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Journal articles on the topic 'Reactive species HONO and HOBr'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 May 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Piot, M., and R. von Glasow. "The chemistry influencing ODEs in the Polar Boundary Layer in spring: a model study." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 8, no. 2 (2008): 7391–453. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-8-7391-2008.

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Abstract. Near-total depletions of ozone have been observed in the Arctic spring since the mid 1980s. The autocatalytic cycles involving reactive halogens are now recognized to be of main importance for Ozone Depletion Events (ODEs) in the Polar Boundary Layer (PBL). We present sensitivity studies using the model MISTRA in the box-model mode on the influence of chemical species on these ozone depletion processes. In order to test the sensitivity of the chemistry under polar conditions, we compared base runs undergoing fluxes of either Br2, BrCl, or Cl2 to induce ozone depletions, with similar

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2

Gil, Junsu, Meehye Lee, Jeonghwan Kim, Gangwoong Lee, Joonyoung Ahn, and Cheol-Hee Kim. "Simulation model of Reactive Nitrogen Species in an Urban Atmosphere using a Deep Neural Network: RNDv1.0." Geoscientific Model Development 16, no. 17 (2023): 5251–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-5251-2023.

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Abstract. Nitrous acid (HONO) plays an important role in the formation of ozone and fine aerosols in the urban atmosphere. In this study, a new simulation approach is presented to calculate the HONO mixing ratios using a deep neural technique based on measured variables. The Reactive Nitrogen Species using a Deep Neural Network (RND) simulation is implemented in Python. The first version of RND (RNDv1.0) is trained, validated, and tested with HONO measurement data obtained in Seoul, South Korea, from 2016 to 2021. RNDv1.0 is constructed using k-fold cross validation and evaluated with index of

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3

Ran, Zhu, Yanan Hu, Yuanzhe Li, et al. "Formation of reactive nitrogen species promoted by iron ions through the photochemistry of a neonicotinoid insecticide." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 24, no. 20 (2024): 11943–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11943-2024.

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Abstract. Nitrous acid (HONO) and nitrogen oxides (NOx=NO+NO2) are important atmospheric pollutants and key intermediates in the global nitrogen cycle, but their sources and formation mechanisms are still poorly understood. Here, we investigated the effect of soluble iron (Fe3+) on the photochemical behavior of a widely used neonicotinoid (NN) insecticide, nitenpyram (NPM), in the aqueous phase. The yields of HONO and NOx increased significantly when NPM solution was irradiated in the presence of iron ions (Fe3+). We propose that the enhanced HONO and NO2 emissions from the photodegradation of

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4

Vakhrusheva, Tatyana V., Daria V. Grigorieva, Irina V. Gorudko, et al. "Enzymatic and bactericidal activity of myeloperoxidase in conditions of halogenative stress." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 96, no. 5 (2018): 580–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/bcb-2017-0292.

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Myeloperoxidase (MPO), found mainly in neutrophils, is released in inflammation. MPO produces reactive halogen species (RHS), which are bactericidal agents. However, RHS overproduction, i.e., halogenative stress, can also damage host biomolecules, and MPO itself may be targeted by RHS. Therefore, we examined the susceptibility of MPO to inactivation by its primary products (HOCl, HOBr, HOSCN) and secondary products such as taurine monochloramine (TauCl) and taurine monobromamine (TauBr). MPO was dose-dependently inhibited up to complete inactivity by treatment with HOCl or HOBr. TauBr diminish

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Fang, Yuyu, and Wim Dehaen. "Fluorescent Probes for Selective Recognition of Hypobromous Acid: Achievements and Future Perspectives." Molecules 26, no. 2 (2021): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26020363.

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in numerous pathological processes and their homeostasis facilitates the dynamic balance of intracellular redox states. Among ROS, hypobromous acid (HOBr) has a high similarity to hypochlorous acid (HOCl) in both chemical and physical properties, whereas it has received relatively little attention. Meanwhile, selective recognition of endogenous HOBr suffers great challenges due to the fact that the concentration of this molecule is much lower than that of HOCl. Fluorescence-based detection systems have emerged as very important tools to monito

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Chai, Jiajue, David J. Miller, Eric Scheuer, et al. "Isotopic characterization of nitrogen oxides (NO<sub><i>x</i></sub>), nitrous acid (HONO), and nitrate (<i>p</i>NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>) from laboratory biomass burning during FIREX." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 12, no. 12 (2019): 6303–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-6303-2019.

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Abstract. New techniques have recently been developed and applied to capture reactive nitrogen species, including nitrogen oxides (NOx=NO+NO2), nitrous acid (HONO), nitric acid (HNO3), and particulate nitrate (pNO3-), for accurate measurement of their isotopic composition. Here, we report – for the first time – the isotopic composition of HONO from biomass burning (BB) emissions collected during the Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments Experiment (FIREX, later evolved into FIREX-AQ) at the Missoula Fire Science Laboratory in the fall of 2016. We used our newly developed annular de

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7

Meusel, Hannah, Alexandra Tamm, Uwe Kuhn, et al. "Emission of nitrous acid from soil and biological soil crusts represents an important source of HONO in the remote atmosphere in Cyprus." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18, no. 2 (2018): 799–813. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-799-2018.

