates resulting from the production of kaolinite and boehmite. Formation of secondary phases acts upon the pH medium and modifies the chemical activity of the interacting species
Leka, Gjergji. "Étude de l'accident d'éjection de grappe dans un REP 900 MWe recyclant du plutonium en pilotage mode gris." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112265.
Full textGuillemin, Perrine. "Recherche de la haute conversion en cycle thorium dans les réacteurs CANDU et REP : Développement des méthodes de simulation associées et étude de scénarios symbiotiques." Grenoble INPG, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPG0176.
Full textIn the frame of a sustainable nuclear energy, this study assesses Thorium-fueled CANDU and PWR competitiveness to reduce access difficulties to cheap uranium resources and Gen. IV cost and availability problems. It focuses on neutronic analysis of two thorium fuel management options : 233U production from Th/Pu fuels and 233U conversion in these reactors. In particular, breeding in multirecycled Th/U CANDU has been established. Before this work, simulation methods and nuclear data have been validated by cross-checking two different types of codes (probabilistic and deterministic). Symbiotic scenarios, with various reactor and fuel combinations have been evaluated and compared. Resources savings have been quantified through core slight modifications. Deeper modifications towards breeding in PWR have been proposed and preliminarily studied
Moeglen, Magali. "Modification de la réactivité de surface d'un alliage base nickel afin de limiter le relâchement du nickel en milieu primaire des réacteurs à eau pressurisée." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAI099/document.
Full textSteam generator tubes in pressurized water reactors (PWR) are made of nickel based alloy and represent nearly 75 % of the primary coolant loop surface. Due to generalized corrosion phenomena, nickel cations are released in the primary loop water. After neutron flux exposure in the reactor core, nickel cations can turn into radioactive products, such as 58Co. If carried through the circuit, these radioactive products precipitate and contaminate the loop, making maintenance more difficult.The present study goal is to form a very protective scale on the Alloy 690 surface by a pre-oxidation treatment performed at 700 °C. The impact of different parameters such as oxygen partial pressures of the gaz used during high temperature oxidation (low P(O2)=10 -6 bar or high P(O2)=0.2 bar) and the initial surface state of the sample (cold-worked or surface roughness) is studied. To minimize nickel cation release, the scale obtained must be continuous, homogeneous, rich in chromium and nickel free. The oxidation kinetics, studied using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), show the existence of parabolic law independent of P(O2). The sample's surface aspect, observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), is similar for all P(O2). Top views show a preferential chromium oxidation along the grain boundaries and the formation of a chromium rich oxide scale, confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and glow discharge optical emission spectrometry (GDOES); cross sectional views of the material exhibit holes beneath the oxide corresponding with the alloy's grain boundaries. The latter observation and an inert marking test with gold plots suggest a cationic growth of the oxide scale. X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicates the presence of chromia (Cr2O3) for low and high P(O2). For low P(O2), a Mn and Cr spinel is observed near the outer surface. For higher P(O2), a similar spinel layer is made up of Ni, Fe, Mn and Cr.Pretreatment conditions set to be applied on alloy 690 can be proposed thanks to the data collected. Samples, pretreated that way, are tested in simulated primary medium water and their nickel release is clearly cropping compared to non-thermaly-treated samples
Poulain, Thibault. "Fatigue oligocyclique d'un acier inoxydable austénitique 304L : influence de l'état de surface et de signaux de chargement en milieu eau primaire REP." Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ESMA0011/document.
Full textThe fatigue design of Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) components takes into account many parameters suchas the surface finish, the scale effects, the material variability, etc. To optimise this design, it is necessary tounderstand the role of those parameters and to identify their possible interactions with PWR waterenvironment.This work is focused on the low cycle fatigue behaviour of a 304L austenitic stainless steel in threeenvironments, namely vacuum, air and PWR water, through fatigue lifetimes, cracking mechanisms and crackgrowth characterisations. In addition, the roles of both surface finish (polished or ground) and load signal form(triangular signals with different strain rates or complex signals representative of successive thermal shocks)were investigated.The PWR water environment causes a fatigue life reduction and a crack propagation rate enhancement,regardless of surface finish or load signal shape. The deleterious effect of ground surface finish observed onfatigue life is explained by means of interrupted tests through qualitative and quantitative damage analysis. Theimportance of the crack geometry is revealed by fractographic characterisations and its integration inpropagation laws is used to account for fatigue life reductions induced by ground surface finish. Finally thesignal shape effects on cyclic behaviour, damage kinetics and fatigue life are discussed. The influence of theposition of the low strain rate parts within a complex cycle is analysed taking into account the time of crackexposure to the environment
Lelong, Franck. "Expérimentation, modélisation et simulation de l'impact de gouttes d'eau sur le gainage gonflé des assemblages d'un coeur de REP en situation d'ARP." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN10102/document.
