Journal articles: 'Reactive tree'

1

Brütsch, Benedikt. "Synthesizing Structured Reactive Programs via Deterministic Tree Automata." Electronic Proceedings in Theoretical Computer Science 112 (March 1, 2013): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4204/eptcs.112.16.

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Brütsch, Benedikt. "Synthesizing structured reactive programs via deterministic tree automata." Information and Computation 242 (June 2015): 108–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ic.2015.03.013.

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Szamocki, Sonia, Clarissa Martyn-Hemphill, and James S. A. Green. "Reactive arthritis: can't see, can't pee, can't climb a tree…" Trends in Urology & Men's Health 7, no. 1 (January 2016): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tre.501.

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Danella Figo, Daniele, Karine De Amicis, Denise Neiva Santos de Aquino, Fabiane Pomiecinski, Gabriele Gadermaier, Peter Briza, Clovis Eduardo Santos Galvão, et al. "Cashew Tree Pollen: An Unknown Source of IgE-Reactive Molecules." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 10 (May 15, 2019): 2397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20102397.

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Pollinosis is sub-diagnosed and rarely studied in tropical countries. Cashew tree pollen has been reported as an allergen source although the knowledge of its immunoglobulin E (IgE)-reactive molecules is lacking. Therefore, this work aimed to identify IgE-reactive molecules and provide a proteomic profile of this pollen. From the 830 proteins identified by shotgun analysis, 163 were annotated to gene ontology, and a list of 39 proteins filtered for high confidence was submitted to the Allfam database where nine were assigned to allergenic families. Thus, 12 patients from the northeast of Brazil with persistent allergic rhinitis and aggravation of symptoms during cashew flowering season were selected. Using a 2D-based approach, we identified 20 IgE-reactive proteins, four already recognized as allergens, including a homolog of the birch isoflavone-reductase (Bet v 6). IgE-reactivity against the extract in native form was confirmed for five patients in ELISA, with three being positive for Bet v 6. Herein, we present a group of patients with rhinitis exposed to cashew tree pollen with the first description of IgE-binding proteins and a proteomic profile of the whole pollen. Cashew tree pollen is considered an important trigger of rhinitis symptoms in clinical practice in the northeast of Brazil, and the elucidation of its allergenic molecules can improve the diagnostics and treatment for allergic patients.

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Gonzalez Olivardia, Franchesca G., Tomohito Matsuo, Hikari Shimadera, and Akira Kondo. "Impacts of the Tree Canopy and Chemical Reactions on the Dispersion of Reactive Pollutants in Street Canyons." Atmosphere 12, no. 1 (December 30, 2020): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12010034.

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Traffic-related air pollution in street canyons can cause health problems for pedestrians. In order to clarify the behavior of reactive pollutants, such as NOx and O3, in street canyons, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model coupled with a chemistry model and tree canopy model was developed, and then, a set of numerical experiments were performed to investigate the impacts of chemical reactions and aerodynamic effects of trees planted in a canyon. The results were compared with the observation data. Through the results of the numerical experiments designed to simulate a realistic urban street canyon, it was found that chemical reactions have a dominant impact on the NO/NO2 ratio and O3 concentration. While the tree canopy had little impact on the NO/NO2 ratio, it had a moderate impact on the flow field in the canyon and the amount of NOx and O3 in the canyon. In accordance with the aerodynamic effects of tree canopies, the local NOx concentration in the experiments increased and decreased by up to 51% and 11%, respectively. The current findings of this study demonstrate the utility of the proposed model for conducting air quality investigations in urban areas.

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Savard, Martine M., Christian Bégin, Jérôme Laganière, Christine Martineau, Joëlle Marion, Franck O. P. Stefani, Armand Séguin, et al. "Anthropogenic N – A global issue examined at regional scale from soils, to fungi, roots and tree rings." E3S Web of Conferences 98 (2019): 13001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199813001.

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Globally increasing anthropogenic airborne emissions of reactive nitrogen (N) generate several environmental issues that require investigating how N accumulation modifies the N cycle. Tree-ring δ15N series may help understanding past and current perturbations in the forest N cycle. Although several studies have addressed this issue, most of them were of local scale or based on short δ15N series. The development of this environmental indicator however would benefit from examining, at the regional scale, the relationships of long tree-ring series with soil N biogeochemical processes. Here we explore these links for tree stands of the oil-sands region in northern Alberta, and the coal-fired power plants region in central Alberta, Canada. We characterize the tree-ring δ15N trends, the N modification rates and bacterial and fungal communities of soil samples collected in the immediate surrounding of the characterized trees. The dataset suggests that specific soil pH, and N-cycling bacterial and fungal communities influence tree-ring δ15N responses to anthropogenic emissions, correlating either directly or inversely. Overall, tree-ring δ15N series may record changes in the forest-N cycle, but their interpretation requires understanding key soil biogeochemical processes. «In nature nothing exists alone», Rachel Carson.

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Powell, C. A., R. R. Pelosi, P. A. Rundell, E. Stover, and M. Cohen. "Cross-Protection of Grapefruit from Decline-Inducing Isolates of Citrus Tristeza Virus." Plant Disease 83, no. 11 (November 1999): 989–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1999.83.11.989.

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The ability of three mild isolates of citrus tristeza virus (CTV) to prevent natural infection of 84 Ruby Red grapefruit on sour orange rootstock by aphid-transmitted, decline-inducing isolates of CTV was assessed by symptoms and verified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) after 16 years. Of 21 trees in each of four treatments protected by the DD 102 bb, Guettler HS, and DPI 1-12-5-X-E mild CTV isolates, 14, 10, and 14% were infected by severe isolates (MCA13 monoclonal antibody reactive) compared with 67% for unprotected control trees. The health of trees protected by the DD 102 bb CTV isolate was significantly better than that of unprotected control trees as measured by decline, tree ratings, and tree height. These data suggest that infection by certain mild isolates of CTV can cross-protect grapefruit trees on sour orange rootstock from decline-inducing isolates of CTV that are prevalent in the Indian River region of Florida.

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Dhyani, A., B. P. Singh, N. Arora, V. K. Jain, and S. Sridhara. "A clinically relevant major cross-reactive allergen from mesquite tree pollen." European Journal of Clinical Investigation 38, no. 10 (October 2008): 774–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2362.2008.02020.x.

