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Journal articles on the topic 'Real Driving Emission'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 1 June 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Claßen, Johannes, Stefan Pischinger, Sascha Krysmon, et al. "Statistically supported real driving emission calibration: Using cycle generation to provide vehicle-specific and statistically representative test scenarios for Euro 7." International Journal of Engine Research 21, no. 10 (2020): 1783–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087420935221.

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The progression of emission legislation has intensified the efforts of the automotive industry to develop improved exhaust gas after-treatment systems. The requirement to fulfill Euro 6d-TEMP in real-world driving scenarios, the already significant calibration effort for Euro 6d and the Euro 7 emission standards in discussion have significantly increased the work load for calibration engineers and the requirements for testing resources. Many original equipment manufacturers are implementing taskforces in order not to have to discard the planned start of production for their products, and some

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2

Guo, Dong, Jinbao Zhao, Yi Xu, et al. "THE IMPACT OF DRIVING CONDITIONS ON LIGHT-DUTY VEHICLE EMISSIONS IN REAL-WORLD DRIVING." Transport 35, no. 4 (2020): 379–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2020.12168.

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To accurately estimate the effect of driving conditions on vehicle emissions, an on-road light-duty vehicle emission platform was established based on OEM-2100TM, and each second data of mass emission rate corresponding to the driving conditions were obtained through an on-road test. The mass emission rate was closely related to the velocity and acceleration in real-world driving. This study shows that a high velocity and acceleration led to high real-world emissions. The vehicle emissions were the minimum when the velocity ranged from 30 to 50 km/h and the acceleration was less than 0.5 m/s2.

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Engelmann, Danilo, Yan Zimmerli, Jan Czerwinski, and Peter Bonsack. "Real Driving Emissions in Extended Driving Conditions." Energies 14, no. 21 (2021): 7310. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14217310.

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The real driving emission (RDE) testing for certification of vehicles is performed in conditions that are well defined in legislation. For emissions inventories and for research, the influences of some extended driving conditions on emissions are an interesting issue. In the present work, some examples of RDE results from two common passenger cars with gasoline and diesel propulsion are given. The varying driving conditions were “winter/summer”, “mild/aggressive”, and “higher altitude/slop”. The driving conditions: “winter”, “aggressive”, and “higher slope/altitude” generally require more ener

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Merkisz, Jerzy, Jacek Pielecha, and Remigiusz Jasiński. "Remarks about Real Driving Emissions tests for passenger cars." Archives of Transport 39, no. 3 (2016): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/08669546.1225449.

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New test procedures for determining exhaust emission from passenger vehicles will be introduced in 2017. For several years, the European Commission has been developing new procedures, which aim is to perform tests in road conditions. The purpose is to determine the real values of emissions, which are not always reflected by the level of emissions obtained in the laboratory. Proper and accurate procedures for determining emissions in real traffic conditions (RDE – Real Driving Emission) have not yet been approved (as opposed to Heavy Duty Vehicles for which such conditions already exist), but t

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Huang, Junfeng, Jianbing Gao, Yufeng Wang, Ce Yang, and Chaochen Ma. "Real-World Pipe-Out Emissions from Gasoline Direct Injection Passenger Cars." Processes 11, no. 1 (2022): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11010066.

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The analysis of real-world emissions is necessary to reduce the emissions of vehicles during on-road driving. In this paper, the matrix of gasoline direct injection passenger cars is applied to analyze the real-world emissions. The results show that high acceleration and high speed conditions are major conditions for the particulate number emissions, and the particulate number emissions are positively correlated with torque and throttle opening. The catalyst temperature and saturation are important factors that affect nitrogen oxide emission. The nitrogen oxide emissions of low speed and low t

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Song, Jingeun, and Junepyo Cha. "Analysis of Driving Dynamics Considering Driving Resistances in On-Road Driving." Energies 14, no. 12 (2021): 3408. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14123408.

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Internal combustion engine emissions are a serious worldwide problem. To combat this, emission regulations have become stricter with the goal of reducing the proportion of transportation emissions in global air pollution. In addition, the European Commission passed the real driving emissions–light-duty vehicles (RDE-LDV) regulation that evaluates vehicle emissions by driving on real roads. The RDE test is significantly dependent on driving conditions such as traffic or drivers. Thus, the RDE regulation has the means to evaluate driving dynamics such as the vehicle speed per acceleration (v·apo

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Ro, Seungcheon, Junhong Park, Myunghwan Shin, and Jongtae Lee. "Developing On-Road NOx Emission Factors for Euro 6b Light-Duty Diesel Trucks in Korean Driving Conditions." Energies 14, no. 4 (2021): 1041. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14041041.