Full textIn a pressurized water reactor (PWR), during a Loss Of Coolant Accident (LOCA), liquid water evaporates and the fuel assemblies are not cooled anymore; as a consequence, the temperature rises to such an extent that some parts of the fuel assemblies can be deformed resulting in ’ballooned regions’. When reflooding occurs, the cooling of these partially blocked parts of the fuel assemblies will depend on the coolant flow that is a mixture of overheated vapour and undersaturated droplets. The aim of this thesis is to study the heat transfer between droplets and hot walls of the fuel rods. In this purpose, an experimental device has been designed in accordance with droplets and wall features (droplet velocity and diameter, wall temperature) representative of LOCA conditions. The cooling of a hot Nickel disk, previously heated by induction, is cooled down by a stream of monodispersed droplet. The rear face temperature profiles are measured by infrared thermography. Then, the estimation of wall heat flux is performed by an inverse conduction technique from these infrared images. The effect of droplet dynamical properties (diameter, velocity …) on the heat flux is studied. These experimental datas allow us to validate an analytical model of heat exchange between droplet and hot slab. This model is based on combined dynamical and thermal considerations. On the one hand, the droplet dynamics is considered through a spring analogy in order to evaluate the evolution of droplet features such as the spreading diameter when the droplet is squeezed over the hot surface. On the other hand, thermal parameters, such as the thickness of the vapour cushion beneath the droplet, are determined from an energy balance. In the short term, this model will be integrated in a CFD code (named NEPTUNE_CFD) to simulate the cooling of a reactor core during a LOCA, taking into account the droplet/wall heat exchange
Muller, Florian. "Etude hydraulique et statistique d'écoulements métastables en faisceaux d'assemblage REP." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0588/document.
Full textThe analysis of fuel rod bundle flows constitute a key element of pressurized-water reactors safety studies. Indeed, an insufficient flow thermal mixing can lead to a boiling crisis, which is nefarious for the reactor safety. Numerous studies have shown the existence of reorganisation phenomena in the flow large-scale structures. This thesis work aims at improving our understanding of these phenomena, with the long-term goal of developing small-scales models suited for this type of flow. A bibliographic study has brought to light the challenges faced by simulations attempting to capture these phenomena, as well as various questions regarding their physical meaning. 3D simulations have been performed in order to study this flow ; they allowed to identify two reorganisation mechanisms for the large-scale structures consisting in a sign change for either a transverse velocity in rod-to-rod gaps or for a subchannel vortex. It appeared relevant to adopt a Taylor hypothesis in order to consider the evolution of large-scale 3D structures as transported-2D. A statistical method has then been applied to the 2D field in order to determine its thermodynamically-stable states in geometries with obstacles using the resolution of an optimization problem with a numerical calculation tool. Interesting similarities have been obtained between the PWR coherent structures and the stable states in a simplified 2D geometry. Further, 2D numerical simulations allowed to identify two different possible flow bifurcations. A parallel is drawn between these bifurcations and the two reorganizations observed in 3D simulations, laying the foundations for a physical explanation of this phenomenon
Dario, Pieck. "Optimisation de l'utilisation du gadolinium comme poison consommable dans le combustible nucléaire : Vers un REP sans bore." Phd thesis, Aix-Marseille Université, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00951801.
Full textSaikouk, Hajar. "Imagerie par microscopie acoustique haute résolution en profondeur de la surface interne d'une gaine de crayon combustible de type REP." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTS101/document.