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Abstract. Soil and biological soil crusts can emit nitrous acid (HONO) and nitric oxide (NO). The terrestrial ground surface in arid and semiarid regions is anticipated to play an important role in the local atmospheric HONO budget, deemed to represent one of the unaccounted-for HONO sources frequently observed in field studies. In this study HONO and NO emissions from a representative variety of soil and biological soil crust samples from the Mediterranean island Cyprus were investigated under controlled laboratory conditions. A wide range of fluxes was observed, ranging from 0.6 to 264 ng m−

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8

Dyson, Joanna E., Graham A. Boustead, Lauren T. Fleming, et al. "Production of HONO from NO<sub>2</sub> uptake on illuminated TiO<sub>2</sub> aerosol particles and following the illumination of mixed TiO<sub>2</sub>∕ammonium nitrate particles." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, no. 7 (2021): 5755–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5755-2021.

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Abstract. The rate of production of HONO from illuminated TiO2 aerosols in the presence of NO2 was measured using an aerosol flow tube system coupled to a photo-fragmentation laser-induced fluorescence detection apparatus. The reactive uptake coefficient of NO2 to form HONO, γNO2→HONO, was determined for NO2 mixing ratios in the range 34–400 ppb, with γNO2→HONO spanning the range (9.97 ± 3.52) × 10−6 to (1.26 ± 0.17) × 10−4 at a relative humidity of 15 ± 1 % and for a lamp photon flux of (1.63 ± 0.09) ×1016 photons cm−2 s−1 (integrated between 290 and 400 nm), which is similar to midday ambien

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Zhang, Li, Qinyi Li, Tao Wang, et al. "Combined impacts of nitrous acid and nitryl chloride on lower-tropospheric ozone: new module development in WRF-Chem and application to China." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 16 (2017): 9733–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-9733-2017.

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Abstract. Nitrous acid (HONO) and nitryl chloride (ClNO2) – through their photolysis – can have profound effects on the nitrogen cycle and oxidation capacity of the lower troposphere. Previous numerical studies have separately considered and investigated the sources/processes of these compounds and their roles in the fate of reactive nitrogen and the production of ozone (O3), but their combined impact on the chemistry of the lower part of the troposphere has not been addressed yet. In this study, we updated the WRF-Chem model with the currently known sources and chemistry of HONO and chlorine

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10

Yi, Hongming, Mathieu Cazaunau, Aline Gratien, et al. "Intercomparison of IBBCEAS, NitroMAC and FTIR analyses for HONO, NO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>2</sub>O measurements during the reaction of NO<sub>2</sub> with H<sub>2</sub>O vapour in the simulation chamber CESAM." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 14, no. 8 (2021): 5701–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-5701-2021.

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Abstract. We report on applications of the ultraviolet-light-emitting-diode-based incoherent broadband cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy (UV-LED-IBBCEAS) technique for optical monitoring of HONO, NO2 and CH2O in a simulation chamber. Performance intercomparison of UV-LED-IBBCEAS with a wet chemistry-based NitroMAC sensor and a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer has been carried out on real-time simultaneous measurement of HONO, NO2 and CH2O concentrations during the reaction of NO2 with H2O vapour in CESAM (French acronym for Experimental Multiphasic Atmospheric Simulation Ch

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11

Lane, Amanda E., Joanne T. M. Tan, Clare L. Hawkins, Alison K. Heather, and Michael J. Davies. "The myeloperoxidase-derived oxidant HOSCN inhibits protein tyrosine phosphatases and modulates cell signalling via the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in macrophages." Biochemical Journal 430, no. 1 (2010): 161–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20100082.

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MPO (myeloperoxidase) catalyses the oxidation of chloride, bromide and thiocyanate by hydrogen peroxide to HOCl (hypochlorous acid), HOBr (hypobromous acid) and HOSCN (hypothiocyanous acid) respectively. Specificity constants indicate that SCN− is a major substrate for MPO. HOSCN is also a major oxidant generated by other peroxidases including salivary, gastric and eosinophil peroxidases. While HOCl and HOBr are powerful oxidizing agents, HOSCN is a less reactive, but more specific, oxidant which targets thiols and especially low pKa species. In the present study we show that HOSCN targets cys

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12

Weber, Bettina, Dianming Wu, Alexandra Tamm, et al. "Biological soil crusts accelerate the nitrogen cycle through large NO and HONO emissions in drylands." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 50 (2015): 15384–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1515818112.

