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Katsuta, S., T. Okano, and H. Suzuki. "REAGANT HANDLING AND RELEASE SYSTEM USING CELL-SIZED LIPOSOMES." Proceedings of the Symposium on Micro-Nano Science and Technology 2017.8 (2017): PN—86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemnm.2017.8.pn-86.
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Kotyński, Andrzej, Zbigniew H. Kudzin, and Romuald Skowroński. "Trifluoroacetic anhydride-sodium iodide as a reagant for the selective detection of nitroso compounds by thin-layer chromatography." Journal of Chromatography A 516, no. 2 (1990): 467–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(01)89290-6.
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Kusdarini, Esthi, Agus Budianto, and Desyana Ghafarunnisa. "PRODUKSI KARBON AKTIF DARI BATUBARA BITUMINUS DENGAN AKTIVASI TUNGGAL H3PO4, KOMBINASI H3PO4-NH4HCO3, DAN TERMAL." Reaktor 17, no. 2 (2017): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.17.2.74-80.
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Abstract ACTIVE CARBON PRODUCTION OF BITUMINOUS COAL WITH SINGLE ACTIVITY H3PO4, H3PO4 COMBINE WITH NH4HCO3, AND THERMAL. Bituminous coal has a good potential to be utilized as activated carbon because it has high carbon, which is between 54-86%. The purpose of research was to obtain moisture content data, ash content, volatile matter, fixed carbon, absorption of iodine (iodine), area surface and the volume of pore activated carbon. Another aim was to study the effect of reagent types and concentrations of H3PO4 reagent and NH4HCO3 reagent to the characteristics of the activated carbon. The study was conducted in six stages: 1) carbonization; 2) chemical activation; 3) neutralizing; 4) filtering; 5) activation in physics; and 6) cooling. The renewal of this study is the use of reagents combination H3PO4-NH4HCO3. The results showed that the active carbon which is activated by a combination of H3PO4 reagent 2 M - NH4HCO3 reagent 2 M and reagent H3PO4 reagent 2.5 M - reagent NH4HCO3 reagent 2.5 M have the best iodine. Activated carbon is activated using H3PO4 reagent 2 M - NH4HCO3 reagent 2 M containing 7.5% water content; ash content of 9,0%; volatile matter content of 43.3%, 40.2% fixed carbon, iodine 1238.544 mg/g. While activated carbon which is activated using H3PO4reagent 2.5 M - NH4HCO3 reagent 2.5 M contain 7.4% water content; ash content is about 10%; volatile matter content is 39.1%, fixed carbon is 43.5%, iodine 1238.544 mg/g, surface area 86.213 m2/g, and pore volume 0.0733 cc/g. Keywords: perf activation; coal; bituminous; H3PO4; NH4HCO3; active carbon Abstrak Batubara bituminus mempunyai potensi bagus untuk dimanfaatkan menjadi karbon aktif karena mempunyai kandungan karbon yang cukup tinggi, yaitu antara 54-86%. Tujuan penelitian adalah memperoleh data kadar air, kadar abu, kadar zat terbang, fixed carbon, daya serap terhadap iodium (bilangan iodin), luas permukaan, dan volume pori karbon aktif. Tujuan lainnya adalah mempelajari pengaruh jenis dan konsentrasi reagen H3PO4 dan NH4HCO3 terhadap karakteristik karbon aktif. Penelitian dilakukan dalam enam tahap : 1) karbonisasi; 2) aktivasi secara kimia; 3) penetralan;; 4) penyaringan; 5) aktivasi secara fisika; 6) pendinginan. Pembaharuan dalam penelitian ini adalah penggunaan kombinasi reagen H3PO4-NH4HCO3. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karbon aktif yang diaktivasi dengan kombinasi reagen H3PO4 2 M - NH4HCO3 2 M dan H3PO4 2,5 M - NH4HCO3 2,5 M mempunyai bilangan iodin terbaik. Karbon aktif yang diaktivasi menggunakan reagen H3PO4 2 M - NH4HCO3 2 M mengandung kadar air 7,5%, kadar abu 9,0%, kadar zat terbang 43,3%, fixed carbon 40,2%, bilangan iodin 1238,544 mg/g. Sedangkan karbon aktif yang diaktivasi menggunakan reagen H3PO4 2,5 M - NH4HCO3 2,5 M mengandung kadar air 7,4%, kadar abu 10%, kadar zat terbang 39,1%, fixed carbon 43,5%, bilangan iodin 1238,544 mg/g, luas permukaan 86,213 m2/g, dan volume pori 0,0733 cc/g. Kata kunci: aktivasi; batubara; bituminus; H3PO4; NH4HCO3; karbon aktif
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An, Jae-Seok, Ji-Na Kim, Kwang-Seo Park, Eun-Bit Joo, Sang-Hyuk Yoon, and Yoon-Cheol Kim. "A Study on the Comparison of One Step Method and Two Step Method to Improve Reporting of CA 19-9 Results." Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology 28, no. 1 (2024): 81–87. https://doi.org/10.12972/kjnmt.20240011.
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Purpose: CA 19-9 is the most widely used tumor marker for the diagnosis of digestive system tumor, especially pancreatic and biliary tract cancer. This study was conducted to improve the result value near reference range by comparing the reagents of CA 19-9 one step method and two step method. In addition, it was intended to establish a standard for selecting reagents. Material and Methods: 120 patients who visited the National Cancer Center in 2023 were selected as subjects for this study. The reagents used in the study were CA 19-9 IRMA kits (Shinjin, Korea) and three types of reagents were compared. Two step method reagent that is currently being used (A), one step method reagent (B) and two step method reagent improved by request (C) were compared and regression analysis was performed on their data. And we also performed recovery test, linearity test and hook effect test for each reagent. Result: There were 46 cases of reagent B in which the concentration value was lower than the result measured in reagent A that was previously used, and 77 cases of reagent C. As a result of regression analysis of reagents A, B, and C, the coefficients of determination of reagents A and B, reagents A and C, and reagents B and C were 0.653, 0.577, and 0.875. In the recovery rate test and the linearity test, the results of all reagents were good, and in the hook effect test, reagent B showed a hook effect at a low value. Conclusion: The improved reagent C appears to have been improved based on the concentration value of reagent B, which the manufacturer judged to be more stable at low concentrations. The hook effect in reagent B can be a fatal reason for disqualification when selecting reagents in general patient samples which high-concentration samples appear frequently. The first improved reagent C will be able to be used once it is confirmed that it has more stability for various concentration values.
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(SMT.), R. D. WAGH, and ANUSE M.A. "1-( 4'-Bromophenyl)-4,4,6-trimethyl-(1 H,4H)-2-pyrimidinethiol as a Spectrophotometric Reagent for Rhodium(III)." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 74, Jun 1997 (1997): 514–15. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5882633.
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Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Shivaji University, Kolhapur-416 004 Manuscript received 24 March 1995. revised 29 December 1995, accepted 4 March 1996 1-( 4'-Bromophenyl)-4,4,6-trimethyl-(1 <em>H</em>,4<em>H</em>)-2-pyrimidinethiol as a Spectrophotometric Reagent for Rhodium(III)
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Ndubuizu, Rosemary Nonye. "REAGAN’S AUSTERITY BUREAUCRATS." Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race 16, no. 2 (2019): 535–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742058x19000274.