Full textPressurized Water Reactor (PWR) fuel rods are made of ceramic pellets (UO2,(U,Pu)O2 or gadolinium fuel) assembled in a zirconium alloy cladding tube. By design, an initial gap, filled with helium, exists between these two elements. However during irradiation this gap decreases gradually, on the one hand, owing to a variation in cladding diameter, due to creepdown caused by pressure from the coolant, and, on the other hand, increased pellet diameter, due to thermal expansion, and swelling. In hot conditions, during the second or third cycle of irradiation, the pellet/cladding gap is closed. However, during the return to cooler conditions, the gap can reopen. At a high burnup (generally beyond the 3rd cycle of irradiation) an inner zirconia layer of the order of 10 to 15 $mu$m is developed by oxidation leading to a chemical bonding between the pellet and the cladding. This bonding layer may contribute to a non-reopening of the pellet-cladding gap.Currently, only destructive examinations, after cutting fuel rods, allow the visualization of this area, however, they require a preliminary preparation of the samples in a hot cell. This limits the number of tests and measurements on the fuel rods. In this context, the Institute of Electronic and Systems of Montpellier University (IES - UMR CNRS 5214), in collaboration with the Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Electricité de France (EDF) and Framatome, is developing a high frequency acoustic microscope adapted to the control and imaging of the pellet/cladding interface by taking into account the complexity of the structure's cladding which has a tubular form. Because the geometrical, chemical and mechanical nature of the contact interface is neither axially nor radially homogeneous, the ultrasonic system must allow the acquisition of 2D images of this interface by means of controlled displacements of the sample rod along both its axis and its circumference. The final objective of the designed acoustic microscope is to be introduced in hot cells
Pitiot, Pascal. "Caractérisation par trajectographie tridimensionnelle du mélange dans un réacteur agité." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPL080N.
Full textThis work deals with the utility of a lagrangian approach for flows and mixing characterisation. This novel approach fills the gap between complete eulerian descriptions and global systemic methods. Using two CCD cameras, it consists in tracking over a long period (twenty minutes to one hour) the displacements of a small particle (diameter: 2 mm) that is supposed to be a perfect passive tracer of the fluid. After image analysis, the threedimensional trajectory can be reconstructed. The trajectory represents a compact but high amount of information. Thus, this information is analysed thanks to a series of tools, which are more or less linked with usual mixing parameters : velocity properties, fluid homogenization, spatial and temporal trajectories structures. This characterisation is applied to turbulent flows (three different impellers, effect of rotation speed and their vertical position), viscous newtonian fluids (influence of both viscosity and rotation speed, as proposed by the Reynolds number definition) and non-newtonian fluids (existence of cavities and modification of flows structure with operating conditions). Those applications underscore the capacities of the trajectography method to characterise mixing processes and to classify several agitation configurations. At last, through an investigation on the flow in an open reactor, the Residence Time Distribution (RTD) obtained with the particle is compared to the usual molecular RTD. Moreover, this last application of trajectography contributes to the illustration of the Trajectory Length Distribution (TLD) concept and leads to a comparison between RTD and TLD
Pisapia, Stéphane [Jérémy]. "Etude du comportement vibratoire non-linéaire d'un assemblage combustible de réacteur à eau pressurisée." Aix-Marseille 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX22021.
Full textThis study is in the scope of Pressurized Water Reactors (P. W. R. ) core response calculations in the field of seismic studies. The aim of this work is to characterize experimentally the PWR fuel assembly non-linear vibratory behavior. The model obtained must be global with a few degree of freedom in order to be integrated in the calculation of the core response to seismic excitation
Courtin, Fanny. "Etude de l’incinération du plutonium en REP MOX sur support d’uranium enrichi avec le code de simulation dynamique du cycle CLASS." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IMTA0044/document.
Full textNuclear fuel cycle simulation codes are used to evaluate fuel cycle future strategies and understand the nuclear fuel cycle physics. In the context of uncertainty related to the future of French nuclear fleet, especially on theSodium Fast Reactor (SFR) deployment, the present work aims to study alternative solutions for plutonium and heavy isotopes management, based on Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR). Two hypothesis have been formulated to identify strategies. First, a delay has been expected in SFR deployment which induces a stabilization of plutonium inventory before SFR integration. The second hypothesis is based on the assumption that SFR won’t be deployed in France. For this specific case, a plutonium incineration strategy has been studied to quantify the PWR plutonium inventory reduction capacity. Fuel cycle simulations are performed using the fuel cycle simulator CLASS developed by the CNRS/IN2P3 in collaboration with IRSN. Plutonium multi-reprocessing in thermal reactor requires an innovative fuel. Developments have been made to simulate a fuel composed of MOX on enriched uranium support. An innovative methodology for fuel cycle simulation evaluation, based on Global Sensitivity Analysis, has been applied. This methodology leads to reference scenarios identification for plutonium and minor actinides inventories stabilization and reduction. Fuel cycle detailed simulations have been performed to produce fuel cycle data, to analyze PWR plutonium management at the cycle scale
Boursier, Jean-Marie. "Fissuration par corrosion sous contrainte des alliages fer-nickel-chrome en milieu primaire de réacteur à eau sous pression." Bordeaux 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR10530.
