Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Réacteur à lit fixe'
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Deydier, Alexandre. "Modélisation d’un réacteur de gazéification a lit fixe." Thesis, Pau, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PAUU3012/document.
Full textOne of the thematics of the “Laboratoire Thermique Energétique et Procédés de Pau” is the study and the valorization of waste as pyrolysis, combustion and gasification for example. In this context, this work deals with modeling of heat, mass and momentum transport in a multiphase multi components reactive medium for a fixed bed gasifier. Conservation equations are first written for each phase. The macroscopic partial differential equations are expressed by integrating these microscopic conservation laws over a representative volume. This change of scale, described in this work, leads to a homogeneous system of equations. This model is applied to the case of the gasification of waste process of the Europlasma company named CHO-Power. The unsteady two-dimensional simulations of the problem allowed to highlight the different mechanisms present during the process and a number of locks in obtaining convergence path leading to the steady state
Azgui, Samira. "Comparaison des performances catalytiques entre un réacteur à lit fixe et un réacteur à lit fluidisé : application à la réduction des oxydes d'azote." Compiègne, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997COMP1036.
Full textMartinov, Martin. "Bioconversion, hydrodynamiques et transfert de matière dans un réacteur à lit fixe fibreux." Lorient, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LORIS182.
Full textIn the past twenty years, the technologies using fixed bacteria have developed greatly in the field of wastewater treatment. The bacterial biofilm technique can meet the industrial requirements, such as high flow rate, reduced reactor volume and process stability, etc. A study of published information on biofilms and conditions of their formation has been accomplished and is shown in Chapter 1 "Literature survey". The factors affecting the initial attachment of cells and development of biofilm and the detachment of cells were investigated as well as the methods for studying the influence of these factors. Materials used as supports for biofilm formation and bioreactors, working with biofilms were reviewed. Following the research results described in Chapter 1, the main objective of the present work has been posed as follows: To perform a study to extend the options and techniques for technical-scale biofilm utilization by uncovering the properties of a new polyethylene-vinyl-acetate co-polymer support for biofilms as well as the characteristics of a technical scale reactor for its use. Due to the wide variety of biofilm applications, the study has been limited to the aspect of waste water treatment. The objective posed is requiring resolving the tasks related to study of PEVA properties influencing on the attachment of cells and the development of biofilm, and to feasibility study on PEVA to operate technically in bed, selection of the technical form and appropriate unit – a biofilm reactor - to operate the particular biofilms and characterization of the biofilm reactor performance. Solving these tasks requires the use of different techniques, methods and materials described in details in Chapter 3 "Materials and Methods". To determine the various parameters of the materials and processes, unique techniques were used such as scanning electron microscopy; epifluorescence microscopy, infrared microspectroscopy, spectrophotometry. Also conventional techniques and methods were used for measuring the physicochemical parameters of the materials and medias such as contact angle and surface free energy, viscosity, density and the parameters of technological processes namely hydrodynamics, mass transfer rate, gas hold up and bubble size distribution. Results and comments on them are presented in Chapter "Results and discussion. " Surface characteristics of the microorganisms and series of supports were examined. PEVA material was selected as a support and was tested for biofilm formation. It was found that the polymer network of PEVA material is a suitable medium for the development of biofilm. The effectiveness of the immobilized and free cells in flasks and in a reactor with fibrous fixed bed was studied. Also the influences of the extreme chemical and thermal disturbance as well as the influence of the dilution rate were examined. It is found that on a fibrous fixed bed made from PEVA material, stable biofilms were developing, suggesting that this bed is suitable for use in semi-industrial and industrial bioreactors. Some characteristics of the reactor with fibrous fixed bed, namely, residence time distribution, gas hold-up, bubble size distribution and gas-liquid mass transfer coefficient were determined. The values of parameters studied were determined and the results were compared to previous data of other authors. Some empirical correlations between these characteristics and various parameters as gas and liquid velocity, physicochemical properties of the medium and height of the bed packing are proposed. The deviation between experimental and predicted values is within 15 %. In general, we established that the biofilm reactor with fixed bed with medium recycle designed to incorporate the fibrous packing (PEVA) shows stable operation in continuous mode and it is suitable for use in the field of wastewater treatment
Rolland, Matthieu. "Des limites à la réduction d'échelle en réacteur de test catalytique en lit fixe?" Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10142/document.
