Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Réacteurs Chimiques'
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Sekher, Malik. "Sur la conduite de réacteurs chimiques." Caen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CAEN2032.
Full textChemical reactors are extensively used in chemical and pharmaceutical industries. The underlying temperature control has shown to be of fundamental importance from product quality and process reproductibility points of view. This thesis presents a control approach to deal with the temperature servo problem in exothermic stirred tank batch reactors. Two features of this research work are worth to be emphasized. The first one consists in an engineering design framework for the control. The underlying design can be performed using various control techniques that heavily borrows from the concepts of prediction, state feedback linearization, sliding mode, backstepping and the high gain. A filtered integral action is incorporated into the design for free offset performance and noise measurements insensitivity considerations. The second one consists in likely high gain observer to perform an accurate estimation of the reaction heat to alleviate the control system performances. The performances the proposed approach are illustrated in a realistic simulation framework with respect to the problem under consideration
Marchal-Brassely, Sylvie. "Conduite optimale de réacteurs discontinus." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPL038N.
Full textHoang, Ngoc Ha. "Approche thermodynamique pour la stabilisation des réacteurs chimiques." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10244.
Full textThe goal of this thesis is to propose new nonlinear control strategies for the stabilization of perfectly Continuous Stirred Tank Reactors (CSTR). To achieve this goal, we use on the one hand, the entropic thermodynamic approach. More precisely, we use the thermodynamic availability concept and the properties of irreversible thermodynamics to define a Lyapunov function candidate for the stabilization of the closed loop system. We also propose a reduced availability function to design more efficient feedback laws in term of control variable solicitations. On the other hand, we propose an extension of the (pseudo) Hamiltonian formalism associated to dissipative systems to open chemical reactors. We show that the Hamiltonian is linked to the Gibbs free enthalpy in the isothermal case and to ectropy (opposed to entropy) in the non isothermal case. By this formalism, the dissipation of the system represents the irreversible entropy production due to chemical reaction. The Interconnection and Damping Assignment-Passivity Based Control (IDA-PBC) approach is then applied to synthesize feedback laws by choosing the thermodynamic availability as desired closed loop hamiltonian storage function. Finally, we show that feedback laws synthetized by the entropic thermodynamic approach and the pseudo-hamiltonian formulation are equivalent in some cases. Some stabilization properties and the control input admissibility are also considered. Theoretical developments are illustrated on some different CSTR examples : an academic case study and the acid catalyzed hydration of oxirane-methanol to glycerol
Morant, Jérôme de. "Contrôle en temps minimal des réacteurs chimiques discontinus." Rouen, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ROUES024.
Full textElia, Marc. "Etude de la stabilité thermique dans les réacteurs chimiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4707/document.
Full textIn refining and petrochemistry process safety is a major issue. For highly exothermic processes it is necessary to ensure in a rigorous way the safe that the process operates in safe conditions, hence avoiding thermal runaway. The objective of this thesis was to develop a methodology to determine the operating conditions of reliable operation of chemical reactors. The methodology relies on stationary and dynamic analysis. The stationary stability analysis based on the Van Heerden criterion was generalized to complex chemical systems. The dynamic analysis applies the perturbation theory to definitely determine if a stationary point is stable according to eigenvalue analysis.The methodology was applied to ebullated-bed technology for residue hydroconversion at pilot and industrial scale. Two comprehensive dynamic models that accurately represent the ebullated-bed pilot plant and industrial process were developed for the study. The models take into account a detailed description of the reactive system and the configuration of the pilot and industrial plants: three phases, kinetics and flow characterization. A stationary and dynamic thermal stability analysis was carried out for both configurations and stable/unstable operating regions were identified. The study showed that the pilot plant reactor can operate in a larger domain of operating conditions compared to the industrial reactor while the parameters have the same effect on both reactors. The resulting reactor operation diagrams are a essential guide for engineers in the reactor design and operation practice
Cibrario, Marc. "Sur la commande d'une classe de réacteurs chimiques instables." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 1992. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00838248.
Full textMitrovic, Marijana. "Étude des transferts de matière dans un réacteur triphasique gaz-liquide-solide, d'investigation cinétique (réacteur Robinson-Mahoney)." Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO10175.
Full textCIBRARIO, MARC. "Sur la commande d'une classe de reacteurs chimiques instables." Paris, ENMP, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ENMP0325.
Full textNguyen, Mai-Thanh. "Méthodologie d'étude de procédés à catalyseur suspendu : application à un réacteur gaz-liquide-solide à auto-aération." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10441.
Full textRafalimanana, Célestin Alexis. "Contribution à la modélisation des cinétiques réactionnelles, à la simulation et à la conduite thermique des réacteurs de chimie fine." Toulouse, INPT, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPT039G.