Full textGarnier, Nadine. "Modélisation des lits de débris pouvant apparaître lors d'un accident grave survenant sur un réacteur à eau pressurisée." Aix-Marseille 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX22008.
Full textVerdier, Aude Chevarier Alain. "Évaluation de la sous-criticité lors des opérations de chargement d'un réacteur nucléaire REP." Villeurbanne : Université Claude Bernard, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/04/82/18/PDF/tel-00009682.pdf.
Full textAujollet, Yvan. "Etude des interactions chimiques iode-peinture dans un réacteur nucléaire (réacteur à eau pressurisée) en situation d'accident grave." Aix-Marseille 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX30085.
Full textMansour, Carine. "Spéciation des espèces soufrées dans les générateurs de vapeur des centrales nucléaires à réacteur à eau sous pression." Phd thesis, Paris 6, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005107.
Full textHamdani, Fethi. "Improvement of the corrosion and oxidation resistance of Ni-based alloys by optimizing the chromium content." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAL0012/document.
Full textThis fundamental study is focused on the understanding of the influence of the chemical composition of Ni-based alloys on their corrosion and oxidation mechanisms. This work is not dedicated for a particular application. It is well known for instance that Ni-based alloys are susceptible to intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC) in primary water. Thus, Alloy600 (Ni-16Cr-9Fe), used in steam generator (SG) tubing, was replaced by higher chromium content material Alloy690 (Ni-30Cr-9Fe). This later shows a better resistance to IGSCC which may be linked to the growth of more protective oxide layer as chromium content is increased to 30 wt.%. The main goal of this study is to investigate: i) the influence of chromium content, ii) impact of iron addition on the corrosion and oxidation resistance of Ni-based alloys in primary water and superheated steam at 700°C. Furthermore, analytical approach in acidic solution is conducted at room temperature. This allowed to establish a relationship between alloying elements and physical properties of the oxide layers. For this purpose, Ni-xCr (14 ≤ x≤ 30 wt.%), Ni-xCr-8Fe (x=14,22 and 30 wt.%) model alloys and industrial material Alloy600 have been studied. To characterize the oxide scales, conventional technics were used: SEM, STEM, EDX, Potentiodynamic, EIS, Chronoamperometry, Mott-Schottky. Furthermore, steam oxidation kinetics was evaluated by means of weight gain measurements. To uncouple the effect of surface cold-work and the chemical composition of the base metal, mirror and electro polishing were carried out. In primary water, critical chromium content (20 wt.%), which corresponds to the minimum amount of chromium required to the transition from non-protective to protective and compact Cr-oxide layer, is determined. However, the analytical approach, using electrochemical technics, at room temperature elucidated the existence of optimum chromium content (26 wt.%) in terms of corrosion resistance. In superheat steam, oxidation kinetics and oxide scale characteristics showed the existence of optimum chromium content (24 wt.%) in terms of oxidation resistance. The corrosion and oxidation resistance is degraded as chromium content was increased more than optimal amount. Iron addition (8 wt.%) had a detrimental effect on the protectivess of the resulting oxide scales. Finally, this study showed that optimizing of chromium content is more appropriate method for enhancing corrosion and oxidation resistance, that increasing chromium content to high level is not necessary beneficial to those parameters. This work provides a useful knowledge to design new alternative materials. For this purpose, more investigations should be conducted to test other parameters such as: weldability, fabricability, thermal conductivity,etc
Zhang, Jianhong. "Hydruration du Zircaloy-4 et étude de la distribution de l'hydrogène dans une gaine de combustible REP /." Gif-sur-Yvette : Commissariat à l'énergie atomique, 1993. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35581754p.
Full textNurdin, Martias. "Réacteur à eau sous pression de 1300 MWe : amélioration de la représentation des assemblages et du calcul des absorbants." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112164.
Full textNicolas, Pascal. "Contribution du glissement intergranulaire à l'endommagement par corrosion sous contrainte des alliages de nickel en milieu primaire de réacteur à eau sous pression." Grenoble INPG, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INPG0055.
