Relevant bibliographies by topics / Reactive Inkjet Printing

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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Academic literature on the topic 'Reactive Inkjet Printing'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 2 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Reactive Inkjet Printing"

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Smith, Patrick J., and Aoife Morrin. "Reactive inkjet printing." Journal of Materials Chemistry 22, no. 22 (2012): 10965. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2jm30649b.

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Kröber, Peter, Joseph T. Delaney, Jolke Perelaer, and Ulrich S. Schubert. "Reactive inkjet printing of polyurethanes." Journal of Materials Chemistry 19, no. 29 (2009): 5234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b823135d.

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Teo, Mei Ying, Logan Stuart, Kean C. Aw, and Jonathan Stringer. "Micro-Reactive Inkjet Printing of Polyaniline." NIP & Digital Fabrication Conference 2018, no. 1 (September 23, 2018): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/issn.2169-4451.2018.34.16.

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Sturgess, Craig, Christopher J. Tuck, Ian A. Ashcroft, and Ricky D. Wildman. "3D reactive inkjet printing of polydimethylsiloxane." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 5, no. 37 (2017): 9733–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7tc02412f.

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In this work a two-part polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) ink has been developed, printed individually, and cured. The successful printing of PDMS has been used to fabricate complex 3D geometry for the first time using FRIJP.
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Gregory, David A., Yu Zhang, Patrick J. Smith, Xiubo Zhao, and Stephen J. Ebbens. "Reactive Inkjet Printing: Reactive Inkjet Printing of Biocompatible Enzyme Powered Silk Micro-Rockets (Small 30/2016)." Small 12, no. 30 (August 2016): 4022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smll.201670148.

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Teo, Mei Ying, Logan Stuart, Harish Devaraj, Cody Yang Liu, Kean C. Aw, and Jonathan Stringer. "The in situ synthesis of conductive polyaniline patterns using micro-reactive inkjet printing." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 7, no. 8 (2019): 2219–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8tc06485g.

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Teo, Mei Ying, Logan Stuart, Kean C. Aw, and Jonathan Stringer. "Micro-reactive Inkjet Printing of Three-Dimensional Hydrogel Structures." MRS Advances 3, no. 28 (December 28, 2017): 1575–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2017.628.

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AbstractInkjet printing, of the researched techniques for printing of hydrogels, gives perhaps the best potential control over the shape and composition of the final hydrogel. It is, however, fundamentally limited by the low viscosity of the printed ink, which means that crosslinking of the hydrogel must take place after printing. This can be particularly problematic for hydrogels as the slow diffusion of the crosslinking species through the gel results in very slow vertical printing speeds, leading to dehydration of the gel and (if simultaneously deposited) cell death. Previous attempts to overcome this limitation have involved the sequential printing of alternating layers to reduce the diffusion distance of reactive species. In this work we demonstrate an alternative approach where the crosslinker and gelator are printed so that they collide with each other before impinging upon the substrate, thereby facilitating hydrogel synthesis and patterning in a single step. Using a model system based upon sodium alginate and calcium chloride a series of 3D structures are demonstrated, with vertical printing speeds significantly faster than previous work. The droplet collision is shown to increase advective mixing before impact, reducing the time taken for gelation to occur, and improving definition of printed patterns. With the facile addition of more printing inks, this approach also enables spatially varied composition of the hydrogel, and work towards this will be discussed.
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Al-Ghazzawi, Fatimah, Luke Conte, Klaudia K. Wagner, Christopher Richardson, and Pawel Wagner. "Rapid spatially-resolved post-synthetic patterning of metal–organic framework films." Chemical Communications 57, no. 38 (2021): 4706–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cc01349a.

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Shahariar, Hasan, Inhwan Kim, Henry Soewardiman, and Jesse S. Jur. "Inkjet Printing of Reactive Silver Ink on Textiles." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 11, no. 6 (January 15, 2019): 6208–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b18231.

