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Journal articles on the topic 'Reactive attachment disorder (RAD)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Lehmann, Stine, Sebastien Monette, Helen Egger, et al. "Development and Examination of the Reactive Attachment Disorder and Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder Assessment Interview." Assessment 27, no. 4 (2018): 749–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073191118797422.

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The fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual ( DSM) categorizes reactive attachment disorder (RAD) and disinhibited social engagement disorder (DSED) as two separate disorders, and their criteria are revised. For DSED, the core symptoms focus on abnormal social disinhibition, and symptoms regarding lack of selective attachment have been removed. The core symptoms of RAD are the absence of attachment behaviors and emotional dysregulation. In this study, an international team of researchers modified the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment for RAD to update it from DSM-IV to

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2

Pritchett, Rachel, Jennifer Pritchett, Emma Marshall, Claire Davidson, and Helen Minnis. "Reactive Attachment Disorder in the General Population: A Hidden ESSENCE Disorder." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/818157.

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Reactive attachment disorder (RAD) is a severe disorder of social functioning. Previous research has shown that children with RAD may have poor cognitive and language abilities; however, findings mainly come from biased, institutionalised samples. This paper describes the characteristics of all children who were given a suspected or likely diagnosis of reactive attachment disorder in an epidemiological study of approximately 1,600 children investigating the prevalence of RAD in the general population. We found that children with RAD are more likely to have multiple comorbidities with other dis

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Tibbits-Kleber, A. Lura, and Robert J. Howell. "Reactive Attachment Disorder of Infancy (RAD)." Journal of Clinical Child Psychology 14, no. 4 (1985): 304–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15374424jccp1404_6.

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4

Seim, Astrid R., Thomas Jozefiak, Lars Wichstrøm, and Nanna S. Kayed. "Validity of reactive attachment disorder and disinhibited social engagement disorder in adolescence." European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 29, no. 10 (2019): 1465–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00787-019-01456-9.

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AbstractAlthough reactive attachment disorder (RAD) and disinhibited social engagement disorder (DSED) are acknowledged as valid disorders in young children, controversy remains regarding their validity in adolescence. An unresolved question is whether symptoms of RAD and DSED are better conceptualized as other psychiatric disorders at this age. All adolescents (N = 381; 67% consent; 12–20 years old) living in residential youth care in Norway were interviewed to determine the symptoms and diagnosis of RAD/DSED and other common psychiatric disorders using the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric As

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Minnis, Helen, Susan Macmillan, Rachel Pritchett, et al. "Prevalence of reactive attachment disorder in a deprived population." British Journal of Psychiatry 202, no. 5 (2013): 342–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.112.114074.

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BackgroundReactive attachment disorder (RAD) is associated with early childhood maltreatment and has unknown population prevalence beyond infancy.AimsTo estimate RAD prevalence in a deprived population of children.MethodAll 1646 children aged 6-8 years old in a deprived sector of an urban UK centre were screened for RAD symptoms. Parents of high and low scorers were interviewed using semi-structured interviews probing for psychopathology and individuals likely to have RAD were offered face-to-face assessment.ResultsQuestionnaire data were available from 92.8% of teachers and 65.8% of parents.

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Talmón-Knuser, Florencia, Francisco González-Sala, Laura Lacomba-Trejo, and Paula Samper-García. "Reactive Attachment Disorder and Its Relationship to Psychopathology: A Systematic Review." Children 10, no. 12 (2023): 1892. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children10121892.

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This study aimed to determine, through a systematic review, the relationship between Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD) and the presence of psychopathology in children and adolescents, and to determine the existence of differences in terms of internalising and externalising psychological problems between the RAD group and groups with other disorders or with typical development. Following the PRISMA methodology, a search was carried out in the Web of Science, PubMed and Scopus databases. The search yielded 770 results, of which only 25 met the inclusion criteria. The results indicate a relation

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Dian mustika maya, Dian Mustika. "GAMBARAN PERILAKU RAD (Reactive Attachment Disorder) PADA ANAK USIA SEKOLAH." Psikodidaktika: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, Psikologi, Bimbingan dan Konseling 3, no. 2 (2019): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.32663/psikodidaktika.v3i2.378.

