Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Réactif flottation'
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El, Housni Abdallah. "Étude diélectrique de la flottation de la malachite par sulfuration." Nancy 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10151.
Full textBernasconi, Pascal. "Flottation ionique : Analyse des mécanismes pour les tensio-actifs, application à la purification de solutions uranifères." Nancy 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NAN10117.
Full textLakhrissi, Brahim. "Synthèse et étude analytique de collecteurs adaptés à la flottation ionique du gallium en milieu fortement alcalin." Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10283.
Full textRivera, Santillan Rosa Elva. "Flottation ionique des cations métalliques par les collecteurs à longue chaîne : Application aux ions BA**(2+) et GA**(3+)." Nancy 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10241.
Full textCecile, Jean-Luc. "Etude spectroscopique, thermodynamique et cinétique des mécanismes réactionnels liés au procédé de flottation." Orléans, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ORLE2052.
Full textDuverger, Agathe. "Valorisation par flottation des minerais à faible teneur en uranium : étude de la texture et des effets synergiques des réactifs de flottation." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0285/document.
Full textDue to the energy growing demand, uranium low grade ores may be those exploited in the future. Uranium ores conventional treatment doesn't often use mineral processing such as concentration methods for reducing leaching reagent consumption. The aim of this work is to develop an upgrading process to improve the operating process (alkaline heap leaching) taking into account the mineralogical and textural variability of the ore. The Trekkopje deposit is composed of calcrete and a gypscrete. The uranium bearing mineral is carnotite (K2 (UO2)2 [VO4]2.3H2O). The gangue minerals are composed by silicates, such as quartz, feldspars, micas and Ca-minerals, calcite and gypsum (XRD and ICP-MS analysis). A SEM image processing was used to study the textural properties and the exposed free surface of mineral inclusions in clay clusters. In calcrete milled to -200 µm, 50 % of all carnotite is associated with clay clusters, which are composed by 98 % of palygorskite, 2 % of illite, montmorillonite, and interbedded clays (XRD and microprobe analysis). The carnotite grain size is 95% less than 70 µm. Calcite is the main inclusion in clay clusters. Indeed, the calcite inclusions average rate in the clay clusters is 12 % and 5 % for carnotite inclusion. And the free exposed surface percentage of these minerals in clay clusters is 3 % and 6 %, thus indicating that the inclusions should not affect the behavior of mixed clay particles. However, ore flotation essays didn't verify this hypothesis. Three minerals separation have been proposed based on the mineral ability to consume leaching reagents: separating Ca-minerals from silicates, palygorskite from gangue minerals and carnotite from gangue minerals. A study of silicates and Ca-minerals electrokinetic properties (electrophoresis) was carried out to select the collectors and the optimum pH range for selective flotation. Basic pH near neutral was proved to be optimal for the separation of gangue minerals with cationic or anionic collectors (silicates IEP - pH 1-2, palygorskite IEP - pH 3, francolite IEP - pH 3-4 and IEP minerals calcium - pH 9 - 10). The adsorption isotherms of the primary amines with a nonionic reagent obtained by gay chromatography highlight their coadsorption on the silicates surface at pH 8. The presence of nonionic reagent allows to the formation of a compact layer on the mineral surface, derived from the displacement of the symmetric and asymmetric vibration groups CH2, CH3 of the infrared diffuse reflectance spectra. Palygorskite is separated from the pure Ca-minerals and silicates at pH 8, with a mixture of a primary amine and a nonionic reagent such as collectors, without using specific depressant. A clear separation of Ca-minerals and silicates is carried out at pH 8 by combining sodium oleate with aliphatic alcohols. The synergistic effects of ionic and nonionic reagents were highlighted with an ionic reagents consumption reduction by two to ten fold. The ore flotation tests have confirmed the results obtained in pure mineral flotation with anionic collectors. The removal of Ca-minerals (floated product containing 20 % of uranium), silicates (nonfloated product containing 80 % of uranium) using a combination of sodium oleate and an aliphatic alcohol is the separation by flotation chosen solution. This study led to exploitable results in solving the problem by coupling multi-scale approaches
Sahraoui, Abdelhalim. "Et́ude de la flottation par détente de liquide saturé sous pression : application à la clarification des moûts." Toulouse, INPT, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPT038G.