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Reactive nitrogen species have a strong influence on atmospheric chemistry and climate, tightly coupling the Earth’s nitrogen cycle with microbial activity in the biosphere. Their sources, however, are not well constrained, especially in dryland regions accounting for a major fraction of the global land surface. Here, we show that biological soil crusts (biocrusts) are emitters of nitric oxide (NO) and nitrous acid (HONO). Largest fluxes are obtained by dark cyanobacteria-dominated biocrusts, being ∼20 times higher than those of neighboring uncrusted soils. Based on laboratory, field, and sate

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Roberts, T. J., R. S. Martin, and L. Jourdain. "Reactive bromine chemistry in Mount Etna's volcanic plume: the influence of total Br, high-temperature processing, aerosol loading and plume–air mixing." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14, no. 20 (2014): 11201–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-11201-2014.

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Abstract. Volcanic emissions present a source of reactive halogens to the troposphere, through rapid plume chemistry that converts the emitted HBr to more reactive forms such as BrO. The nature of this process is poorly quantified, yet is of interest in order to understand volcanic impacts on the troposphere, and infer volcanic activity from volcanic gas measurements (i.e. BrO / SO2 ratios). Recent observations from Etna report an initial increase and subsequent plateau or decline in BrO / SO2 ratios with distance downwind. We present daytime PlumeChem model simulations that reproduce and expl

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14

Zhang, Mengduo, Xuelei Zhang, Chao Gao, et al. "Quantifying the Impact of Fertilizer-Induced Reactive Nitrogen Emissions on Surface Ozone Formation in China: Insights from FEST-C* and CMAQ Simulations." Agriculture 15, no. 6 (2025): 612. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15060612.

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The emissions of reactive nitrogen (Nr) from cropland links the pedosphere and atmosphere, playing a crucial role in the Earth’s nitrogen cycle while significantly impacting regional climate change, air quality, and human health. Among various Nr species, nitrogen oxide (NO) and nitrous acid (HONO) have garnered increasing attention as critical precursors to surface ozone (O3) formation due to their participation in photochemical reactions. While most studies focus on Nr emissions from soils, the specific contributions of cropland Nr emissions considering planting activities to regional O3 pol

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15

Roberts, James M., Chelsea E. Stockwell, Robert J. Yokelson, et al. "The nitrogen budget of laboratory-simulated western US wildfires during the FIREX 2016 Fire Lab study." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 14 (2020): 8807–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-8807-2020.

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Abstract. Reactive nitrogen (Nr, defined as all nitrogen-containing compounds except for N2 and N2O) is one of the most important classes of compounds emitted from wildfire, as Nr impacts both atmospheric oxidation processes and particle formation chemistry. In addition, several Nr compounds can contribute to health impacts from wildfires. Understanding the impacts of wildfire on the atmosphere requires a thorough description of Nr emissions. Total reactive nitrogen was measured by catalytic conversion to NO and detection by NO–O3 chemiluminescence together with individual Nr species during a

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16

Abduvokhidov, Davronjon, Maksudbek Yusupov, Aamir Shahzad, et al. "Unraveling the Transport Properties of RONS across Nitro-Oxidized Membranes." Biomolecules 13, no. 7 (2023): 1043. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom13071043.

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The potential of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) in biomedical applications has received significant interest, due to its ability to generate reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). Upon exposure to living cells, CAP triggers alterations in various cellular components, such as the cell membrane. However, the permeation of RONS across nitrated and oxidized membranes remains understudied. To address this gap, we conducted molecular dynamics simulations, to investigate the permeation capabilities of RONS across modified cell membranes. This computational study investigated the translocation pr

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17

Bourgeois, Ilann, Jeff Peischl, J. Andrew Neuman, et al. "Comparison of airborne measurements of NO, NO₂, HONO, NO_y, and CO during FIREX-AQ." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 15, no. 16 (2022): 4901–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-4901-2022.

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Abstract. We present a comparison of fast-response instruments installed onboard the NASA DC-8 aircraft that measured nitrogen oxides (NO and NO2), nitrous acid (HONO), total reactive odd nitrogen (measured both as the total (NOy) and from the sum of individually measured species (ΣNOy)), and carbon monoxide (CO) in the troposphere during the 2019 Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments and Air Quality (FIREX-AQ) campaign. By targeting smoke from summertime wildfires, prescribed fires, and agricultural burns across the continental United States, FIREX-AQ provided a unique opportunity

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Hoch, D. J., J. Buxmann, H. Sihler, D. Pöhler, C. Zetzsch, and U. Platt. "An instrument for measurements of BrO with LED-based Cavity-Enhanced Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 7, no. 1 (2014): 199–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-199-2014.

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Abstract. The chemistry of the troposphere and specifically the global tropospheric ozone budget is affected by reactive halogen species such as bromine monoxide (BrO) or chlorine monoxide (ClO). Especially BrO plays an important role in the processes of ozone destruction, disturbance of NOx and HOx chemistry, oxidation of dimethyl sulfide (DMS), and the deposition of elementary mercury. In the troposphere BrO has been detected in polar regions, at salt lakes, in volcanic plumes, and in the marine boundary layer. For a better understanding of these processes, field measurements as well as reac

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Hoch, D. J., J. Buxmann, H. Sihler, D. Pöhler, C. Zetzsch, and U. Platt. "A novel instrument for measurements of BrO with LED based Cavity-Enhanced Differential Optical Absorption Spectoscopy." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 6, no. 4 (2013): 6047–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-6-6047-2013.