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9

van Oosterom, Peter. "A storage structure for a multi-scale database: The reactive-tree." Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 16, no. 3 (May 1992): 239–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0198-9715(92)90036-q.

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Chen, Wenwu, Jianhan Liang, Lin Zhang, and Qingdi Guan. "A Numerical Investigation of Mixing Models in LES-FMDF for Compressible Reactive Flows." Energies 14, no. 16 (August 22, 2021): 5180. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14165180.

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The filtered mass density function (FMDF) model has been employed for large-eddy simulations (LES) of compressible high-speed turbulent mixing and reacting flows. However, the mixing model remains a pressing challenge for FMDF methods, especially for compressible reactive flows. In this work, a temporal development mixing layer with two different convective Mach numbers, Mc=0.4 and Mc=0.8, is used to investigate the mixing models. A simplified one-step reaction and a real hydrogen/air reaction are employed to study the mixing and turbulence-chemistry interaction. Two widely used mixing models, interaction by exchange with the mean (IEM) and Euclidean minimum spanning tree (EMST), are studied. Numerical results indicate that no difference is observed between the IEM and EMST models in simple reaction flows. However, for hydrogen/air reactions, the EMST model can predict the reaction more accurately in high-speed flow. For mixing models in compressible reactive flows, the requirement of localness preservation tends to be more essential as the convective Mach number increases. With the increase of compressibility, the sensitivity of the mixing model coefficient is reduced significantly. Therefore, the appropriate mixing model coefficient has a wider range. Results also indicate that a large error may result when using a fixed mixing model coefficient in compressible flows.

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Shah Hamzei, G. H., D. J. Mulvaney, and I. Sillitoe. "Becoming incrementally reactive: on-line learning of an evolving decision tree array for robot navigation." Robotica 17, no. 3 (May 1999): 325–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574799001319.

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This paper proposes a novel hierarchical multi-layer decision tree for representing reactive robot navigation knowledge. In this representation, the perception space is decomposed into a hierarchical set of worlds reflecting environments which are homogeneous in nature and which vary in complexity in an ordered manner. Each world is used to produce a corresponding decision tree which is trained incrementally. The instantaneous perception of the robot is used to select an appropriate rule from the decision tree and a sequence of rule activations form the complete trajectory. The ability to keep the knowledge complexity manageable and under control is an important aspect of the technique.

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Chang, Annie, Whitney Block, Jennifer B. Bollyky, R. Sharon Chinthrajah, Kari C. Nadeau, and Arnon Elizur. "Exploring Correlations Between Cross-Reactive Tree Nuts in Multiple Food Allergic Patients." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 137, no. 2 (February 2016): AB200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2015.12.784.

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Lis, Robert Andrzej. "Decision Tree Algorithm for Real-Time Identification of Critical Voltage Control Areas." Applied Mechanics and Materials 666 (October 2014): 132–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.666.132.

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Voltage stability, is driven by the balance of reactive power in a transmission power grid, and depends on the reactive power produced by the power stations and the value generated by the capacitive power lines and static compensators. Of particular interest is to identify those Critical Voltage Control Areas (CVCAs) in a transmission power grid, that may suffer reactive power deficiencies. Since speed of analysis is critical for on-line applications the approach will address the development of a scheme whereby CVCAs can be identified using data mining techniques from on-line power system snapshot (PMU). The database for storing/retrieving result of Modal Analysis can be used to construct decision trees (DTs) for each of the identified CVCAs using key power system attributes. The objective of this paper is to propose an new real-time methodology for identification of CVCAs, which is key function for preventive and remedial actions against instability of the Electrical Power System (EPS). This is carried out under various system operation and contingency conditions by using off-line trained decision trees generated and on-line PMU measurements. Numerical results on the 12-bus test system, shows the suitability and effectiveness of the proposed method.

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Shi, Yi, De Wen Li, Ying Chen, and Xing Yuan He. "Emissions of Isoprenoid from Major Planting Tree Species in Shenyang." Advanced Materials Research 183-185 (January 2011): 1041–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.183-185.1041.

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Isoprene and monoterpenes are very reactive biogenic volatile organic compounds and have indirect effects on urban air quality. In this study, eight major planting tree species (six arbores and two shrubs) in Shenyang area were examined for the emission of isoprene and monoterpenes using thermal desorption instruments and gas chromatography. The results showed that there were strong seasonal variations in isoprene and monoterpenes emissions from these urban trees. The highest emission rates for Populus alba × berolinensis and Salix babylonica were observed in June with values of about 426.4µg•g-1h-1 and 100.5µg•g-1h-1, respectively. The emission flux from Salix babylonica, Populus alba × berolinensis, Pinus tabulaeformis, Gingo Biloba, Ulmus pumila, Gleditsia japonica, Syringa oblate and Ligustrum obtusifolium in Shenyang were 168.66tC•y-1, 104.86tC•y-1, 14.48 tC• y-1, 12.16 tC• y-1, 3.56tC•y-1, 1.27tC•y-1, 4.07tC•y-1 and 1.33tC•y-1, respectively. Isoprene and monoterpenes emissions pattern were depended on tree species. Populus alba × berolinensis, Salix babylonica, Syringa oblate and Ligustrum obtusifolium mainly emitted isoprene (64.5-99.7%). Other 4 tree species mainly emitted monoterpenes, amounted to 66.0-94.1% of total emission. Pinus tabulaeformis mainly emitted α-pinene. Ulmus pumila and Gleditsia japonica mainly emitted limonene. Gingo Biloba emitted isoprene and limonene, accounted for 33.99% and 39.53%, respectively. The grade of emission rates of isoprene and monoterpenes from 8 tree species was classified. Populus alba ×berolinensis was a high isoprene and monoterpenes emission tree species in summer. Salix babylonica was a medium isoprene and high monoterpenes emission tree species over growth season. These data demonstrate that rate and flux of the isoprene and monoterpenes emission from planting tree species in urban must be considered on selection of planting tree species for urban atmospheres environment.

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Lenin, K., B. Ravindhranath Reddy, and M. Surya Kalavathi. "IMPROVED BABOON ALGORITHM FOR MINIMIZATION OF REAL POWER LOSS." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 5, no. 1 (January 31, 2017): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v5.i1.2017.1690.