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Abstrak. Perilaku Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD) merupakan salah satu akibat dari tidak terpenuhinya kebutuhan kelekatan pada masa anak-anak. Maya, Dian Mustika & Zumkasri (2017) menunjukkan bahwa di kota Bengkulu jenis kelekatan yang diterapkan termasuk dalam Insecure Attachment (kelekatan yang tidak aman). Kelekatan ini merupakan kelekatan anak terhadap pengasuh yang kurang mengerti kebutuhan psikologis anak. Anak dalam kondisi ini akan sangat beresiko mengalami gangguan perkembangan (Wiebe, 2006). Dalam penelitian ini peneliti mencoba untuk mengambarkan Perilaku RAD (Reactive

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Talmón-Knuser, Florencia, Miriam Soler, Francisco González-Sala, Laura Lacomba-Trejo, and Paula Samper-García. "A Systematic Review on Assessing Assessments: Unveiling Psychometric Properties of Instruments for Reactive Attachment Disorder and Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder in Minors under Protective Measures." Children 11, no. 2 (2024): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children11020144.

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Background: Reactive attachment disorder (RAD) and disinhibited social engagement disorder (DSED) manifest in individuals facing attachment system challenges, particularly observed in minors under protective measures. The lack of standardized tools for assessing these difficulties and uncertainty about the most effective instruments from a psychometric perspective prompted this study. Aim: Using the COSMIN checklist, we systematically reviewed instruments assessing RAD, adhering to PRISMA. Methodology: Examined tools included the Disturbance Attachment Interview, Preschool Age Psychiatric Asse

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9

Takiguchi, Shinichiro, Takashi X. Fujisawa, Sakae Mizushima, et al. "Ventral striatum dysfunction in children and adolescents with reactive attachment disorder: functional MRI study." BJPsych Open 1, no. 2 (2015): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjpo.bp.115.001586.

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BackgroundChild maltreatment is a major risk factor for psychopathology, including reactive attachment disorder (RAD).AimsTo examine whether neural activity during reward processing was altered in children and adolescents with RAD.MethodSixteen children and adolescents with RAD and 20 typically developing (TD) individuals performed tasks with high and low monetary rewards while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging.ResultsSignificantly reduced activity in the caudate and nucleus accumbens was observed during the high monetary reward condition in the RAD group compared with the TD gr

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Mirza, Khadija, Gracia Mwimba, Rachel Pritchett, and Claire Davidson. "Association between Reactive Attachment Disorder/Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder and Emerging Personality Disorder: A Feasibility Study." Scientific World Journal 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5730104.

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A systematic review of reactive attachment disorder (RAD)/disinhibited social engagement disorder (DSED) in adolescence highlighted that young people with the disorder had indiscriminate friendliness with difficulties in establishing and maintaining stable relationships. Most reported experiences of rejection. We were struck by similarities between the above and features of emergence of personality disorders (EPD). This feasibility study aimed to determine best ways of recruiting and retaining vulnerable young people and the proportion of participants with RAD/DSED who might have emerging bord

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Nelson, Rebecca, Guy Chadwick, Molly Bruce, Genevieve Young-Southward, and Helen Minnis. "Can reactive attachment disorder persist in nurturing placements? A systematic review and clinical case series." Developmental Child Welfare 2, no. 2 (2020): 110–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2516103220940326.

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Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD), is characterized by failure to seek and accept comfort in maltreated children. This lack of activation of the attachment system has profound developmental disadvantages yet, in early childhood, usually resolves quickly after placement in nurturing care. Persistence of RAD into middle childhood has been demonstrated in children reared in Romanian Institutions but, in family-reared children older children, there is controversy regarding whether RAD-like behaviors are genuinely attachment-related and stable from early childhood or are, in fact, related to PTSD.

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Sheperis, Carl J., R. Anthony Doggett, Nicholas E. Hoda, et al. "The Development of an Assessment Protocol for Reactive Attachment Disorder." Journal of Mental Health Counseling 25, no. 4 (2003): 291–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.17744/mehc.25.4.x1bwb2xyd1p638bh.