Full textIn order to lower costs, testing of catalytic pellets (spheres or extrudates) is performed in ever smaller fixed bed reactors whereas catalytic pellet size is unchanged. The object of this thesis is to explore domains where downsizing leads to new questions in terms of physics, repeatability and modeling. The thesis is built in 5 chapters, 1) a detailed introduction of the context and a review of the literature on small fixed bed reactors, 2) a discussion about flow patterns in fixed beds filled with fine powder where capilary effects are not negligible, 3) a presentation of a methodology to assess the impact of sampling small number of pellets out of a non uniform set and results for internally mass transfer limited reactions, 4) a study of the effect of randomness in fixed beds first through a pore network model with a good ability to predict trends but lacking accuracy, then using direct numerical simulation of a reactive flow in fixed beds made of 8 cylinders arranged in several configuration showing that packing effects occur, concurrently with external mass transfer limitations, when cross flow diffusion is not fast enough to level out convection and reaction induced gradients, 5) a conclusion that summarizes design criteria and offers a few perspectives for R&D in downsizing
Colli, Serrano Maria Teresa, and Gabriel Wild. "Hydrodynamique et transfert de chaleur dans un réacteur à lit fixe gaz-liquide-solide." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPL098N.
Full textDória, Silva Humberto. "Étude de la répartition de la lumière dans un réacteur photocathalitique solaire." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPL119N.
Full textLéonard, Stéphan. "Synthèse de Fischer-Tropsch en réacteur à alimentations séparées." Compiègne, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001COMP1359.
Full textGutsche, Stephan. "Transfert de chaleur dans un réacteur à lit fixe à cocourant ascendant de gaz et de liquide." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPL026N.
Full textRode, Sabine. "Analyse spatio-temporelle des phénomènes hydrodynamiques et de transfert de matière au sein d'un réacteur à lit fixe opérant en écoulement monophasique de liquide ou en co-courant vers le bas de gaz et de liquide : mise en œuvre de la technique des microsondes électrochimiques." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPL093N.
Full textTorres, Torres José Gilberto. "L'Oxydation par Voie Humide (OVH) à l'oxygène moléculaire dans un réacteur tubulaire catalytique à lit fixe automatisé." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066322.
Full textBaussaron, Loïc. "Étude du mouillage partiel et du transfert de matière liquide-solide en réacteur à lit fixe arrosé." Toulouse, INPT, 2005. https://hal.science/tel-04581826.
Full textThe topic of this work is the investigation of trickle beds in conditions of partial wetting, more precisely the measurement of the wetting efficiency, f, and of the liquid-solid mass transfer coefficient kLS, for low liquid flow-rates. Firstly, a local study, involving a bidimensional mock-up, has allowed to identify the key-mechanisms and to underline the major effect of liquid-solid affinity on wetting. A detailed literature survey of the different measurement techniques of f has led to identify the best technique for our experimental conditions: tracer method. A second method, more original, has been developed, coupling colorimetric evaluation and image processing. The sensitivity analysis, carried out with these two techniques, shows the influence of bed pre-wetting, liquid distribution, and liquid superficial velocity on f. It confirms also the major effect of liquid-solid affinity. A predicting model has been proposed. Finally, the measurements of kLS, carried out by dissolution of a low soluble solid, prove that kLS depends strongly on local liquid film velocity and weakly on gas velocity
Courtais, Alexis. "Conceptions optimales de réacteurs à lit fixe par fabrication additive." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0003.