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Abstract. The chemistry of the troposphere and specifically the global tropospheric ozone budget is affected by reactive halogen species like Bromine monoxide (BrO) or Chlorine monoxide (ClO). Especially BrO plays an important role in the processes of ozone destruction, disturbance of NOx and HOx chemistry, oxidation of DMS, and the deposition of elementary mercury. In the troposphere BrO has been detected in polar regions, at salt lakes, in volcanic plumes, and in the marine boundary layer. For a better understanding of these processes field measurements as well as reaction-chamber studies ar

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Toyota, K., J. C. McConnell, R. M. Staebler, and A. P. Dastoor. "Air–snowpack exchange of bromine, ozone and mercury in the springtime Arctic simulated by the 1-D model PHANTAS – Part 1: In-snow bromine activation and its impact on ozone." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14, no. 8 (2014): 4101–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-4101-2014.

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Abstract. To provide a theoretical framework towards a better understanding of ozone depletion events (ODEs) and atmospheric mercury depletion events (AMDEs) in the polar boundary layer, we have developed a one-dimensional model that simulates multiphase chemistry and transport of trace constituents from porous snowpack and through the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) as a unified system. This paper constitutes Part 1 of the study, describing a general configuration of the model and the results of simulations related to reactive bromine release from the snowpack and ODEs during the Arctic spri

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Roberts, T. J., R. S. Martin, and L. Jourdain. "Reactive bromine chemistry in Mt. Etna's volcanic plume: the influence of total Br, high temperature processing, aerosol loading and plume-air mixing." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 14, no. 5 (2014): 5445–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-14-5445-2014.

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Abstract. Volcanic emissions present a source of reactive halogens to the troposphere, through rapid plume chemistry that converts the emitted HBr to more reactive forms such as BrO. The nature of this process is poorly quantified, yet is of interest to understand volcanic impacts on the troposphere, and infer volcanic activity from volcanic gas measurements (i.e. BrO / SO2 ratios). Recent observations from Etna report an initial increase and subsequent plateau or decline in BrO / SO2 ratios with distance downwind. We present daytime PlumeChem model simulations that reproduce and explain the r

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Buxmann, Joelle, Sergej Bleicher, Ulrich Platt, et al. "Consumption of reactive halogen species from sea-salt aerosol by secondary organic aerosol: slowing down the bromine explosion." Environmental Chemistry 12, no. 4 (2015): 476. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en14226.

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Environmental context Secondary organic aerosols together with sea-salt aerosols are a major contribution to global aerosols and influence the release of reactive halogens, which affect air quality and human health. In this study, the loss of reactive halogen species from simulated salt aerosols due to three different types of secondary organic aerosols was quantified in chamber experiments and investigated with the help of a numerical model. The loss rate can be included into chemistry models of the atmosphere and help to quantify the halogen budget in nature. Abstract The interaction between

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Voigt, C., U. Schumann, T. Jurkat, et al. "In-situ observations of young contrails – overview and selected results from the CONCERT campaign." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 10, no. 18 (2010): 9039–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-9039-2010.

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Abstract. Lineshaped contrails were detected with the research aircraft Falcon during the CONCERT – CONtrail and Cirrus ExpeRimenT – campaign in October/November 2008. The Falcon was equipped with a set of instruments to measure the particle size distribution, shape, extinction and chemical composition as well as trace gas mixing ratios of sulfur dioxide (SO2), reactive nitrogen and halogen species (NO, NOy, HNO3, HONO, HCl), ozone (O3) and carbon monoxide (CO). During 12 mission flights over Europe, numerous contrails, cirrus clouds and a volcanic aerosol layer were probed at altitudes betwee

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Friedrich, Nils, Philipp Eger, Justin Shenolikar, et al. "Reactive nitrogen around the Arabian Peninsula and in the Mediterranean Sea during the 2017 AQABA ship campaign." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, no. 10 (2021): 7473–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7473-2021.

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Abstract. We present shipborne measurements of NOx (≡ NO + NO2) and NOy (≡ NOx+ gas- and particle-phase organic and inorganic oxides of nitrogen) in summer 2017 as part of the expedition “Air Quality and climate change in the Arabian BAsin” (AQABA). The NOx and NOz (≡ NOy-NOx) measurements, made with a thermal dissociation cavity ring-down spectrometer (TD-CRDS), were used to examine the chemical mechanisms involved in the processing of primary NOx emissions and their influence on the NOy budget in chemically distinct marine environments, including the Mediterranean Sea, the Red Sea, and the A

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Wren, S. N., D. J. Donaldson, and J. P. D. Abbatt. "Photochemical chlorine and bromine activation from artificial saline snow." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 13, no. 5 (2013): 14163–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-13-14163-2013.