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Attachment is a critical issue among children in foster and adoptive settings. It is essential for mental health counselors who work with these children to develop appropriate appraisal skills for diagnosing Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD), a syndrome associated with extreme attachment problems. However, there is no comprehensive procedure to assess a child for RAD.Thus, we propose a battery of semi-structured interviews, global assessment scales, attachment-specific scales, and behavioral observations to help mental health counselors identify the disorder. We provide a case example to illu

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Giltaij, Hans P., Paula S. Sterkenburg, and Carlo Schuengel. "Adaptive behaviour, comorbid psychiatric symptoms, and attachment disorders." Advances in Mental Health and Intellectual Disabilities 10, no. 1 (2016): 82–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/amhid-07-2015-0035.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe the mental and intellectual developmental status of children with combined intellectual disabilities, reactive attachment disorder (RAD), and/or disinhibited social engagement disorder (DSED), and to describe the presence of comorbid diagnoses. Design/methodology/approach – The study included 55 children that were referred for psychiatric consultation due to low intellectual functioning (borderline or mild; IQ 50-84). Attachment diagnoses were based on the Clinical Observation of Attachment (COA) procedure. Development was measured with the Du

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Jung, Minyoung, Shinichiro Takiguchi, Shoko Hamamura, Yoshifumi Mizuno, Hirotaka Kosaka, and Akemi Tomoda. "Thalamic Volume Is Related to Increased Anterior Thalamic Radiations in Children with Reactive Attachment Disorder." Cerebral Cortex 30, no. 7 (2020): 4238–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaa051.

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Abstract Reactive attachment disorder (RAD) is associated with childhood maltreatment and affects approximately 1% of the general population. Recent data suggest that childhood maltreatment is associated with brain alterations in white and gray matter. However, the neural mechanisms of RAD-related brain alterations remain unknown. Herein, we evaluated the white matter pathways and gray matter volumes in 31 and 41 age-matched children with RAD and typical development (TD), respectively, by analyzing T1- and diffusion-weighted images. An increased fractional anisotropy (FA) and axial diffusivity

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Keniston, Alyssa, Alan Lewandowski, Katelyn Briggs, and Delaney Whynot. "A-86 Reactive Attachment Disorder in Adulthood: A Neuropsychological Perspective." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 36, no. 6 (2021): 1133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acab062.104.

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Abstract Objective The sequelae of poor attachment and trauma on psychological and social functioning is well documented, however, this complex relationship applied to a neuropsychological profile is less understood. The current case uses a neuropsychological assessment to further understand the brain-behavior relationship in a case of poor maternal attachment, multiple traumas, psychiatric comorbidities, and poor social adaptation. Method Patient is a 22-year-old, right-handed, Eastern European woman with fetal alcohol and infant toxic mold exposure, failure to thrive, maternal neglect, adopt

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Sheperis, Carl J., Edina L. Renfro-Michel, and R. Anthony Doggett. "In-Home Treatment of Reactive Attachment Disorder in a Therapeutic Foster Care System: A Case Example." Journal of Mental Health Counseling 25, no. 1 (2003): 76–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17744/mehc.25.1.krphhdq43bn4mawg.

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When trauma precedes a child's placement in the foster care system, it can lead to lasting mental health difficulties. Often, children who experience extreme, chronic trauma prior to age 5 develop Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD). However, the diagnosis of RAD is often overlooked. This article discusses the characteristics of RAD as well as diagnostic criteria and possible etiology. We present the case example of an adolescent diagnosed with RAD as an example of treatment from an in-home perspective.

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Coleman, Anne M., and Allen Rand Coleman. "Effectiveness of Therapeutic Attachment Camps for Improving Behavior in Children with Reactive Attachment Disorder." Open Family Studies Journal 9, no. 1 (2017): 132–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874922401709010132.