Full textTremblay-Bouliane, Karl. "Caractérisation des interactions phage-minerai et développement de bio-réactifs potentiels pour les procédés de flottation." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25979.
Full textFlotation is an important separation process in mining industry. Because of their im-pact on mines economic performances, special attention is directed to flotation reagents. In order to develop efficient bio-based reagents with a lower environmental footprint, a phage display library was screened as a mean to identify peptides able to bind to ores of economi-cal interest, including gold, chalcopyrite, pyrite, sphalerite and silica. After many biopan-ning rounds, peptide sequences were successfully isolated for each of these ores. However, adsorption isotherm determination for these interactions revealed a low specificity of the obtained sequences. The possibility to use bacteriophages as flotation bio-reagents was as-sessed by studying effect produced by adsorption of phages displaying selected peptide sequences on surface properties of some of the ores. A decrease in hydrophobicity was con-firmed, suggesting a depressing effect on ores. Thus, bacteriophages might be potential candidates for some types of flotation applications but their production cost will have to be brought down significantly in order to be considered a viable alternative.
Proulx, Mélanie. "Amélioration du rendement des particules grossières par la stratégie d'addition des réactifs dans un banc de flottation." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0019/MQ56767.pdf.
Full textHerisson, Alexandre. "Flottation réactive à l'ozone de contaminants modèles issus de papiers récupérés : étude hydrodynamique et réactivité." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAI104.
Full textThe decrease of the recovered paper collection quality and the accumulation of dissolved substances in process water affect the deinking line efficiency and contaminate more and more the liquid effluents. In this context the LGP2 has developed an innovative deinking process, the ozone reactive flotation, to chemically degrade dissolved pollutants in parallel with ink removal. To better understand the mechanisms involved, air and ozone/oxygen flotation trials have been conducted on three model contaminants selected in a preliminary bibliographic review, in a two-phase gas/liquid system, in the absence of fibers. Experiments have been carried out on two instrumented laboratory pilots: a bubble column operating only with air for the study of the hydrodynamics of the reactor (bubbles size and distribution, gas hold-up) in the presence of dissolved contaminants, and a second one, similar in its conception but built using materials resistant to corrosive gas, dedicated to the study of the oxidation reactions with ozone. The evaluation of the hydrodynamics related to gas flow and injection system selected, studied with air but supposed to be the same with ozone/oxygen gas mixture, shows that the bubble size, with or without contaminants, is optimal for an efficient flotation process. The study of ozone mass transfer and reactivity with the three model contaminants, for several temperatures and ozone concentrations, leads to the calculation of kinetic constants and shows that the contaminants, depending on their nature, have been oxidized or depolymerized. Although the COD of the treated solutions does not decrease a lot after the ozone reactive flotation, the effluent quality has been improved in terms of biodegradability since contaminants are partially degraded
Chapelain, Julie. "Flottation de l'argile pour la décontamination radioactive des terres." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAI106/document.