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This paper projects Improved Baboon Algorithm (IBA) for solving the Reactive Power dispatch problem. The key feature in this problem is reduction of real power loss and to keep voltage profiles within limits. This algorithm is inspired from the tree climbing procedures of Baboons, where the Baboons look for the highest tree by climbing up from their positions. The simulation results expose amended performance of the IBA in solving an optimal reactive power dispatch problem. In order to evaluate up the performance of the proposed algorithm, it has been tested on Standard IEEE 30 bus system and compared to other stated algorithms. Simulation results show that IBA is better than other algorithms in reducing the real power loss and voltage profiles also within the limits.

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Babinec, Andrej, František Duchoň, Martin Dekan, Zuzana Mikulová, and Ladislav Jurišica. "Vector Field Histogram* with look-ahead tree extension dependent on time variable environment." Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 40, no. 4 (November 24, 2016): 1250–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142331216678062.

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The article deals with a novel approach to reactive navigation. A proposed reactive navigation is based on the Vector Field Histogram (VFH) method, which is easily modifiable. The biggest advantage of the proposed method is that it allows the robot to avoid static as well as moving obstacles in an unknown environment in a more effective way and without the need of switching any algorithm or the robot’s behaviour. Moreover, the proposed extension allows the avoidance of several moving obstacles in real time. The article contains three proposed improvements of the original VFH* method: representation of moving objects, look-ahead tree improvements and approach to criterion function. The method is verified by several experiments in various scenarios, which include few static and moving obstacles.

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Yi, Jiazi, and Thomas Clausen. "Collection Tree Extension of Reactive Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 10, no. 3 (January 2014): 352421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/352421.

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Baraldi, Rita, Arkadiusz Przybysz, Osvaldo Facini, Lorenzo Pierdonà, Giulia Carriero, Gianpaolo Bertazza, and Luisa Neri. "Impact of Drought and Salinity on Sweetgum Tree (Liquidambar styraciflua L.): Understanding Tree Ecophysiological Responses in the Urban Context." Forests 10, no. 11 (November 15, 2019): 1032. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10111032.

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Understanding urban tree responses to drought, salt stress, and co-occurring stresses, as well as the capability to recover afterward, is important to prevent the cited stresses’ negative effects on tree performance and ecological functionality. We investigated the impact of drought and salinity, alone and in combination, on leaf water potential, gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence, xanthophyll cycle pigments, and isoprene emission of the urban tree species Liquidambar styraciflua L. Generally, drought had a rapid negative impact, while the effect of salt stress was more long lasting. Both stressors significantly decreased photosynthesis, transpiration, and stomatal conductance, as well as the maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) and the photochemical efficiency of PSII (ΦPSII), but increased nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ). Under stress conditions, a strong negative correlation between the PSII efficiency and the xanthophyll cycle pigment composition indicated a nocturnal retention of zeaxanthin and antheraxanthin in a state primed for energy dissipation. Drought and salt stress inhibited isoprene emission from leaves, although its emission was less responsive to stresses than stomatal conductance and photosynthesis. Full recovery of photosynthetic parameters took place after rewatering and washing off of excess salt, indicating that no permanent damage occurred, and suggesting downregulation rather than permanent impairment of the photosynthetic apparatus. Sweetgum trees were capable of withstanding and surviving moderate drought and salt events by activating defense mechanisms conferring tolerance to environmental stresses, without increasing the emission in the atmosphere of the highly reactive isoprene.

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Scheffers, Brett R., Brunno F. Oliveira, Ieuan Lamb, and David P. Edwards. "Global wildlife trade across the tree of life." Science 366, no. 6461 (October 3, 2019): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aav5327.

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Wildlife trade is a multibillion dollar industry that is driving species toward extinction. Of >31,500 terrestrial bird, mammal, amphibian, and squamate reptile species, ~24% (N = 7638) are traded globally. Trade is strongly phylogenetically conserved, and the hotspots of this trade are concentrated in the biologically diverse tropics. Using different assessment approaches, we predict that, owing to their phylogenetic replacement and trait similarity to currently traded species, future trade will affect up to 4064 additional species—totaling 11,702 species at risk of extinction from trade. Our assessment underscores the need for a strategic plan to combat trade with policies that are proactive rather than reactive, which is especially important because species can quickly transition from being safe to being endangered as humans continue to harvest and trade across the tree of life.

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Harmon, Mark E., and David M. Bell. "Mortality in Forested Ecosystems: Suggested Conceptual Advances." Forests 11, no. 5 (May 20, 2020): 572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11050572.

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Mortality of trees is an important ecological process altering forest structure and function as well as influencing forest management decisions. Recent observations suggest that the overall rate of tree mortality is increasing at local to global scales. While more data on mortality is needed to document these changes, key concepts are also needed to guide the collection, interpretation, and use of this information. Mortality can be considered as a general process that includes all forms of tree-related death ranging from parts of trees to large-scale disturbances. Viewing mortality as a continuum allows one to examine how the lifespan of trees and their parts (e.g., branches), as well as multiple disturbances, influence ecosystem structure and function. Statistically, mortality does not follow the law of large numbers because, regardless of the scale analyzed, consequential, infrequent episodes can occur. This causes mortality to occur in irregular pulses. While the causes of mortality are indeed complex, this stems from the fact many processes, each with its own set of controls, can lead to mortality. By analyzing and predicting mortality using a chain of events influenced by specific mechanisms, a clearer understanding of this process should develop, leading to a more science-based and less reactive forest management.

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Sleahtitchi, Mihail. "The causal tree of didactogeny. Branch RES." Akademos, no. 2(61) (September 2021): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.52673/18570461.21.2-61.14.

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By the way it is presented, the repulsive educational style brings undeniable damage to the teaching-learning process, strongly affecting the whole construction of this process, but especially the segment that covers the relationship between teacher and students. Having the ability to impose itself differently - as something reminiscent of an authoritarian or nomothetic behavioral line, distant or impulsive, ultra-reactive or strict, oscillating or detached –, the given educational style contradicts the rights and duties of the teaching profession. As a result, the school environment is crumbling, ceasing to provide an appropriate environment for multilateral and harmonious development of the student or an area in which the professional competence of the teacher enters into a relationship of complementarity with the development peculiarities of the student. Moreover, through the conflicting energies it obviously contributes to the establishment of didactogeny. Or, as it has been mentioned more than once in various specialty sources, if the educational style does not resonate with the rights and duties of the teacher profession, didactogeny is predetermined to become a reality, a state of affairs that must be associated with major mistakes from the area of the teaching-learning process or, in other words, with the greatest deviations from what the professional deontology of the teaching personnel means.