Full textJallais, Simon. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation de l'oxydation d'hydrocarbures légers." Poitiers, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001POIT2334.
Full textHuang, Baotuan. "Modélisation numérique d'écoulements diphasiques à bulles dans des réacteurs chimiques." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO10103.
Full textAbidi, Kheireddine. "Observateurs d'état et commande non linéaire de réacteurs chimiques discontinus." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPL015N.
Full textLi, Huai Zhi. "Le cyclone réacteur." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10044.
Full textDurandal, Cédric. "Étude du micromélange dans les réacteurs chimiques en écoulement turbulent : évaluation des modèles de micromélange pour l'interprétation des données de la sonde chimique." Nantes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT2109.
Full textMicromixing strongly affects the molecular-scale contact of chemical species in numerous chemical reactions. Understanding the mechanisms governing micromixing lets us explain the relationships between the turbulence structure and the selectivity of the reaction. The micromixing models in the literature are of two sorts: stochastic models and deterministic models These models are essentially based on phenomenological considerations and on the properties of small-scale eddies related to the micromixing time. Micromixing can be quantified locally by analyzing the products of a local chemical reaction if this reaction is “fast” compared to the micromixing time. This so-called chemical probe method is used in the present work, following the Villermaux method on the [iodide/iodate] chemical reaction. An experimental measurement of micromixing is carried out in a homogeneous and isotropic turbulence. The Reynolds number based on the Taylor microscale varies from10 to 47. Three sequence of different concentrations are used for measuring the micromixing in order to evaluate the models. A numerical study is carried out here to compare the different micromixing models with the experimental results. In order to compute the concentrations, stochastic models are solved by using a Monte-Carlo method. This work validate the time scale of micromixing and specify the requirements for interpreting the chemical measure of micromixing with models
Cordero, Cruz Juan Carlos. "Conception optimale de réseaux de réacteurs." Toulouse, INPT, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPT023G.
Full textFongarland, Pascal. "Etude cinétique de l'hydrodésulfuration de composés soufrés de gazoles en réacteur continu parfaitement agité." Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO10123.
Full textIssanchou, Sébastien. "Stratégie expérimentale pour la détermination de modèles cinétiques en milieu liquide-liquide." Toulouse, INPT, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INPTA07G.
Full textShi, Ruomei. "Simulations en vue de la commande optimale en température de réacteurs fermés : cas des stœchiométries simples et complexes." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10440.
Full textCommenge, Jean-Marc. "Réacteurs microstructurés : hydrodynamique, thermique, transfert de matière et applications aux procédés." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2001. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_2001_COMMENGE_JM.pdf.
Full textThe present manuscript presents an analysis of flow and transport phenomena in microstructure reactors, their influence on the behavior of the reactors and the major interest and areas of application for the use of microtechnology in ptocess engineering. Hydrodynamic conditions and space-times in the numerous channèls are accurately controlled by appropriate design of the reactor. The residence time distribution, although narrow in a single microchannel, is significantly dispersed in the reactor due to flow singularities. Nevertheless, microstructured reactors are suited to periodic operation at frequencies higher than 1 Hz. The thermal behavior, characterized by significant axial conduction, leads to spatial isothermicity in metallic reactors and requires the use of poody conducting ni'aterials to maintain temperature gradients. Under transient conditions, following a step change in fluid temperatures; the reactor temperature variation can be represented by two characteristic times, one internal, the other external. In mass transfer, an axial diffusion effect can predominate with respect to convection, which increases the Sherwood number and back-mixing. Nevertheless, the determination of kinetic parameters being accurate for the low Damkohler numbers attainable, microchannelreactors provide favorable conditions for the study of rapid, reactions. A synthesis of the above-mentioned points indicates several advantages for microstructured reactors, such as a significant energy saving induced by the structuring of the,flow in' parallel channels. Intensification of heat exchange in microchanne1 dimensions limits therisks of thermal runaway by removing heat generatedhy exothermic reactions and allows miniaturization of production units without loss in productivity. Finally, lleat and mass transfer by conduction and diffusion are favored with respect to reacticin and hence microstructured reactors are well suited to kinetic measurement and to development of new processes limited by heat and mass transfer
Chetouani, Yahya. "Contribution à l'étude de la détection de dysfonctionnements dans les procédés chimiques : application aux réacteurs chimiques double enveloppe." Rouen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ROUES020.
Full textKhaled, Ahmed Redouane. "Contribution de l'outil bond graph pour la modélisation des réacteurs chimiques en vue de leur supervision." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-Khaled.pdf.
Full textBenkouider, Ali Mustapha. "Contribution à la détection et au diagnostic des défauts dans les réacteurs discontinus et semi-continus." Rouen, INSA, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ISAM0003.