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This study aimed to develop on-road NOx emission factors for Euro 6b light-duty diesel trucks (LDDTs) in Korea. On-road NOx emissions were measured using portable emissions measurement systems and compared with those measured using the Korean Driving Cycle (KDC), the conventional laboratory test used to develop emission factors. To ensure the representativeness of the LDDTs emission factors, five vehicles of three models were driven along two real driving routes for total traveled mileage of 2280 km. On-road NOx levels were 2.1 to 6.9 times higher on average than those measured using the KDC b

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Luján, José Manuel, Carlos Guardiola, Benjamín Pla, and Varun Pandey. "Impact of driving dynamics in RDE test on NOx emissions dispersion." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 234, no. 6 (2019): 1770–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407019881581.

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EU6D emission regulation intends to bridge the gap between laboratory tests and the real driving conditions by introducing real drive emission testing. It requires the measurement of real drive emission to be an additional type approval test in order to take into account the influence of road profile, ambient conditions and traffic situations. An important amendment has been included in Commission regulation (European Union) 2016/646, limiting the driving dynamics and hence avoiding the biased testing of the vehicle. In this work, a drive cycle generator has been developed to synthesise cycles

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9

Xu, Hualong, Yang Chen, Li Zhang, et al. "Energy Management Strategies for Extended-Range Electric Vehicles with Real Driving Emission Constraints." Applied Sciences 15, no. 1 (2024): 142. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15010142.

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Fuel economy has long been the core control objective in the energy management strategies of extended-range electric vehicles (EREVs), but little research has considered real driving emissions. In this paper, the real driving emissions of an EREV are investigated, and the abnormal pollutant emissions caused by engine start–stop events are clarified. Accordingly, an interpolated-startup-corrected method is proposed to construct real driving emission models. Next, an optimization problem is constituted with real driving emissions as the constraints and fuel consumption as the objective. The opti

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Krysmon, Sascha, Johannes Claßen, Marc Düzgün, and Stefan Pischinger. "Real Driving Emissions—Event Detection for Efficient Emission Calibration." Gases 4, no. 3 (2024): 174–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gases4030010.

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The systematic analysis of measurement data allows a large amount of information to be obtained from existing measurements in a short period of time. Especially in vehicle development, many measurements are performed, and large amounts of data are collected in the process of emission calibration. With the introduction of Real Driving Emissions Tests, the need for targeted analysis for efficient and robust calibration of a vehicle has further increased. With countless possible test scenarios, test-by-test analysis is no longer possible with the current state-of-the-art in calibration, as it tak

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Skobiej, Kinga, and Jacek Pielecha. "Plug-in Hybrid Ecological Category in Real Driving Emissions." Energies 14, no. 8 (2021): 2340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14082340.

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Transportation, as one of the most growing industries, is problematic due to environmental pollution. A solution to reduce the environmental burden is stricter emission standards and homologation tests that correspond to the actual conditions of vehicle use. Another solution is the widespread introduction of hybrid vehicles—especially the plug-in type. Due to exhaust emission tests in RDE (real driving emissions) tests, it is possible to determine the real ecological aspects of these vehicles. The authors of this paper used RDE testing of the exhaust emissions of plug-in hybrid vehicles and on

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Zhang, Yi, Ran Zhou, Shitao Peng, et al. "Development of Vehicle Emission Model Based on Real-Road Test and Driving Conditions in Tianjin, China." Atmosphere 13, no. 4 (2022): 595. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13040595.

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Based on the demand of vehicle emission research and control, this paper presents the development of a portable vehicle measurement system (PEMS) based on SEMTECH-DS and ELPI+, the vehicle emission tests carried out on actual roads, and the data obtained for the establishment and validation of a vehicle emission model. Based on the results of the vehicle emission test, it was found that vehicle driving conditions (speed, acceleration, vehicle specific power (VSP), etc.) had a significant impact on the pollutant emission rate. In addition, local driving cycles were generated and the frequency d

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13

Muhammad, Auwal Sagir, Cheng Wang, and Longbiao Chen. "A Telemetric Framework for Assessing Vehicle Emissions Based on Driving Behavior Using Unsupervised Learning." Vehicles 6, no. 4 (2024): 2170–94. https://doi.org/10.3390/vehicles6040106.