Full textThis thesis is a prospective work which aims to apply in Chemical Engineering shape optimization methods developed in other areas of engineering. The first part of this work is dedicated to the development of a shape optimization method to determine the optimal configuration of a two-dimensional packed reactor with a single phase liquid flow. The developed method is then applied to determine the shape of the reactor packing that minimizes the energy dissipation in the fluid due to viscous friction, the average outlet concentration of reactant, or both simultaneously using multi-objective optimization. The optimal configurations determined are satisfactory and allow a significant improvement of the conversion rate or the energy losses in the reactor. In a second part, an experimental campaign was carried out in order to validate the CFD simulation performed by OpenFOAM software, required by the developed shape optimization approach and modeling the fluid flow and reactions involved in the reactor. For this purpose, scale 1 prototypes of the initial and optimal reactors have been manufactured by 3D printing in order to experiment them. The experimental campaign is based on 3 measurement techniques, the PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry), the measurement of RTD (Residence Time Distribution) and the measurement of the conversion rate at the reactor outlet. Finally, it has been shown that the optimization of the reactor in its 2D form allows a significant improvement of its performance even if the determined configuration is probably sub-optimal. Indeed, after comparing the experimental measurements with 2D and 3D simulations, it has been found that the 3D simulation is more representative of reality than the 2D simulation. Thus, optimizing the reactor in its 3D form would be an interesting perspective for the future works, provided the problem of constraints related to the reactor additive manufacturing step is fixed
Haid, Jürgen. "Recherches sur un procédé de conversion catalytique de méthane en hydrocarbures supérieurs." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPL113N.
Full textBellut, Maxime. "Fonctionnement d'un réacteur catalytique à lit fixe arrosé en régime cyclique pour l'oxydation du dioxyde de soufre sur charbon actif." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10381.
Full textNaderifar, Abbas. "Étude expérimentale locale et globale du transfert de matière liquide/solide à la paroi d'un réacteur à lit fixe." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPL149N.
Full textLegros, Fanny. "Étude phénoménologique et modélisation des mécanismes d'oxydation et d'adsorption d'impuretés gazeuses en hélium : application à l'optimisation du système de purification d'un réacteur à caloporteur gaz." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPL106N/document.
Full textIn GEN IV studies on future fission nuclear reactors, two concepts using helium as a coolant have been selected: GFR and VHTR. Among radioactive impurities and dusts, helium can contain H2, CO, CH4, CO2, H2O, O2, as well as nitrogenous species. To optimize the reactor functioning and lifespan, it is necessary to control the coolant chemical composition using a dedicated purification system. A pilot designed at the CEA allows studying this purification system. Its design includes three unit operations: H2 and CO oxidation on CuO, then two adsorption steps. This study aims at providing a detailed analysis of the first and second purification steps, which have both been widely studied experimentally at laboratory scale. A first modelling based on a macroscopic approach was developed to represent the behaviour of the reactor and has shown that the CuO fixed bed conversion is dependent on the chemistry (mass transfer is not an issue) and is complete. The results of the structural analysis of the solids allow considering the CuO as particles made of 200 nm diameter grains. Hence, a new model at grain scale is proposed. It is highlighted that the kinetic constants from these two models are related with a scale factor which depends on geometry. A competition between carbon monoxide and hydrogen oxidation has been shown. Activation energies are around 30 kJ.mol-1. Simulation of the simultaneous oxidations leads to consider CO preferential adsorption. A similar methodology has been applied for CO2 and H2O adsorption. The experimental isotherms showed a Langmuir type adsorption. Using this model, experimental and theoretical results agree
Ellman, Michael John. "Caractéristiques des réacteurs triphasés à lit fixe fonctionnant à co-courant vers le bas." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10265.
Full textTahraoui, Karim. "Hydrodynamique, transferts de matière, mise en œuvre et modélisation d'une réaction catalytique dans un réacteur triphasé Verlifix muni d'un venturi à jet." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPL034N.
Full textTry, Rasmey. "Étude expérimentale et modélisation dynamique d'un réacteur catalytique modulaire pour l'hydrogénation du CO2 en méthane." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1038/document.
Full textThis work is within the Power-to-Gas framework, which aims to store the electrical energy surpluses from renewable energy in chemicals, here the methane. The intermittency of the electrical production requires the methanation system to have a certain level of flexibility with respect to temporal changes of operational conditions. In this context, the work carried out during this thesis is dedicated to the study of the dynamic behavior of a catalytic fixed-bed heat-exchanger methanation reactor. A reactor-exchanger highly equipped with thermocouples is designed and is used for the experimental study of the performances and the dynamics behavior of such a reactor. In particular, phenomena of thermal wave fronts, overshoot and inverse responses are found. The hydrodynamic and thermal parameters of the bed have been experimentally characterized. Modeling of the reactor-exchanger is also established and simulations of the reactor behavior are done. The experimental results are compared with the simulation results, allowing the precise analysis of the behaviors observed in the reactor
Ould-Mame, Sidi Mohamed. "Contribution au génie de la dégradation photocatalytique de polluants organiques de l'eau sur TiO₂ en lit fixe." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPL101N.