Full textAfter a nuclear accident like Fukushima, the radioactive cesium 137 is transported from the atmosphere to the soil by rain water. Clays are mineral species which are naturally present in soils. These micrometric minerals (1- 100 µm) are very efficient and selective adsorbents for Cs ions. The objective of this PhD thesis is to look at the feasibility of a process called flotation to selectively extract these contaminated clay particles and to reduce the volume of soil to store. Flotation consists in separating minerals according to their surface properties. The most hydrophobic particles are collected by air bubbles and are transported up to the froth whereas the hydrophilic particles remain in the suspension. Cationic surfactants are employed to selectively adsorb on clays surface and increase its hydrophobicity. It was chosen to focus on systems containing illite clay and an ammonium bromide cationic surfactant called TTAB. The properties of illite and TTAB suspensions were determined (particle size, zeta potential, adsorption isotherm of TTAB, turbidity, rheology). Then, foaming ability, stability and drainage properties of these suspensions were looked at by using a lab scale instrumented column. It was shown that clay particles have a stabilizing effect on the froth. Moreover, selectivity for the smallest clay particle size fraction (3 µm) in foams was observed. The 2nd part of the work consisted in performing flotation experiments on illite clay and TTAB suspension with a new “mini” pilot flotation column in continuous mode. The influence of TTAB concentration, air flow and illite clay concentration and granulometry on foam drainage properties and extraction yields was determined. From this study, two transport parameters were dissociated and extracted: the true flotation rate constant and the drainage coefficient. Finally, they were used to perform a scale-up study of an industrial flotation unit
Ghorbel, Amina. "Flottation réactive à l'ozone : impacts sur les qualités papetières, procédés, fibres et effluents des suspensions de fibres lignocellulosiques." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALI042.
Full textThe objective of this study is to broaden the knowledge about the effect of ozone, when introduced as a reactive gas in the flotation cell, on the deinking performance of printed papers as well as on the papermaking properties of recycled cellulosic fibers (physical and optical properties, papermaking ability). Trials, with high ozone dose (2.97% ozone/fibers w/w), have been investigated and conducted in a laboratory flotation cell pilot (15 L). Several mixtures of recovered papers have been studied: (i) an industrial mix made of 50%/50% magazines/newspapers, (ii) two wood-free recovered lignocellulosic fiber pulp models (lignin content lower than 15%) to limit the yellowing effect of lignified fibers, and (iii) a wood-free industrial pulp mixture composed of 90% office papers and 10% magazines. Tap water and model process water have been used to dilute the fibers before deinking. For a better understanding of the ozone reactivity, experiments have been also conducted on both types of waters in the absence of fiber. The main benefits of the ozone reactive flotation process are (1) the strong reduction of the effluent soluble COD of about 63% compared to air flotation in the case of the industrial pulp mixture deinking using the model process water, (2) the increase of the fiber yield by 1 point and (3) the preservation or the improvement of the papermaking properties of the recycled fibers. Ozone preferentially reacts with soluble contaminants, so that fibers and pulp papermaking properties are not affected. This process is utterly suitable for the deinking of wood-free papers
Pouet, Marie-Florence. "Traitements physico-chimiques associés à une microfiltration d'eau usée urbaine." Montpellier 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON20040.
Full textLafhaj, Zineb. "Augmentation du contraste de séparation des minéraux calciques semisolubles à l’aide de combinaisons de réactifs carboxyliques et non-ionique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0052.
