Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Réaction alcali-granulats'
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Idir, Rachida. "Mécanismes d'action des fines et des granulats de verre sur la réaction alcali-silice et la réaction pouzzolanique." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1934.
Full textBourdot, Alexandra. "Étude de l’influence des schistes calcinés sur la réaction Alcali-Silice pour une meilleure valorisation en bétons de granulats réactifs." Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10121/document.
Full textThe use of the so-called “potentially reactive” (PR) aggregates, with respect to Alkali-Silica Reaction (ASR), leads to concrete degradations. In order to avoid the expansion of concrete made with them, some mineral additions such as burnt oil shales (SC) can be used as substituents to the clinker. The present work has a two aims, first to better understand the role of the SC against ASR and then the behavior of the siliceous limestone PR of Brunnen towards ASR. Among the aggregates used, the Brunnen was characterized. The presence of crypto to micro-SiO2, consisting of monocrystalline quartz, seems to be very reactive by its small size and would engender the expansion of concretes based on this aggregate. Despite a mineralogical and textural complexity, a micro-SiO2 was highlighted. The action of SC towards ASR was then studied by a model reactor and finally in concretes. Results show a beneficial effect of SC in the model reactor, in spite of non optimal conditions to show the pozzolanic reaction. As far as that goes, SC allowed the decrease of concrete expansions under the threshold limit for a 17 %wt of SC for flint and 30 %wt of SC or with CEM II/B-M (S,T) 42,5 R (Robusto 4R-S) for siliceous limestones. SC could have a dual effect of inhibiting ASR by fixing alkalis on products of the pozzolanic reaction and also neutralizing alkalis on its micro-SiO2
Moisson, Marc. "Contribution à la maîtrise de la Réaction Alcali Silice par ajout de fines de granulats réactifs dans le béton." Toulouse, INSA, 2005. http://eprint.insa-toulouse.fr/archive/00000072/.
Full textThe objective of this thesis was to show that reactive aggregate fines can be used to counteract the effects of alkali silica reaction (ASR). Several mortars and concretes were made with five reactive aggregates : a quartzite, a siliceous limestone, an opal, an alluvial aggregate and a glass. The test-bar were conserved at 60°C and 100% RH or alternatively in an autoclave at 127°C. The test-bar on mortars allowed us to confirm that reactive aggregate fines reduce expansion ; the mortars in the autoclave permit to study the influence of the quantity and the fineness of fines. Finally the results were confirmed on concrete stored at 60°C, at least on a qualitative level. Mechanical tests and physicochemical studies were made with the objective to correlate the swelling caused by the ASR with microstructure. Finally, a numerical simulation, based on the software CEMHYD 3d, was made with the objective of explaining the phenomenon of reduction of the swelling by the use of reactive fines. The main conclusions are :On four out of five, reactive aggregate fines reduced or canceled the expansion due to ASR ;these fines addition raised systematically the strength of concrete ;microscopic observations made on test-bar with reactive fines did not reveal gel of ASR. On the contrary the test-bar without fines revealed a generalized contamination by inflating gel of the interfaces between paste and aggregates. The reduction in swelling is due to the lowering of alkaline concentration in the pore
Moundoungou, Idriss. "Une étude de faisabilité pour une meilleure utilisation dans le matériau béton de granulats " potentiellement réactifs " vis-à-vis de la réaction alcali-silice." Phd thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00587058.
Full textNguyen, Vu Nam. "Valorisation de fines et granulats issus de bétons recyclés comme matériaux cimentaires : Enhancement of fine and aggregate issued from recycled concrete as cementitious materials." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30058/document.
Full textThe concrete consumption has been becoming more and more important due to the increase of urbanization requiring the rehabilitation and the construction of buildings and infrastructure. Nevertheless, the concrete production that accompanies the urban development leads to many environmental problems related to the preservation of natural resources which are not inexhaustible. Despite of recycling efforts, most of recycled materials are typically used for road works or embankment. By participating in the French National Project Recybéton, this thesis aims to assess the enhancement of recycling materials issued from deconstructed concretes by incorporating them in new concrete design. Two types of recycled materials will be studied, the powder produced in large quantities during the crushing phase of demolished concrete, and the aggregates (sand and gravel) whose the most part issued from the initial natural aggregates. Therefore, research study aims to quantify the properties of cementitious materials in various states by the use of: • recycled aggregates in the granular skeleton, grinded recycled concrete sand and powder of dust removal as supplementary cementing materials. The first part is dedicated to the study of the influence of moisture states of recycled aggregates (sand and gravel) on the concrete's rheology evolution in time and the study of their impact on 28 days compressive strength. The results obtained within the limit of experimental context will allow suggesting recommendations on the initial moisture state of recycled aggregates and their incorporation's rate in the concrete mix. The second part presents the evaluation of the feasibility of using grinded recycled concrete sand and crushed concrete powder (industrially recovered) as supplementary cementing materials. From the results, it will be possible to assess the extent that these fines are compatible with cement matrix in the fresh state, hardening state and hardened state. The third part proposes a way to limit the problem of Alkali-Aggregate Reaction (AAR) in recycled concrete. The strategy is based on two methods. The first insists to verify the applicability of the FD P18-464 documentation when using recycled aggregates. The second examines the interest in the use of mineral additives to limit or even prevent the AAR
Monnin, Yann. "Méthodologie pour décrire le gonflement multi-échelle de calcaires siliceux soumis à la réaction alcali-silice dans le matériau béton." Phd thesis, Université d'Artois, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00097676.