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Kraj, Wojciech, and Marcin Zarek. "Biochemical Basis of Altitude Adaptation and Antioxidant System Activity during Autumn Leaf Senescence in Beech Populations." Forests 12, no. 5 (April 25, 2021): 529. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12050529.

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High-altitude tree populations are exposed to severe natural environmental conditions. Among abiotic factors, variable temperatures, early frosts, and high radiation are the factors affecting tree growth at high altitudes. Fagus sylvatica L. exhibits a variety of physiological and genetic traits that allow it to adapt to different forest habitats. This study examines the differences in the biochemical properties of senescing beech leaves between populations originating from different altitudes using a common-garden experiment. Leaves were collected from five-year-old plants from the beginning of August to the end of October for two years. Based on the changes in senescence marker levels the genetic differences and significant correlations between populations’ altitude origin and their biochemical characteristics were identified. According to the free radical theory of leaf senescence, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and senescence markers were highly correlated. In this study, populations from higher altitudes were characterized by earlier and greater increases in ROS content and oxidative stress, which resulted in higher antioxidative system activity. Increases in ROS in high-altitude populations play a controlling role to initiate earlier senescence processes that allow the trees to adapt to harsh climatic conditions. Earlier senescence allows beech trees to maintain a balance between nitrogen metabolism and photosynthetic activity. It allows for remobilization of nitrogen compounds more efficiently and protects the trees from nitrogen loss and prepares them for winter dormancy.

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Mortazavi, Hamed, Yaser Safi, Maryam Baharvand, Somayeh Rahmani, and Soudeh Jafari. "Peripheral Exophytic Oral Lesions: A Clinical Decision Tree." International Journal of Dentistry 2017 (2017): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9193831.

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Diagnosis of peripheral oral exophytic lesions might be quite challenging. This review article aimed to introduce a decision tree for oral exophytic lesions according to their clinical features. General search engines and specialized databases including PubMed, PubMed Central, Medline Plus, EBSCO, Science Direct, Scopus, Embase, and authenticated textbooks were used to find relevant topics by means of keywords such as “oral soft tissue lesion,” “oral tumor like lesion,” “oral mucosal enlargement,” and “oral exophytic lesion.” Related English-language articles published since 1988 to 2016 in both medical and dental journals were appraised. Upon compilation of data, peripheral oral exophytic lesions were categorized into two major groups according to their surface texture: smooth (mesenchymal or nonsquamous epithelium-originated) and rough (squamous epithelium-originated). Lesions with smooth surface were also categorized into three subgroups according to their general frequency: reactive hyperplastic lesions/inflammatory hyperplasia, salivary gland lesions (nonneoplastic and neoplastic), and mesenchymal lesions (benign and malignant neoplasms). In addition, lesions with rough surface were summarized in six more common lesions. In total, 29 entities were organized in the form of a decision tree in order to help clinicians establish a logical diagnosis by a stepwise progression method.

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Skrypnik, Liubov, Pavel Maslennikov, Pavel Feduraev, Artem Pungin, and Nikolay Belov. "Changes in Antioxidative Compounds and Enzymes in Small-Leaved Linden (Tilia cordata Mill.) in Response to Mistletoe (Viscum album L.) Infestation." Plants 10, no. 9 (September 10, 2021): 1871. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10091871.

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Mistletoe infestation leads to a decrease in the growth of woody plants, their longevity, and partial or complete drying of the top, as well as premature death. Various environmental stress factors, both abiotic and biotic, stimulate the formation of reactive oxygen species and the development of oxidative stress in plant tissues. This study aimed to investigate the effect of mistletoe (Viscum album L.) infestation on the response of the antioxidative defense system in leaves of small-leaved linden (Tilia cordata Mill.). Leaves from infested trees were taken from branches (i) without mistletoe, (ii) with 1–2 mistletoe bushes (low degree of infestation), and (iii) with 5–7 mistletoe bushes (high degree of infestation). The relative water content and the chlorophyll a and b contents in leaves from linden branches affected by mistletoe were significantly lower than those in leaves from non-infested trees and from host-tree branches with no mistletoe. At the same time, leaves from branches with low and high degrees of infestation had significantly higher electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide content, oxidized forms of ascorbic acid (dehydroascorbic and 2,3-diketogulonic acids), and oxidized glutathione. The results of principal component analysis show that the development of oxidative stress was accompanied by an increase in proline content and in superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase activity. Several biochemical parameters (proline, ascorbic acid, dehydroascorbic acid, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, and dehydroascorbate reductase) were found to be altered in leaves from host-tree branches with no mistletoe. This result indicates that the mistletoe infestation of trees not only causes local changes in the locations of hemiparasite attachment, but also affects the redox metabolism in leaves from other parts of the infested tree.

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E. Andoh-Mensah. "Effect of Rock Phosphate on Nutrient Status and Nut Load of Mature Coconut in South-Western Ghana." CORD 27, no. 2 (October 1, 2011): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v27i2.117.

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The effect of rock phosphate on mature coconut was evaluated from 2004 to 2010 within the context of low nut yield due to phosphorus deficiency in the acidic soils of South-Western Ghana. A low reactive Togo rock phosphate containing 25.5% P205 was applied. Three application schedules based on 666 kg/ha rock phosphate and a control were evaluated in a Randomized Complete Block Design with five replications. The application schedules were: (a) Bulk application at 4.5 kg/tree (b) Two-equal-split application at 2.25 kg/tree in years 1and 3 (c) Three-equal-split application at 1.5 kg/ tree in years 1, 2 and 3. Muriate of potash fertilizer was applied at 2 kg/tree as basal treatment. Plot size was 0.2 ha comprising 30 trees. Nut load and leaf nutrient status of coconut palms were determined. Rock phosphate led to a significant (P<0.01) increase in leaf phosphorus and nut yield. It sustained a superior nut load for a 4-year period beginning from year 2 of application to year 5 with average nut gain of 19.0 per tree compared to 4.6 per tree in the control palms. There was no significant (P>0.05) difference in nut yield and nutrient status between bulk and split methods of rock phosphate application. A value-to-cost ratio of 1.5 was obtained thus indicating the profitability of rock phosphate application in the acidic soils of South-Western Ghana. Coir geotextiles find application in revegetation of slopes by stabilizing the soil through erosion control. It has been found that the longevity of coir geotextiles although highest among all the natural fibres, it is required to last for at least 5 years so as to sustain the vegetation on the slopes for a long term solution. Normally it is found that coir geotextiles lose their 50% strength in 6 months in contact with soil, therefore it is required to strengthen the coir geotextiles.