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Chu, Runshan, Yue Zhang, Tieling Xing, and Guoqing Chen. "The stability of disperse red/reactive-red dye inks." RSC Advances 10, no. 70 (2020): 42633–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra07333d.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Reactive Inkjet Printing"

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Zhang, Yu. "Reactive inkjet printing of silk swimmers." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/19417/.

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Biological Micro-motors are one of the most remarkable products of evolution; they can perform biological tasks with surprisingly high efficiency. A novel form of miniaturized man-made self-propelled micro-motors based on silk have been designed and fabricated in this thesis. These ‘swimmers’ were made from regenerated Bombyx mori silk fibroin via 3D reactive inkjet printing under ambient processing conditions. While Bombyx mori silk exhibits impressive mechanical properties, remarkable biocompatibility, controlled biodegradability, environmental stability, and morphologic flexibility, silk swimmers have expanded the range of potential applications even to the biomedical platform and sensitive protein therapeutics. Micro-motors are able to convert chemical or external energy into mechanical motion. Two different types of propulsion mechanisms were studied for silk swimmers: catalytically powered bubble propulsion and surface tension gradient powered.
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Fathi, Saeed. "Fundamental investigation on inkjet printing of reactive nylon materials." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2011. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7832.

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Several additive manufacturing processes have been developed for plastic parts. However, there is an ongoing interest to increase the functionality of these parts which are mainly considered as prototypes due to the material and process limitations. This research investigated a novel additive approach for producing a functional engineering plastic, nylon 6. The idea was to combine inkjet printing technology and anionic polymerisation of caprolactam by depositing mixtures of caprolactam with activator and catalyst on top of each other under the appropriate conditions. An experimental setup was integrated based on two identical jetting assemblies with pneumatic and thermal control, synchronised with a deposition system for the reaction of the mixtures upon radiation heating. Different offline material characterisation and inline process monitoring methods were employed to obtain an understanding of the material behaviour at each stage of the research. These included the use of high speed imaging, fluorescent microscopy, particle tracking and image analysis tools. Samples were monitored before and after the drop-on-drop deposition and radiation heating, and then assessed by thermal analysis to find the appropriate conditions for the reaction. It was found that although some monomer conversion was achieved, the rates were much less than with the bulk polymerisation approach. Jetting of thousands of tiny droplets in air could have resulted in a very high monomer deactivation. This highlighted the importance of the environment as a more significant parameter for jetting of nylon 6 compared with the conventional method.
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Rider, Patrick M. "Reactive inkjet printing of novel silk dental barrier membranes." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/18265/.