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AbstractIn 1982, President Ronald Reagan’s administration initiated a dramatic policy shift towards a new housing voucher program, which simultaneously resulted in a near-halt in public and project-based assisted housing funding. When analyzing this historic policy shift, many affordable housing scholars have overemphasized race-absent narratives about fiscal austerity to explain the Reagan administration’s policy rejection of public housing and embrace of housing vouchers. To present a more comprehensive and intersectional history of the Reagan administration’s transition to housing vouchers, I employ an alternative methodological lens that I call Black feminist critical policy studies. This paper traces how the Office of Management and Budget and Housing and Urban Development officials relied on obscured racial and gender bias in their debate informing Reagan's alternative housing voucher program. By revealing the social bias endemic in the Reagan administration’s housing debate, this article illustrates that housing vouchers were not simply a neutral, cost-efficient policy tool but helped ensure low-income black mothers’ continued subjection to anti-welfare backlash, housing discrimination, and paternal supervision.
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McCormick, Evan. "Freedom Tide? Ideology, Politics, and the Origins of Democracy Promotion in U.S. Central America Policy, 1980–1984." Journal of Cold War Studies 16, no. 4 (2014): 60–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws_a_00516.
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The Reagan administration came to power in 1981 seeking to downplay Jimmy Carter's emphasis on human rights in U.S. policy toward Latin America. Yet, by 1985 the administration had come to justify its policies towards Central America in the very same terms. This article examines the dramatic shift that occurred in policymaking toward Central America during Ronald Reagan's first term. Synthesizing existing accounts while drawing on new and recently declassified material, the article looks beyond rhetoric to the political, intellectual, and bureaucratic dynamics that conditioned the emergence of a Reaganite human rights policy. The article shows that events in El Salvador suggested to administration officials—and to Reagan himself—that support for free elections could serve as a means of shoring up legitimacy for embattled allies abroad, while defending the administration against vociferous human rights criticism at home. In the case of Nicaragua, democracy promotion helped to eschew hard decisions between foreign policy objectives. The history of the Reagan Doctrine's contentious roots provides a complex lens through which to evaluate subsequent U.S. attempts to foster democracy overseas.
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M. Alhar, Maysaa A. "A Study of the Spectral, Chromatographic and Solubility Characteristics of New Analytical Reagents from Anil-Azo and Their Biological Effects on Bacteria." Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 15, no. 2 (2022): 1115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/2447.
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This study was conducted to create a new reagent from Anil-Azo compounds and study their biological impacts on two types of bacteria. For the first step, four reagents had been created by reaction of p-phenyl diamine in acidic form with 2-formyl-4-methyl phenol in neutral medium to create reagent {1}, which used to produce reagent {2} by reacting it with amino benzothiazole over four hours in the presence of glacial CH3COOH. The reagent {1} was also used to form reagent {3} by reacting it with amino imidazole over two hours. Finally, reagent {3} had been generated by reacting reagent {1} with naphthyl amine (0.2 mol) over four hours in the presence of glacial CH3COOH. The UV-visible spectrum was showed that a new ligand was created between 190-600 nm in reagent {2}, {3} and {4} while reagent {1} was appeared in 519-600 nm area. FTIR spectrum showed that many new coordinate bonds had been formed in different locations. Also, the chromatographic separation study showed that reagent {4} was separated faster than other reagents. Study of compounds stability showed that all reagents were stable in methanol, ethanol, DMSO and DMF. Study of chemical-physical peripteries showed that percentage of reagents’ yield ranged between 80-70%. The assessment of the formulated reagents against various kinds of bacteria was carried out using a medium (agar) via numerous processes. Microbial inhibition was tested at three concentrations: 30, 50 and 70 micrograms, with a blank solvent (DMSO), for bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli and Streptococcus pneumonia with an incubation period of 24 hours at 37℃. The results of biological impacts showed that reagent {2} showed more inhibition Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumonia.
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Xiao, Hong Xiang, Xiang Ji, and Jun Fei Dong. "Advanced Encryption Standard Algorithm Applied Research in Medical Reagent Sales Management." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 21 (December 2015): 209–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.21.209.
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Blood cell analyzer to complete cell detection function to fit the diluent, the hemolytic agent, sheath fluid reagent for medical use. In order to guarantee the stability of testing results, as well as protecting the interests of enterprise sales of reagents, under normal circumstances, instruments and reagents password authentication is needed in order to work properly. Reagent sales typically use encryption methods to achieve the instrument specifies the use of reagents, but unable to control reagent for sales by region. Using a symmetric key encryption algorithm Advanced Encryption Standard, and put forward a new reagent encryption method. The method can realize the enterprise to the reagent according to regional sales purposes, and can be used to control the designated on the instrument for custom reagent. The verification and analysis of the encryption method using VC platform.
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A.M. Alhar, Maysaa. "Preparation of Chalcone-Azo reagents and study of their chemical analysis, thermal studies, and biological effects against fungi." Sumer 4 8, CSS 4 (2023): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.04.99.
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Chalcone reagents are used in various fields because of their biological, medical, and medicinal properties. Therefore, this study aimed to prepare a new reagent of Chalcone–Azo and study its chemical and physical properties using different techniques. In this recent work, four reagents were created and tested using thermal behavior in stability curves, solubility in various solvents, and spectral characterization like UV-visible FT-IR. In addition, a biological study was conducted to estimate the effect of these reagents on two types of fungi. Results showed that spectral characterization methods (UV-visible and FT-IR) showed that new groups of compounds were formed, and starter reactants disappeared. This is good proof of forming new reagents. The outcome of thermal behavior in stability curves solubility in various solvents emphasizes these results. The study of using the new reagents as antifungal substances showed that reagent {3} had the highest effect on inhibiting study fungi growth, followed by reagent {4}. Keywords: Reagent, analytical, thermal, fungi, bioassay
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Minogue, Timothy D., Phillip A. Rachwal, Adrienne Trombley Hall, Jeffery W. Koehler, and Simon A. Weller. "Cross-Institute Evaluations of Inhibitor-Resistant PCR Reagents for Direct Testing of Aerosol and Blood Samples Containing Biological Warfare Agent DNA." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 80, no. 4 (2013): 1322–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.03478-13.
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ABSTRACTRapid pathogen detection is crucial for the timely introduction of therapeutics. Two groups (one in the United Kingdom and one in the United States) independently evaluated inhibitor-resistant PCR reagents for the direct testing of substrates. In the United Kingdom, a multiplexedBacillus anthracis(target) andBacillus subtilis(internal-control) PCR was used to evaluate 4 reagents against 5 PCR inhibitors and down-selected the TaqMan Fast Virus 1-Step master mix (Life Technologies Inc.). In the United States, four real-time PCR assays (targetingB. anthracis,Brucella melitensis, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus [VEEV], andOrthopoxvirusspp.) were used to evaluate 5 reagents (plus the Fast Virus master mix) against buffer, blood, and soil samples and down-selected the KAPA Blood Direct master mix (KAPA Biosystems Inc.) with added PlatinumTaq(Life Technologies). The down-selected reagents underwent further testing. In the United Kingdom experiments, both reagents were tested against seven contrived aerosol collector samples containingB. anthracisAmes DNA andB. subtilisspores from a commercial formulation (BioBall). In PCR assays with reaction mixtures containing 40% crude sample, an airfield-collected sample induced inhibition of theB. subtilisPCR with the KAPA reagent and complete failure of both PCRs with the Fast Virus reagent. However, both reagents allowed successful PCR for all other samples—which inhibited PCRs with a non-inhibitor-resistant reagent. In the United States, a cross-assay limit-of-detection (LoD) study in blood was conducted. The KAPA Blood Direct reagent allowed the detection of agent DNA (by four PCRs) at higher concentrations of blood in the reaction mixture (2.5%) than the Fast Virus reagent (0.5%), although LoDs differed between assays and reagent combinations. Across both groups, the KAPA Blood Direct reagent was determined to be the optimal reagent for inhibition relief in PCR.