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Background:Early childhood attachment disruption manifests in disruptive, oppositional behavior and reduced ability for trusting intimate relationships. Chronic emotional disorder negatively affects the entire family system, making treatment difficult.Objective:The goal of the study was to assess a family therapeutic treatment program for children with Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD) conducted through an intensive, one-week camp.Methods:Therapeutic camps included training for caregivers, support for siblings, behavioral interventions for children with RAD, and family therapy exercises. Camp

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Pearce, Colby. "An integration of theory, science and reflective clinical practice in the care and management of attachment-disordered children: A Triple-A approach." Educational and Child Psychology 27, no. 3 (2010): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpsecp.2010.27.3.73.

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The formation of functional attachments is a critical developmental task of infancy and early childhood. Attachments play a significant role in the development of a child’s enduring beliefs about self, other and world (Attachment Representations). Infants become attached to the people who provide physical and emotional care on a continuous and consistent basis. Quality of care and the infant’s early experiences influence the type of attachment the infant develops. When care is grossly deficient and early experiences are characterised by physical and emotional distress, the infant’s attachment

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Schlein, Candace, and Raol J. Taft. "Possibilities for Home and School Partnering Interactions Among Children with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders and Attachment Issues." Open Family Studies Journal 9, no. 1 (2017): 90–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874922401709010090.

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Background: Students with Emotional Behavioral Disorder (EBD) and those with attachment issues, such as Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD), present school professionals with some of the most challenging behaviors experienced in schools. Family participation can be critical for promoting positive outcomes for children with behavioral concerns. Positive school and family partnering interactions can positively impact students behaviorally, academically, and socially. Objective: This article aims to provide an introductory framing for this special issue regarding school and family partnering inter

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Minnis, Helen, Claudia-Martina Messow, Alex McConnachie, et al. "Autism and attachment disorder symptoms in the general population: Prevalence, overlap, and burden." Developmental Child Welfare 2, no. 1 (2020): 37–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2516103220902778.

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Background: Co-occurring trauma-related and neurodevelopmental problems are common in maltreated children. In population research and clinical practice, these tend to be considered separately. Overlapping health problems, that is, “multi-morbidity,” in adulthood is associated with increased service burden and costs, but this has not been investigated in childhood. Methods: Using well-validated parent-report questionnaires, we examined the overlap between symptoms of the neurodevelopmental disorder autism (autism spectrum disorder, ASD) and symptoms of the trauma- and stressor-related disorders

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Kołodziejczak, Liliana. "Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD) in children living in a special childcare centres." Family Upbringing 13, no. 1 (2016): 469–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.61905/wwr/170681.

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Rola rodziców w wychowaniu dziecka jest szczególnie istotna dla prawidłowej socjalizacji i pomyślnego rozwoju jednostki. Co się jednak dzieje w sytuacji, gdy dziecko zamiast otrzymać od rodziców oczekiwanego poczucia bezpieczeństwa, szacunku i miłości, doznało zaniedbania czy nawet skrajnego nadużycia? A ponadto, jak może czuć się dziecko, które pomimo licznych cierpień, w ostatecznym rozrachunku i tak zostaje odrzucone przez swoich bliskich–oprawców i trafia do placówki opiekuńczo- -wychowawczej? W wyniku niepomyślnych doświadczeń, takiej jednostce mogą towarzyszyć Reaktywne Zaburzenia Więzi

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Lietor, M. D. C. Molina, I. Cuevas, and M. Blanco Prieto. "Child maltreatment, attachment and psychopathology: A case report." European Psychiatry 64, S1 (2021): S627. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1666.

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IntroductionThe exposure to child maltreatment increases the lifetime risk for many psychopathological symptoms: depression, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, post-traumatic stress disorder, personality disorder and dissociation. Besides, adopted children, especially those with a history of institutional living before adoption, are at greater risk for a range of developmental, behavioral and attachment concerns. The case report is of a 17-year-old male, with reactive attachment disorder (RAD). He suffered child maltreatment in his family of origin before the international ado

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Taft, Raol J., and Candace Schlein. "How Are We Doing?: Family-School Relationships and Children With Reactive Attachment Disorder." Open Family Studies Journal 9, no. 1 (2017): 146–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874922401709010146.