Full textLa présence d'un effet de pessimum dans les calcaires siliceux a été mise en évidence sur des formulations béton à base de sable et de gravillons calcaires siliceux réactifs. Un modèle chimique basé sur le gonflement du sable réactif et la fixation non expansive d'une part des alcalins par les tétraèdres silicates Q3 initiaux des gravillons décrit bien le phénomène observé.
Charpin, Laurent. "Modèle micromécanique pour l'étude de l'anisotropie de la réaction alcali-silice." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00873539.
Full textBoukari, Younes. "Contribution à la caractérisation des bétons endommagés par la réaction alcali-silice : apports combinés de méthodes physico-chimiques et acoustiques non linéaires." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10098/document.
Full textMonitoring tools currently used to characterize multi-scale degradation of concrete by alkali-silica reaction (ASR) show some obvious limitations to an accurate diagnosis. Macroscopic scale tools usually show a low sensitivity to progressive microcracking in concrete. From microscopic and mesoscopic points of view, the systematic use of microscopy limits the representativeness and quantification of observations made. This thesis evaluates the contribution of physicochemical parameters (deterioration of the reactive silica) and non-destructive testing (characterization of nonlinear elastic behaviour of concrete) for detecting and quantifying deterioration caused by ASR in concrete. A laboratory study on concrete containing Spratt limestone as coarse aggregate was performed to compare the physicochemical and nonlinear parameters to more commonly used ones for ASR damage assessment (swelling of concrete, petrographic examination, compressive strength, tensile strength, static and dynamic modulus of elasticity, ultrasonic pulse velocity). Physicochemical analysis allowed to measure early impairment of reactive silica, quantified by an increasing quantity of silanols and an increase of its apparent volume. The microcracking caused by the granular skeleton swelling could be monitored by the frequency shift linear parameter with a ten times higher sensitivity than linear parameters. Tests were also performed on concrete samples extracted from a lock affected by ASR (with reactive aggregate similar to Spratt limestone) and allowed to confirm the interest of the proposed parameters on a real case study
Morenon, Pierre. "Modélisation des réactions de gonflement interne des bétons avec prise en compte des couplages poro-mécaniques et chimiques." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30138/document.
Full textInternal swelling reactions (ISR) damage the concrete of structures such as dams. Electricité De France (EDF) must ensure the safety of the people and goods located below the dam. This work aims to improve the modeling of the physical phenomena related to these damages, especially the interaction between the swelling product and the solid skeleton. The intraporous stress generated by the product pressure can create cracking, which, in the proposed model, can occur at two scales: - At a microscopic scale, the swelling product fills the gaps around the reaction site, which induces cracking and a decrease of the materials' characteristics (tensile and compression strengths, Young's modulus). Numerically, an anisotropic plastic criteria and a hardening law allow modelling this phenomenon. - At a macroscopic level, swelling gradients can develop inside concrete structures whose stress states and climatic conditions (humidity and temperature) are not homogeneous. A localized cracking can begin. It is a source of structure dislocation risks and stress concentrations in structural reinforcement. It may ease the way in for outside aggressive agents and water, an essential component for these reactions. Hydro-poro-mechanical couplings need to be taken into account when simulating these phenomena. The cracking is modelled by a Rankine plastic criterion whose dissipated energy is regularized by the Hillerborg's method. After presenting the model, several stress states and environmental conditions are applied to the model in order to validate it on: - samples under multi-axial stresses and restraints, - plain and reinforced beams submitted to moisture gradients in laboratory, - 1950s dams in real conditions. The results of the model make it possible to reproduce the displacements, the stresses and residual strength of these structures after aging. For the beams submitted to alkali aggregate reaction, the numerical results show a relevant prediction of the stress induced by reinforcement, confirmed by the failure behaviour. Nevertheless, the model encounters calibration difficulties for beams affected by delayed ettringite formation. They come from large swelling amplitude and diffusion-cracking coupling which are inherent to these structure behaviours. This model is a tool for concrete structure requalification in order to ensure their safety. It can also be a basis for diverse rehabilitations and reinforcement works simulation
Ftatsi, Mbetmi Guy-De-Patience. "Fiabilité résiduelle des ouvrages en béton dégradés par réaction alcali-granulat : application au barrage hydroélectrique de Song Loulou." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30116/document.