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Meinardi, Ichwan, and Mansyur Arif. "KADAR KOLESTEROL HDL TERUKUR MENGGUNAKAN REAGEN CHOLESTEST N HDL DAN HDL-C PLUS GENERASI KETIGA." INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY 16, no. 2 (2018): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.24293/ijcpml.v16i2.971.
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The using of the open reagent system tools gives the possibility to choose the best quality of reagents including the reagent for HDLcholesterol concentration test. Hitachi 902 (Roche) as an open reagent system tool may used Cholestest N HDL (Daichi) as the firstHDL reagent and HDL-C plus 3rd generation reagent (Roche). The aim of this study was to know the correlation of HDL cholesterolconcentrations using Cholestest N HDL and HDL-C plus 3rd generation reagents measured by Hitachi 902. A cross sectional study wasdone from April to June 2008 at Ratulangi Medical Centre Laboratory, Makassar. The HDL cholesterol concentration was measured byHitachi 902 using Cholestest N HDL and HDL-C plus 3rd generation reagents. Sample was analyzed with SPSS 14 for Windows Programusing T test and Pearson Correlation. Among 80 samples we found the mean HDL concentration using Daichi reagent was 46.19 mg/dlranging from 34.99 mg/dl to 57.39 mg/dl and the mean using Roche 3rd reagent was 48.35 mg/dl ranging from 35.18 mg/dl to 61.52mg/dl, with p = 0.098 and Pearson Correlation was r = 0.967 with p = 0.000.There was no difference between HDL concentrationdetected by Cholestest N HDL and HDL-C plus 3rd generation reagents.
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Jeong, Se-Hee, Yung-Ji Lee, and Sun-Ho Lee. "Comparative Analysis between Reagents for Hepatitis B Surface Antibody Titer Test." Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology 28, no. 2 (2024): 143–51. https://doi.org/10.12972/kjnmt.20240019.
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Purpose: It is important for liver transplant patients to maintain a certain level of hepatitis B antibodies to prevent recurrence of hepatitis B after liver transplant surgery. The liver transplant and hepatobiliary surgery department at our hospital uses hepatitis B surface antibody titer testing as an important indicator in monitoring liver transplant patients. Recently, our hospital switched to reagents from company B due to an unstable supply of reagents and consumables from company A. Therefore, we evaluated the differences and correlation between those two reagents. Materials and Methods: A reagent comparison experiment between Company A and Company B was conducted on 69 samples of the hepatitis B surface antibody test requested in April 2022. Company A's reagent is a two-step test using beads, and Company B's reagent is a one-step test using a tube. For comparative experiments, samples diluted 10 times with stock solution and physiological saline were used, and the correlation between these reagents was analyzed by dilution factor. Results: The correlation graph between the two reagents shows the gradual upward gradient, and the result of B's reagent tended to be 5 times lower than A's reagent. The correlation between the 10-fold dilution of B's reagent, which is multiplied by 5, and the 10-fold dilution of A's reagent was compared for a similar value of A's reagent. Consequently, that was y = 1.1426x – 145.44, R² = 0.9828, which means a good correlation with an increased gradient. Furthermore, the B took 90 minutes to react, though the A took more than 120 minutes to test. Conclusion: Overall, B's reagent showed a lower value approximately 5 times rather than A's reagent, and there is the most valuable correlation between the 10-fold dilution of A's reagent and the 10-fold dilution of B's reagent multiplied by 5. If the 5-fold corrected value is referred to when reporting results using B's reagent, antibody trend analysis will be possible, similar to the result of the previous reagent. Also, it leads to an improvement in the laboratory's work efficiency significantly by the shorter test time.
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Krylov, Igor B., Vera A. Vil’, and Alexander O. Terent’ev. "Cross-dehydrogenative coupling for the intermolecular C–O bond formation." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 11 (January 20, 2015): 92–146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.11.13.
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The present review summarizes primary publications on the cross-dehydrogenative C–O coupling, with special emphasis on the studies published after 2000. The starting compound, which donates a carbon atom for the formation of a new C–O bond, is called the CH-reagent or the C-reagent, and the compound, an oxygen atom of which is involved in the new bond, is called the OH-reagent or the O-reagent. Alcohols and carboxylic acids are most commonly used as O-reagents; hydroxylamine derivatives, hydroperoxides, and sulfonic acids are employed less often. The cross-dehydrogenative C–O coupling reactions are carried out using different C-reagents, such as compounds containing directing functional groups (amide, heteroaromatic, oxime, and so on) and compounds with activated C–H bonds (aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, ethers, amines, amides, compounds containing the benzyl, allyl, or propargyl moiety). An analysis of the published data showed that the principles at the basis of a particular cross-dehydrogenative C–O coupling reaction are dictated mainly by the nature of the C-reagent. Hence, in the present review the data are classified according to the structures of C-reagents, and, in the second place, according to the type of oxidative systems. Besides the typical cross-dehydrogenative coupling reactions of CH- and OH-reagents, closely related C–H activation processes involving intermolecular C–O bond formation are discussed: acyloxylation reactions with ArI(O2CR)2 reagents and generation of O-reagents in situ from C-reagents (methylarenes, aldehydes, etc.).
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Umaternate, Ghazaly R., Jemmy Abidjulu, and Audy D. Wuntu. "Uji Metode Olsen dan Bray dalam Menganalisis Kandungan Fosfat Tersedia pada Tanah Sawah di Desa Konarom Barat Kecamatan Dumoga Utara." Jurnal MIPA 3, no. 1 (2014): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.35799/jm.3.1.2014.3898.
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Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk menentukan konsentrasi fosfat tersedia pada tanah sawah dan membandingkan dua metode ekstraksi fosfat, yaitu metode olsen yang menggunakan reagen NaHCO3 dan metode bray yang menggunakan reagen Bray dan Kurtz. Hasil ekstrak direaksikan dengan pereaksi pewarna fosfat bersama deret standar dan diukur absorbansinya menggunakan spektrofotometer pada panjang gelombang 693 nm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak fosfat tersedia dari metode Olsen menunjukkan hasil konsentrasi yang tinggi berturut–turut 422,861; 771,614; 1389,464; 1607,386; 821,591; dan 1139,925 ppm, sedangkan metode Bray menunjukkan hasil yang lebih rendah berturut-turut 16,102; 13,899; 11,307; 7,181; 7,183; dan 9,073 ppm. Reagen NaHCO3 pada sampel menyebabkan pH naik sehingga banyak fosfat yang terlepas, sedangkan reagen Bray dan Kurtz menyebabkan pH turun dan lebih sedikit fosfat yang terlepas. pH sampel yang bersifat asam menyebabkan metode Bray lebih cocok untuk digunakan daripada metode Olsen karena metode Bray spesifik untuk tanah asam, sedangkan metode Olsen dapat digunakan untuk tanah asam dan basa.A study aimed to determine the concentration of phosphate available to the rice field soil and to compare the two methods of phosphate extraction, which are Olsen that uses NaHCO3 reagent and Bray that uses Bray and Kurtz reagents, had been done. The extract was reacted with phosphate coloring reagent and standards and the absorbance was measured using spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 693 nm. The results showed that the extract of phosphate available using Olsen method showed higher value of concentrations which were 422.861; 771.614; 1389.464; 1607.386; 821.591; and 1139.925 ppm. On the other hand, Bray method showed a lower value which were 16.102; 13.899; 11.307; 7.181; 7.183; and 9.073 ppm. NaHCO3 increased the pH and more phosphate was released, while the Bray and Kurtz reagent decreased the pH and less phosphate was released. Due to the lower pH of the sample, Bray method is more suitable for acidic soils rather than Olsen method because of its specificity for acidic soil, while the Olsen method can be used for acidic and alkaline soil.