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Urban vehicular emissions, a major contributor to environmental degradation, demand accurate methodologies that reflect real-world driving conditions. This study presents a telemetric data-driven framework for assessing emissions of Carbon Monoxide (CO), Hydrocarbons (HCs), and Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) in real-world scenarios. By utilizing Vehicle Specific Power (VSP) calculations, Gaussian Mixture Models (GMMs), and Ensemble Isolation Forests (EIFs), the framework identifies high-risk driving behaviors and maps high-emission zones. Achieving a Silhouette Score of 0.72 for clustering and a precis

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14

Feinauer, Mario, Simone Ehrenberger, Fabius Epple, Tobias Schripp, and Tobias Grein. "Investigating Particulate and Nitrogen Oxides Emissions of a Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle for a Real-World Driving Scenario." Applied Sciences 12, no. 3 (2022): 1404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12031404.

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Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) show a high pollutant emission variability that strongly depends on the operating conditions of the internal combustion engine. Additionally, studies indicate that driving situations outside of the real driving emissions boundary conditions can lead to substantial pollutant emission increases. The objective of this study is to measure and analyze the particulate number (PN) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions of a Euro 6 PHEV for a selected real-world driving test route in the Stuttgart metropolitan area. For this purpose, the vehicle is set out with mu

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15

Lee, Jonghak, Sangil Kwon, Hyungjun Kim, Jihoon Keel, Taekwan Yoon, and Jongtae Lee. "Machine Learning Applied to the NOx Prediction of Diesel Vehicle under Real Driving Cycle." Applied Sciences 11, no. 9 (2021): 3758. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11093758.

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Euro 6 standards impose stringent nitrogen oxide (NOx) emission limits on diesel cars. NOx emissions are significantly different between Euro 6 diesel cars and the previous standards in real-world driving. In this research, the NOx concentrations of Euro 6 diesel engines during real-world driving were studied considering various factors. Real driving emission (RDE) tests were conducted using vehicles equipped with portable emissions measurement systems. Urban, rural, and motorway test routes were utilized. Road environment, atmospheric, and after-treatment performance factors were collected in

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16

Dou, Yantao, Yong Li, and Jian Ling. "Research on real-driving emissions of heavy tractor under different loads." E3S Web of Conferences 268 (2021): 01041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126801041.

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The actual road diesel emissions of heavy-duty vehicle is very high, which has been a concern around the world. In 2018, Chinese government promulgated the "China VI" regulations containing real-driving emission test requirements and limits, requiring vehicle manufacturers to effectively control vehicle emissions to meet the requirements of China VI. This article takes a heavy-duty tractor equipped with a "China VI" engine as the research object, and performs actual road emission tests after loading 10%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% respectively. The results show that NOx emissions are higher at lo

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17

Lien, Nguyen Thi Yen, and Nghiem Trung Dung. "THE DETERMINATION OF DRIVING CHARACTERISTICS OF HANOI BUS SYSTEM AND THEIR IMPACTS ON THE EMISSION." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 55, no. 1 (2017): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0866-708x/55/1/8398.

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A GPS with the update rate of 1 Hz was used to collect the real–world driving data of the five bus routes of Hanoi, namely No. 9, 18, 25, 32 and 33, on weekdays and weekends. GPS data were processed and used to simulate the emission by IVE model. The driving characteristics of Hanoi bus system and their impacts on the emission were determined. Results obtained shown that the real –world driving characteristics are different from area to area and affect the emissions of vehicles. This paper, therefore, reconfirms the necessarity of the development of the typical driving cycle before conducting

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18

Clenci, A., V. Sălan, R. Niculescu, V. Iorga-Simăn, and C. Zaharia. "Assessment of real driving emissions via portable emission measurement system." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 252 (October 2017): 012084. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/252/1/012084.

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19

Nguyen Thi Yen, Lien, and Yen Than Thi Hai. "Estimating the greenhouse gas emission factor of motorcycles under real-world driving conditions in Hanoi: a case study." Transport and Communications Science Journal 74, no. 7 (2023): 764–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.47869/tcsj.74.7.1.

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The lack of country-specific greenhouse gas (GHG) emission factors vehicles in Vietnam makes the emissions inventory in the transport sector more difficult. This study developed the country-specific GHG emission factor in terms of CO2 equivalent for motorcycles (MCs) in Hanoi to overcome the above impediment. The real-world driving data, instantaneous speed versus time, were collected on the 30 road routes in Hanoi using a GPS device. A filtering process of nine-step was designed to repair misleading speed values and denoise signals before entering the International Vehicle Emissions (IVE) mod

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20

Zhang, Xiao. "A Two-Step Based Approach to Evaluate Driving Cycles for Carbon Dioxide Emission Estimation." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 2293–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.2293.