Full textValorization of calcium minerals is a global problem. Flotation is a technique used for the separation of these minerals since it plays on their surface properties. However, this is an important scientific challenge because the surface properties of calcium minerals are very similar. The difficulties of separation of these minerals are then due to the similarities between their chemical surface properties, but also their electrokinetic and their stability in aqueous solutions. The application of the basic research results will focus on 4 calcites and one apatite of different origins. The main objective is to study the properties and parameters involved in the separation mechanisms of calcium minerals such as the importance of the solubility, the surface speciation of the mineral, the overall loading of the mineral surface and the density of adsorption of surfactants. The electrokinetic properties therefore make it possible to determine the type of collector to be used to selectively float the minerals and to choose the optimum separation pH. Two collectors, sodium oleate and linoleate (different semi-developed formula), were used to study the flotation of calcium minerals. The mixture of these two collectors with different molar ratios was also studied showing a separation contrast at pH 5 with the molar ratio 2: 1 and the ratio 1: 1 at pH 9. In addition, the synergistic effects between ionic collector (oleate or sodium linoleate) and non-ionic (PX alcohol type) in the presence or absence of depressants such as starch and sodium silicate have been studied to improve recovery and selectivity. The adsorption isotherms of sodium oleate and linoleate, in the presence or absence of a non-ionic collector, obtained by the Gregory method demonstrate their co-adsorption on the surface of calcite and apatite. This was also confirmed by the displacements of the symmetric and antisymmetric vibration bands of the CH2-CH3 groups on the infrared spectra in diffuse reflectance. The adsorption of sodium linoleate on one of the calcite minerals (calcite orange) shows different regions which can be explained by multi-layer adsorption resulting from the two-dimensional condensation of the collector on a heterogeneous surface. However, the adsorption of sodium oleate on calcite orange is linear. The apatite from Madagascar and calcite optical have a saturation of the adsorption sites from a concentration of 3.10-5 M in sodium oleate (CMC)
Santos, Filipe Olivier de Almeida dos. "Étude de la flottation réactive à l’ozone en vue de la valorisation des fibres cellulosiques de récupération et des rejets du recyclage." Grenoble INPG, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPG0171.
Full textThis work studied the effect of ozone used as a reactive gas in flotation in order to optimise recovered cellulosic fibre deinking for the production of high brightness paper : improvement of the recycled fibre optical properties and reduction of the flotation rejects. A flotation pilot, coupled with an ozone generator, was developed and validated in the conventional air flotation operating conditions. The effect of ozone on the deinking process was studied for two recovered paper furnishes (offset prints and a mixture of 50/50 newsprints and magazines). The introduction of ozone led to the increase of ink removal, to a slight reduction of the deinking sludge production and to the partial degradation of the optical brighteners which improves the food-contact ability of deinking pulps. Moreover, the COD of the effluents is reduced by more than 25 %. These results showed that the ozone reactive flotation is a promising solution to improve the deinking efficiency and to decrease the pollution of its rejects
Turri, Laura. "Stockage du CO2 par carbonatation minérale de l’olivine : étude du procédé global pour la valorisation des produits de la réaction et la séparation des particules de chromite par flottation." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0067/document.
Full textThis work deals with the study of direct carbonation of olivine in solution, for the chemical transformation of CO2 emitted by the industries. The influence of operating conditions is evaluated in order to optimize the yield of the reaction. However, for environmental acceptability and economic viability of the project, the beneficiation of recoverable metals and products is considered. Chromite particles contained in olivine are unreactive during the carbonation reaction: the separation is developed by flotation upstream of the reaction. According to the results, the extraction of chromite by magnetic separation is also conceivable. Gravimetric separation by sedimentation is considered to recover residual olivine in the reaction products, in order to recycle them in the carbonation process. Products sieving allowed to concentrate carbonates (less than 40 µm) and silica (between 40 and 106 µm). However, the co-precipitation of mixed carbonates due to the presence of iron and nickel included in the magnesium matrix, compromises the purification and the optimal valorization of the solids. Moreover, the formation of a passivation layer on the particles surface limits the conversion of olivine. Pretreatment of olivine is envisaged for the leaching of nickel in ammoniac solution. Besides, preliminary dissolution of olivine and selective precipitation of species with pH control of the solution can be an interesting alternative for higher carbonation extent and more efficient purification of the products
Geneyton, Anthony. "Flottation des particules fines : application aux résidus miniers contenant des minéraux porteurs de terres rares." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0100.