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Mayer, Andrew P., and Kristy J. Fraley. "The importance of quality critical reagents for the entire developmental lifecycle of a biopharmaceutical: a pharmacokinetic case study." Bioanalysis 13, no. 10 (2021): 817–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/bio-2020-0253.
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Background: High-quality critical reagents are essential to the successful support of biotherapeutic drug development regardless of the analytical platform used for support. The lack of such a reagent, early in the development lifecycle of a biotherapeutic can have detrimental impact on resource and translation of data across development phases. Results: Here, a pharmacokinetic assay case study is shared that illustrates what can occur when there is a lack of a reproducible and sustainable critical reagent early in the development lifecycle of a biotherapeutic. Various assay formats and critical reagents, as well as reagents generation programs, were initiated to find a reagent and assay format which was fit for purpose. Conclusions: Identification of appropriate critical reagents early in the development lifecycle of a biotherapeutic as advantageous.
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Armer, Jane, Diane Giles, Ian Lancaster, and Kathryn Brownbill. "Impact of light exposure on thyroid-stimulating hormone results using the Siemens Advia Centaur TSH-3Ultra assay." Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine 54, no. 5 (2017): 612–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004563216688924.
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Background Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is used as the first-line test of thyroid function. Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics recommend that Siemens Centaur reagents must be protected from light in the assay information and on reagent packaging. We have compared the effect of light exposure on results using Siemens TSH-3Ultra and follicle-stimulating hormone reagents. The thyroid-stimulating hormone reagent includes fluoroscein thiocyanate whereas the follicle-stimulating hormone reagent does not. Methods Three levels of quality controls were analysed using SiemensTSH-3Ultra and follicle-stimulating hormone reagent packs that had been kept protected from light or exposed to light at 6-h intervals for 48 h and then at 96 h. Results Thyroid-stimulating hormone results were significantly lower after exposure of TSH-3Ultra reagent packs to light. Results were >15% lower at all three levels of quality control following 18 h of light exposure and continued to decrease until 96 h. There was no significant difference in follicle-stimulating hormone results whether reagents had been exposed to or protected from light. Conclusions Thyroid-stimulating hormone results but not follicle-stimulating hormone results are lowered after exposure of reagent packs to light. Laboratories must ensure that TSH-3Ultra reagents are not exposed to light and analyse quality control samples on every reagent pack to check that there has not been light exposure prior to delivery. The labelling on TSH-3Ultra reagent packs should reflect the significant effect of light exposure compared with the follicle-stimulating hormone reagent. We propose that the effect of light exposure on binding of fluoroscein thiocyanate to the solid phase antibody causes the falsely low results.
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TAGUCHI, Takeo. "New reagents. IX. Fluorinating reagents. Fluorinating reagent: DAST." Journal of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan 48, no. 11 (1990): 1048–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.48.1048.
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Ningtyas, Karisma Wulan, Zulfikar Zulfikar, and Bambang Piluharto. "Identification of Ibuprofen, Ketoprofen and Diclofenac by Using Test Strip Based on Imobilized Spesific Reagent on Nata De Coco Membrane." Jurnal ILMU DASAR 16, no. 2 (2016): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/jid.v16i2.1520.
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Identification of ibuprofen, ketoprofen and diclofenac can be done by using simple method, it is called test strips. Test strip is made by immobilized specific reagents with entrapment technical on membrane matrix, which the used membrane nata de coco. Immobilization reagents with entrapment techniques aimed to trap reagent molecules in the space between the supporting material.The success of this imobilization can be seen from membran changing color after additional reagent and there is no leeching after additional sample on membrane. The used reagent for this identification is methyl red for ibuprofen and ketorpofen, copper acetate for ibuprofen, potassium iodide for ketorofen and mandelin for diclofenac. From the testing result can be seen that potassium iodide is the most specific reagent compare with the other threee other reagents. By using tes strip arranged with the strip made by this imobilization, test srtrip can be used to differentiate the tree other standard samples. Keywords: entrapment, nata de coco membrane, reagent spesific, test strip.
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Irawan, Maria Gracella, Henky Muljana, Asaf Kleopas Sugih, Usman Oemar, and Jessica Atin. "Sintesis polivinil alkohol tersulfonasi sebagai katalis dalam produksi metil ester: review." Jurnal Rekayasa Proses 16, no. 1 (2022): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jrekpros.70698.
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A B S T R A C TSulfonated polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) can be used as a heterogeneous catalyst in esterification or transesterification reactions during methyl ester production. This catalyst with PVA support has the potential to be used commercially like Amberlyst 46. However, there are several drawbacks in the conventional methods to produce sulfonated PVA compared to Amberlyst 46. In this paper, various processes of sulfonated PVA synthesis will be discussed including the advantages and disadvantages compared to Amberlyst 46. The synthesis of sulfonated PVA catalysts can be carried out using sulfosuccinate acid reagents or other acid reagents that have sulfonic groups that act as the active sites of the catalysts. The use of sulfosuccinate acid as the reagent produces catalysts with better catalytic activity, but the resulting product is not in granule form like Amberlyst 46 and can only be used continuously for seven times. The use of chlorosulfonic acid as the reagent resulted in granular catalysts. However, the catalyst has less catalytic activity and stability, and the reagent has a relatively high environmental impact. For the synthesis performed using sulfuric acid as the reagent, no result regarding catalytic activity has been reported elsewhere. The blending of the catalyst with other polymers resulted in improvements in the thermal stability and mechanical strength of the sulfonated polyvinyl alcohol. After a careful review of the procedures, we propose blending or double cross-linking processes combined with sulfonated PVA synthesis as a promising method to increase the thermal stability and mechanical strength of the catalysts. However, it is necessary to perform further laboratory validations on the catalytic activity of the catalysts produced from the combined method because blending may reduce the acid capacity of the catalyst.Keywords: esterification catalyst, polyvinyl alcohol, sulfonation A B S T R A KPolivinil alkohol (PVA) tersulfonasi dapat digunakan sebagai katalis heterogen dalam reaksi esterifikasi atau transesterifikasi dalam produksi metil ester. Katalis dengan support polivinil alkohol ini berpotensi untuk digunakan secara komersial seperti Amberlyst 46. Akan tetapi, PVA tersulfonasi yang disintesis secara konvensional masih memiliki banyak kekurangan dibandingkan dengan Amberlyst 46. Pada kajian ini akan dibahas mengenai berbagai alternatif proses sintesis PVA tersulfonasi termasuk kelebihan dan kekurangannya jika dibandingkan dengan Amberlyst 46. Sintesis katalis PVA tersulfonasi dapat dilakukan menggunakan reagen asam sulfosuksinat (SSA) maupun reagen asam lainnya yang memiliki gugus sulfonat yang berperan sebagai situs aktif katalis. Penggunaan reagen SSA menghasilkan katalis dengan aktivitas katalitik yang baik namun produk yang dihasilkan tidak berbentuk granula seperti Amberlyst 46 dan hanya dapat digunakan ulang sebanyak tujuh kali. Penggunaan reagen asam klorosulfonat dapat menghasilkan katalis berbentuk granula, namun memiliki aktivitas katalitik dan kestabilan kurang baik, serta reagen yang digunakan cukup berbahaya. Untuk proses sintesis menggunakan reagen asam sulfat belum ada hasil mengenai aktivitas katalitik, tetapi dengan adanya blending dengan polimer lain dapat memperbaiki kestabilan termal dan kekuatan mekanik PVA tersulfonasi yang dihasilkan. Proses blending atau double cross-linking yang digabung dengan sintesis PVA tersulfonasi dapat meningkatkan kestabilan termal dan kekuatan mekanik sehingga metode gabungan ini diyakini sebagai metode yang paling potensial dilakukan untuk menghasilkan PVA tersulfonasi dengan karakteristik terbaik. Meskipun demikian, perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut disertai tahapan pengujian aktivitas katalitik pada katalis yang dihasilkan dari metode gabungan karena kemungkinan proses blending dapat mengurangi kapasitas asam pada katalis.Kata kunci: katalis esterifikasi; polivinil alkohol; sulfonasi
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Jin, Tangtang, Gangze Fu, Lina Ge, and Peizhen Lin. "Analysis of Clinical Stability of Ophthalmic Preparations Combined with Artificial Intelligence Medical Image Technology." Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics 11, no. 1 (2021): 120–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jmihi.2021.3342.