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Periodontitis is a dental disease which can result in a loss of integrity of the periodontal tissues and lead to eventual tooth loss. Barrier membranes can be used in conjunction with guided bone regeneration (GBR) to help repair the damage caused by periodontitis. GBR promotes and directs the growth of new bone, whilst the barrier membrane secludes the defect site from infiltration by fast growing connective and epithelial tissues which would otherwise fill the defect space. The ideal properties for a barrier membrane are: to have a controllable degradation rate, be biocompatible, prevent surrounding tissues from collapsing into the defect space, and provide cell occlusivity. Current commercial barrier membranes are produced out of materials which are either non-resorbable, requiring a secondary surgery for their extraction, or made from resorbable materials which can have poor structural integrity or degrade into acidic by-products. Silk has had a long history of use as a biomaterial. It degrades into non-toxic components and has adaptable mechanical properties. When used in its regenerated silk fibroin form (RFS), it has recently been used for tissue engineering scaffolds. RSF has several polymorphs of which silk I and silk II are of interest. Silk I is non-crystalline and water soluble while silk II has a crystalline β-sheet structure that is non-water soluble. Silk I converts to silk II upon exposure to methanol, heat treatments and stretching. The ability to transform RSF from a water soluble structure into a non-water soluble structure makes it ideal for a variety of processing techniques. In this thesis, reactive inkjet printing has been investigated as a possible processing method of RSF for the manufacture of barrier membranes. Reactive inkjet printing has been used to control the structural conversion of silk I to silk II by printing different volumes of methanol during film fabrication. It was established that RSF crystallinity (and silk II content) was dependant on the volume of methanol printed. RSF film degradation rate was shown to be related to RSF crystallinity, and hence the volume of printed methanol. Cell studies performed on the RSF films showed that MG-63 osteosarcoma cells remained metabolically active and continued to proliferate during the duration of the study, as well as showing signs of osteogenic activity. RSF films were investigated with the inclusion of nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) to promote osteogenic activity. nHA/RSF films were produced from a composite ink containing both nHA and RSF. It was found that the inclusion of nHA within the ink impeded the transition of silk I to silk II, and instead increased β-turn structural content, which is an intermediate structure in the transition of silk I to silk II. The inclusion of nHA within the RSF films was shown to improve the osteogenic response of the MG-63 cells. Overall, the work presented in this thesis has demonstrated for the first time that reactive inkjet printing can produce biocompatible RSF films with controllable crystallinity and degradation rate. As a result, a controllable degradation rate, the possibility of including bioactive components such as nHA, in addition to the other promising properties of RSF, make reactively inkjet printed RSF as a viable alternative for use as a barrier membrane.
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Sturgess, Craig. "Fully reactive 3D inkjet printing of polydimethylsiloxane and polyurethane." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/49659/.

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Additive Manufacturing (AM) encompasses several different technologies, such as inkjet printing, extrusion, and laser melting processes, to selectively transform a processable phase, such as a liquid or powder, to a solid phase, e.g. through solidification, chemical reaction or powder melting and solidification. The geometry is initially defined as a 3D CAD model, which is subsequently ‘sliced’ to create a geometrical representation suitable for the layer-wise manufacturing process. These layers are “printed” in series on a substrate and are additively stacked. Some AM processes can also include multiple materials or voids in this process to increase the design freedom and geometric complexity. With any new process there are challenges, the key one for most AM processes is the limited material selection. Different processes have different material requirements and many current AM materials are sourced from other processes, for example a number of stereolithography processes use materials originally developed as finishes or coatings. The various AM processes have different criteria that must be met for a material to be suitable for processing, such as particle size and distribution, melting temperature and laser absorption in the case of laser-powder bed systems. This PhD is concerned with materials for ink jet printing, a major advantage of this process being the capability to co-deposit different materials. As the materials in jetting are not fed from a single bed or on a platform, there is complete control over material placement. The basic technology behind material jetting is the same as that seen in desktop inkjet printers, and the major challenge in transforming this to a 3D printing method is in materials development. Currently, the process is dominated by fast curing UV based resins, which are primarily acrylate based, and solvent based inks. The solvent inks highlight their 2D printing origins as they have a low material loading resulting in thin layers. These solvent systems are typically used to transport a conductive solute e.g. silver nanoparticles or graphene oxide. The focus of this PhD was to develop new materials for AM jetting by combining reactive components during processing. This process, called Fully Reactive Inkjet Printing (FRIJP), is only possible because of the freedom of material jetting to use multiple materials. In this work two reactions were selected for the development of FRIJP inks. The first was the crosslinking of polysiloxane based polymers (PDMS), the second was the addition polymerisation of polyurethane. These two reactions schemes were chosen because they involve the combination of two different reactive species and produce no unwanted by-products. For the FRIJP of PDMS a commercial two-part chemistry was used that separated the cross-linker and catalyst. When these two components are combined they produce a transparent PDMS rubber. The PDMS was found to have a viscosity that was too high for inkjet printing so a compatible solvent was selected and the concentration modified. Once a printable ink had been created, trials were conducted which involved printing the two components onto a substrate. It was found that by control of the mixing ratio and substrate heating, high reaction rates could be achieved and complex designs could be printed. These designs were then analysed using FTIR and Raman spectroscopy and it was found that there was comparable curing to the bulk mixing. It was also determined that for the selected PDMS there were no issues with substrate mixing which would result in concentration gradients. The second reaction investigated was the addition polymerisation of polyurethane, which involves combination of the diol and diisocyanate. For this work, the inks were developed from monomers that had printable viscosities through thermal modification. However, one ink used did contain a low concentration of solvent. For the polyurethane work the printing environment was controlled to minimise the moisture which could produce unwanted polyurea and amines. The metric used to determine how suitable the inks were for inkjet printing was the molecular weight of the polymer chain. The analysis was conducted using Size Exclusion Chromatography on the printed samples. It was found that after in development, it was possible to achieve an average molecular weight over 20,000, which was identified as the point whereby the polymer printing was successful. This PhD also demonstrates that when printing these two chemistries, the small size of the droplets facilitates complete mixing of the inks. Importantly, with the immiscibility of the polyurethane monomers before reaction, it was found that the small droplet size allowed for the reaction and successive molecular diffusion to achieve the high degrees of conversion required for the production of functional polymers.
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Qian, Qifeng. "Fundamental investigation for 3D reactive inkjet printing of bisphenol A-polycarbonate." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/55468/.