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Abstract. The activation of reactive halogen species – particularly Cl2 – from sea ice and snow surfaces is not well understood. In this study, we used a photochemical snow reactor coupled to a chemical ionization mass spectrometer to investigate the production of Br2, BrCl and Cl2 from NaCl/NaBr-doped artificial snow samples. At temperatures above the NaCl-water eutectic, illumination of samples (λ > 310 nm) in the presence of gas phase O3 led to the accelerated release of Br2, BrCl and the release of Cl2 in a process that was significantly enhanced by acidity, high surface area and additi

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Wren, S. N., D. J. Donaldson, and J. P. D. Abbatt. "Photochemical chlorine and bromine activation from artificial saline snow." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 13, no. 19 (2013): 9789–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-9789-2013.

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Abstract. The activation of reactive halogen species – particularly Cl2 – from sea ice and snow surfaces is not well understood. In this study, we used a photochemical snow reactor coupled to a chemical ionization mass spectrometer to investigate the production of Br2, BrCl and Cl2 from NaCl/NaBr-doped artificial snow samples. At temperatures above the NaCl-water eutectic, illumination of samples (λ > 310 nm) in the presence of gas phase O3 led to the accelerated release of Br2, BrCl and the release of Cl2 in a process that was significantly enhanced by acidity, high surface area and additi

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L., Pushpalatha, and Vivekanandan K. "Oxidative kinetics of serine and threonine by N-bromonicotinamide." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 85, Oct 2008 (2008): 1027–31. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5820696.

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Postgraduate and Research Department of Chemistry, National College, Trichy-620 001, Tamilnadu, India <em>E-mail :</em> lathaa_ramesh@yahoo.com            Fax : 91-431-2482995 <em>Manuscript received 26 May 2008, revised 13 June 2008, accepted 10 July 2008</em> The kinetics of oxidative decarboxylation and deamination of a-amino acids, namely, serine and threonine by <em>N</em>-bromonicotinamide (NBN) in aqueous acetic acid medium (1 : 1) in presence of hydrochloric acid was studied over the temperature range 308-328 K. The oxidation reaction leads to the formatio

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Galtier, Sandrine, Clément Pivard, and Patrick Rairoux. "Towards DCS in the UV Spectral Range for Remote Sensing of Atmospheric Trace Gases." Remote Sensing 12, no. 20 (2020): 3444. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12203444.

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The development of increasingly sensitive and robust instruments and new methodologies are essential to improve our understanding of the Earth’s climate and air pollution. In this context, Dual-Comb spectroscopy (DCS) has been successfully demonstrated as a remote laser-based instrument to probe infrared absorbing species such as greenhouse gases. We present here a study of the sensitivity of Dual-Comb spectroscopy to remotely monitor atmospheric gases focusing on molecules that absorb in the ultraviolet domain, where the most reactive molecules of the atmosphere (OH, HONO, BrO...) have their

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Cao, L., H. Sihler, U. Platt, and E. Gutheil. "Numerical analysis of the chemical kinetic mechanisms of ozone depletion and halogen release in the polar troposphere." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 13, no. 9 (2013): 24171–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-13-24171-2013.

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Abstract. In recent years, the role of halogen species (e.g. Br, Cl) in the troposphere of polar regions is investigated after the discovery of their importance for boundary layer ozone destruction in the polar spring. Halogen species take part in an auto-catalytic chemical cycle including key self reactions. In this study, several chemical reaction schemes are investigated, and the importance of specific reactions and their rate constants is identified by a sensitivity analysis. A category of heterogeneous reactions related to HOBr activate halogen ions from sea salt aerosols, fresh sea ice o

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Liao, J., L. G. Huey, D. J. Tanner, et al. "Observations of hydroxyl and peroxy radicals and the impact of BrO at Summit, Greenland in 2007 and 2008." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 11, no. 4 (2011): 12725–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-12725-2011.

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Abstract. The Greenland Summit Halogen-HOx (GSHOX) Campaign was performed in spring~2007 and summer~2008 to investigate the impact of halogens on HOx (=OH + HO2) cycling above the Greenland Ice Sheet. Chemical species including hydroxyl and peroxy radicals (OH and HO2 + ROx), ozone (O3), nitrogen oxide (NO), nitric acid (HNO2), nitrous acid (HONO), reactive gaseous mercury (RGM), and bromine oxide (BrO) were measured during the campaign. The median midday values of HO2 + RO2 and OH concentrations observed by chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS) were 2.7 × 108 molec cm−3 and 3.0 × 106 m

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Morin, S., R. Sander та J. Savarino. "Simulation of the diurnal variations of the oxygen isotope anomaly (Δ<sup>17</sup>O) of reactive atmospheric species". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 10, № 12 (2010): 30405–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-30405-2010.