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The paper proposes a two-step evaluation process to assess the developed driving cycles for carbon dioxide emissions. The first step is to compare the driving operating mode distributions from developed driving cycles with real world ones. The second step is to predict the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by using the developed driving cycles under the latest version of MOVES, MOVES2010 framework, which are then compared with and evaluated by the real-world CO2 emissions. Evaluation results show that the driving cycles developed by the driving operating mode distribution measure result in more a

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21

Andrych-Zalewska, Monika. "Analysis of exhaust emission processes during the Real Driving Emissions test." Archives of Transport 66, no. 2 (2023): 123–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.6085.

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The article deals with the study of exhaust emissions from a combustion engine in the Real Driving Emission (RDE) test. These tests are a simulation of real conditions of use of motor vehicles. Nowadays, RDE tests are mandatory for Light Duty Vehicle (LDV) and Heavy Duty Vehicle (HDV) vehicles and in the future, restrictive standard. Euro 7, which combines stricter limits with a comprehensive RDE test cycle, is becoming a challenge for current vehicle engineering. The paper presents the results of pollutant emission tests from a passenger car (PC). In the tests of LDV in the RDE test, the resu

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Spoof-Tuomi, Kirsi, Hans Arvidsson, Olav Nilsson, and Seppo Niemi. "Real-Driving Emissions of an Aging Biogas-Fueled City Bus." Clean Technologies 4, no. 4 (2022): 954–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cleantechnol4040059.

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Transition to low emission transportation and cleaner cities requires a broad introduction of low- and zero-carbon alternatives to conventional petrol- and diesel-powered vehicles. New-generation gas buses are a cost-effective way to reduce local air pollutants from urban transportation. Moreover, major greenhouse gas (GHG) savings may be achieved using biogas as the power source. The main objective of this research was to investigate CH4 and other gaseous emissions of a biogas-fueled urban bus equipped with a three-way catalyst (TWC) in real-world conditions. The study focused on emissions fr

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Hata, Hiroo, Kazuo Kokuryo, Takehiko Ogata, et al. "Real-world measurement and mechanical-analysis-based verification of NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from an in-use heavy-duty vehicle." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 14, no. 3 (2021): 2115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-2115-2021.

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Abstract. A portable emission measurement system (PEMS) was used to measure the real-world driving emissions pertaining to a Japanese middle-sized heavy-duty vehicle. The testing was performed with the vehicle being driven in the metropolitan area of Tokyo in four seasons (January, June, August, and November) to analyze the seasonal dependence of NOx and CO2 emissions. The experimental results indicated that the amount of NOx emissions was particularly high in the cold season owing to the slow starting of the NOx after-treatment systems, which is to say the exhaust gas recirculation and urea-s

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Wang, Jiguang, Li Wang, Jiaqiang Li, et al. "RDE & dynamometer analysis of light-duty vehicle emissions across altitudes, temperatures, and driving styles." PLOS ONE 20, no. 3 (2025): e0318298. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0318298.

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This study aimed to investigate the impact of altitude, cold start, ambient temperatures, and driving behaviors on the Real Driving Emissions (RDE) of China VI standard light-duty gasoline vehicles. Tests were conducted on actual roads and in vehicle emission environment simulation laboratories at altitudes of 700 m, 1,300 m, 1,900 m, and 2,400 m in Yunnan. The results showed that: (1) as altitude increased, the CO emission factor exhibited a positive correlation trend, peaking at 2400 m with a 2.56-fold increase compared to 700 m. The NOX emission factor displayed an “N” distribution, with ag

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Schläfle, Stefan, Meng Zhang, Hans-Joachim Unrau, and Frank Gauterin. "Influence of Vertical Load, Inflation Pressure, and Driving Speed on the Emission of Tire–Road Particulate Matter and its Size Distribution." Atmosphere 15, no. 4 (2024): 502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos15040502.

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As fleet electrification progresses, vehicles are continuously becoming heavier, while the used electric motors, with their high torques, enable longitudinal dynamics to be maintained or even increased. This raises the question of what effect electric vehicles have on the emission of tire–road particulate matter (PM). To answer this question, investigations were carried out in this study on a tire internal drum test bench with real road surfaces. In addition to the vertical load, the tire inflation pressure and the driving speed were varied. PM emissions were recorded in real time, resulting i

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Ko, Sangchul, Junhong Park, Hyungjun Kim, et al. "NOx Emissions from Euro 5 and Euro 6 Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles under Real Driving Conditions." Energies 13, no. 1 (2020): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13010218.