Full textNicolaus, Nathalie. "Hydrogénation du glucose en réacteur triphasique continu sur catalyseurs au nickel et au ruthénium." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10019.
Full textLatifi, Abderrazak. "Analyse globale et locale des phénomènes de transfert de matière liquide-solide dans un réacteur à lit fixe fonctionnant à co-courant vers le bas de gaz et de liquide." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10042.
Full textSahban-Kifani, Fatima. "Étude et modélisation d'un réacteur catalytique triphasé Verlifix en vue de son optimisation." Compiègne, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987COMPD080.
Full textVergel, Hernandez César A. "Les Réacteurs catalytiques à lit fixe avec écoulement de gaz et de liquide : comparaison sur le plan théorique et expérimental de la performance du réacteur dans différents sens d'écoulement." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1993. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1993_VERGEL_HERNANDEZ_C_A.pdf.
Full textCaravieilhes, Sylvain. "Isomérisation des alcools allyliques : catalyse moléculaire biphasique et cinétique en réacteur transitoire chromatographique." Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO10298.
Full textFassouane, Abdelaziz. "Mise en oeuvre de déshydrogénases dans un réacteur électrochimique de régénération du NAD." Compiègne, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989COMPD203.
Full textElectrochemical regeneration of NAD was performed at a laboratory preparative scale to illustrate both efficiency and intrinsic simplicity of execution of electrochemical method. A powerful plug-flow reactor was realized with a flow through graphite felt electrode, the ratio of the effective area of electrode/volume of reactor increased up to 380 cm²/cm3. This graphite felt electrode was able to oxidize NADH coenzyme at a very low overvoltage. On the example of the gluconic acid production catalyzed by glucose dehydrogenase, current as high as 0. 1 Ampere was obtained in experience where enzymatic activity was the main limitation. In confirmation of our previous works, the results show that the yield of NADH electrochemical oxidation is better than 99. 95%
Lara, Marquez Alejandro. "Les réacteurs à lit fixe à co-courant vers le haut de gaz et de liquide : étude du transfert de matière gaz-liquide." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPL138N.
Full textLlamas, Juan David. "Étude expérimentale de la maldistribution des fluides dans un réacteur à lit fixe en écoulement à co-courant descendant de gaz et de liquide." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPL006N/document.
Full textThree different measuring techniques were used to study the fluid distribution inside a trickle-bed reactor: the wire mesh tomography, the liquid collector and a set of thermistors. The liquid collector and specially the wire mesh tomography, whose first application in trickle bed reactors is described here, yielded interesting results concerning the influence of variables such as the initial liquid distribution, the loading method and the fluid flow rates on liquid maldistribution. Among the main observations, the study illustrates the importance of well defining liquid maldistribution in terms of the measured quantity and prompts to some caution when referring to some “normally accepted facts” like the advantages in terms of liquid distribution obtained when increasing the gas flow rate (which depends, according to this study, on the quality of initial liquid distribution) or when using a dense loading of the catalyst (the hypothesis according to which, compared with a sock loading, dense loading favors radial dispersion was not verified by the study). Also, a study performed under high interaction conditions showed the intimate relationship between the inlet distribution and the flow regime observed inside the reactor
Tandjigora, Diénaba. "Etude des phénomènes d’adsorption et de désorption du trans-resvératrol sur polymères : études en réacteur fermé et sur colonne à lit fixe." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066735.