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This study aims to analyze the stability of ophthalmic reagent cyclosporine polypeptide A and provide theoretical basis for future clinical medication. In this study, polyethylene glycol stearate with good physiological tolerance was selected to replace the emulsifier Tween80 in the sell prescription. The sell prescription was set as reagent 1, and the improved reagent was set as reagent 2. The two reagents were placed under high temperature (45 °C and 65 °C) and high light (4600Ix) for 18 days, and the pH and content of the two reagents were detected and recorded by artificial intelligence (AI) medical image segmentation technology based on Gabor wavelet function at 6 days, 12 days, and 18 days. Then, considering the actual storage problem of the reagent, the two reagents were placed in an environment (temperature of about 25 °C, relative humidity of about 60%, and protection from light) for 24 months. The pH and content of the two reagents were detected and recorded by hyperspectral images at 8, 16, and 24 months. The results showed that the pH value and content of the two reagents did not change significantly over time at 45 °C (P > 0.05), and the pH and content of reagent 1 after 6 days at 65 °C were significantly less than the initial pH value (P < 0.05). The pH and content of reagent 2 after 12 days were significantly lower than the initial pH value (P < 0.05). Under strong illumination, the pH value and content of reagent 1 decreased with time, and there were significant differences (P < 0.05). The pH value of reagent 2 showed no significant difference between 0 and 18 days (P > 0.05), and the content was significantly lower than the initial content after 12 days of placement (P < 0.05). The pH value and content of reagent 1 were significantly lower than the initial value after 16 months of storage (P < 0.05). And the pH value and content of reagent 2 were significantly lower than the initial value when stored for 24 months (P < 0.05). It showed that ophthalmic reagent cyclosporine polypeptide A is sensitive to high temperature and high light, and should avoid light and cool down during the transportation in hot season. Therefore, the adoption of polyethylene glycol stearate can effectively improve the stability of ophthalmic reagent cyclosporine polypeptide A, which has a high value in clinical application.
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Rauwerdink, Alissa, Michael Benson, Allison Jayne, Sathyapriya Babu, Jessica St Charles, and Amy Smith. "Adventures in critical reagent lot changes in ligand-binding assays: redevelopment, bridging and additional processing requirements." Bioanalysis 13, no. 10 (2021): 771–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/bio-2020-0216.
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Aim: Critical reagents have significant impact on ligand-binding assay performance. The critical reagents selected during method development should be well-evaluated, as the quality of these reagents will dictate performance of the assay over time. Critical reagents in ligand-binding assays are almost always produced using a biological system, so batch yield, purity and performance tend to vary greatly. Due to the essential nature of critical reagents in the assay, changes in critical reagents can have dramatic impact on the assay and results, so close monitoring of assay performance is required. Methodology & results: We present here three examples of critical reagent lot changes that required creative solutions to maintain assay performance. The first case study is an example of the impact of different lots of analyte within a quantitative assay that resulted in the need to redevelop the assay in a different format. Case study two outlines an assay where a surrogate matrix is the critical reagent in an assay and the difficulties encountered over the course of several years and lot changes. The third case study covers an immunogenicity assay with a commercial detection that did not have sufficient quantity to cover the entire study lifecycle. As a result of the reagent change, a new assay was developed. Discussion & conclusion: A robust plan for critical reagent generation and lifecycle management should be adapted in order to avoid costly delays and rework. The performance of an assay depends on the continuity of the critical reagent supply. Reagents should be carefully selected to include the binding and performance properties required for an assay.
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Hutagalung, I., and Mansyur Arif. "PENENTUAN KADAR LIPOPROTEIN RAPATAN TINGGI (HIGH DENSITY) DENGAN DUA PEREAKSI (REAGEN) BERBEDA MENGGUNAKAN HITACHI 902." INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY 15, no. 2 (2018): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24293/ijcpml.v15i2.941.
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Reagent selection is one of the factors that could influence the quality of laboratory results. The use of open system tools gives thepossibility to choose the best reagents, including the reagent for high density lipoprotein (HDL) determination. The aim of this studywas to compare HDL level determination using two different reagents measured by Hitachi 902. A cross sectional study was done fromJanuary to February 2007 in Ratulangi Medical Centre Laboratory, Makassar. From 47 samples we found that the mean HDL levelusing Daichi reagent was 50.47 mg/dl ranging from 45.99 mg/dl to 54.94 mg/dl and the mean using Roche reagent was 56.23 mg/dlranging from 50.93 mg/dl to 61.53 mg/dl with p = 0.098, and Pearson Correlation was 0.900 with p = 0.000. There was no significantdifference between HDL level measured by Hitachi 902 using Daichi and Roche reagents.
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Riedel, T. E., J. C. Cox, and A. D. Ellington. "Low Temperature Microplate Station." JALA: Journal of the Association for Laboratory Automation 10, no. 1 (2005): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jala.2004.10.002.
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The automation of biological laboratory assays may require lengthy incubations of reagents on the work surface of a pipetting robot. Commercial devices are readily available for keeping these reagents accessible and warm, but there are few existing technologies for storing accessible reagents below the freezing point of water. Here, we introduce a low cost, small footprint, robot accessible reagent cooler, based on compressor technology capable of acting as an enzyme freezer or extreme cold reagent storage device.
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Sun, Huifang, Shasha Yang, Pengfei Li, et al. "Comparative Assessment of APTT Reagents for Evaluating Anticoagulant Sensitivity of Fucosylated Glycosaminoglycans (FGs) Derived from Sea Cucumbers." Marine Drugs 21, no. 11 (2023): 568. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md21110568.
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Fucosylated glycosaminoglycans (FGs) derived from sea cucumbers exhibit potent intrinsic Xase (iXase) inhibition, anticoagulation, and antithrombosis. Plasma activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), a widely used screening test worldwide, is crucial for evaluating anticoagulant efficacy. However, the applicability of these commercially available APTT reagents for assessing anticoagulation of FGs remains unreported. In this study, we investigated the disparity between ellagic acid and colloidal silica APTT reagents in evaluating anticoagulation of dHG-5 and dHLFG-4, two depolymerized FGs, and elucidated the underlying rationale. The results demonstrated that dHG-5 and dHLFG-4 exhibited heightened sensitivity to the ellagic acid APTT reagent both in vitro and in vivo, and did not significantly affect the activation of APTT reagents for plasma. In addition, both ellagic acid and colloidal silica APTT reagents inhibited the anti-iXase of dHG-5 and dHLFG-4, and the inhibition of the ellagic acid APTT reagent was less pronounced compared to the colloidal silica APTT reagent. These findings suggest that the reduced impact of the ellagic acid APTT reagent on the anti-iXase activity of dHG-5 and dHLFG-4 is responsible for the increased sensitivity in plasma APTT analysis. This study offers valuable insights into the characteristics of two APTT reagents applied for assessing the anticoagulant activity of FG-related compounds.