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Despite the strengthening of vehicle emissions standards and test methods, nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions from on-road mobile sources are not being notably reduced. The introduction of real driving emission (RDE) regulations is expected to reduce the discrepancy between emission regulations and actual air pollution. To analyze the effects of RDE regulations on heavy-duty diesel vehicles, pollutants emitted while driving were measured using a portable emission measurement system (PEMS) for Euro 5 and Euro 6 vehicles, which were produced before and after RDE regulations, respectively. NOx emissi

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Lee, SoDuk, Carl R. Fulper, Daniel Cullen, et al. "On-Road Portable Emission Measurement Systems Test Data Analysis and Light-Duty Vehicle In-Use Emissions Development." SAE International Journal of Electrified Vehicles 9, no. 2 (2020): 111–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/14-09-02-0007.

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Portable emission measurement systems (PEMS) [1] are used by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to measure gaseous and particulate matter mass emissions from vehicles in normal, in-use, on-the-road, and “real-world” operations to support many of its programs. These programs include vehicle modeling, emissions compliance, regulatory development, emissions inventory development, and investigations of the effects of real, in-use driving conditions on NOx, CO2, and other regulated pollutants. This article discusses EPA’s analytical methodology for evaluating light-duty vehicle energy and

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Gebisa, Amanuel, Girma Gebresenbet, Rajendiran Gopal, and Ramesh Babu Nallamothu. "Driving Cycles for Estimating Vehicle Emission Levels and Energy Consumption." Future Transportation 1, no. 3 (2021): 615–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/futuretransp1030033.

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Standard driving cycles (DCs) and real driving emissions (RDE) legislation developed by the European Commission contains significant gaps with regard to quantifying local area vehicle emission levels and fuel consumption (FC). The aim of this paper was to review local DCs for estimating emission levels and FC under laboratory and real-world conditions. This review article has three sections. First, the detailed steps and methodologies applied during the development of these DCs are examined to highlight weaknesses. Next, a comparison is presented of various recent local DCs using the Worldwide

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Xue, Jin Lin. "Analysis of Driving Cycles for Emission Test of Light-Duty Vehicles in China." Advanced Materials Research 616-618 (December 2012): 1154–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.616-618.1154.

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The driving cycles employed to measure the emissions from automotive vehicles should adequately represent the real-world driving pattern of the vehicle to provide the most realistic estimation of emissions levels. The driving cycles used for light-duty gasoline engine vehicles in China were reviewed in this paper firstly. Then the impact of various factors, such as driving behaviors, driving conditions, road conditions, traffic conditions, on real-world emission levels were analyzed. Finally, the shortages of the existing driving cycles were pointed out. It can be concluded that the emissions

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ANDRYCH-ZALEWSKA, Monika, Zdzisław CHŁOPEK, Jerzy MERKISZ, and Jacek PIELECHA. "Evaluation of the test drive cycle conditions impact on exhaust emissions from an internal combustion engine." Combustion Engines 175, no. 4 (2018): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-2018-401.

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Test results of exhaust emission sensitivity to engine operating conditions from a vehicle with a compression ignition engine have been analyzed. These results were determined in driving tests: NEDC (New European Driving Cycle), RDE (Real Driving Emissions) and Malta, an original drive cycle developed at Poznan University of Technology. The tests in the NEDC and Malta cycles were carried out on the engine dynamometer in driving tests simulation conditions, while the RDE test was carried out in the real conditions of passenger car traffic. The mean exhaust emission test results of carbon monoxi

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GOYAL, Yuvraj, Sanu MEENA, Suresh Kumar SINGH, and Mukul KULSHRESTHA. "REAL-TIME EMISSIONS OF GASEOUS POLLUTANTS FROM VEHICLES UNDER HETEROGENEOUS TRAFFIC CONDITIONS." Scientific Journal of Silesian University of Technology. Series Transport 118 (March 1, 2023): 55–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.20858/sjsutst.2023.118.5.

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Air quality problems in cities are often a cause for worry. The air quality index is increasing daily, leading to an increase in cancer and many respiratory problems. Road transport in an urban area is a significant cause of air pollution. The vehicles must meet Indian emission regulations for which the emissions are measured using legally mandated standard driving cycles that did not accurately reflect real-world driving emissions because of varying traffic conditions, meteorological conditions, driving behaviour, vehicle power, performance, etc. This study focuses on real-time emissions of g

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Rivera-Campoverde, Néstor Diego, José Luis Muñoz-Sanz, and Blanca del Valle Arenas-Ramirez. "Estimation of Pollutant Emissions in Real Driving Conditions Based on Data from OBD and Machine Learning." Sensors 21, no. 19 (2021): 6344. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21196344.

