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1

Chen, Hsuan-Chi, Keng-Yu Ho, Chiuling Lu, and Cheng-Huan Wu. "Real Estate Investment Trusts." Journal of Portfolio Management 31, no. 5 (September 30, 2005): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3905/jpm.2005.593887.

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2

Peng Liu. "Real Estate Investment Trusts." Cornell Hospitality Quarterly 51, no. 3 (May 26, 2010): 415–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1938965510370732.

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3

Rojo-Alvarez-Manzaneda, Rafael, and María Del Carmen García-Garnica. "Real Estate Investment Trusts (SOCIMIs)." European Company Law 8, Issue 4 (August 1, 2011): 145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eucl2011026.

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In order to promote investment in urban real estate and the rental market in Spain the Spanish legislature has introduced the legal form of publicly traded Real Estate Investment Trusts. As an alternative to the traditional Collective Investment Institutions these REITs have the objective to enable Spain to overcome the effects of the current financial crisis.
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4

Leković, Miljan, Drago Cvijanović, and Milena Jakšić. "Farmland real estate investment trusts." Ekonomika poljoprivrede 65, no. 2 (2018): 745–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ekopolj1802745l.

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5

Arora, Rohit. "Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs): Development in India." Indian Journal of Applied Research 1, no. 10 (October 1, 2011): 102–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/jul2012/33.

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6

Giliberto, Michael. "Equity Real Estate Investment Trusts and Real Estate Returns." Journal of Real Estate Research 5, no. 2 (January 1, 1990): 259–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10835547.1990.12090615.

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7

Amalia, Andi Athifah, and Andi Achruh Pasinringi. "Trust Fund: REITs Dan Perkembangan I-REITs Di Indonesia." Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam 9, no. 2 (July 19, 2023): 2907. http://dx.doi.org/10.29040/jiei.v9i2.8558.

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Salah satu dana perwalian yang digunakan untuk sekuritisasi properti konvensional adalah Real Estate Investment Trust. Pelaku pasar juga terpengaruh untuk berinvestasi pada aset properti syariah atau Islamic Real Estate Investment Trusts dengan munculnya Islamic Financial Institutions (IFI) berupa perbankan syariah dan pasar modal syariah di Indonesia. Studi ini menggunakan tinjauan literatur untuk mempelajari perbedaan antara Islamic Real Estate Investment Trust syariah dan konvensional, prinsip syariah dari Islamic Real Estate Investment Trust syariah, dan pertumbuhan real estate investment trust syariah di Indonesia. Untuk mengetahui mengenai perbedaan antara REITs konvensional dan Syariah, perkembangan I-REITs di Indonesia, dan prinsip syariah yang digunakan pada I-REITs. Hasil dari penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa perkembangan Islamic Real Estate Investment Trust di Indonesia masih mengalami keterlambatan dibandingkan dengan dengan Negara lain meskipun kerangka regulasi mengenai Islamic Real Estate Investment Trust di Indonesia telah ada. Sehingga diperlukan adanya upaya lebih lanjut dari pemerintah dan para praktisi literature untuk mendorong perkembangan Islamic Real Estate Investment Trust di Indonesia.
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8

Adilieme, Chibuikem, and Obinna Umeh. "Sensitivity of Real Estate Investment Return to Market Return Index: The Case of Nigerian Real Estate Investment Trusts." Baltic Journal of Real Estate Economics and Construction Management 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 197–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bjreecm-2020-0014.

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Abstract The level of sensitivity of every investment option to a market index is crucial to investors. Sensitivity analysis of individual or a set of returns on investments to market return index predicts the reaction of the investment(s) to changes in the market index; informs investors of prospective performance of different investments types; as well as assists the investors in making appropriate decisions on investment selections. This paper assessed how sensitive indirect real estate investments in Nigeria were to market index. The three companies whose asset returns were considered in this study were real estate investment trusts listed in the Nigerian Stock Exchange. The data used in this study were sourced from annual reports of the listed companies, and reports of the Nigerian Stock Exchange. The beta coefficients were used to determine the sensitivity of the selected stocks to market return index. The study found a very low and insignificant beta coefficient among various real estate investments and market return index. Hence, there is no relationship between the market return index and the returns on the Real Estate Investment Trusts listed in the Nigerian Stock Exchange.
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9

Arumi, Christina, and Jonathan Ivinson. "Europe Debates Real Estate Investment Trusts." Intertax 33, Issue 6/7 (June 1, 2005): 297–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/taxi2005050.