Full textResveratrol is a polyphenol produced by several plant species in response to a biotic or abiotic stress. This compound has been associated to the concept of French paradox, which reflects the reduction of heart diseases with red wine consumption. The resveratrol has several biological activities related to its antioxidant property. Because of this, the recovery of resveratrol from plant matrices is interesting, especially from wine which is an important dietary source. In this thesis, adsorption and desorption studies have been conducted on pure resveratrol solutions to evaluate the process feasibility. The results showed that polyamide 6. 6 has good adsorption capacity and allowed resveratrol recovery. Batch adsorption studies showed that the process follows an exothermic and physical multilayer adsorption. The solute is adsorbed via mono-sites and bi-sites hydrogen bonds. A desorption yield of 97% was obtained for 34 mL of a solvent containing 95% of ethanol at a temperature of 42°C. In addition, the process can be performed at room temperature and wine can be used without any further transformation. Finally, a preliminary study suggested an effective adsorption and rapid desorption using a fixed-bed column. The development of this technique will require further investigations
Sabiri, Nour-Eddine. "Etude de l'écoulement des fluides newtoniens et non newtoniens à travers les milieux poreux : lits fixes et lits fluidisés." Nantes, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NANT2052.
Full textPitault, Isabelle. "Modélisation du craquage catalytique de distillats sous vide : modèle cinétique basé sur une description moléculaire." Poitiers, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994POIT2296.
Full textKiared, Karim. "Étude et analyse de la réaction d'oxydation du dioxyde de soufre (so#2) dans un réacteur triphasé du type verlifix." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPL041N.
Full textLlamas, Juan-David. "Etude expérimentale de la maldistribution des fluides dans un réacteur à lit fixe en écoulement co-courant descendant de gaz et de liquide." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine - INPL, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00376283.
Full textChampon, Isabelle. "Compréhension et modélisation des mécanismes de désactivation d’un catalyseur de méthanation de CO2 au sein d’un réacteur-échangeur milli-structuré à lit fixe." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAF045.
Full textPower-to-SNG aims at storing the renewable electric surplus as SNG (Substitute Natural Gas) via the CO2 methanation reaction with a solid catalyst. For the purpose of the SNG direct injection into the gas network, high conversion rates are needed. Nevertheless, over time, the catalyst deactivates and the SNG may no longer meet the gas network injection specifications. In this work, a methodology is developed to understand the main deactivation mechanisms of a commercial catalyst (Ni/Al2O3) in a milli-structured fixed-bed reactor-heat exchanger in order to model them. Deactivation is dealt with at different experimental scales. A kinetic model and deactivation laws are identified and subsequently implemented in an already existing multi-scale reactor model. Finally, the simulation results are compared with experimental deactivation results obtained at the scale of the milli-structured reactor
Lamarche, Pierre. "Contribution à l'étude expérimentale et à la modélisation de la gazéification étagée de biomasse en lit fixe." Nantes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NANT2093.
Full textReal alternative with combustion, the energy valorization of the biomass by gasification and CHP answers to the double problem of energy production and wood residues elimination. The work presented in this thesis is related to the development of a dimensioning tool for the continuous fixed bed and external heating pyrolysis reactors integrated into staged gasification process for small and middle power plants (< 500 kWe). This tool allows the prediction of the temperature fields and species concentrations within the bed according to the operating conditions (reactor geometry, wood mass flowrate, wall temperature) and biomass properties (moisture, particle type). Within the framework of this tool development, a staged experimental device made up of a fixed bed and external heating pyrolysis reactor, and of a batch gasification reactor was developed. The obtained transient temperatures profiles on the pyrolysis reactor allowed the validation of a batch pyrolysis model and the determination of a key parameter of the model: the effective thermal conductivity. At the conclusion of this validation, the model was extrapolated for the modeling of continuous pyrolysis, and a parametric study made it possible the limiting parameters identification during pyrolysis with external heating. Lastly, experimental results obtained on the gasification reactor of the experimental device are presented, and recommendations for the improvement of partial oxidation and char reduction stages are given
Zenner, Alexis. "Caractérisation hydro-thermique d’un réacteur industriel : vers un nouveau procédé plus performant." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1087.