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This article proposes a methodology for the estimation of emissions in real driving conditions, based on board diagnostics data and machine learning, since it has been detected that there are no models for estimating pollutants without large measurement campaigns. For this purpose, driving data are obtained by means of a data logger and emissions through a portable emissions measurement system in a real driving emissions test. The data obtained are used to train artificial neural networks that estimate emissions, having previously estimated the relative importance of variables through random f

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Keramydas, Christos, Leonidas Ntziachristos, Christos Tziourtzioumis, et al. "Characterization of Real-World Pollutant Emissions and Fuel Consumption of Heavy-Duty Diesel Trucks with Latest Emissions Control." Atmosphere 10, no. 9 (2019): 535. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10090535.

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Heavy-duty diesel trucks (HDDTs) comprise a key source of road transport emissions and energy consumption worldwide mainly due to the growth of road freight traffic during the last two decades. Addressing their air pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions is therefore required, while accurate emission factors are needed to logistically optimize their operation. This study characterizes real-world emissions and fuel consumption (FC) of HDDTs and investigates the factors that affect their performance. Twenty-two diesel-fueled, Euro IV to Euro VI, HDDTs of six different manufacturers were measured

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Mei, Hui, Lulu Wang, Menglei Wang, et al. "Characterization of Exhaust CO, HC and NOx Emissions from Light-Duty Vehicles under Real Driving Conditions." Atmosphere 12, no. 9 (2021): 1125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12091125.

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On-road exhaust emissions from light-duty vehicles are greatly influenced by driving conditions. In this study, two light-duty passenger cars (LDPCs) and three light-duty diesel trucks (LDDTs) were tested to investigate the on-road emission factors (EFs) with a portable emission measurement system. Emission characteristics of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emitted from vehicles at different speeds, accelerations and vehicle specific power (VSP) were analyzed. The results demonstrated that road conditions have significant impacts on regulated gaseous emissions

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CZERWINSKI, Jan, Yan ZIMMERLI, Andreas HÜSSY, et al. "Testing and evaluating real driving emissions with PEMS." Combustion Engines 174, no. 3 (2018): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-2018-302.

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Testing of real driving emissions (RDE) with portable emission measuring system (PEMS) in an appropriate road circuit became an obligatory element of new type approval of passenger cars since September 2017. In several projects the Laboratory for Exhaust Emissions Control (AFHB) of the Berne University of Applied Sciences (BFH) performed comparisons on passenger cars with different PEMS’s on chassis dynamometer and on road, considering the quality and the correlations of results. Particle number measuring systems (PN PEMS) were also included in the tests. The present paper informs about influe

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Qian, Fang, and Tie Zhu Li. "Emission Characteristics of CNG/Gasoline Dual-Fuel Taxi." Applied Mechanics and Materials 505-506 (January 2014): 365–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.505-506.365.

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To investigate the real emission level of compressed natural gas (CNG)/gasoline dual-fuel taxis, Portable emission measurement system (PEMS) testing techniques was applied to measure instantaneous CO2, CO, NOx and HC emissions. Comparison between CNG and gasoline was set up to analyze the influence of speed and driving modes on the gas pollutants emissions under the real-world operating conditions. Results show that the average speed of the tested taxis is 27.75 km/h and the speed has a relationship with emission level. Taxi fueled with CNG emit less CO2 and CO but more NOx and HC than taxi fu

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Samuel, S., D. Morrey, M. Fowkes, D. H. C. Taylor, C. P. Garner, and L. Austin. "Real-world performance of catalytic converters." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 219, no. 7 (2005): 881–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440705x28349.

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This paper investigates experimentally the performance of a three-way catalytic (TWC) converter for real-world passenger car driving in the United Kingdom. A systematic approach is followed for the analysis using a Euro-IV vehicle coupled with a TWC converter. The analysis shows that the real-world performance of TWC converters is significantly different from the performance established on legislative test cycles. It is identified that a light-duty passenger vehicle certified for Euro-IV emissions reaches the gross polluting threshold limits during real-world driving conditions. This result is

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Merkisz, Jerzy, and Jacek Pielecha. "Selected remarks about RDE test." Combustion Engines 166, no. 3 (2016): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-2016-340.