Full textThis work proposes a multi-scale methodology based on the use of surrogate models function of random variables, to evaluate the residual reliability of concrete structures suffering from alkali-aggregate reaction (AAR), for a better maintenance purpose. Surrogate models, based on polynomial chaos expansion of the parameters of a shape function (sigmoid in the studied cases), have been constituted at several scales, in particular in order to reduce computation time of the underlying physical models. At the microscopic scale, the AAR model employed is that developed by Multon, Sellier and Cyr in 2009, initially comprising about twenty potential random variables. At the end of a Morris sensitivity analysis, the surrogate model enables to reproduce the expansion curve over time of the representative elementary volume as a function of nine random variables. The use of the built-in surrogate model in predicting the mechanical effects of AAR expansion on a concrete core required to take into account the anisotropy of these effects by improving the weight functions proposed by Saouma and Perotti in 2006. The core's scale being validated by the comparison of the predictions with the experimental data of Multon's thesis work, an application at the scale of the Song Loulou dam was undertaken. The computation of the thermo-chemo-mechanical behavior of a spillway stack, whose results in displacement could be compared with the auscultation data provided by the company AES-SONEL (now ENEO), was realized. Surrogate models were then constructed at the scale of the structure to obtain displacements at the points of interest, related to the operating limit states of the spillways, and thus to estimate the residual reliability of the dam. The sensitivity analysis computations as well as the construction of the surrogate models were implemented in Fortran, Java and OpenTURNS. Computations on concrete cores and Song Loulou dam spillway were performed under Cast3M
Dehaudt, Sylvain. "Étude de la dégradation d'un béton soumis à la réaction alcali-granulat." Lille 1, 2002. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2002/50376-2002-193.pdf.
Full textBulteel, David. "Quantification de la réaction alcali-silice : application à un silex du Nord de la France." Lille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LIL10116.
Full textGao, Xiao Xiao. "Contribution to the requalification of alkali silica reaction (ASR) damaged structures : assessment of the ASR advancement in aggregates by alkali silica reaction." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ISAT0034/document.
Full textIn order to answer the questions of the ASR-affected structures owners, this work focused on a part of a global methodology, which is proposed originally by the LMDC and EDF, aiming to reassess the mechanical behavior of ASR-damaged constructions. To achieve this purpose, the chemical advancement of ASR in the aggregates recovered from the structure should be evaluated. Thus, this work focuses on the assessment of the potentially reactive silica content with two main methods: indirectly by expansion test and directly by chemical methods. The presentation of this manuscript is around the following points: • A relevant and rapid expansion test on mortars to link the reactive silica content to measured expansion. The experimental condition: 1 mol/l NaOH solution conserved at 60°C is chosen to test different aggregate sizes, specimen sizes and natures of aggregate. • A fast chemical method of selective dissolution to measure directly the silica available for ASR. Acid/basic methods are tested and compared; HF / HF+HCl method is found to be the most effective. • A chemo-mechanical model to analyze the effect of aggregate size and specimen size, and evaluate the chemical advancement of ASR. Finally, a methodology is proposed to calculate the kinetics constant in the framework of structural requalification. Key words: alkali-silica reaction (ASR), chemical advancement, reactive silica, expansion test, chemical test, chemo-mechanical model, kinetic constant, selective dissolution
Riche, Jérémie. "La réaction alcali-silice : approche cinétique et mécanisme d'expansion : étude du système silex-chaux-potasse à 80°C." Lille 1, 2003. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2003/50376-2003-39.pdf.
Full textCurtil, Laurence. "Comportement chimique de la silice vitreuse et de l'opale dans les milieux basiques : application à l'étude de la réaction alcali-granulat dans les bétons hydrauliques." Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO10097.
Full textPoyet, Stéphane. "Étude de la dégradation des ouvrages en béton atteints par la réaction alcali-silice : approche expérimentale et modélisation numérique multi-échelles des dégradations dans un environnement hydro-chemo-mécanique variable." Marne-la-Vallée, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MARN0193.