Full textHydrodynamics and heat transfers in packed bed reactors have been studied for about sixty years. The information supplied by this work is important for the design of industrial reactors. Indeed, there is a close relationship between the heat and mass transfers and the design of the process (reactor and catalytic support); this is highlighted in the state of the art. It is clear that the complexity of the phenomena is the cause of divergences between the observations and the conclusions made by the authors. Two laboratory-scale pilots were designed and set up during this PhD thesis. One is dedicated to the hydrodynamic studies and the other to the thermal studies. The hydro-thermal characterization of the reactors includes a step of development of mathematical models associated with the pilots. They represent transfers occurring within the bed of particles. Coupling experimental data with the models allows estimating the effective parameters of the porous medium. The four characteristic quantities studied in this PhD thesis are the pressure drop, the axial dispersion, the overall effective conductivity and the heat transfer coefficient at the wall. The results are compared with the data provided by the open literature. This validates the estimation methods developed during this PhD thesis. It is noticed that the predictive correlations of the effective thermal conductivity are not adapted to the morphologies of the most complex supports. Based on our measurements, new correlations were developed
Stüber, Frank. "Sélectivité en réacteur catalytique triphasique : analyse expérimentale et théorique d'hydrogénations consécutives en lit fixe catalytique à co-courant ascendant de gaz et de liquide." Toulouse, INPT, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPT051G.
Full textZhou, Xiaohua. "Contribution à l'étude de l'incinération des déchets urbains : expérimentation en réacteur à lit fixe à contre courant, approche théorique du déplacement du front d'inflammation." Poitiers, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994POIT2283.
Full textDe, Sousa Duarte Marisa Emanuel. "Mesure au coeur d'un réacteur de profils spatiaux et temporels sur les phases liquide et solide par analyses spectroscopiques." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1128.
Full textThis thesis is in the field of heterogeneous catalysis for the applications in refining and petrochemistry. As an aim of this study, we have focused on the hydrotreatment catalysts that are applied to remove some of the impurities from crude oils, like sulfur. Such hydrotreatment catalysts consist of alumina supported molybdenum sulfides, being generally promoted by nickel or cobalt.The aim of this work have consisted on the understanding of the phenomena occurring during the stabilization phase (coking, passivation, evolution of the sulfide phase) during the catalysts sulfidation and under the reaction of hydrodesulfurization, HDS, aiming to reduce the diesels sulfur content. A better understanding of these phenomena would ease the development of new generations of more efficient catalysts. This thesis aims at extending the operando characterization methods to allow a spatial and temporal follow-up of liquid and catalyst during this type of reactions. A unit was designed and built to follow the solid and liquid phases during the catalysts sulfidation and under HDS reaction. The operando follow-up was done using Raman spectroscopy through a cylindrical transparent reactor. In parallel, a methodology has been developed to focus and acquire good quality spectra through the reactor..With these reactor and methodology , we were able to access for the first time to time-space resolved profiles of the solid phase during the sulfidation and the diesel hydrodesulfurization (under 350 °C and 30 bar). Temporal profiles concerns the oxide phase disappearance, sulfide phase growth and coke formation. Spatial profiles are more challenging and will require a methodology more robust to signal changes induced by the random position of pellets and flow pattern. With respect to the liquid phase, a multivariate approach based on chemometrics has gave properties of diesels at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The good results are encouraging enough to propose to extend the approach to HDS conditions that constitutes one of the perspectives of the work
Benkrid, Karima. "Étude globale et locale de l'hydrodynamique des écoulements gaz-liquide dans les réacteurs à lit fixe." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPL027N.
Full textLarpin, Laurent. "Traitement des rejets d'industries de transformation du lait par bioréacteur à membrane associant un lit fixé anaérobie et une unité d'ultrafiltration." Caen, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CAEN2060.
Full textZografakis, Nikolas. "Contribution à l'automatisation et à la modélisation de la méthanisation d'effluents industriels en réacteur à lit fixe : application à un fermenteur travaillant à fortes charges." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ECAP0029.
Full textFache, Axel. "Power-to-gas : développement d’un réacteur catalytique pour la production de méthane de synthèse." Thesis, Pau, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PAUU3003/document.