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New test procedures for determining exhaust emission from passenger vehicles will be introduced in 2017. For several years, the European Commission has been developing new procedures, which aim is to perform tests in road conditions. The purpose is to determine the real values of emissions, which are not always reflected by the level of emissions obtained in the laboratory. Proper and accurate procedures for determining emissions in real traffic conditions (RDE – Real Driving Emission) have not yet been approved (as opposed to Heavy Duty Vehicles for which such conditions already exist), but t

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Bodisco, Timothy, and Ali Zare. "Practicalities and Driving Dynamics of a Real Driving Emissions (RDE) Euro 6 Regulation Homologation Test." Energies 12, no. 12 (2019): 2306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12122306.

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One of the most important sources of air pollution, especially in urban areas, is the exhaust emissions from passenger cars. New European emissions regulations, to minimize the gap between manufacturer-reported emissions and those emitted on the road, require new vehicles to undergo emission testing on public roads during the certification process. Outlined in the new regulation are specific boundary conditions to which the route on which the vehicle is driven must comply during a legal test. These boundary conditions, as they relate to the design and subsequent driving of a compliant route, a

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Ozener, Orkun, and Muammer Ozkan. "Assesment of real driving emissions of a bus operating on a dedicated route." Thermal Science 24, no. 1 Part A (2020): 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci180921349o.

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The reducing of real driving emissions from public transportation which is using intracity lines has become more important in recent years. This is because the petroleum derived fuel combustion products contributes the global warming as well as adversely the air quality. The fuel consumption perspective is another major economical concern for operating companies that should be optimized. In this context a part of Istanbul Metrobus public transportation system of which is using fully a dedicated line is assessed via on board emission and fuel metering devices for two loading conditions. The rel

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Yan, Feng, Haiguang Zhao, and Zhengjun Yang. "Research on RDE performance for in-use vehicles especially at high altitude conditions in China." E3S Web of Conferences 360 (2022): 01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202236001004.

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The real driving emissions (RDE) of an in-use gasoline an in use diesel light-duty (LD) vehicle , both are SUV type, are studied based on portable emission measurement system (PEMS). The gasoline vehicle complying with emission standard of China 6 with a mileage of about 50000 km, and the diesel vehicle in this study is complying with emission standard of China 5 with a mileage of about 130000 km for there are hardly any China 6 diesel vehicles in-use in major city. Special attentions are paid on their emission behaviors at high altitude conditions (1300 to 3000 m above sea level). It is obser

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Gu, Haoming, Shenghua Liu, Yanju Wei, Xibin Liu, Xiaodong Zhu, and Zheyang Li. "Effects of Polyoxymethylene Dimethyl Ethers Addition in Diesel on Real Driving Emission and Fuel Consumption Characteristics of a CHINA VI Heavy-Duty Vehicle." Energies 15, no. 7 (2022): 2379. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15072379.

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Polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers (PODE), as the most potential oxygenated alternative fuel for diesel engines, is widely investigated. Considering the importance of research on real driving emissions (RDE) and the few studies focus on the emission characteristics of the PODE/diesel blended fuels under real driving conditions, a portable emission measurement system (PEMS) was applied to measure the RDE of a heavy-duty tractor fueled with diesel or PODE/diesel blends. The tests were carried out in accordance with the relevant regulations of the CHINA VI emission standards. The second-by-second d

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Schläfle, Stefan, Hans-Joachim Unrau, and Frank Gauterin. "Influence of Longitudinal and Lateral Forces on the Emission of Tire–Road Particulate Matter and Its Size Distribution." Atmosphere 14, no. 12 (2023): 1780. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos14121780.

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The objective of this study was to experimentally determine the mathematical correlations between the loading of the tire, being longitudinal and lateral forces, and the emission of particulate matter (PM) from the tire–road contact. Existing emission factors (EF, emission per vehicle and distance traveled) are the result of long-term measurements, which means that no conclusion can be drawn about the exact driving condition. To determine meaningful emission factors, extensive driving tests were conducted on an internal drum test bench while measuring PM emissions from the tire–road contact in

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Zhao, Haiguang, Laihua Shi, Xiaoliu Xu, et al. "Impact of Shortening Real Driving Emission (RDE) Test Trips on CO, NOX, and PN10 Emissions from Different Vehicles." Sustainability 16, no. 21 (2024): 9453. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16219453.

