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Academic literature on the topic 'Réaction gliale'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Réaction gliale"
Journiac, Nathalie. "Etude du rôle du facteur de transcription RORα dans la réaction gliale." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066031.
Full textThorel, Nathalie. "Rôle du complément dans la réaction inflammatoire gliale : contribution à l'étude du CR2/CD21 et du GPR176." Rouen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ROUES041.
Full textIn order to decipher the function of anaphylatoxins in the central nervous system, we stimulated glioblastomas cells with C3a which leads us to the discovery of two molecules induced by C3a. CR2 is expressed on astrocytes but its function is unknown. We produced a monoclonal antibody which can activate astrocytic CR2 which translocates with TAPA-1 and with the non-muscle caldesmon. These proteins are known to arrest cell migration. In a second part, we study the GPR176 whose ligand is unknown. We immunized rabbits and mice with four protocols but we failed to obtain an antibody. We localized GPR176 in the central nervous system and particularly in the lombar spinal cord and in locus coeruleus. We produced a stable cell line which will be used in ligand finding. These results don't show an interaction between the complex TAPA-1/CR2 and GPR176 with glial inflammation but findings obtained with CR2 suppose a role of this receptor in promoting glial scar formation
Hamon, Annaïg. "Etude de la signalisation Hippo/YAP dans les cellules gliales de Müller en conditions physiologiques et pathologiques de dégénérescence rétinienne chez la souris." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS558/document.
Full textRetinal dystrophies are one of the main causes of blindness. Among the different therapeutic strategies currently studied, our team is interested in the regenerative potential of endogenous retinal cells. A cellular source of interest are Müller cells, which are the main type of glial cells in the retina. These cells are able to reactivate in case of retinal degeneration and adopt various characteristics of stem cells. They enter a state called reactive gliosis. While in some species such as the fish, they allow the complete regeneration of the retina, they have very limited and ineffective regenerative capacities in mammals. Increasing our knowledge of the complex molecular response of Müller cells to retinal degeneration is thus essential for the development of promising new therapeutic strategies. In this context, the aim of my thesis project was to study the role of the co-transcription factor YAP in Müller cells reactivation. This protein is the main effector of the Hippo signaling pathway which is a crucial player in the field of stem cell biology and regeneration.As a first step, we performed a transcriptomic analysis, which revealed that the Hippo/YAP pathway is one of the main signaling deregulated in a mouse model of photoreceptor degeneration. In particular, we found that YAP is specifically expressed in Müller cells and strongly upregulated upon retinal degeneration, when these cells are reactivated. We thus uncovered for the first time a link between the Hippo/YAP pathway and reactive gliosis in the retina. Consequently, the second part of my thesis project was to undertake a functional study of YAP in Müller cells. For this purpose, we generated, by crossing, a mouse model allowing for Yap conditional knockout specifically in these cells. This model allowed us to show that Yap deletion leads to deregulation of several Müller cell specific genes. A phenotypic analysis revealed that these molecular deregulations lead to premature aging of Müller cells and visual defects in old mice. These results suggest that YAP is required for normal function of Müller glial cells. We then studied the impact of Yap deletion in Müller cells under degenerative conditions. A transcriptomic analysis revealed that various aspects of the molecular response of reactive Müller cells are affected in the absence of Yap. Among the deregulated biological processes, we focussed in particular in the regulation of cell proliferation. We found that YAP is required to trigger cell cycle gene upregulation that occurs in Müller glial cells following photoreceptor cell death. Furthermore, our results suggest that some components of the EGFR signaling pathway, which is known for its central role in the reactivation of Müller cells in pathological conditions, are regulated by YAP in Müller cells.Taken together, these results highlight the importance of YAP (i) in Müller cell function under physiological conditions to maintain retinal homeostasis, and (ii) in the regulation of Müller cell reactivation process under degenerative conditions. Moreover, these data allow us to propose a model in which YAP would be involved in the control of Müller glia cell cycle re-entry through its interaction with the EGFR signaling pathway. Therefore, this work has contributed to increase our knowledge of the signaling network involved in the reactivation of Müller cells in the mammalian retina
Crespel, Arielle. "Rôle de la glie dans la réaction inflammatoire et la réorganisation morphologique dans les épilepsies humaines du lobe temporal avec sclérose hippocampique." Montpellier 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON1T013.
Full textKonukoglu, Ender. "Modélisation de la croissance des gliomes et personnalisation des modéles de croissance à l'aide d'images médicales." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00633697.
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