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Abstract. The isotope anomaly (Δ17O) of secondary atmospheric species such as nitrate (NO3−) or hydrogen peroxyde (H2O2) has potential to provide useful constrains on their formation pathways. Indeed, the Δ17O of their precursors (NOx, HOx etc.) differs and depends on their interactions with ozone, which is the main source of non-zero Δ17O in the atmosphere. Interpreting variations of Δ17O in secondary species requires an in-depth understanding of the Δ17O of their precursors taking into account non-linear chemical regimes operating under various environmental settings. We present results from

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Toyota, K., J. C. McConnell, R. M. Staebler, and A. P. Dastoor. "Air-snowpack exchange of bromine, ozone and mercury in the springtime Arctic simulated by the 1-D model PHANTAS – Part 1: In-snow bromine activation and its impact on ozone." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 13, no. 8 (2013): 20341–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-13-20341-2013.

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Abstract. To provide a theoretical framework towards better understanding of ozone depletion events (ODEs) and atmospheric mercury depletion events (AMDEs) in the polar boundary layer, we have developed a one-dimensional model that simulates multiphase chemistry and transport of trace constituents from porous snowpack and through the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) as a unified system. In this paper, we describe a general configuration of the model and the results of simulations related to reactive bromine release from the snowpack and ODEs during the Arctic spring. The model employs a chemic

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Voigt, C., U. Schumann, T. Jurkat, et al. "In-situ observations of young contrails – overview and selected results from the CONCERT campaign." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 10, no. 5 (2010): 12713–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-12713-2010.

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Abstract. Lineshaped contrails were detected with the research aircraft Falcon during the CONCERT – CONtrail and Cirrus ExpeRimenT – campaign in October/November 2008. Thereby the Falcon was equipped with a set of instruments to measure particle properties such as the particle size distribution, shape, extinction, chemical composition as well as trace gas concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO2), reactive nitrogen and halogen species (NO, NOy, HNO3, HONO, HCl), ozone (O3) and carbon monoxide (CO). During 12 mission flights over Western Europe numerous contrails and cirrus clouds were probed at a

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Liao, J., L. G. Huey, D. J. Tanner, et al. "Observations of hydroxyl and peroxy radicals and the impact of BrO at Summit, Greenland in 2007 and 2008." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11, no. 16 (2011): 8577–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-8577-2011.

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Abstract. The Greenland Summit Halogen-HOx (GSHOX) Campaign was performed in spring 2007 and summer 2008 to investigate the impact of halogens on HOx (= OH + HO2) cycling above the Greenland Ice Sheet. Chemical species including hydroxyl and peroxy radicals (OH and HO2 + RO2), ozone (O3), nitrogen oxide (NO), nitric acid (HNO3), nitrous acid (HONO), reactive gaseous mercury (RGM), and bromine oxide (BrO) were measured during the campaign. The median midday values of HO2 + RO2 and OH concentrations observed by chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS) were 2.7 × 108 molec cm−3 and 3.0 × 106

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Morin, S., R. Sander та J. Savarino. "Simulation of the diurnal variations of the oxygen isotope anomaly (Δ<sup>17</sup>O) of reactive atmospheric species". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11, № 8 (2011): 3653–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-3653-2011.

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Abstract. The isotope anomaly (Δ17O) of secondary atmospheric species such as nitrate (NO3−) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has potential to provide useful constrains on their formation pathways. Indeed, the Δ17O of their precursors (NOx, HOx etc.) differs and depends on their interactions with ozone, which is the main source of non-zero Δ17O in the atmosphere. Interpreting variations of Δ17O in secondary species requires an in-depth understanding of the Δ17O of their precursors taking into account non-linear chemical regimes operating under various environmental settings. This article reviews an

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Ramsay, Robbie, Chiara F. Di Marco, Matthias Sörgel, et al. "Concentrations and biosphere–atmosphere fluxes of inorganic trace gases and associated ionic aerosol counterparts over the Amazon rainforest." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 24 (2020): 15551–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-15551-2020.

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Abstract. The Amazon rainforest presents a unique, natural laboratory for the study of surface–atmosphere interactions. Its alternation between a near-pristine marine-influenced atmosphere during the wet season and a vulnerable system affected by periodic intrusions of anthropogenic pollution during the dry season provides an opportunity to investigate some fundamental aspects of boundary-layer chemical processes. This study presents the first simultaneous hourly measurements of concentrations, fluxes, and deposition velocities of the inorganic trace gases NH3, HCl, HONO, HNO3, and SO2 as well

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Wang, Xia, Tao Che, Xueyin Ruan, et al. "WRF-Chem simulations of snow nitrate and other physicochemical properties in northern China." Geoscientific Model Development 18, no. 3 (2025): 651–70. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-651-2025.

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Abstract. Snow is a key component of the cryosphere and has significant impacts on surface energy balance, hydrology, atmospheric circulation, etc. In addition, numerous studies have indicated that snow impurities, especially nitrate, are sensitive to sunlight and can be photolyzed to emit reactive species including NO2 and HONO, which serve as precursors of O3 and radicals and disturb the overlying atmospheric chemistry. This makes snow a reservoir of reactive species, and this reservoir is particularly important in remote and pristine regions with limited anthropogenic emissions. The magnitu

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Stockwell, C. E., R. J. Yokelson, S. M. Kreidenweis, et al. "Trace gas emissions from combustion of peat, crop residue, domestic biofuels, grasses, and other fuels: configuration and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) component of the fourth Fire Lab at Missoula Experiment (FLAME-4)." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14, no. 18 (2014): 9727–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-9727-2014.