Full textPetit, François. "Ébullition en milieu poreux et renoyage d'un lit de débris de réacteur nucléaire." Paris, ENSAM, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ENAM0015.
Full textZacharie, Isabelle. "Traitements thermiques de l'oxyde d'uranium irradié dans un réacteur à eau pressurisée (R. E. P. ) : gonflement et relâchement des gaz de fission." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ECAP0514.
Full textGraff, Anaïs. "Solubilité et cinétique de réaction de l'oxyde de nickel dans les conditions du circuit primaire d'un réacteur à eau sous pression." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30254/document.
Full textThis work focuses on the nickel oxide phase (NiO) and the behavior in solution of its ionic form Ni2+. The solubility of nickel oxide has been determined at high temperature and pressure by the use of a flow through cell reactor specially designed to perform measurements in the conditions of the primary circuit. Because the solubility of nickel is very low at 300°C and pH>7, a new method for the determination of ultra-traces nickel concentrations in lithium/boron medium by ICP-MS coupled with a desolvator system nebulizer has been developed and validated by the statistical approach of accuracy profiles. The complexation of nickel by the (poly)borates has been also studied. Based on the experimental results and aqueous speciation modeling, the evolution of pH showed the existence of significant nickel-boron complexation. A neutral complex NiB3O4(OH)3 was postulated at high boric acid concentrations when polyborates are present, and the equilibrium constants were determined at 25, 50 and 70°C. The associated thermodynamics data have also been determined. Dissolution rates of nickel oxide have been measured in hydrochloric acid and in boric acid media up to 100°C and pH 6. Results showed that boric acid inhibits the dissolution rates of NiO and this phenomenon is enhanced by the temperature and the concentration of boron. The formation of a surface complex was postulated to explain this effect
Laghoutaris, Pierre. "Corrosion sous contrainte de l'alliage 600 en milieu primaire des réacteurs à eau sous pression : apport à la compréhension des mécanismes." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00407846.
Full textA partir des résultats obtenus à l'aide du traçage isotopique de l'hydrogène et de l'oxygène couplé à l'utilisation de différentes techniques d'analyse complémentaires, il a été proposé un nouveau modèle de mécanisme de fissuration basé sur la formation d'oxyde de chrome aux joints de grains de l'alliage. Ce modèle permet de prendre en compte le rôle des paramètres liés au matériau (taux de défauts, déformation, type de joint de grain) et au milieu (teneur en hydrogène, température) qui influeraient sur les cinétiques de diffusion de l'oxygène dans l'oxyde aux joints de grains de l'alliage et du chrome aux joints de grains de l'alliage.
Hourdequin, Nicolas. "Contribution à la modélisation du comportement mécanique des combustibles REP sous irradiation, avec en particulier le traitement de l'interaction pastille-gaine dans un crayon combustible /." Gif-sur-Yvette : Service de documentation et d'édition multimédia, Centre d'études de Saclay, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35814024m.
Full textPieraccini, Michel. "Contribution à la vérification et à l'amélioration des modèles d'oxydation d'un coeur de réacteur à eau pressurisée lors d'un accident grave." Aix-Marseille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX11005.
Full textBarale, Morgan. "Etude du comportement des particules colloidales dans les conditions physico-chimiques du circuit primaire des réacteurs à eau sous pression." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066439.
Full textEDF wants to understand, model and limit primary circuit contamination of Pressurized Water Reactors by colloidal particles resulting from corrosion. The electrostatic behaviour of representative oxide particles (cobalt ferrite, nickel ferrite and magnetite) has been studied in primary circuit conditions with the influence of boric acid and lithium hydroxide. The isoelectric point (IEP) and the point of zero charge (PZC) of particles, measured between 5°C and 320°C, exhibit a minimum towards 200°C. The thermodynamic constants of the protonation equilibrium of surface sites were calculated. When boric acid is added, zeta potential and IEP decrease because of borate ions sorption. On the contrary, there is not effect of lithium ions. The modelling of these results under conditions representative of primary circuit shows that these oxides exhibit a negative surface charge, explaining their sorption and adhesion behaviour
Hourdequin, Nicolas. "Contribution à la modélisation du comportement mécanique des combustibles REP sous irradiation, avec en particulier le traitement de l'interaction pastille-gaine dans un crayon combustible." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ECAP0408.
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