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Moradpour, Maryam, Hossein Afshin, and Bijan Farhanieh. "A numerical investigation of reactive air pollutant dispersion in urban street canyons with tree planting." Atmospheric Pollution Research 8, no. 2 (March 2017): 253–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2016.09.002.

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van der Meer, Irene M., Moniek P. M. de Maat, A. Elisabeth Hak, Amanda J. Kiliaan, Antonio Iglesias del Sol, Deirdre A. M. van der Kuip, Rogier L. G. Nijhuis, Albert Hofman, and Jacqueline C. M. Witteman. "C-Reactive Protein Predicts Progression of Atherosclerosis Measured at Various Sites in the Arterial Tree." Stroke 33, no. 12 (December 2002): 2750–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.str.0000044168.00485.02.

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Anzola, John, Jordán Pascual, Giovanny Tarazona, and Rubén González. "A Clustering WSN Routing Protocol Based on k-d Tree Algorithm." Sensors 18, no. 9 (September 1, 2018): 2899. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18092899.

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Clustering in wireless sensor networks has been widely discussed in the literature as a strategy to reduce power consumption. However, aspects such as cluster formation and cluster head (CH) node assignment strategies have a significant impact on quality of service, as energy savings imply restrictions in application usage and data traffic within the network. Regarding the first aspect, this article proposes a hierarchical routing protocol based on the k-d tree algorithm, taking a partition data structure of the space to organize nodes into clusters. For the second aspect, we propose a reactive mechanism for the formation of CH nodes, with the purpose of improving delay, jitter, and throughput, in contrast with the low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy/hierarchy-centralized protocol and validating the results through simulation.

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Hansel, Colleen M., and Julia M. Diaz. "Production of Extracellular Reactive Oxygen Species by Marine Biota." Annual Review of Marine Science 13, no. 1 (January 3, 2021): 177–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-041320-102550.

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced ubiquitously across the tree of life. Far from being synonymous with toxicity and harm, biological ROS production is increasingly recognized for its essential functions in signaling, growth, biological interactions, and physiochemical defense systems in a diversity of organisms, spanning microbes to mammals. Part of this shift in thinking can be attributed to the wide phylogenetic distribution of specialized mechanisms for ROS production, such as NADPH oxidases, which decouple intracellular and extracellular ROS pools by directly catalyzing the reduction of oxygen in the surrounding aqueous environment. Furthermore, biological ROS production contributes substantially to natural fluxes of ROS in the ocean, thereby influencing the fate of carbon, metals, oxygen, and climate-relevant gases. Here, we review the taxonomic diversity, mechanisms, and roles of extracellular ROS production in marine bacteria, phytoplankton, seaweeds, and corals, highlighting the ecological and biogeochemical influences of this fundamental and remarkably widespread process.

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V. Baranovskiy, Nikolay, Geniy V. Kuznetsov, and Tatiana N. Nemova. "Mathematical Computing of Coniferous Tree Ignition by the Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Discharge using Joule-Lenz's Law." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 7, no. 3 (June 1, 2017): 1337. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v7i3.pp1337-1346.

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The natural phenomenon of thunderstorm activity is one of many causes of a forest fire. Thunderstorms cause especially intensive fire danger situations within remote areas and highlands. As a rule, a cloud-to-ground lightning discharge is the fire source. The present study is based on the research results of electrical overloads in supply networks. Physical and mathematical formulation and numerical solution for the problem of a coniferous tree (pine) ignited by a cloud-to-ground lightning discharge are presented. The problem is considered in a cylindrical coordinate system in two-dimensional formulation. The features of current passage and heat transfer taking into account the reactive wood localization are investigated. The Joule-Lenz’s law is used to calculate heat production in a tree trunk. Parametric analysis has been conducted and tree trunk ignition conditions have been determined in a typical range for the influencing parameters of negative and positive discharges.

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Uka, U. N., and E. J. D. Belford. "Assessment of antioxidant potential of selected roadside trees leaves in Kumasi Metropolis, Ghana." Tropical Plant Research 7, no. 3 (December 31, 2020): 696–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/tpr.2020.v7.i3.088.

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The roadsides of the Kumasi Metropolis, Ghana are lined with the several species of trees, such as, Terminalia catappa, Mangifera indica, Ficus platyphylla and Polyalthia longifolia. The people use them for their health care needs. The vehicle emissions results in oxidative injury in these plants, due to the production of reactive oxygen species. The present study assessed the antioxidant potential of leaves of these tree species subjected to vehicular pollutants. The free radical scavenging activity of leaf extracts of the four tree species were measured using 1, 1- diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH). The total phenolic content (TPC) of the extract was determined by a spectrophotometric assay using the Folin-Ciocalteau’s reagent. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was measured using Phosphomolybdate assay. In this study, the medicinal properties of leaves of Terminalia catappa, Mangifera indica, Ficus platyphylla and Polyalthia longifolia sampled from the control sites showed better medicinal properties. DPPH scavenging activity at concentration 2.7 ug ml-1 was lower at the arterial road sites in all the four tree species. A higher DPPH percentage inhibition was recorded at the control sites. The IC50 values were higher for the leaf sample extracts from the arterial road sites and lower for the Control site. The total phenolic content of leaf samples of all the four tree species at the arterial road sites were lower than and significantly different from those at the Control site (p=0.000). The TAC values were lower at the arterial road sites in comparison to the control sites. There was a significant difference among the arterial road sites and also when compared with the control (P<0.05). It could be suggested from this study that variability exists in the antioxidant activities of plants due to a decrease in the medicinal properties of plants subjected to constant auto vehicular pollution.

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Thakare, Rakesh U., Bharat J. Wadher, Arun B. Ingle, and Kunal Roychaudhury. "Biodegradation of Textile Azo dye reactive Green-19 by an Isolated BasidiomycetePleurotus pulmonarius, A tree Mushroom." Vegetos- An International Journal of Plant Research 26, no. 2s (2013): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/j.2229-4473.26.2s.123.