Full textFox, Didier. "Étude de la circulation de particules entre deux compartiments fluidisés." Compiègne, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987COMPI255.
Full textAbdallah, Radwan. "Réacteurs micro-structurés pour l'évaluation rapide en catalyse polyphasique." Lyon 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO10155.
Full textLazrak, Nabil. "Polymérisation en suspension du méthacrylate de méthyle dans un réacteur agité discontinu : étude de la stabilité de la suspension et de la cinétique." Toulouse, INPT, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPT029G.
Full textDenis-Vidal, Lilianne. "Identification d'un système biochimique, modélisation et contrôle d'un système de réacteurs." Compiègne, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993COMPD640.
Full textAbbana, Bennani Mouna. "Apport des mousses métalliques en réacteur continu intensifié." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2008. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7768/1/abanna_bennani.pdf.
Full textContamine, François. "Analyse d'un réacteur sonochimique : puissance, transfert de matière liquide-solide et réactions chimiques." Toulouse, INPT, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPT024G.
Full textEttedgui, Boaz. "Commande prédictive non linéaire des réacteurs discontinus de chimie fine." Toulouse, INPT, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPT014G.
Full textRatoarinoro. "Sonochimie en milieu polyphasique : influence de la puissance ultrasonore et de la géométrie du réacteur." Toulouse, INPT, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPT057G.
Full textFrikha, Nader. "Conduite de la réaction chimique en réacteurs discontinus : application aux réactions catalytiques homogènes et hétérogènes : stabilité thermique." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2005. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL/2005_FRIKHA_N.pdf.
Full textIn order to better understand and control batch reactions, two exothermic catalytic reactions are studied: a homogeneous and a heterogeneous one. The kinetics of the dichromate catalysed decomposition of the hydrogene peroxide is first studied. An experimental definition of the stability conditions is proposed and makes it possible to define the conditions avoiding any thermal runaway. A method of identification of kinetic and thermic parameters for the solid catalysed nitrobenzene hydrogenation is then developed. This method is based only on light experimental procedure involving temperature and pressure measurements. A global model is first eveloped and the parameters that control the reaction and prevent thermal runways are defined. The key parameter which conditions the thermal stability of the system is shown to be the stirring speed. Lastly, a rigorous batch model, based on the film theory, is established. It shows that the results given by the global model are coherent with those of the rigorous approach
Magnaudeix, Sylvain. "Etude et modélisation du fonctionnement des réacteurs de CVD, axisymétriques, à parois froides." Toulouse, INPT, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPT046G.
Full textBenaissa, Wassila. "Développement d'une méthodologie pour la conduite en sécurité d'un réacteur continu intensifié." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2006. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7500/1/benaissa.pdf.
Full textBenaissa, Wassila. "Développement d'une méthodologie pour la conduite en sécurité d'un réacteur continu intensifié." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2006. https://hal.science/tel-04576129.
Full textThe aim of this study is to develop a methodology in order to carry out safely an exothermic reaction in an intensified continuous reactor. It is established on a case study: the transposition of the esterification between propionic anhydride and 2-butanol in a new prototype of heatexchanger/reactor. The approach is divided in three steps. In a first part, experimental data obtained by calorimetry allow to determine the potential hazard of the compounds as well as the reaction and a kinetic model is validated. In a second stage a dedicated software model is used to calculate optimal operating conditions for safe control. Experiments are then achieved to test these conditions. In the last step, the inherently safer behaviour of the reactor is evaluated in the case of probable malfunctions (fluids shutdown) due to the thermal inertia of the apparatus. Finally, the evolution of the temperature profiles is obtained by dynamic simulation
Azoumah, Yao Kétowoglo. "Conception optimale, par approche constructale, de réseaux arborescents de transferts couples pour réacteurs thermochimiques." Perpignan, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PERP0646.
Full textHeat and mass transfer and chemical reaction improvements in thermochemical reactors strongly increase their performance in power and / or in energy. The reactor geometry plays an important role in these improvements. This work developed original methods combining constructal approach and two thermodynamics optimization criteria: the entropy generation minimization (for steady state modelling) and the ratio of the power over the entropy generation (for dynamic modelling). These methods enabled to optimize the design of the coupled heat and mass transfer networks in the thermochemical reactors. This study showed that for every reactor there exists its optimal shape regardless to the reactive material that filled it. Analytical and numerical models, coupling heat and mass transfer, and chemical reaction, enabled to demonstrate the constructal tree-network architecture efficiency in the thermochemical reactors design. An experimental approach was started in order to valid the analytical and numerical models
Ait-Amer, Slimane. "Elaboration d'un logiciel général de simulation de réacteurs de CVD." Toulouse, INPT, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPT004G.