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Li, Pei Yi, Mei Yun Zhang, Xin Xing Xia, and Chun Tao Lin. "Research of Dual Cooking Reagents on Bamboo Pulping." Advanced Materials Research 482-484 (February 2012): 1511–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.482-484.1511.
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Bamboo, as a kind of non-wood raw material, has a long, thin fiber with wide distribution and rich abundance in China. It was studied that cooking reagents on bamboo pulping. AQ ramification and infiltration reagents were used to improve the cooking schedule. The results showed that AQ ramification could strengthen the cooking, but infiltration reagents couldn’t reach the good expect in cooking. When the AQ ramification and infiltration reagents were used together to cook, it could obviously decrease the Kappa number of the pulps and enhance the yield of pulps. Infiltration reagent Busperse 2806 was the best choice in cooking with AQ ramification. When the dosage of AQ ramification 0.05%, Infiltration reagent 0.03%, the yield of pulps increased 1.31%, kappa number decreased 4.0, and the dosage of AQ ramification 0.05%, Infiltration reagent 0.03%, the kappa number decreased 5.5, the screened yield decreased 1.54%.
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Kittinger, Caroline, Jared Delmar, Lisa Hewitt, et al. "Critical reagents for ligand-binding assays: process development methodologies to enable high-quality reagents." Bioanalysis 14, no. 3 (2022): 117–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/bio-2021-0217.
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Development of biotherapeutics require pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) and immunogenicity assays that are frequently in a ligand-binding assay (LBA) format. Conjugated critical reagents for LBAs are generated conjugation of the biotherapeutic drug or anti-drug molecule with a label. Since conjugated critical reagent quality impacts LBA performance, control of the generation process is essential. Our perspective is that process development methodologies should be integrated into critical reagent production to understand the impact of conjugation reactions, purification techniques and formulation conditions on the quality of the reagent. In this article, case studies highlight our approach to developing process conditions for different molecular classes of critical reagents including antibodies and a peptide. This development approach can be applied to the generation of future conjugated critical reagents.
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Emrich, Thomas, Jan Olaf Stracke, Xiaoying Guo, et al. "Increasing robustness, reliability and storage stability of critical reagents by freeze-drying." Bioanalysis 13, no. 10 (2021): 829–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/bio-2020-0299.
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Aim: Stabilization of critical reagents by freeze-drying would facilitate storage and transportation at ambient temperatures, and simultaneously enable constant reagent performance for long-term bioanalytical support throughout drug development. Freeze-drying as a generic process for stable performance and storage of critical reagents was investigated by establishing an universal formulation buffer and lyophilization process. Results: Using a storage-labile model protein, formulation buffers were evaluated to preserve reagent integrity during the freeze-drying process, and to retain functional performance after temperature stress. Application to critical reagents used in pharmacokinetics and anti-drug antibodies assays demonstrated stable functional performance of the reagents after 11 month at +40°C. Conclusion: Stabilization and storage of critical assay reagents by freeze-drying is an attractive alternative to traditional deep freezing.
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Liu, Si Qing, Xiu Juan Li, Min Zhang, and Wan Ping Wang. "Fluorite Flotation of a Fluorite-Bearing Pb-Zn Tailings." Applied Mechanics and Materials 387 (August 2013): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.387.3.
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Beneficiation of a Pb-Zn tailings containing 44.98% CaF2 was conducted by flotation using sodium hexametaphosphate and new reagents S180. Details of reagent consumption, adding reagents at different stages and concentration of flotation pulp were investigated. Through all the investigation, an optimum reagent system and flowsheet were established. Finally, a marketable fluorite concentrate assaying 98.32% CaF2 with the recovery of 95.00% was obtained by one rougher,6 cleaners and 2 scavengers.
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Nikolaeva, Tat'yana Nikolayevna, Petr Vladimirovich Lapshin, and Natal'ya Viktorovna Zagoskina. "METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE TOTAL CONTENT OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS IN PLANT EXTRACTS WITH FOLIN-DENIS REAGENT AND FOLIN-CHOCALTEU REAGENT: MODIFICATION AND COMPARISON." chemistry of plant raw material, no. 2 (June 10, 2021): 291–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2021028250.
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A modification of the method for determining the total content of phenolic compounds in plant tissue extracts with the Folin-Denis reagent and the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent has been carried out, allowing to establish the correspondence of the results obtained when using them. The method using the Folin-Denis reagent is adapted for conducting determinations in microvolumes. For the method using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, the concentration of the latter (0.4 N, a 5-fold dilution of the standard reagent) and the composition of the reaction mixture were selected, using which the optical densities of the reduction products of the Folin-Denis and Folin-Ciocalteu reagents containing polyphenols in ethanol extracts from wheat, buckwheat and calus tissue of tea were almost the same. The absorption spectra of the reduction products of these reagents by gallic acid, rutin, (-)-epicatechin, as well as ethanol extracts from wheat, buckwheat, and tea calus tissue, were located in the same region (680–770 nm) and had similar characteristics. Calibration graphs of the dependence of the optical density of solutions on the concentration of standard substances (gallic acid, (-)-epicatechin, rutin), constructed using the Folin-Denis and Folin-Ciocalteu reagents, had a linear character within the concentration range of 10–100 μg/ml and practically coincided. The results of determining the content of phenolic compounds in ethanol extracts of plants, differing in their ability to accumulate, showed very similar and statistically significant values when using these two reagents.
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Bakro, Aseel, Lachlan Sharp-Bucknall, Tiffany B. Poynder, Jack K. Clegg, David J. D. Wilson, and Jason L. Dutton. "Lewis acid activation of Weiss’ reagents ([PhI(Pyr)2]2+) with boranes and isolation of [PhI(4-DMAP)]2+." Chemical Communications 57, no. 91 (2021): 12163–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cc04725f.
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Kubiak, Robert J., Nancy Lee, Yuan Zhu, et al. "Storage Conditions of Conjugated Reagents Can Impact Results of Immunogenicity Assays." Journal of Immunology Research 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1485615.
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Consistent performance of anti-drug antibody (ADA) assays through all stages of clinical development is critical for the assessment of immunogenicity and interpretation of PK, PD, safety, and efficacy. The electrochemiluminescent assays commonly employed for ADA measurement use drug conjugated with ruthenium and biotin to bind ADA in samples. Here we report an association between high nonspecific ADA responses in certain drug-naïve individuals and the storage buffer of the conjugated reagents used in a monoclonal antibody ADA assay. Ruthenylated reagents stored in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) buffer had increased levels of aggregate and produced variable and high baseline responses in some subjects. Reagents stored in a histidine-sucrose buffer (HSB) had lower aggregate levels and produced low sample responses. In contrast to PBS, conjugated reagents formulated in HSB remained low in aggregate content and in sample response variability after 5 freeze/thaw cycles. A reagent monitoring control (RMC) serum was prepared for the real-time evaluation of conjugated reagent quality. Using appropriate buffers for storage of conjugated reagents together with RMCs capable of monitoring of reagent aggregation status can help ensure consistent, long-term performance of ADA methods.
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Takes, Peter A. "Stability Testing, Shelf Life and Product Expiration Dating." Microscopy Today 6, no. 10 (1998): 20–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500069686.
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Reagents available for laboratory, research, and clinical use are often acquired with a specified expiration date. Yet, many are not, depending on the manufacturer and reagent type. What a manufacturer does is frequency determined by how they label the product.The U.S. Ricd and Drug Administration [FDA] has defined categories by which reagents can he labeled based on their “intended use”. individual reagents (e.g., antibodies) intended for clinical diagnostic laboratory use will be labeled as an in Vitro Diagnostic [IVD] or Analyte Specific Reagent [ASR]. Under these categories, specified expiration dates must be supported by stability testing which establishes the product shelf life.