Full textGrimal, Etienne. "Caractérisation des effets du gonflement provoqué par la réaction alcali-silice sur le comportement mécanique d'une structure en béton." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU30029.
Full textThe principal structures affected by alkali aggregate reaction (AAR) are dams and bridges. In order to evaluate the safety level and the maintenance costs of its dams, “Electricité de France” (EDF) in collaboration with the Laboratory of Materials and Durability of Constructions (LMDC) has developed a numerical model integrated in the finite element computer code Aster in order to simulate AAR-affected structures. One of the purposes of this model is to quantify both swelling and damage in terms of anisotropy and amplitude. Indeed, recent experimental investigations confirm that AAR swelling becomes strongly anisotropic as soon as the stress state is deviatoric. This model is in the continuity of recent research carried out on AAR simulations, effects of moisture and temperature are take into account. Obtaining a good prediction of expansive phenomena requires the identification and the realistic modelling of physical, chemical and mechanical mechanisms. Among these phenomena, basic creep in compression and tension play a significant role. In this work, a method of identification of the parameters of the model is proposed. The model is tested on an experimental result carried out on mini-structure at the “Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées” (LCPC); finally, the model is used to reproduce the mechanical behavior of “ Temple sur Lot” dam
Hamoudi, Amine. "Réaction alcali-silice dans le béton : étude de la dégradation structurale comparée de composés SiO2 (silice amorphe, quartz, silex)." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10113/document.
Full textThe relationships between the structure and the physical and chemical properties are very important in materials. In particular, the degree of order, the crystal defects and the structural heterogeneities or chemical parameters appear to play a key role in the reactivity of materials. This work is devoted to the study of the reactivity of silica-based materials, and shows of the influence of ordering and crystallinity on the sensitivity to the alkali silica reaction. In this perspective, the reactivity of three different materials: silica glass, aggregates (Flint) and quartz was followed by various techniques. Quartz reacts very slowly whereas the silica glass reacts very quickly, the aggregate exhibiting an intermediate behavior. A closer analysis shows that the amorphous or poorly crystalline fraction of the aggregate reacts preferentially. The role played by these poorly crystalline fractions suggests the use of techniques sensitive to short and medium range order such as: X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XANES and EXAFS) and solid state NMR. Chemical maps obtained by electron microscopy (scanning or in transmission) or at the synchrotron, show that the potassium K+ is the first to diffuse and that penetration of calcium Ca++ is more sluggish in crystalline silica. Locally, silicon NMR analysis shows that depolymerization of the crystalline lattice allows further penetration of calcium. The micro-XANES reveals the presence of several environments around silicon atoms. One exhibits four oxygen first neighbours and the other has less than four oxygen atoms around the silicon. On the other hand, the EXAFS shows the absence of Ca or K in the second layer of neighbouring silicon atom absorber. These results help to advance the understanding of reaction mechanisms occurring in the aggregate altered by the reaction
Rousselet, Angélique. "Inhibition de la réaction alcali-silice par le lithium : efficacité en milieu modèle et en matrice cimentaire et compréhension des mécanismes d’inhibition." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10186/document.
Full textAlkali-silica reaction (ASR) is a deleterious reaction taking place in concrete. Lithium is known to inhibit ASR, unfortunately the quantities of lithium required to enable inhibition fluctuate with the experimental conditions and the materials tested and the mechanisms by which this element inhibits ASR are not fully understood. The study presented in this report has two goals : assessing the quantities of lithium required to inhibit ASR and improving the understanding of the inhibition mechanisms. The influence of different lithium compounds on the inhibition of ASR was studied using model reactors (concrete sub-system simulating ASR) containing a reactive flint aggregate. The degradation of silica due to ASR was assessed by different chemical and physical reaction degrees. The results led to the following conclusions: the inhibition of ASR by lithium ions evolves nonlinearly with the quantity of lithium (threshold effect) and the counter-ion accompanying the lithium does not have a significant influence on ASR inhibition. The expansive behaviour of three different aggregates in mortars containing LiOH also displayed the threshold effect observed previously. In order to recycle industrial waste, two lithium-containing slags were used in mortar bars and one of them happened to be effective to inhibit ASR. Finally, to improve the understanding of ASR inhibition, mortar bars containing LiOH were analysed by techniques capable of detecting lithium such as ToF-SIMS. The latter revealed the presence of lithium within flint particles in a non-expansive bar, which suggests that lithium inhibits ASR by stabilising reactive silica
Mbemba, Kiele Molingo. "Etude de la durabilité chimique des verres alcali-résistants de type Cemfil synthétisés à partir des Refiom en vue de la valoriser comme des renforts dans les matrices cimentaires." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00646981.
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