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Abstract. During the fourth Fire Lab at Missoula Experiment (FLAME-4, October–November 2012) a large variety of regionally and globally significant biomass fuels was burned at the US Forest Service Fire Sciences Laboratory in Missoula, Montana. The particle emissions were characterized by an extensive suite of instrumentation that measured aerosol chemistry, size distribution, optical properties, and cloud-nucleating properties. The trace gas measurements included high-resolution mass spectrometry, one- and two-dimensional gas chromatography, and open-path Fourier transform infrared (OP-FTIR)

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Liao, J., L. G. Huey, E. Scheuer, et al. "Characterization of soluble bromide measurements and a case study of BrO observations during ARCTAS." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12, no. 3 (2012): 1327–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-1327-2012.

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Abstract. A focus of the Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS) mission was examination of bromine photochemistry in the spring time high latitude troposphere based on aircraft and satellite measurements of bromine oxide (BrO) and related species. The NASA DC-8 aircraft utilized a chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS) to measure BrO and a mist chamber (MC) to measure soluble bromide. We have determined that the MC detection efficiency to molecular bromine (Br2), hypobromous acid (HOBr), bromine oxide (BrO), and hydrogen bromide (HBr)

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Ma, Tianyi, Kunlun Huang, and Nan Cheng. "Recent Advances in Nanozyme-Mediated Strategies for Pathogen Detection and Control." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 17 (2023): 13342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241713342.

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Pathogen detection and control have long presented formidable challenges in the domains of medicine and public health. This review paper underscores the potential of nanozymes as emerging bio-mimetic enzymes that hold promise in effectively tackling these challenges. The key features and advantages of nanozymes are introduced, encompassing their comparable catalytic activity to natural enzymes, enhanced stability and reliability, cost effectiveness, and straightforward preparation methods. Subsequently, the paper delves into the detailed utilization of nanozymes for pathogen detection. This in

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Marx, O., C. Brümmer, C. Ammann, V. Wolff, and A. Freibauer. "TRANC – a novel fast-response converter to measure total reactive atmospheric nitrogen." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 4, no. 6 (2011): 7623–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-4-7623-2011.

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Abstract. The input and loss of plant available nitrogen (N) from/to the atmosphere can be an important factor for the productivity of ecosystems and thus for its carbon and greenhouse gas exchange. We present a novel converter for the measurement of total reactive nitrogen (TRANC: Total Reactive Atmospheric Nitrogen Converter), which offers the opportunity to quantify the sum of all airborne reactive nitrogen (Nr) compounds in high time resolution. The basic concept of the TRANC is the full conversion of total Nr to nitrogen monoxide (NO) within two reaction steps. Initially, reduced N compou

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Marx, O., C. Brümmer, C. Ammann, V. Wolff, and A. Freibauer. "TRANC – a novel fast-response converter to measure total reactive atmospheric nitrogen." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 5, no. 5 (2012): 1045–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-5-1045-2012.

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Abstract. The input and loss of plant available nitrogen (reactive nitrogen: Nr) from/to the atmosphere can be an important factor for the productivity of ecosystems and thus for its carbon and greenhouse gas exchange. We present a novel converter for reactive nitrogen (TRANC: Total Reactive Atmospheric Nitrogen Converter), which offers the opportunity to quantify the sum of all airborne reactive nitrogen compounds (∑Nr) in high time resolution. The basic concept of the TRANC is the full conversion of all Nr to nitrogen monoxide (NO) within two reaction steps. Initially, reduced Nr compounds a

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Toyota, K., J. C. McConnell, A. Lupu, et al. "Synoptic-scale meteorological control on reactive bromine production and ozone depletion in the Arctic boundary layer: 3-D simulation with the GEM-AQ model." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 10, no. 11 (2010): 26207–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-26207-2010.

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Abstract. Episodes of high bromine levels and surface ozone depletion in the springtime Arctic are simulated by an online air-quality model, GEM-AQ, with gas-phase and heterogeneous reactions of inorganic bromine species and a simple scheme of air-snowpack chemical interactions implemented for this study. Snowpack on sea ice is assumed to be the only source of bromine to the atmosphere and capable of converting relatively stable bromine species to photolabile Br2 via air-snowpack interactions. A "bromine explosion", by which Br− retained in the snowpack is autocatalytically released to the atm

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Mushinski, Ryan M., Richard P. Phillips, Zachary C. Payne, et al. "Microbial mechanisms and ecosystem flux estimation for aerobic NOyemissions from deciduous forest soils." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 6 (2019): 2138–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1814632116.