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Orlovskyi, Vitalii, Volodymyr Biletskyi, and Myroslav Malovanyy. "Research on "Aesculus" Setting Retarder for Grouting Mortars." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 18, no. 4 (2024): 601–14. https://doi.org/10.23939/chcht18.04.601.
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In Ukraine, the number of reagents regulating the properties of tail blends used for cementing deep oil and gas wells has decreased. Therefore, there is a need to expand the range of these reagents produced domestically to replace the known reagent, nitrilotrimethylphosphonic acid, which was produced in russia. The new reagent-retarder for oil-well cement should have a wide temperature range of application, complexity of action, and meet the requirements of environmental safety.
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Fujdala, Kyle L., David W. K. Gracey, Erica F. Wong, and Kim M. Baines. "The addition of organometallic reagents to tetramesityldigermene." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 80, no. 11 (2002): 1387–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v02-128.
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The thermolysis and photolysis of hexamesitylcyclotrigermane in the presence of ethylmagnesium bromide has been investigated. Under photochemical conditions, ethyldimesitylgermane, 1,2-diethyl-1,1,2-trimesityldigermane and ethyl-1,1,2,2-tetramesityldigermane were isolated and, under thermal conditions, 1,2,2-triethyl-1,1-dimesityl digermane and 2,2-diethyl-1,1,1-trimesityldigermane were isolated. The photolysis of hexamesitylcyclotrigermane in the presence of methyllithium has also been investigated. In both cases, the organometallic reagent adds to tetramesityl digermene and dimesitylgermylene formed by photochemical or thermal cleavage of the cyclotrigermane. In the case of the addition of the Grignard reagent, the resulting germyl Grignard reagent undergoes a facile ligand exchange reaction.Key words: digermene, germylene, Grignard reagents, alkyllithium reagents, germylmagnesium compounds, germyllithium compounds.
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Bhadra, Sanchita, Vylan Nguyen, Jose-Angel Torres, et al. "Producing molecular biology reagents without purification." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (2021): e0252507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252507.
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We recently developed ‘cellular’ reagents–lyophilized bacteria overexpressing proteins of interest–that can replace commercial pure enzymes in typical diagnostic and molecular biology reactions. To make cellular reagent technology widely accessible and amenable to local production with minimal instrumentation, we now report a significantly simplified method for preparing cellular reagents that requires only a common bacterial incubator to grow and subsequently dry enzyme-expressing bacteria at 37°C with the aid of inexpensive chemical desiccants. We demonstrate application of such dried cellular reagents in common molecular and synthetic biology processes, such as PCR, qPCR, reverse transcription, isothermal amplification, and Golden Gate DNA assembly, in building easy-to-use testing kits, and in rapid reagent production for meeting extraordinary diagnostic demands such as those being faced in the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Furthermore, we demonstrate feasibility of local production by successfully implementing this minimized procedure and preparing cellular reagents in several countries, including the United Kingdom, Cameroon, and Ghana. Our results demonstrate possibilities for readily scalable local and distributed reagent production, and further instantiate the opportunities available via synthetic biology in general.
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Hays, Bradley D. "The Curious Case of School Prayer: Political Entrepreneurship and the Resilience of Legal Institutions." Politics and Religion 5, no. 2 (2012): 394–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755048312000089.
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AbstractSchool prayer represents a curiosity of Reagan era politics. Reagan and the social conservative movement secured numerous successes in accommodating religious practice and faith in the public sphere. Yet, when it came to restoring voluntary school prayer, conservatives never succeeded in securing the judicial victory that they sought despite conditions that seemingly favored change. Herein, we attempt to reconcile Reagan era successes with Reagan era failures by exploring Reagan's entrepreneurial activity to affect both the demand (i.e., judges) and supply (i.e., litigants) side of legal change. Identifying Reagan's entrepreneurial activities in his attempt to alter national social policy reveals the resilience of legal institutions to presidential and partisan regimes. Reagan's efforts to change national school prayer policy gained some measure of legislative success by securing the Equal Access Act but it failed to garner a change in school prayer jurisprudence. We conclude by noting that the difficulty of influencing both the demand and supply side of legal change in a timely manner and its implication for reconstructing policy through the courts.
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Landry, Marie L., and David Ferguson. "SimulFluor Respiratory Screen for Rapid Detection of Multiple Respiratory Viruses in Clinical Specimens by Immunofluorescence Staining." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 38, no. 2 (2000): 708–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.38.2.708-711.2000.
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A new rapid direct immunofluorescence assay (DFA) respiratory screen reagent for detection of seven common respiratory viruses (respiratory syncytial virus [RSV], influenza A and B viruses, parainfluenza virus types 1 to 3, and adenovirus) was compared with standard single or dual DFA reagents and culture. In total, 1,531 respiratory samples were adequate for testing with both SimulFluor Respiratory Screen (RS) reagent (Chemicon International, Temecula, Calif.) and single or dual DFA reagents. The RS DFA reagent detected 367 (98.4%) and single or dual DFA reagents detected 368 (98.7%) of 373 DFA-positive samples. In addition, the RS DFA reagent was equivalent to or better than culture for detection of all viruses except adenovirus. Only 15 of 799 (1.9%) RS-negative samples inoculated into cell cultures yielded respiratory virus isolates (one RSV, five influenza A virus, two influenza B virus, one parainfluenza virus, and six adenovirus). Sixty-six other virus isolates (13 rhinovirus, 24 cytomegalovirus, 28 herpes simplex virus type 1, and 1 enterovirus) were also recovered in culture. With cytospin preparation of slides, only 7.5% of samples submitted were deemed inadequate for DFA. The availability of a rapid DFA screening reagent for detection of multiple common respiratory viruses within 1 to 2 h of sample collection should be of great benefit in terms of patient management and infection control.
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Sun, Jun Liang, Xin Hong Liang, Song Ling Chen, and Ying Bin Fan. "Effect of Folin Reagent from Different Sources on Protease Determination." Advanced Materials Research 662 (February 2013): 305–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.662.305.
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Folin reagent was one of the most important reagents in protease determination. The differences between Folin reagent from laboratory and Folin reagent sold were studied. The results showed that there was not significant difference between the absorbance of Folin reagent from lab replaced 30d and Folin reagent sold (p<0.05). The RSD of Folin reagent from lab was between 0.3and 1.67, and Folin reagent sold between 0.63 and 1.49. The precision of them was both higher. The maximum absorption wave length of the chromogenic agent of Folin reagent was with 736-755. And there was no significant difference of the value of the same sample protease between both Folin reagent (p<0.05). Folin reagent from lab based on GB/T23527-2009 was perfect.
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SAKURAI, Hideki. "New reagents. V. Reducing reagents. Reducing reagent tris(trimethyl)silane." Journal of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan 48, no. 11 (1990): 1012–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.48.1012.
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SHIMIZU, Makoto, and Hirosuke YOSHIOKA. "New reagents. IX. Fluorinating reagents. Silicon tetrafluoride as monofluorination reagent." Journal of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan 48, no. 11 (1990): 1054–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.48.1054.
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KAJIGAESHI, Shoji, and Takaaki KAKINAMI. "New reagents. X. Reagents for functionalization. Iodinating reagent: Benzyltrimethylammonium dichloroiodate." Journal of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan 48, no. 11 (1990): 1062–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.48.1062.
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YAMAMOTO, Yoshinori, Tadao UYEHARA, and Naoki ASAO. "New reagents. X. Reagents for functionalization. Amination reagent: Diamidecopper lithium." Journal of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan 48, no. 11 (1990): 1066–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.48.1066.