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10

Jackson, Leonard A. "An application of the Fama–French three-factor model to lodging REITs: A 20-year analysis." Tourism and Hospitality Research 20, no. 1 (September 12, 2018): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1467358418798141.

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This study applied the Fama–French three-factor model to model the returns of 33 US publicly traded lodging real estate investment trusts over a 20-year period. Results indicated that lodging real estate investment trusts that were significantly correlated with all the three factors had the greatest number of years in the market and the highest mean market capitalization, while those that were not significantly correlated with any of the three factors existed in the market for shorter periods and had the lowest mean market capitalization. Findings also indicated that the higher the market capitalization of real estate investment trusts, the more exposure they faced in the market. Results also suggest that the longer lodging real estate investment trusts existed in the marketplace, the greater their exposure to market risk. Overall, empirical results of this research are reasonably consistent with the Fama–French three-factor model as there is evidence of market, size, and book-to-value factors in the lodging real estate investment trusts market.
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11

Lee, Ming-Long, Ming-Te Lee, and Kevin C. H. Chiang. "Real Estate Risk Exposure of Equity Real Estate Investment Trusts." Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics 36, no. 2 (July 11, 2007): 165–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11146-007-9058-2.

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12

Redman, Arnold, Herman Manakyan, and Kartono Liano. "Real Estate Investment Trusts and Calendar Anomalies." Journal of Real Estate Research 14, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10835547.1997.12090886.

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13

Chong, James, Joëlle Miffre, and Simon Stevenson. "Conditional Correlations and Real Estate Investment Trusts." Journal of Real Estate Portfolio Management 15, no. 2 (January 1, 2009): 173–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10835547.2009.12089840.

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14

Payne, James E., and Thomas W. Zuehlke. "Duration dependence in real estate investment trusts." Applied Financial Economics 16, no. 5 (March 2006): 413–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09603100500391099.

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15

Cashman, George D., David M. Harrison, and Christine A. Panasian. "CLAWBACK PROVISIONS IN REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUSTS." Journal of Financial Research 39, no. 1 (March 2016): 87–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfir.12090.

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16

Chang, Carolyn W., Kian Guan Lim, and Zhi Min Zhang. "Leverage Strategies of Real Estate Investment Trusts and Real Estate Operating Companies." International Real Estate Review 27, no. 1 (March 30, 2024): 81–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.53383/100377.

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This paper employs empirical data in three major Asian real estate markets - Hong Kong, Japan, and Singapore, from 2001 to 2021, to study the leverage strategies of two related types of real estate companies – real estate investment trusts (REITs) and real estate operating companies (REOCs). The business model of the former must adhere to a real-estate-focused investment strategy while the latter undertakes a whole range of real estate development activities including land acquisition, financial feasibility analysis, construction, investment and asset management to redevelopment and disposal, and are not subject to the REIT rules with respect to tax transparency, earning distribution, real estate holding and leverage limit. We find that REOCs use 18.96% more debt than REITs after controlling for the agency and market risks, dividend yields, and property sector, country, and year fixed effects of firms; dividend payout has no effect on the leverage strategies; and high tax ratio increases the debt usage of REOCs relative to REITs. We also analyze the liquidation costs and business uniqueness effects. We find real estate value to total firm value ratio, as a proxy of liquidation cost, has negative effects on debt ratios for both real estate firms. Due to their uniqueness, REOCs with a high concentration of rental revenue stream are more vulnerable to liquidation risks, and thus more likely to have lower debt ratio. REITs however tend to have higher debt usage as rental incomes enhance cash-flow liquidity.
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17

Muigai, Peris Wanjiku, Fredrick Mutea, and Nancy Rintari. "Relationship between Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) and financial performance of selected investment banks in Nairobi County, Kenya." International Journal of Finance 7, no. 1 (March 21, 2022): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/ijf.790.