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Background:Students with Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD) might benefit academically, socially, behaviorally, and emotionally from the establishment of effective, collaborative partnerships between home and school. Enhanced family interactions with schools might prove to promote positive outcomes in both home and school settings.Objective:In this article, we examine the level and quality of home and school participation between parents of children with RAD and school professionals within the context of the principles of effective partnerships: communication, professional competence, respect,

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Titochka, Tetyana. "REACTIVE ATTACHMENT DISORDER AS A DERMINANT OF VICTIM BEHAVIOR OF MINORS." Ukrainian polyceistics: theory, legislation, practice 1, no. 1 (2021): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.32366/2709-9261-2021-1-1-151-158.

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The article is devoted to the consideration of the correlation between reactive attachment disorder and victim behavior of a minor. The author considers the main types of such a disorder and, depending on them, differentiates the type of victim of a criminal offense. It is noted that the lack of close emotional connection with the mother leads to a simplification of the worldview and destructive changes in the set of moral values. A child who is brought up in harsh conditions and placed in a certain framework gradually begins to feel discomfort, due to the inability to understand their place a

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Schlein, Candace, and Raol J. Taft. "Qualitative Explorations of Family-School Relationships Regarding Children with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders (EBD) and Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)." Open Family Studies Journal 9, no. 1 (2017): 88–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874922401709010088.

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Wenger, Christa, Sara Lyn Crump, Jessica LaFollette, and Megan Kurtz. "Explorations of Family-school Relationships Regarding Children with RAD and/or EBD: A Review of Relevant Literature from 1995-2016." Open Family Studies Journal 9, no. 1 (2017): 111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874922401709010111.

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Background: School and family interactions that include a focus on students from all backgrounds and ability levels are crucial for promoting students’ social, academic, and behavioral success. Specifically, it is important that educators and other stakeholders focus on developing effective interactions with the families of students who have Emotional and Behavioral Disorders (EBD) or Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD). Objective: The aim of this study is to gain an understanding of the relationships between schools and the families of students with EBD or RAD as represented in published resea

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Minnis, Helen. "REACTIVE ATTACHMENT DISORDER." Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 40, no. 2 (2001): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200102000-00005.

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Minnis, Helen, Rosalind Ramsay, and Lachlan Campbell. "Reactive Attachment Disorder." Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 184, no. 7 (1996): 440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005053-199607000-00009.

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Hornor, Gail. "Reactive Attachment Disorder." Journal of Pediatric Health Care 22, no. 4 (2008): 234–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pedhc.2007.07.003.

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Boris, Neil W., and Kimberly Renk. "Beyond Reactive Attachment Disorder." Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America 26, no. 3 (2017): 455–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chc.2017.03.003.

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Willcox, Emy. "Reactive attachment disorder in children." Paediatric Nursing 7, no. 6 (1995): 14–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/paed.7.6.14.s21.

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Minnis, Helen, Helen Marwick, Julie Arthur, and Alexis McLaughlin. "Reactive attachment disorder—a theoretical model beyond attachment." European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 15, no. 6 (2006): 336–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00787-006-0539-2.

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Corbin, James R. "Reactive Attachment Disorder: A Biopsychosocial Disturbance of Attachment." Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal 24, no. 6 (2007): 539–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10560-007-0105-x.

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Humphreys, Kathryn L., Charles A. Nelson, Nathan A. Fox, and Charles H. Zeanah. "Signs of reactive attachment disorder and disinhibited social engagement disorder at age 12 years: Effects of institutional care history and high-quality foster care." Development and Psychopathology 29, no. 2 (2017): 675–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579417000256.

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AbstractTwo disorders of attachment have been consistently identified in some young children following severe deprivation in early life: reactive attachment disorder and disinhibited social engagement disorder. However, less is known about whether signs of these disorders persist into adolescence. We examined signs of reactive attachment disorder and disinhibited social engagement disorder at age 12 years in 111 children who were abandoned at or shortly after birth and subsequently randomized to care as usual or to high-quality foster care, as well as in 50 comparison children who were never i

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Lake, Peter M. "Recognizing and Treating Reactive Attachment Disorder." Journal of Therapeutic Schools and Programs 2, no. 1 (2007): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.19157/jtsp.issue.02.01.06.

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Cline, Linda. "Reaching Kids with Reactive Attachment Disorder." Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services 46, no. 1 (2008): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/02793695-20080101-03.