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Faisal, Saira. "Synthesis of multifunctional reactive dyes and their application onto wool fabric by inkjet printing." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6291/.

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Inkjet printing provides a favourable method for wool printing because of the ability to produce economical short print runs and providing flexibility in print design. This work focused on the synthesis and characterisation of series of novel multifunctional reactive dyes in magenta, blue and yellow hue based on chlorotriazines and chloropyrimidine reactive groups and their modification by: (1) replacing labile chlorine(s) by other labile sulfophenoxy group(s) and (2) replacing the imino bridging group by an aliphatic amino group. This study also focused on the formulation of a set of inks based on parent and modified dyes in magenta, yellow and blue hue, their application onto wool via inkjet printing, and evaluation of percent fixation along with their stability in ink formulations and colour fastness properties. Moreover, the results were also compared with commercially successful Jettex R Inks (DyStar). The research has shown that reactive dyes based on chlorotriazines and chloropyrimidine can be modified by the incorporation of sulfophenoxy group(s) onto the reactive group of the dye. The modified dyes, when inkjet printed onto the wool, were able to react with the wool fibre and show excellent fixation results. The incorporation of more than one reactive group on the dye chromophore has shown an increase in percent fixation compared to dyes with only one reactive group. Moreover, modified inks showed excellent colour fastness to light and wash. Additionally, comparative analysis of modified dye-based inks and commercially successful ‘Jettex R’ inks illustrates that the novel inks are superior in terms of percent fixation and colour fastness properties.
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"Formulating a Particle-Free and Low Temperature Nickel Reactive Ink for Inkjet Printing Conductive Features." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.53708.

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abstract: Reactive inkjet printing (RIJP) is a direct-write deposition technique that synthesizes and patterns functional materials simultaneously. It is a route to cheap fabrication of highly conductive features on a versatile range of substrates. Silver reactive inks have become a staple of conductive inkjet printing for application in printed and flexible electronics, photovoltaic metallization, and more. However, the high cost of silver makes these less effective for disposable and low-cost applications. This work aimed to develop a particle-free formulation for a nickel reactive ink capable of metallizing highly pure nickel at temperatures under 100 °C to facilitate printing on substrates like paper or plastic. Nickel offers a significantly cheaper alternative to silver at slightly reduced bulk conductivity. To meet these aims, three archetypes of inks were formulated. First were a set of glycerol-based inks temperature ink containing nickel acetate, hydrazine, and ammonia in a mixture of water and glycerol. This ink reduced between 115 – 200 °C to produce slightly oxidized deposits of nickel with carbon content around 10 wt %. The high temperature was addressed in a second series, which replaced glycerol with lower boiling glycols and added sodium hydroxide as a strong base to enhance thermodynamics and kinetics of reduction. These inks reduced between 60 and 100 °C but sodium salts contaminated the final deposits. In a third set of inks, sodium hydroxide was replaced with tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH), a strong organic base, to address contamination. These inks also reduced between 60 and 100 °C. Pipetting or printing onto gold coated substrates produce metallic flakes coated in a clear, thick residue. EDS measured carbon and oxygen content up to 70 wt % of deposits. The residue was hypothesized to be a non-volatile byproduct of TMAH and acetate. Recommendations are provided to address the residue. Ultimately the formulated reactive inks did not meet design targets. However, this thesis sets the framework to design an optimal nickel reactive ink in future work.
Dissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Chemical Engineering 2019
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Books on the topic "Reactive Inkjet Printing"