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The real driving emission (RDE) test is the test for vehicle type approval in the China VI emission standard and is one of the most important indicators for assessing the environmental performance of vehicles. To investigate the feasibility of shortening the RDE test trip, we measured emissions of CO, NOX, and PN10 (i.e., the number of particles above 10 nm in diameter) from gasoline, diesel, and hybrid electric vehicles based on portable emission measurement systems (PEMSs) and analyzed the influence of shortening test trips on pollutant emissions. The results indicated that the CO and PN10 e

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Kusalaphirom, Triluck, Thaned Satiennam, Wichuda Satiennam, and Atthapol Seedam. "Development of a Real-World Eco-Driving Cycle for Motorcycles." Sustainability 14, no. 10 (2022): 6176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14106176.

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Climate change is a major issue all around the world. The transportation industry currently accounts for most CO2 emissions. The goal of this research is to develop a real-world eco-driving cycle for internal combustion engine motorcycles that can reduce fuel consumption and CO2 emissions. This study developed onboard measuring equipment to measure the speed profile and fuel consumption of a motorcycle driving in real time. A total of 78 motorcycle riders rode a test motorcycle with the onboard equipment along a road network to collect real-world data. All of the collected real-world data were

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RYMANIAK, Łukasz, Paweł DASZKIEWICZ, Jerzy MERKISZ, and Michalina KAMIŃSKA. "Methods of evaluating the exhaust emissions from driving vehicles." Combustion Engines 179, no. 4 (2019): 286–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-2019-448.

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The type approval tests of vehicles with internal combustion engines increasingly include issues regarding the assessment of ecological indicators in real traffic conditions. This is done with the help of specialized equipment from the PEMS (Portable Emissions Measurement Systems) group. This requires not only a series of test procedures, but also assembly of technically advanced equipment along with the proper preparation of the vehicles exhaust system. Currently, activities are being carried out to develop solutions for non-invasive assessment of ecological indicators from moving vehicles. T

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Rosero Obando, Fredy, Xavier Rosero, and Zamir Mera. "Developing Fuel Efficiency and CO2 Emission Maps of a Vehicle Engine Based on the On-Board Diagnostic (OBD) Approach." Enfoque UTE 15, no. 1 (2024): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.29019/enfoqueute.1002.

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A vehicle interacts with the road, other vehicles, and traffic control devices in real traffic conditions. The level of traffic influences driving patterns and, consequently, this can affect the vehicle´s fuel efficiency and emissions. This study aims to develop engine maps of fuel consumption and CO2 emissions for a light vehicle operating under real traffic conditions. A representative passenger vehicle of the Ecuadorian vehicle fleet, powered by gasoline, was selected for the experimental campaign that was developed on a test route designed according to real driving emission (RDE) regulatio

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He, Weinan, Lei Duan, Zhuoyuan Zhang, Xu Zhao, and Ying Cheng. "Analysis of the Characteristics of Real-World Emission Factors and VSP Distributions—A Case Study in Beijing." Sustainability 14, no. 18 (2022): 11512. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141811512.

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Vehicle emissions intensity at a given travel speed is well known among the public since travel speed is the key parameter in both the traffic model and the emission model. Yet, several problems still remain in traditional approaches of measuring the emission intensity. To establish accurate and high-resolution emission factors, an established method of emission factors is proposed based on the real-time monitoring operation conditions data, which can reflect the effect of dynamic traffic changes on emissions. The speed-specific vehicle-specific power (VSP) distributions of different months, a

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Claßen, Johannes, Sascha Krysmon, Frank Dorscheidt, Stefan Sterlepper, and Stefan Pischinger. "Real Driving Emission Calibration—Review of Current Validation Methods against the Background of Future Emission Legislation." Applied Sciences 11, no. 12 (2021): 5429. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11125429.

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Reducing air pollution caused by emissions from road traffic, especially in urban areas, is an important goal of legislators and the automotive industry. The introduction of so-called “Real Driving Emission” (RDE) tests for the homologation of vehicles with internal combustion engines according to the EU6d legislation was a fundamental milestone for vehicle and powertrain development. Due to the introduction of non-reproducible on-road emission tests with “Portable Emission Measurement Systems” (PEMS) in addition to the standardized emission tests on chassis dynamometers, emission aftertreatme

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Ozener, Orkun. "Real driving emissions and fuel consumption characteristics of Istanbul public transportation." Thermal Science 21, no. 1 Part B (2017): 665–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci161112308o.

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Public transportation, which uses intra city lines frequently, has vital importance on the cities air pollution. The fossil fuel based drive units, which emits pollutants, are the primary source of this interest. Also, the fuel consumption is another major concern because of economic aspects. For an efficient and clear transportation, the pollutants and fuel consumption has to be analyzed, considering the operating conditions. In this context, the Metrobus line of Istanbul city which crosses from European side to Asian side of the city was analyzed with portable emission measurement system and

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