Full textThe flotation of fine particles is a technical challenge that the mining industry must address to efficiently exploit certain types of deposit whose ores are finely textured. This issue is of particular importance with the depletion of mineral resources considered as “conventional” with regards to the liberation mesh of minerals of interest. There are two basic approaches to optimise the flotation process for a particular ore, the research for the best working parameters of existing flotation devices and the development of new flotation reagents. The research works in the past decades highlight that, owing to their high hydrodynamic regimes, intensive flotation technologies are more adapted to the treatment of fine particles than conventional mechanical flotation devices. However, due to the short residence time in intensive flotation cells, it is essential that the surface of the minerals of interest has been particularly hydrophobised. In this sense, the improvement of the flotation performance for fine grained ores implies both the use of new flotation technologies and the development of more efficient and more selective flotation reagents. The selected object of studies is a fine grained residue produced after the extraction of gold and tellurium out of the ore from the Kankberg mine which is located in Sweden. This fine material contains low amounts of rare earth elements, in the form of monazite, a phosphate mineral. The thesis works presented in this manuscript consists of developing a reagent that improves the adsorption of the collector on the surface of monazite to facilitate its recovery throughout intensive flotation. The conducted studies emphasise that lanthanum ions significantly promote the adsorption of carboxylate type collectors on the monazite surface thereby increasing the floatability of this mineral. Current knowledge regarding the surface properties of monazite and the mechanism of anionic collectors adsorption on the monazite surface are relatively limited. Therefore, it seems wise to contribute to improving this knowledge during this thesis. A study was carried out to assess the hydroxylation of the monazite surface which is largely considered in the literature as a phenomenon influencing the collector adsorption. The handling of monazite may cause radiation exposure because of the radioactive decay chains of the actinide elements naturally present in the monazite crystal lattice. During this thesis, the synthesis of indurated monazite analogue materials was also investigated to facilitate the conduct of experiments. A protocol of synthesis of monazite powder sufficiently indurated to be mechanically stirred has been developed. Electrophoretic mobility measurements highlight that the surface properties of the synthetic monazite materials were similar to those of natural monazite with complex chemistry showing, in addition, that the presence of several atom substitutions in the monazite crystal lattice has no influence on its electrophoretic mobility
Melo, Carlos Henrique Veloso de. "The challenges of multi-mineral assemblages in the reverse cationic flotation of iron ores." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0190.
Full textIron ore is the main raw material for the steel production and generally it must be processed to reach the specifications required by the steel industry. The iron ore mining industry is nowfacing increasingly lean-grade deposits with complex mineral assemblages. This study addresses the upgrade of a magnetic concentrate from Peña Colorada mine in Mexico by reverse cationic flotation. Peña Colorada deposit is an iron skarn with an average iron content of 36%. It is composed by several mineral phases that were identified in a detailed mineralogical characterisation programme. Iron-bearing silicates such as chamosite and epidote are the problematic minerals to draw attention to. They present certain properties that are like the iron oxides. The current processing of this ore is made by magnetic separation and yet the silica content of the final concentrate remains between 4 and 5%, too high for the upstream process. Traditional techniques like magnetic separation or gravity separation are not capable to promote further separation. The intrinsic properties of these minerals do not have enough contrast and the liberation is reached only at micrometre sizes. Flotation is proposed in this study as a technique capable of playing with those properties to make this separation possible. The surface chemistry study of the minerals coupled with comparative adsorption isotherms with depressants, has shown that corn starch does not promote selectivity for such a complex iron ore, adsorbing on all minerals. The testing of alternative depressants highlighted humic acid as a viable depressant to sponsor the required level of selectivity in the separation by flotation. Micro-flotation experiments with pure minerals show that chamosite behaves very similar to iron oxides, not presenting good floatabilities with amines, like the other two silicates. Bench flotation tests with a material previously screened at 53 μm leads to a high-quality concentrate with 1.82% of silica and 84% of iron recovery, when humic acid is selected as depressant. Locked cycle tests trying to simulate a continuous process gave an excellent response of a concentrate with 2.78% of silica and 85% of iron recovery, with an altered natural polysaccharide as depressant. Pilot tests also confirmed the feasibility of the method with a concentrate with 2.06% of silica content and 64% of iron recovery, that should be improved by the addition of more scavenger stages. The use of column flotation for this stage is entirely possible, considering that its tests indicated a high iron recovery of 96%. A concentration route combining fine screening at 53 μm and reverse cationic flotation of silicates using alternative depressant as humic acid or altered natural polysaccharides has proven to be effective in achieving the desired quality levels for the iron concentrate at high iron recovery levels. Finally, molecular modelling identified that the strange behaviour of chamosite is mainly because it is less hydrophilic than the other minerals involved in flotation
Gonzalez, Chavez Jose Luz. "Influence des conditions de potentiel et de complexation sur les mécanismes de flottation des minéraux sulfurés : Application à la séparation arsénopyrite/pyrite." Nancy 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10179.