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Smith, Patrick J., and Aoife Morrin, eds. Reactive Inkjet Printing. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781788010511.

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Zhang, Yi, Aoife Morrin, Alison Lennon, Patrick Rider, and Mark Wilson. Reactive Inkjet Printing: A Chemical Synthesis Tool. Royal Society of Chemistry, The, 2017.

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Book chapters on the topic "Reactive Inkjet Printing"

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Smith, Patrick J., and Aoife Morrin. "CHAPTER 1. Reactive Inkjet Printing—An Introduction." In Reactive Inkjet Printing, 1–11. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781788010511-00001.

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Stringer, Jonathan. "CHAPTER 2. From Inkjet Printed Droplets to Patterned Surfaces." In Reactive Inkjet Printing, 12–37. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781788010511-00012.

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Wilson, Mark C. T., J. Rafael Castrejón-Pita, and Alfonso A. Castrejón-Pita. "CHAPTER 3. Droplet Mixing." In Reactive Inkjet Printing, 38–58. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781788010511-00038.

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Wheeler, Joseph S. R., and Stephen G. Yeates. "CHAPTER 4. Unwanted Reactions of Polymers During the Inkjet Printing Process." In Reactive Inkjet Printing, 59–87. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781788010511-00059.

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Lennon, A. J. "CHAPTER 5. Reactive Inkjet Printing for Silicon Solar Cell Fabrication." In Reactive Inkjet Printing, 88–116. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781788010511-00088.

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Jabbour, Ghassan, Hyung Woo Choi, Mutalifu Abulikamu, Yuka Yoshioka, Basma El Zein, and Hanna Haverinen. "CHAPTER 6. Reactive Inkjet Printing: From Oxidation of Conducting Polymers to Quantum Dots Synthesis." In Reactive Inkjet Printing, 117–46. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781788010511-00117.

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Rider, P. M., I. M. Brook, P. J. Smith, and C. A. Miller. "CHAPTER 7. Reactive Inkjet Printing of Silk Barrier Membranes for Dental Applications." In Reactive Inkjet Printing, 147–68. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781788010511-00147.

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Gregory, David A., Yu Zhang, Stephen J. Ebbens, and Xiubo Zhao. "CHAPTER 8. Reactive Inkjet Printing of Regenerated Silk Fibroin as a 3D Scaffold for Autonomous Swimming Devices (Micro-rockets)." In Reactive Inkjet Printing, 169–201. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781788010511-00169.

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He, Yinfeng, Aleksandra Foerster, Belen Begines, Fan Zhang, Ricky Wildman, Richard Hague, Phill Dickens, and Christopher Tuck. "CHAPTER 9. Reactive Inkjet Printing for Additive Manufacturing." In Reactive Inkjet Printing, 202–21. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781788010511-00202.

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Calvert, Paul. "CHAPTER 10. Reactive Inkjet Printing of Metals." In Reactive Inkjet Printing, 222–39. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781788010511-00222.