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Ohto, Keisuke, Hiromasa Murashima, Hiroshi Murakami, et al. "New Trident Molecule with Phosphoric Acid Functionality for Trivalent Rare Earth Extraction." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 17, no. 3 (2017): 491. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.26880.
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Tripodal extraction reagent with three phosphoric acid groups, together with the corresponding monopodal molecule has been prepared to investigate some metals extraction behavior, in particular, trivalent rare earth elements (REEs). The tripodal reagent exhibited extremely high selectivity for metals with high valency such as Zr(IV), In(III), Lu(III), and Fe(III). Tripodal reagent also exhibited exceptionally high extraction ability compared with the corresponding monopodal one in the extraction of trivalent rare earths. The result for the stoichiometry of tripodal reagent to heavy rare earths showed the inflection point between Er (2:1 for a ligand with ion) and Tm (1:1). The extraction reactions were determined for all rare earths with both reagents. The extraction equilibrium constants (Kex), the separation factors (β), half pH values (pH1/2), difference half pH values (ΔpH1/2) for extraction of REEs with both reagents are estimated.
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Truchon, Jean-François, and Christopher I. Bayly. "Is There a Single 'Best Pool' of Commercial Reagents to Use in Combinatorial Library Design to Conform to a Desired Product–Property Profile?" Australian Journal of Chemistry 59, no. 12 (2006): 879. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch06139.
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A novel computer algorithm for library design in combinatorial chemistry, GLARE (Global Library Assessment of Reagent), is used to select an optimal subset of reagents in two related libraries according to the Lipinski rule of five applied to the products. The optimized libraries show excellent compliance with the desired profiles although the original huge libraries do not. Then we show, using ten different virtual libraries, that (a) a relatively small fraction of commercially available reagents is of general use in drug/lead-like combinatorial chemistry and (b) that between 10 and 20% of the reagents are not of general use but specific to a library. This demonstrates the utility of using a product-based reagent selection method.
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Bailleul, Els, Bernard Chatelain, Anne Demulder, et al. "Influence of dabigatran and rivaroxaban on routine coagulation assays." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 113, no. 01 (2015): 154–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th14-02-0161.
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SummaryThe Belgian national External Quality Assessment Scheme performed a nationwide survey using lyophilised plasma samples spiked with dabigatran or rivaroxaban to demonstrate to the Belgian clinical laboratories how these drugs affect their routine coagulation assays prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), fibrinogen and antithrombin. Virtually all Belgian laboratories performing routine coagulation testing (189/192) participated in the survey. Both, dabigatran and rivaroxaban significantly prolonged the PT and aPTT in a concentration- and reagent-dependent manner. PT reagents were more influenced by rivaroxaban than by dabigatran and aPTT reagents more influenced by dabigatran than by rivaroxaban. Among PT reagents, Neoplastin R® was the most sensitive to rivaroxaban and Innovin ® and Thromborel S® the least sensitive. Converting PT results to INR only increased the variability between reagents. Among aPTT reagents, Actin FSL® was the least sensitive to dabigatran while the other aPTT reagents showed slightly higher sensitivities. The presence of dabigatran led to falsely reduced fibrinogen concentrations when measured with a low thrombin concentration reagent. The presence of dabigatran caused an overestimation of the antithrombin level when measured with a thrombin-based activity assay and the presence of rivaroxaban an overestimation of the antithrombin level when measured with a FXa-based assay. Instrument-related differences were found for all tested parameters. In conclusion, this paper provides detailed information on the effect of dabigatran and rivaroxaban on routine coagulation assays as performed with a large number of reagent/instrument combinations.
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Sviridov, A. V., V. V. Iurchenko, I. K. Gindulin, and M. S. Roschina. "The use of high-fine modified aluminosilicate adsorbents in the processes of purification of household waste water." Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 83, no. 4 (2022): 274–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2021-4-274-279.
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The article deals with the problem of treatment and purification of domestic waste water. Today, many treatment facilities do not have a reagent treatment system and are limited only by mechanical and biological methods of water treatment. We have considered the possibility of using a new scheme for reagent treatment of domestic wastewater. The existing reagent treatment at treatment facilities does not always cope with the tasks of water treatment. It is not possible to achieve the required values for many indicators: COD, residual phosphate content, residual iron content, etc. The water under study was treated with traditional coagulants (iron chloride and aluminum sulfate) and new highly dispersed modified aluminosilicate adsorbents of the KS brand. Lime and alkali were used as alkalizing reagents. A feature of KS grade reagents is their high coagulation-adsorption activity in relation to the extracted components. This is due to the high activity of modifiers on the surface of the aluminosilicate matrix. In the course of the study, a coagulation-flocculation experiment was carried out. During the purification process, the water was examined for the residual content of various components: pH, phosphates, ammonium nitrogen, chlorides, and iron. Effective dosages have been established for each of the reagents used and the possibility of using reagents for the treatment of domestic wastewater to the required standards has been shown. Traditional reagents have shown insufficient efficiency in wastewater treatment. When using iron chloride and aluminum sulfate, it is not possible to reduce the phosphate content to the required values. For the KS reagent, the effective dose was 40 mg / dm3 with the combined use of lime at a dose of 30 mg/dm3
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Loginova, M. Ye, I. A. Chetvertneva, A. M. Shammazov, E. M. Movsumzade, and N. S. Tivas. "OPTIMIZATION OF CONCENTRATIONS OF DRILLING REAGENTS BASED ON GUMS USING MATHEMATICAL MODELING METHODS." Petroleum Engineering 21, no. 1 (2023): 6–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17122/ngdelo-2023-1-6-14.
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The article is devoted to the use of regression analysis to analyze the use of biopolymer reagents based on gums of various manufacturers — domestic reagent brand KK (Russia), foreign Kem-X (USA) and Rodopol-23R (France).The use of these reagents in the composition of drilling fluids (BR) leads to the fact that BRs exhibit pseudoplasticity properties that are necessary for accident-free passage of multi-meter horizontal intervals and qualitative penetration of productive zones at various fields in Russia, including those in the Volga-Ural region. Equations of dynamic shear stress (DPS) and effective viscosity (EV) were obtained depending on the concentration of the examined gum (biopolymer reagent) and shear rate. The effectiveness of various gums (biopolymer reagents) and comparative analysis of the regression equations of the main parameters of drilling fluids using these reagents were evaluated.
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E, Ranjith Kumar. "The Role of Reagents on Microstructural and Morphological Investagation of Surfactant based Synthesis of CdO Nanorods." NanoNEXT 3, no. 1 (2022): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.54392/nnxt2211.
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Cadmium oxide nanostructures were prepared utilising a noval microwave irradiated wet chemical technique with sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate as the surfactant and two distinct co-reagents (NH3 and NaOH). XRD, and FTIR were used to examine the microstructural properties of synthesised and heat-treated (300°C) CdO nanostructures. As prepared and annealed smaples, the fluctuation of crystallite size and morphology of CdO nanostructures with different co-reagents was investigated. The average crystallite size of the samples was 11.4 to 17.8 nm for the NH3 reagent and 9.7 to 16.8 nm for the NaOH reagent.
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Haulenbeek, Jonathan, and Christopher J. Beaver. "The impact of ligand binding based assays critical reagent characterization and storage." Bioanalysis 13, no. 10 (2021): 797–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/bio-2020-0288.
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Biological critical reagents are the foundation of many bioanalytical methods and often chemically modified or conjugated with various chemical tags. As such, the quality and performance of these methods are inherently tied to the quality and stability of critical reagents. This article will outline recommendations for conjugated critical reagent development and characterization. Examples of the impact of regent quality will be discussed for the two common bioanalytical assays in support of drug development for biotherapeutics. Finally, a brief discussion of conjugated reagent stability and recommendations for storage and testing will be presented.