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Purpose: To investigate the relationship between real estate mutual funds investment and financial performance of selected investment banks in Nairobi County, Kenya. Methodology: The study used descriptive research design. The target population was 22 investment banks in Nairobi Kenya whose respondents were 75 investment managers, 297 investment officers, 124 risk officers, and 161 quality assurance officers. Simple random sampling method was used to obtain a sample of 7 investment banks whose 22 investment managers, 89 investment officers, 38 risk officers, 48 quality assurance officers were included. This study used a questionnaire and secondary data collection form to gather data. This study conducted a pre-test at two randomly selected commercial banks branch in Meru County. These banks were housing finance bank and Kenya Commercial Bank. Inferential analysis generated included model summary to test the level of influence, analysis of variance to test hypothesis and regression coefficients to test the study’s model. Results: The respondents agreed that there are reliable customer service services that boost client-bank relations which increases the confidence in investing even higher amounts of income towards REITs. (Mean-3.23). Despite that, respondents disagreed that investor’s wealth is able to grow especially due to profitable returns they generate as a result of engaging in real estate investment trusts (mean-2.23). In addition, the respondents disagreed that banks promote cultural and religion inclusivity by including products such as Islamic real estate investment trusts to incorporate Islams (mean-2.45). The model summary indicated that real estate investment trusts had an R-0.589 and an R-square of 0.347. This indicated that real estate investment trusts influenced 35% of financial performance. Durbin Watson’s value of 1.980 indicated a positive auto-correlation. The ANOVA analysis indicated that real estate investment trusts had an F-statistic of 7.033 and significance level of 0.009 which was below 0.05. There was a relationship between REITs and financial performance. The bank’s rate of return was low due to high price volatility. Investor’ high demand as compared to the supply of REITs by real estate sector played a significant effect on its prices. In addition, the study found out most real estate companies had not set out much REITs which made it tricky for investors to reap maximum returns on them. Unique contribution to theory, policy and practice: Gaps were established on how real estate investment banks would incorporate diversity in their products. For example, the presence of Islamic real estate investment trusts was found to be missing in investment banks due to complicated Sharia laws on how interest should be accrued so that no party loses in the deal (both the banks and the investor). Investment banks management should develop various REITs products which incorporates diversity such as introducing Islamic products. Investment banks should develop partnership opportunities for real estate companies so that they are able to increase their investment products baskets. CMA should extend a hand to investment banks and firms so that they get appropriate prices on various REITs.
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18

Jin, Changha, and Kwanyoung Kim. "International Real Estate Review." International Real Estate Review 20, no. 3 (September 30, 2017): 349–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.53383/100246.

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Although real estate investment trusts (REITs) in Korea (K-REITs) have a history of over a decade, little related academic research exists due to many constraints, including the lack of available data. This research is the first attempt to examine a total of 74 REIT companies by using data from the Korea Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts. In this study, we explore the economies of scale of both private and public REITs in Korea. Initially, we construct an equivalent baseline measure for growth prospects, revenue and expenses, and profitability, and thereby compare private and public K-REITs. This study further explores the return determinants for K-REITs with a range of firm-specific and property-specific variables. The results show that the asset size of K-REITs matters in determining growth prospects, wherein revenue and expenses and profitability are interrelated. Furthermore, the ownership structure of K-REITs influences the return measure.
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19

Bers, Martina, and Thomas Springer. "Economies-of-Scale for Real Estate Investment Trusts." Journal of Real Estate Research 14, no. 3 (January 1, 1997): 275–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10835547.1997.12090905.

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20

Han, Jun, and Youguo Liang. "The Historical Performance of Real Estate Investment Trusts." Journal of Real Estate Research 10, no. 3 (January 1, 1995): 235–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10835547.1995.12090791.

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21

Chen, K., and Daniel Tzang. "Interest-Rate Sensitivity of Real Estate Investment Trusts." Journal of Real Estate Research 3, no. 3 (January 1, 1988): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10835547.1988.12090561.

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22

Kuhle, James, Carl Walther, and Charles Wurtzebach. "The Financial Performance Of Real Estate Investment Trusts." Journal of Real Estate Research 1, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10835547.1986.12090517.

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23

Burkova, Y. A. "Real Estate Investment Trusts in the Developed Countries." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 4(37) (August 28, 2014): 197–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2014-4-37-197-205.