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Columbia Embury, Dusty, Laura S. Clarke, and Christy Leaver. "Reactive attachment disorder in the classroom." Preventing School Failure: Alternative Education for Children and Youth 64, no. 3 (2020): 240–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1045988x.2020.1732281.

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Chapman, Sue. "Focus on Practice: Reactive attachment disorder." British Journal of Special Education 29, no. 2 (2002): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8527.00246.

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Zeanah, Charles H., Michael Scheeringa, Neil W. Boris, Sherryl S. Heller, Anna T. Smyke, and Jennifer Trapani. "Reactive attachment disorder in maltreated toddlers." Child Abuse & Neglect 28, no. 8 (2004): 877–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2004.01.010.

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Glowinski, Anne L. "Reactive Attachment Disorder: An Evolving Entity." Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 50, no. 3 (2011): 210–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2010.12.013.

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Hinshaw-Fuselier, Sarah, Neil W. Boris, and Charles H. Zeanah. "Reactive attachment disorder in maltreated twins." Infant Mental Health Journal 20, no. 1 (1999): 42–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0355(199921)20:1<42::aid-imhj4>3.0.co;2-b.

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Millward, R., E. Kennedy, K. Towlson, and H. Minnis. "Reactive attachment disorder in looked‐after children." Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties 11, no. 4 (2006): 273–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13632750601022212.

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Vega, Heather, Kimberly Cole, and Kenneth Hill. "Interventions for children with reactive attachment disorder." Nursing 49, no. 6 (2019): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.nurse.0000554615.92598.b2.

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Balbernie, Robin. "Reactive attachment disorder as an evolutionary adaptation." Attachment & Human Development 12, no. 3 (2010): 265–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14616734.2010.482223.

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Sadeghi Amrabadi, Zohre, Mahnaz Esteki, Kambiz Pooshneh, and Mahdieh Salehi. "Effectiveness of Theraplay on Reactive Attachment Disorder in Children Aged 8-12 Years." Applied Family Therapy Journal 3, no. 4 (2022): 479–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.61838/kman.aftj.3.4.26.

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Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of attachment-based play therapy method (Thera-play) on reactive attachment disorder in children aged 8 to 12 years. Method: The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and follow-up design. The statistical population included all children aged 8 to 12 years in Tehran who had expressed interest in the call through cyberspace. From the mentioned community, 32 children were selected and divided into two groups of experiments and controls. The intervention was presented as a weekly attachment-centered play thera

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Hardy, Lyons T. "Attachment Theory and Reactive Attachment Disorder: Theoretical Perspectives and Treatment Implications." Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing 20, no. 1 (2007): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6171.2007.00077.x.

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Stinehart, Michelle A., David A. Scott, and Hannah G. Barfield. "Reactive Attachment Disorder in Adopted and Foster Care Children." Family Journal 20, no. 4 (2012): 355–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1066480712451229.

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A disruption in the initial attachment formed between an infant and a primary caregiver often leads to some type of disordered or disorganized attachment. While research has been conducted on the etiology, symptoms, and effective forms of therapy regarding this disorder, much definitive information remains unknown or unclear. With the increasing use of foster care in America and the frequency of adoption, it is becoming obvious that more attention is needed in the area of how to best appropriately approach a diagnosis of reactive attachment disorder. This article will discuss current trends an

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ZHANG, XiaoLu, and Xu CHEN. "Children's Reactive Attachment Disorder: Etiology, Diagnosis and Intervention." Advances in Psychological Science 22, no. 11 (2014): 1747. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1042.2014.01747.

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RICHTERS, MARGOT MOSER, and FRED R. VOLKMAR. "Reactive Attachment Disorder of Infancy or Early Childhood." Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 33, no. 3 (1994): 328–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199403000-00005.

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Ferguson, Lauren, Michael Follan, Marlene Macinnes, Judith Furnivall, and Helen Minnis. "Residential Childcare Workers’ Knowledge of Reactive Attachment Disorder." Child and Adolescent Mental Health 16, no. 2 (2010): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-3588.2010.00575.x.

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