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Guinot, C., J. Latreille, F. Morizot, L. Ambroisine, E. Mauger, M. Tenenhaus, and D. J. M. Malvy. "Assessment of sun reactive skin type with multiple correspondence analysis, hierarchical and tree-structured classification methods." International Journal of Cosmetic Science 24, no. 4 (August 2002): 207–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1467-2494.2002.00140.x.

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Shukla, Sanjay Kumar, and Manoj Kumar Tiwari. "GA Guided Cluster Based Fuzzy Decision Tree for Reactive Ion Etching Modeling: A Data Mining Approach." IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing 25, no. 1 (February 2012): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsm.2011.2173372.

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Li, Hui, Heng Zhang, Hao Wu, Jiaming Hao, and Chang Liu. "Tree-like structures of InN nanoparticles on agminated anodic aluminum oxide by plasma-assisted reactive evaporation." Applied Surface Science 503 (February 2020): 144309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.144309.

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Babenko, Dmitriy, Aliya Seidullayeva, Dinagul Bayesheva, Bayan Turdalina, Baurzhan Omarkulov, Aigul Almabayeva, Marina Zhanaliyeva, Almagul Kushugulova, and Samat Kozhakhmetov. "Ability of Procalcitonin and C-Reactive Protein for Discriminating between Bacterial and Enteroviral Meningitis in Children Using Decision Tree." BioMed Research International 2021 (August 2, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5519436.

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Bacterial meningitis (BM) is a public health burden in developing countries, including Central Asia. This disease is characterized by a high mortality rate and serious neurological complications. Delay with the start of adequate therapy is associated with an increase in mortality for patients with acute bacterial meningitis. Cerebrospinal fluid culture, as a gold standard in bacterial meningitis diagnosis, is time-consuming with modest sensitivity, and this is unsuitable for timely decision-making. It has been shown that bacterial meningitis differentiation from viral meningitis could be done through different parameters such as clinical signs and symptoms, laboratory values, such as PCR, including blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis. In this study, we proposed the method for distinguishing the bacterial form of meningitis from enteroviral one. The method is based on the machine learning process deriving making decision rules. The proposed fast-and-frugal trees (FFTree) decision tree approach showed an ability to determine procalcitonin and C-reactive protein (CRP) with cut-off values for distinguishing between bacterial and enteroviral meningitis (EVM) in children. Such a method demonstrated 100% sensitivity, 96% specificity, and 98% accuracy in the differentiation of all cases of bacterial meningitis in this study. These findings and proposed method may be useful for clinicians to facilitate the decision-making process and optimize the diagnostics of meningitis.

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Wang, Wenfeng, Bang An, Liping Feng, Chaozu He, and Hongli Luo. "A Colletotrichum gloeosporioides cerato-platanin protein, CgCP1, contributes to conidiation and plays roles in the interaction with rubber tree." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 64, no. 11 (November 2018): 826–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2018-0087.

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Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is the causal agent of rubber tree anthracnose and leads to serious losses of natural rubber production. The pathogenesis of C. gloeosporioides on rubber tree remains unknown. Cerato-platanin proteins are small, secreted cysteine-rich proteins that contribute to virulence and function in plant–fungal interactions. A gene encoding cerato-platanin protein, CgCP1, was identified in C. gloeosporioides. In silico analysis indicated that CgCP1 belongs to a new branch of the cerato-platanin protein family. The CgCP1 knockout mutants (ΔCgCP1) and complementary strain (Res-ΔCgCP1) were generated to investigate its biological function. The results showed that the speed of growth of aerial hyphae was not significantly different among the wild-type (WT), ΔCgCP1, and Res-ΔCgCP1 strains, but conidiation of ΔCgCP1 significantly decreased in comparison with the WT. The pathogenicity test proved that the severity of symptoms caused by ΔCgCP1 was reduced significantly compared with those caused by the Res-ΔCgCP1 and WT strains. Additionally, CgCP1 induced necrosis-like cell death on tobacco leaf and accumulation of reactive oxygen species in rubber tree mesophyll protoplasts. Altogether, these data indicate the involvement of C. gloeosporioides CgCP1 in conidiation and the interaction with rubber tree.

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Kamal Khorsheed, Omeed, and Prof Dr Abdul Hanan Abdullah. "Subarea tree routing algorithm based infrastructure for mobile ad-hoc networks." Journal of Advanced Computer Science & Technology 8, no. 1 (June 12, 2019): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/jacst.v8i1.19003.

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Ad hoc networks are self-organizing and multi-hop networks for data communication. Subarea Tree Routing (STR) has used for multi-hop networks for network division into various subareas. The main objective of this paper is creating a dynamic sub-area tree infrastructure for Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET). The proposed architecture uses the hierarchical procedure to divide the whole network into many geographical sub-area networks. In addition, each sub-area has a selected root node, we can configure the root node manually due to small ad hoc network and uses auto-discovery procedure to select the roots for large networks. The root node is located at the center of sub-area with hop level zero. The root function is used to update the routing table and root table for sub-area. After sub-area created any interconnected node detects a new inefficient node for sending the invitation message to join the sub-area tree. In the same sub-area, proactive routing protocols are used between the sub-area root node and its interconnect nodes and reactive routing protocols are used between all sub-areas root nodes. The new sub-area tree provides an infrastructure to avoid the flooding procedures. Routing in the sub-area tree avoids the transmission collision to optimize the ad-hoc networks.

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Pitre, Mélanie, Lamia L’Hocine, Allaoua Achouri, Martin Blaquière, and Anne Des Roches. "Immunoglobulin E-Binding Pattern of Canadian Peanut Allergic Children and Cross-Reactivity with Almond, Hazelnut and Pistachio." Biomolecules 10, no. 8 (July 22, 2020): 1091. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10081091.

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Peanut allergic individuals can be both co-sensitized and co-allergic to peanut and tree nuts. At the moment, standard diagnostic approaches do not always allow differentiation between clinically relevant sensitization and nonsignificant cross-reactions, and the responsibility of each allergen remains unclear. The objective of this study was therefore to determine a peanut sensitization profile in a cohort of Canadian peanut allergic children and assess the immunoglobulin E (IgE) molecular cross-reactivity between peanut, almond, hazelnut and pistachio. The specific IgE (sIgE) levels of each patient serum were determined by ImmunoCAP, indirect ELISA and immunoblot to examine their sIgE-binding levels and profiles to peanut proteins. Reciprocal inhibition ELISA and immunoblotting were used to study sIgE cross-reactions between peanut and the selected tree nuts using an adjusted and representative serum pool of the nine allergic patients. The results showed that the prepared peanut and tree nut protein extracts allowed for the detection of the majority of peanut and selected tree nut known allergens. The reciprocal inhibition ELISA experiments showed limited sIgE cross-reactivities between peanut and the studied tree nuts, with peanut being most likely the sensitizing allergen and tree nuts the cross-reactive ones. In the case of hazelnut and pistachio, a coexisting primary sensitization to hazelnut and pistachio was also demonstrated in the serum pool. Reciprocal inhibition immunoblotting further revealed that storage proteins (2S albumin, 7S vicilin and 11S legumin) could possibly account for the observed IgE-cross-reactions between peanut and the studied tree nuts in this cohort of allergic individuals. It also demonstrated the importance of conformational epitopes in the exhibited cross-reactions.