Full textThe development of renewable energy for electricity generation is significantly hindered by the discrepancy between the moments when high amounts of energy are available and the moments when consumers demand most power supply. A prospective solution consists in using electric power surplus to produce synthetic methane, during extra production periods (power-to-gas). This solution would enable to smoothen the electric balance from a season to another, since methane can be easily stored, transported and used in existing devices. The methanation reaction CO_2+4.H_2⇄CH_4+2.H_2 O is a key step in power-to-gas. It can be completed in a fixed-bed wall-cooled reactor. Designing such a reactor leads to theoretical and technological difficulties. Because the reaction is highly exothermic, it tends to be unstable (runaway vs. blow-out). Moreover, power surplus varies over time: the reactor must therefore enable dynamic operation (reactants flow rate variations). Dynamic completion of an unstable reaction leads to specific issues which do not exist for steady-state operating reactors (risk of a transient runaway). In this context, a project involving the Laboratoire de Thermique, Energétique et Procédés and the start-up company ENOSIS has been set up (with the financial support of French region Nouvelle-Aquitaine), to obtain a contribution to the development of a safe and efficient reactor. In the present work, a theoretical criterion is introduced to quantify the safety margin of a reactor towards transient instabilities. A software is developed to perform a simplified simulation of a reactor’s dynamic operation. This simulation tool is used to illustrate the process of optimizing a reactor, taking into account the transient stability constraint. It is shown that using a staggered catalyst dilution – a well known strategy to improve safety and efficiency for steady state operating reactors – can be counter-productive when it comes to transient safety/efficiency criteria. A key characteristic of intermittent operation lies in the start-up time (or warm restart-up time) of the reaction, when reactants are injected sharply. Therefore, we examined the (re)start-up time of a reactor as a function of its temperature just before injection begins. The temperature-(re)start time relation turns out to be nearly linear.Secondly, a more accurate model is developed and the corresponding software is encoded, with the aim of distinguishing the catalytic pellets from the inert pellets, in terms of thermal behavior. Not only do inert pellets play a diluting role, but they can also have specific thermal properties to stabilize critical transient sequences. A few simulations are thus performed on non-conventional reactor configurations (inert grains can be heated by induction, or undergo a phase change). The results provide a better understanding of some difficulties that should be solved before such disruptive technologies could eventually be operational.As a complement to the theoretical and numerical work, a micro experimental campaign is performed in the Combustion and Catalysis Laboratory of New-York (setting-up an experimental device, collecting data for future validation of the simulator).Alongside these lines of research, a patentable technological solution has also been found (not detailed in this manuscript)
Genot, Jean-Paul. "Nouvelles approches d'étude de l'hydrodynamique en milieu poreux." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPL080N.
Full textDorai, Ferdaous. "Étude numérique des chargements et de l'hydrodynamique dans des réacteurs pilotes à lits fixes." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2015. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/13784/1/dorai_partie_1_sur_2.pdf.
Full textLarachi, Faïçal. "Les réacteurs triphasiques à lit fixe à écoulement à co-courant vers le bas et vers le haut de gaz et de liquide : étude de l'influence de la pression sur l'hydrodynamique et le transfert de matière gaz-liquide." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1991. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1991_LARACHI_F.pdf.
Full textRoussel, Martial. "Hydrocraquage d'alcanes sur des systèmes catalytiques amorphes : étude des paramètres régissant l'activité et la sélectivité des catalyseurs." Poitiers, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002POIT2300.
Full textThe aim of this work was to develop catalysts allowing to transform selectively the vacuum distillates into gasoil. The catalysts used in this work were Ni and W sulfides supported on silica-alumina. Hydrocracking of vacuum distillates was modelized by the hydrocracking of n-decan. The acidic function played a very small role in the reaction scheme due to the weak acidity of the support. The main reaction observed was the isomerization of n-decan into monobranched isomers. Owing to the small importance of the bifunctional cracking reaction, a direct cracking reaction of n-decan was evidenced. This reaction took place on the hydro-dehydrogenating function, through abstraction of a proton by a basic sulfur atom. A NiW content half of the habitual one did not modify the activity and the selectivity of the catalyst. The unpromoted W/silica-alumina catalyst was as active as the promoted NiW/silica-alumina catalyst, produced more multibranched isomers and less cracking products
Borremans, Didier. "Opération périodique des réacteurs catalytiques à lit fixe arrosé : étude expérimentale de l'hydrodynamique, de la conductivité thermique radiale et de la maldistribution de l'écoulement liquide." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPL039N.