Full textKaba, Oumar Barou. "Étude des mécanismes et microprocessus régissant les interactions entre les espèces minérales et les modulateurs de flottation en vue de la valorisation des minerais de phosphates complexes." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0038.
Full textBecause of the depletion of high grade phosphate deposits, usually associated with silicate gangue minerals, which are easy to treat by grinding/classification and/or by flotation, the industry has to rely more on carbonate gangue phosphate ores which are more abundant but more difficult to beneficiate by flotation. Most of the minerals contained in these phosphate ores are semi soluble, which results in a similar chemistry of their surface and a poor separation by flotation between the phosphate minerals such as apatite (calcium phosphate) and the gangue minerals such as calcite (calcium carbonate). The reverse flotation method in acid medium has been found to produce a better contrast of separation between calcite and apatite. This method relies on the addition of an acid such as phosphoric acid which acts as a selective depressant of apatite. However, the mechanisms governing this mineral separation and in particular the reactions occurring at the surface of these minerals are not very well understood. The objective of this thesis is to study the reactivity of calcite and apatite in aqueous solution as a function of phosphoric acid concentration and reaction time. For this, several analytical techniques (Raman, infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies, and X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy) are used to measure the nature of the species adsorbed or formed at the surface of calcite and apatite. In particular, with Raman spectroscopy it was possible to measure directly in-situ the changes occurring in solution and at the mineral surface in the presence of phosphoric acid, which should eliminate any possible artefact caused by the drying of the samples when using the other analytical techniques. The first major result was on the reactivity of the two minerals measured after 15 min of contact with an acid solution reveals the phenomenon of passivation of the surface deduced from the variation of the consumption of the protons with the concentration of acid. Indeed, all the in-situ and ex-situ analytical techniques used in this study have shown the presence of calcium phosphate (brushite) on calcite and of calcium carbonate on apatite after contact with phosphoric acid, and with a concentration which increases with acid concentration. Moreover, the acid concentration for the onset of detection of calcium phosphate on calcite and for the start of passivation (decrease in acid consumption) coincides, which implies that the presence of calcium phosphate is responsible for the passivation. For apatite, although the acid concentration for the onset of detection of calcium carbonate on apatite and for the start of passivation coincides, calcium carbonate was removed at higher phosphoric acid concentrations. However, kinetic in-situ studies using Raman spectroscopy performed at several phosphoric acid concentrations and at a fixed pH of 4.5 all confirmed the presence of calcium carbonate on apatite but also revealed that a new phase of calcium phosphate was also present after only 2 min of contact with phosphoric acid and its concentration increased with contact time. Surprisingly, the presence of calcium phosphate and its growth on apatite were transient, lasting 5-6 min before quickly vanishing and then reappearing again for several cycles. These cycles of calcium phosphate growth and disappearance on apatite may be the result of precipitation of calcium phosphate followed by their removal in the chemical and / or mechanical conditions. Similar kinetic in-situ studies of calcite using Raman spectroscopy under the same conditions as with apatite confirmed the presence of calcium phosphate (brushite) on calcite but only after 4 minutes of contact with phosphoric acid, indicating a slower kinetic of calcium phosphate formation than on apatite [...]