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Karlik, John F., and Arthur M. Winer. "306 Implications for Biogenic Hydrocarbon Inventory Development from Leafmass Measurements of Urban Trees." HortScience 34, no. 3 (June 1999): 495C—495. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.495c.

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More than 70 biogenic hydrocarbon (BHC) compounds are known to be emitted by plants, but only a few are emitted in relatively large quantities. The magnitude of BHC emissions from individual trees is affected by ambient light and temperature, species-specific emissions rates, and leafmass. Like other volatile organic compounds (VOC), BHC emissions react with oxides of nitrogen (NOx) to form ozone and, thus, can contribute to urban air pollution. On average, BHC emissions are as reactive or more reactive than the VOC emissions from automobiles and can have higher ozone-forming potential. An accurate estimate of the overall magnitude of BHC contributions is important in formulating strategies to reduce peak ozone concentrations because an effective strategy will take into account the relative strengths of NOx and VOC emissions. The choice between NOx and VOC controls is crucial since an incorrect emphasis may result in non-attainment of ozone-reduction goals and control measures for either NOx or VOC involve enormous costs. As part of a program to develop a reliable BHC emission inventory for the Central Valley of California, a quantitative investigation of the leafmass of urban trees was conducted. Twenty-one trees in Bakersfield, Calif., were harvested and leaves removed, dried, and weighed. Leaf masses per tree ranged from 1.5 to 89.6 kg. Leaf mass densities (dry leaf mass per area of crown projection) ranged from 150 to 3200 g·m-2, as much as eight times greater than leaf mass densities for deciduous forests and more than twice those for coniferous forests. These data suggest the BHC contributions of urban trees may be underestimated if their foliar masses are calculated using forest-based leaf mass density data.

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Fabris, Luca, Carlo Spirli, Massimiliano Cadamuro, Romina Fiorotto, and Mario Strazzabosco. "Emerging concepts in biliary repair and fibrosis." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 313, no. 2 (August 1, 2017): G102—G116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00452.2016.

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Chronic diseases of the biliary tree (cholangiopathies) represent one of the major unmet needs in clinical hepatology and a significant knowledge gap in liver pathophysiology. The common theme in cholangiopathies is that the target of the disease is the biliary tree. After damage to the biliary epithelium, inflammatory changes stimulate a reparative response with proliferation of cholangiocytes and restoration of the biliary architecture, owing to the reactivation of a variety of morphogenetic signals. Chronic damage and inflammation will ultimately result in pathological repair with generation of biliary fibrosis and clinical progression of the disease. The hallmark of pathological biliary repair is the appearance of reactive ductular cells, a population of cholangiocyte-like epithelial cells of unclear and likely mixed origin that are able to orchestrate a complex process that involves a number of different cell types, under joint control of inflammatory and morphogenetic signals. Several questions remain open concerning the histogenesis of reactive ductular cells, their role in liver repair, their mechanism of activation, and the signals exchanged with the other cellular elements cooperating in the reparative process. This review contributes to the current debate by highlighting a number of new concepts derived from the study of the pathophysiology of chronic cholangiopathies, such as congenital hepatic fibrosis, biliary atresia, and Alagille syndrome.

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Faraggiana, T., D. Villari, J. Jagirdar, and J. Patil. "Expression of sialic acid on the alveolar surface of adult and fetal human lungs." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 34, no. 6 (June 1986): 811–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/34.6.2422255.

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Lung alveoli are coated by a thin layer of extracellular material rich in anionic charges. The nature of this acid layer and its relationship to the phospholipid surfactant are not known. We investigated the possible presence of sialic acid groups by light and electron microscopy in tissues from normal fetal and adult lungs, using neuraminidase treatment followed by staining with the galactose-binding lectin from peanut, labeled with peroxidase. Our results showed that adult lung does not bear peanut lectin-reactive sites but that a very thin and distinct reactive layer becomes evident after neuraminidase treatment, especially on type II pneumocytes. In fetal lung, the entire surface of the developing respiratory tree is outlined by a strongly peanut lectin-reactive layer even if neuraminidase digestion is not performed. We conclude that the acid coat of the alveolar lining is in part composed of sialic acid residues and that sialic acid is added to the fetal lung as the alveoli mature.

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Islam, Md Khairul, Amornpan Thaemngoen, Chun Yin Lau, Jianyu Guan, Chi Shun Yeung, Sumate Chaiprapat, and Shao-Yuan Leu. "Staged organosolv pretreatment to increase net energy and reactive lignin yield in whole oil palm tree biorefinery." Bioresource Technology 326 (April 2021): 124766. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124766.

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Radlovic, Nedeljko, Zoran Lekovic, Vladimir Radlovic, Dusica Simic, Dragana Ristic, and Biljana Vuletic. "Food allergy in children." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 144, no. 1-2 (2016): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh1602099r.

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Food allergy represents a highly up-to-date and continually increasing problem of modern man. Although being present in all ages, it most often occures in children aged up to three years. Sensitization most often occurs by a direct way, but it is also possible to be caused by mother?s milk, and even transplacentally. Predisposition of inadequate immune response to antigen stimulation, reaginic or nonreaginic, is of nonselective character so that food allergy is often multiple and to a high rate associated with inhalation and/ or contact hypersensitivity. Also, due to antigen closeness of some kinds of food, cross-reactive allergic reaction is also frequent, as is the case with peanuts, legumes and tree nuts or cow?s, sheep?s and goat?s milk. Most frequent nutritive allergens responsible for over 90% of adverse reactions of this type are proteins of cow?s milk, eggs, peanuts, tree nuts, wheat, soy, fish, shellfish, crustaceans, and cephalopods. Allergy intolerance of food antigens is characterized by a very wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. Highly severe systemic reactions, sometimes fatal, are also possible. The diagnosis of food allergy is based on a detailed personal and family medical history, complete clinical examination, and corresponding laboratory and other examinations adapted to the type of hypersensitivity and the character of patient?s complaints, and therapy on the elimination diet. A positive effect of elimination diet also significantly contributes to the diagnosis. Although most children ?outgrow? their allergies, allergy to peanuts, tree nuts, fish, shellfish, crustaceans, and cephalopods are generally life-long allergies.