Full textThe influence of periodic operation on the hydrodynamics in trickle-bed reactors, and on the related parameters, was studied experimentally in this work. Periodic operation consisted in a square-waved liquid feed. The pulse flow domain can be extended towards lower mean liquid velocities by a periodic liquid feed to has been observed experimentally that a tracer's residence time depends upon the moment of injection. This dependence is very well predicted when taking the propagation of continuity waves into account. The importance of the residence time variations during one feed cycle depends on the du ration of the cycle, with all other operating parameters constant. The plug flow character of the liquid does not seem to be deteriorated by periodic operation. No significant effect on the "natural" distribution of the liquid, measured at two different scales, has been observed. The effective radial thermal conductivity under periodic operation is of the same magnitude as the one measured under steady state conditions at the same mean liquid velocity
Soltana, Farouk. "Simulation de l'hydrodynamique et des transferts de matière et de chaleur dans les réacteurs à lit fixe." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2004. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_2004_SOLTANA_F.pdf.
Full textThis work deals with modelling and simulation of hydrodynamics, liquid-to-wall mass and heat transfer in fixed bed reactors with both single phase liquid and co-current gas/liquid down flow (trickle-beds). Ln modelling, the averiged statistical approach developed by Kashiwa and Rauenzahn (1994) is adopted through the use of the code CFDlib. Different phenomenological relations of fluids/solid and gas/liquid interactions are used to close the process model equations. Simulations of hydrodynamics and liquid-to-wall mass transfer are carried out in trickling and dispersed flow regimes. Ln addition to these two regimes, the simulation of induced pulsing flow is investigated. The results are compared to the experimental measurements previously obtained in our laboratory in trickle-bed reactors and to appropriate correlations of literature. Concerning heat transfer, only single phase liquid down flow is considered. The simulation is based on both homogenous and heterogeneous models
Bejjany, Bouchra. "Oxydation par voie humide catalytique dans un réacteur à lit fixe gaz/liquide/solide de micropolluants organiques : mise en place du pilote : étude du catalyseur hétérogène." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066013.
Full textThe Catalytic Wet Air Oxidation (CWAO) enables to remove toxic and/or non-biodegradable water pollutants such as methyl-tert-butylether (MTBE) or pesticides (phenylureas). This technique involves heating effluent at high temperatures (generally between 130 and 250°C) for a pressure domain ranging from 20 to 50 bar. This operation is conducted by using oxygen as an oxidant source and heterogeneous or homogeneous catalysts in order to convert the organic substance into a clean gas rejection and a biodegradable liquid. This work is initially based on the design and set up of an installation, which includes a tubular reactor made of stainless steel “Uranus B6” with a height of 700 mm and 70 mm internal diameter. It is set at the centre of a furnace resistance which is surrounded by a thick layer of insulating material. A high-pressure pump enables the introduction of the feed solution into the reactor. The oxygen is supplied by a high-pressure oxygen bottle and its flow rate is controlled by a flowmeter regulator. Two condensers, one cyclone, one regulator valve and one gas regulator ensure the separation of gas and liquid at the outlet of the reactor. The whole process is equipped with temperature and pressure sensors. The installation is also versatile, since it allows the preparation of the catalysts in the reactor itself. The second part of the study focuses on the development and the understanding of the preparation of the catalysts, composed by precious metals (Ruthenium and Cerium) supported on alumina. To demonstrate its efficiency and validate the installation, the catalyst Ru(0. 3%)/Ce(3%)-Al2O3 was used for the CWAO of methyl-tert-butyleter : the target molecule has been completely transformed and a reduction of more than 90% of the total organic carbon has been obtained. The fresh catalyst was characterized to check that it had the expected qualities. The used catalyst was also characterized to ensure that there were no significant changes. In a third step, the oxidation test of pesticide (isoproturon) has been performed with 50% of total organic carbon reduction. The treated effluent contains a lot of complex sub-products of reaction, whose identification could not be totally obtained by available means. However 90% of isoproturon has been transformed