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Reactive nitrogen oxides (NOy; NOy= NO + NO2+ HONO) decrease air quality and impact radiative forcing, yet the factors responsible for their emission from nonpoint sources (i.e., soils) remain poorly understood. We investigated the factors that control the production of aerobic NOyin forest soils using molecular techniques, process-based assays, and inhibitor experiments. We subsequently used these data to identify hotspots for gas emissions across forests of the eastern United States. Here, we show that nitrogen oxide soil emissions are mediated by microbial community structure (e.g., ammoniu

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Wang, Weihong, Michael J. Ezell, Pascale S. J. Lakey, Kifle Z. Aregahegn, Manabu Shiraiwa, and Barbara J. Finlayson-Pitts. "Unexpected formation of oxygen-free products and nitrous acid from the ozonolysis of the neonicotinoid nitenpyram." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 21 (2020): 11321–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2002397117.

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The neonicotinoid nitenpyram (NPM) is a multifunctional nitroenamine [(R1N)(R2N)C=CHNO2] pesticide. As a nitroalkene, it is structurally similar to other emerging contaminants such as the pharmaceuticals ranitidine and nizatidine. Because ozone is a common atmospheric oxidant, such compounds may be oxidized on contact with air to form new products that have different toxicity compared to the parent compounds. Here we show that oxidation of thin solid films of NPM by gas-phase ozone produces unexpected products, the majority of which do not contain oxygen, despite the highly oxidizing reactant.

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Custard, K. D., C. R. Thompson, K. A. Pratt, et al. "The NO<sub>x</sub> dependence of bromine chemistry in the Arctic atmospheric boundary layer." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 15, no. 6 (2015): 8329–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-15-8329-2015.

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Abstract. Arctic boundary layer nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO2 + NO) are naturally produced in and released from the sunlit snowpack and range between 10 to 100 pptv in the remote background surface layer air. These nitrogen oxides have significant effects on the partitioning and cycling of reactive radicals such as halogens and HOx (OH + HO2). However, little is known about the impacts of local anthropogenic NOx emission sources on gas-phase halogen chemistry in the Arctic, and this is important because these emissions can induce large variability in ambient NOx and thus local chemistry. In this

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Custard, K. D., C. R. Thompson, K. A. Pratt, et al. "The NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> dependence of bromine chemistry in the Arctic atmospheric boundary layer." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 15, no. 18 (2015): 10799–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-10799-2015.

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Abstract. Arctic boundary layer nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO2 + NO) are naturally produced in and released from the sunlit snowpack and range between 10 to 100 pptv in the remote background surface layer air. These nitrogen oxides have significant effects on the partitioning and cycling of reactive radicals such as halogens and HOx (OH + HO2). However, little is known about the impacts of local anthropogenic NOx emission sources on gas-phase halogen chemistry in the Arctic, and this is important because these emissions can induce large variability in ambient NOx and thus local chemistry. In this

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Badia, Alba, Claire E. Reeves, Alex R. Baker, et al. "Importance of reactive halogens in the tropical marine atmosphere: a regional modelling study using WRF-Chem." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 5 (2019): 3161–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-3161-2019.

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Abstract. This study investigates the impact of reactive halogen species (RHS, containing chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br) or iodine (I)) on atmospheric chemistry in the tropical troposphere and explores the sensitivity to uncertainties in the fluxes of RHS to the atmosphere and their chemical processing. To do this, the regional chemistry transport model WRF-Chem has been extended to include Br and I, as well as Cl chemistry for the first time, including heterogeneous recycling reactions involving sea-salt aerosol and other particles, reactions of Br and Cl with volatile organic compounds (VOCs),

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El Zein, A., and Y. Bedjanian. "Interaction of NO<sub>2</sub> with TiO<sub>2</sub> surface under UV irradiation: measurements of the uptake coefficient." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 11, no. 10 (2011): 27861–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-27861-2011.

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Abstract. The interaction of NO2 with TiO2 solid films was studied under UV irradiation using a low pressure flow reactor (1–10 Torr) combined with a modulated molecular beam mass spectrometer for monitoring of the gaseous species involved. The NO2 to TiO2 reactive uptake coefficient was measured from the kinetics of NO2 loss on TiO2 coated Pyrex rods as a function of NO2 concentration, irradiance intensity (JNO2 = 0.002–0.012 s−1), relative humidity (RH = 0.06–69%), temperature (T = 275–320 K) and partial pressure of oxygen (0.001–3 Torr). TiO2 surface deactivation upon exposure to NO2 was ob

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Wang, Xuan, Daniel J. Jacob, Sebastian D. Eastham, et al. "The role of chlorine in global tropospheric chemistry." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 6 (2019): 3981–4003. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-3981-2019.

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Abstract. We present a comprehensive simulation of tropospheric chlorine within the GEOS-Chem global 3-D model of oxidant–aerosol–halogen atmospheric chemistry. The simulation includes explicit accounting of chloride mobilization from sea salt aerosol by acid displacement of HCl and by other heterogeneous processes. Additional small sources of tropospheric chlorine (combustion, organochlorines, transport from stratosphere) are also included. Reactive gas-phase chlorine Cl*, including Cl, ClO, Cl2, BrCl, ICl, HOCl, ClNO3, ClNO2, and minor species, is produced by the HCl+OH reaction and by heter

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