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Conference papers on the topic "Reactive Inkjet Printing"

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Shafiee, Ashkan, Elham Ghadiri, Muhamad Mat Salleh, Muhammad Yahaya, and Anthony Atala. "Inkjet Printing Of A Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenger For Flexible Bioelectronics Applications In Neural Resilience." In 2018 International Flexible Electronics Technology Conference (IFETC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ifetc.2018.8583903.

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Khillan, Rajneek K., Yi Su, and Kody Varahramyan. "High-resolution polymer LEDs fabricated by drop-on-demand inkjet printing and reactive ion etching." In Integrated Optoelectronic Devices 2005, edited by Steve A. Stockman, H. Walter Yao, and E. Fred Schubert. SPIE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.590675.

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Lin, Shih-Chang, Fangang Tseng, and Ching-Chang Chieng. "Numerical Simulation of Protein Stamping Process Driven by Capillary Force." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-33070.

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“Microstamping” is one of patterning techniques [1] developed to deliver thousands of samples in parallel onto a surface for use in biosensors and medical diagnostics and the inexpensive production of micropatterned arrays of active proteins is of interest. Successful print of these protein island arrays includes conformal contact between an inked patterned stamp and the surface of a substrate and the full control over the amount and distribution of protein solution transferred from the impregnated stamps. In most common design, stamper is made of a solid material and proper inking method is required. Martin et al [2] have created a microstamper constructed by forming the hydrogel in sequence within the narrow ends of machine-pulled capillary tubes. This paper studies the protein-filling (inking)/stamping/printing process by numerical computations for a proposed Array-Stamper Chip with embedded microchannels. (Fig. 1) The array chip consists of thousands of microchannels with their own stampers to deliver thousands of fixed size/shape liquid samples to a bottom chip by capillary force simultaneously. The transfer process and physics are analyzed by solving first principle equations, i.e. conservation laws of mass, momentum. Due to the symmetry design of the array chip, the analysis is performed for a representative stamp only (Fig. 1b). Stable and robust numerical approaches as volume-of-Fluid (VOF) method [3] for two phase homogenous flow model and the interface tracking technique in cooperation with Continuum Surface tension Force (CSF) Model [4] are employed to determine the shape of liquid/gas interface as well as the fluid flowing pattern. Figure 2 shows the entire protein transfer during stamping/printing process, the Stamper Chip is moved toward/touch/away bio reaction chip starting at a distance of 50 μm away. The process consists of (a) The liquid fluid forms a meniscus and tends to reach out at the tip of the microchannel from the Stamping Chip (Fig. 2a), (b) The droplet meniscus is formed and the Stamper Chip starts to be moved toward the bottom chip (Fig. 2b), (c) The Stamper Chip is touched down and then is pulled up from the Bio-Reaction Chip, the liquid flows horizontally via the horizontal microchannels (Fig. 2c) and reaches the bottom chip, (d) part of the liquid is pushed upward and formed a small waist (Fig. 2d), (e) The Stamper Chip is moved further upwards with liquid slug of narrower waist (Fig. 2e), and (f) Stamper Chip is back to the original position with part of liquid broken at some point and left on the Bio-reaction Chip successfully. The controlling of the spot size left on bio-chip can be manipulated by physical properties of the filling protein, the inner/outer diameter of the microchannel, moving speed of the Stamper Chip, and the hydrophilic nature of the outer edge surface of the stamper. Two sets of physical properties are employed for computations (1) protein of low concentration with physical properties as water (2) 2mg/ml BSA concentration according to Fig. 3. Degree of hydrophilic nature with different liquid/gas/solid contact angle on stamper edge surface AB and the stamping speed do play significant role on the printing spot formation and size as shown in Table 1. Figure 4 shows that the size of printing size decreases with outer diameter of the microchannel. The detailed flowing process illustrate that the formations of the printing spot are resulted from forces interactions between the capillary flow formation process and stamper moving speed. In summary, numerical simulations not only give the suggestions for the array-stamper design with precise control of printing spot but also provide the physics and detailed information of the spot formation.
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