Full textDurupt, Nicolas. "Etude de la réduction catalytique du nitrate d'uranyle par l'hydrogène : dimensionnement d'un réacteur triphasique." Toulouse, INPT, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPT021G.
Full textFerrouillat, Sébastien. "Étude du micro-mélange pour la caractérisation des performances d'échangeurs-réacteurs compacts multifonctionnels." Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANT2076.
Full textVarious design parameters of compact heat exchanger-reactors have been characterized in order to develop a new methodology for their design and optimization. The use of compact heat exchanger as a chemical reactor constitutes a significant break trough towards a new approach of chemical processes. In order to answer the compelling operation requirements, heat and mass transfer phenomena must be precisely investigated. Therefore, by using an original physico-chemical method, micro-mixing and thermo-hydraulics of turbulent flows have been studied to compare heat and mass transfer performance of selected geometries. Based on the results of this study a substantial data base is built. Using this database a novel process modeling has led to a creative design of future compact heat-exchanger reactors
Garcia, Valérie. "Exploitation des modèles de tendance stoechiométriques et cinétiques pour l'optimisation des réacteurs discontinus de chimie fine." Toulouse, INPT, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPT032G.
Full textAmmar, Mohamed Yessin. "Mise en oeuvre de réseaux de neurones pour la modélisation de cinétiques réactionnelles en vue de la transposition batch/continu." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2007. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7675/1/ammar.pdf.
Full textOuzineb, Keltoum. "Emulsion and miniemulsion polymerization : stabilization, tubular reactor and practical applications." Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO10022.
Full textMichaud, Alexandre. "Séchage par contact sous vide avec agitation intermittente de poudres pharmaceutiques : étude expérimentale, modélisation et optimisation." Lyon 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO10151.
Full textMohand, Kaci Hakim. "Caractérisation des capacités de micromélange des échangeurs/réacteurs multifonctionnels par sonde chimique : application au HEV." Nantes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT2131.
Full textThe course of fast and instantaneous chemical reactions in industrial reactors can strongly be affected by the manner in which the reagents are arranged in molecular level. These effects are observed in reactive mixing of gases and liquids in both turbulent and laminar flows. Many works (Bourne (2003) ; Baldyga et al. (1995e)) showed that the mixing due to the small energetic vortices acting near the Kolmogorov scale is the limiting mechanism of the mass transfer. This is commonly called the micromixing step. In this work we show the interest in using a chemical probe to characterize the micromixing in reactors. We are interested in two particular points: - adaptation of the method to continuous flows. This method was largely and generally tested and used in batch reactors, but rarely used in continuous reactors. The present work is a continuation of a previous work carried in CEA/GRETh and LTN (Ferrouillat (2004)), - study of the relevance and validity of the chemical probe results with the information on mixing properties achieved by others methods. Mcromixing measurement is performed by a local injection. The limiting reagent, which is injected in default to an excess of reacting reagents, reacts with its surrounding medium and is therefore totally consumed at the end of the reaction. The conversion rate of the reagents gives an indication the segregation at the local level in the mixing. The selectivity of the chemical reactions can determine the quality of the mixture at the local level by a so-called "segregation index". This parameter, defined by the distribution of the products reactions, is a function of the operating conditions. Because of its dependence on the experimental conditions, it can not characterize the micromixing in an absolute way. In order to obtain quantitative information from the measurements, it is necessary to use a micromixing model which permits to link the segregation index to the micromixing characteristic parameters (micromixing time and dissipation rate)
Omar, Faisal. "Contribution à l'étude de la gazéification et de la combustion des combustibles solides." Aix-Marseille 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986AIX30031.
Full textHeinry, Didier. "Pompe à chaleur chimique solide-gaz : comportement d'un réacteur régénéré par des gaz chauds." Perpignan, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PERP0132.
Full textGourinchas, Courtecuisse Valérie. "Mise au point d'un procédé d'élaboration de poudres d'oxyde métallique en milieu supercritique dans un réacteur semi-continu." Paris 13, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA132031.
Full textAzzaro-Pantel, Catherine. "Analyse et modélisation du fractionnement des réacteurs de LPCVD : cas du silicium pur ou dopé in situ." Toulouse, INPT, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPT003G.
Full textCapdeville, Daniel. "Modélisation d'écoulements à l'intérieur de chambres de combustion par assemblage de réacteurs chimiques élémentaires : approche numérique." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ESAE0015.
Full textDirion, Jean-Louis. "Contribution à la mise en oeuvre de réseaux neuronaux pour la modélisation et le contrôle thermique de réacteurs batch." Toulouse, INPT, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPT027G.
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