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Araújo, Márcia, João Prada, Nuno Mariz-Ponte, Conceição Santos, José Alberto Pereira, Diana C. G. A. Pinto, Artur M. S. Silva, and Maria Celeste Dias. "Antioxidant Adjustments of Olive Trees (Olea Europaea) under Field Stress Conditions." Plants 10, no. 4 (April 1, 2021): 684. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10040684.

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Extreme climate events are increasingly frequent, and the 2017 summer was particularly critical in the Mediterranean region. Olive is one of the most important species of this region, and these climatic events represent a threat to this culture. However, it remains unclear how olive trees adjust the antioxidant enzymatic system and modulate the metabolite profile under field stress conditions. Leaves from two distinct adjacent areas of an olive orchard, one dry and the other hydrated, were harvested. Tree water status, oxidative stress, antioxidant enzymes, and phenolic and lipophilic metabolite profiles were analyzed. The environmental conditions of the 2017 summer caused a water deficit in olive trees of the dry area, and this low leaf water availability was correlated with the reduction of long-chain alkanes and fatty acids. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide radical (O2•–) levels increased in the trees collected from the dry area, but lipid peroxidation did not augment. The antioxidant response was predominantly marked by guaiacol peroxidase (GPOX) activity that regulates the H2O2 harmful effect and by the action of flavonoids (luteolin-7-O-glucuronide) that may act as reactive oxygen species scavengers. Secoiridoids adjustments may also contribute to stress regulation. This work highlights for the first time the protective role of some metabolite in olive trees under field drought conditions.

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Koritala, Bala S. C., Craig Wager, Joshua C. Waters, Ryan Pachucki, Benedetto Piccoli, Yaping Feng, Laura B. Scheinfeldt, et al. "Habitat-Specific Clock Variation and Its Consequence on Reproductive Fitness." Journal of Biological Rhythms 35, no. 2 (December 26, 2019): 134–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748730419896486.

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The circadian clock controls daily activities at the cellular and organismic level, allowing an organism to anticipate incoming stresses and to use resources accordingly. The circadian clock has therefore been considered a fitness trait in multiple organisms. However, the mechanism of how circadian clock variation influences organismal reproductive fitness is still not well understood. Here we describe habitat-specific clock variation (HSCV) of asexual reproduction in Neurospora discreta, a species that is adapted to 2 different habitats, under or above tree bark. African (AF) N. discreta strains, whose habitat is above the tree bark in light-dark (LD) conditions, display a higher rhythmicity index compared with North American (NA) strains, whose habitat is under the tree bark in constant dark (DD). Although AF-type strains demonstrated an overall fitness advantage under LD and DD conditions, NA-type strains exhibit a habitat-specific fitness advantage in DD over the LD condition. In addition, we show that allelic variation of the clock-controlled gene, Ubiquinol cytochrome c oxidoreductase (NEUDI_158280), plays a role in HSCV by modulating cellular reactive oxygen species levels. Our results demonstrate a mechanism by which local adaptation involving circadian clock regulation influences reproductive fitness.

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Zafra, A., M. J. Jiménez-Quesada, J. A. Traverso, F. J. Corpas, M. I. Rodríguez-García, and J. D. Alché. "Peroxisomal Localization of CuZn Superoxide Dismutase in the Male Reproductive Tissues of the Olive Tree." Microscopy and Microanalysis 18, S5 (August 2012): 33–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927612012822.

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Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are a class of antioxidant enzymes which catalyze the dismutation of superoxide into oxygen and hydrogen peroxide, therefore controlling cellular levels of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). In the mature pollen grains of the olive tree, the presence of several forms of CuZn-SOD and the cytosolic localization of the enzyme have been described. The present study was aimed to elucidate the adaptation of the oxidative metabolism to the changing conditions occurring during the course of olive pollen formation, hydration and pollen tube emergence and growth. We used a polyclonal antibody (raised against a KLH-linked synthetic peptide including a consensus sequence for CuZn-SODs in olive pollen) in immunocytochemical experiments carried out by Fluorescence (FM) and Transmission Electron Microcopy (TEM).

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Rafiei, Rezvan, Mustapha Nourelfath, and Luis Antonio De Santa-Eulalia. "Dealing with Stochasticity in Wood Remanufacturing Operations Planning." International Journal of Mathematical, Engineering and Management Sciences 6, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 522–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33889/ijmems.2021.6.2.032.

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The planning process of wood remanufacturing operations encompasses challenging characteristic, including divergent co-production (one log tree may produce several different products), alternative processes (different receipts exist to produce the same products), short order cycle, dynamic market behaviour (with highly varying demand) and imperfect raw materials (due to its biological nature, the yield vary considerably). To deal with this complexity, in this paper random demand is modeled as scenario tree and three new predictive multi-stage stochastic programming models are developed with multiple objective functions. After implementing them employing datasets from a wood remanufacturing partner in Canada, the proposed models are compared to a reactive re-planning approach. The obtained results indicate that the new models exhibit higher quality solutions in comparison with their corresponding deterministic two-stage models. We also determine the number of stages for which the multi-stage programs provide better planning than the re-planning approach.

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Mazidi, Mohsen, Peyman Rezaie, Gordon A. Ferns, and Hong-kai Gao. "Impact of different types of tree nut, peanut, and soy nut consumption on serum C-reactive protein (CRP)." Medicine 95, no. 44 (November 2016): e5165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000005165.

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de Leon, M. P., A. C. Drew, I. N. Glaspole, C. Suphioglu, J. M. Rolland, and R. E. O'Hehir. "Functional analysis of cross-reactive immunoglobulin E antibodies: peanut-specific immunoglobulin E sensitizes basophils to tree nut allergens." Clinical Experimental Allergy 35, no. 8 (August 2005): 1056–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.02310.x.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Reactive tree'

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