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In this article, performance of239 real estate investment trusts (REITs) from 15 developed countries is analyzed according to their regional specific characteristics. This investment vehicle is rapidly spreading all over the world due to high returns it offers while being of low risk, and since the governments create special legislation. In 2013, there were around 30 countries where REITs can be created, so regional specifics of REITs' performance can be studied. USA has the oldest REITs market in the world with 133 trusts operating there. Popularity of American REITs is explained by the fact that they usually hold well diversified portfolios of property with stable income. This helped them rather successfully survive through the global economic crisis of2008-2010, but after that attracted close attention of institutional investors which has led to the creation of new bubble on the market. European REITs market has appeared recently, its development being slowed down by the recent crisis. The debt crisis and liquidity strain caused REITs lack of funds; economic downturn led to the reduction of trusts' returns, resulting in the outflow of the investment to the USA. In 2012, the recovery of the debt capital market reanimated the REITs market. REITs in the Asia-Pacific region are very risky thus offering a high riskpremium. Their returns are unstable and fluctuate in line with the global economic situation. After the crisis, REITs have been the most attractive investment vehicle on the market offering high yield.
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24

Larson, Stephen J. "Real Estate Investment Trusts and Stock Price Reversals." Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics 30, no. 1 (February 2005): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11146-004-4832-x.

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25

Ho, Kim Hin David, Kwame Addae-Dapaah, and Fang Rui Lina Peck. "Cross-listing of real estate investment trusts (REITs)." Journal of Property Investment & Finance 35, no. 5 (August 7, 2017): 509–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpif-08-2016-0063.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the common stock price reaction and the changes to the risk exposure of the cross-listing for real estate investment trusts (REITs). Design/methodology/approach The paper adopts the event study methodology to assess the abnormal returns (ARs). Pre- and post-cross-listing changes in the risk exposure for the domestic and foreign markets are examined, via a modified two-factor international asset pricing model. A comparison is made for two broad cross-listings, namely, the depositary receipts and the dual ordinary listings, to examine the impacts from institutional differences. Findings Cross-listed REITs generally experience positive and significant ARs throughout the event window, implying significant superior returns associated with the cross-listing for REITs. On systematic risks, REITs exhibit significant decline in their domestic market β coefficients after the cross-listing. However, the foreign market β coefficients do not yield conclusive evidence when compared across the sample. Research limitations/implications Results are consistent with prudential asset allocation for potential diversification gains from the cross-listing, as the reduction from the domestic market beta is more significant than changes in the foreign market beta. Practical implications The results and findings should incentivise REIT managers to explore viable cross-listing. Social implications Such cross-listing for REITs should enhance risk diversification. Originality/value This is a pioneer study on cross-listing of REITs. It provides a basis for investment decision making, and could provoke further research and discussion.
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Hofert, Sebastian, and Christian Möller. "Introduction of real estate investment trusts in Germany." Law and Financial Markets Review 1, no. 2 (March 2007): 145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17521440.2007.11427872.

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27

Bredin, Don, Gerard O'Reilly, and Simon Stevenson. "Monetary policy transmission and real estate investment trusts." International Journal of Finance & Economics 16, no. 1 (December 17, 2010): 92–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijfe.413.

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28

Escobari, Diego, and Mohammad Jafarinejad. "Date stamping bubbles in Real Estate Investment Trusts." Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance 60 (May 2016): 224–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.qref.2015.10.003.

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29

Ajayi, Oluwaseun Damilola, and Emmanuel Kofi Gavu. "South African Real Estate Investment Trusts Prefer Tuesdays." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 17, no. 5 (May 20, 2024): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm17050214.

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This study examines the day-of-the-week effect on the returns of different classifications of South African REITs. Ordinary least squares regression (OLS), generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) (1,1) (2,1), and Kruskal–Wallis (KW) tests were performed on data obtained from the IRESS Expert database from 2013 to 2021. We found statistical differences in the day-of-the-week effects for SAREITs; the best day to invest in office REITs is Friday, for diversified REITs Thursday, and for industrial REITs Friday. Generally, Wednesday was found to be the least profitable day to invest in all REIT classifications because it had the least average daily return. Tuesdays were the most profitable days for all REIT classifications, with the highest average daily return. REITs traded the most on Fridays, while REITs traded the least on Mondays. Returns were the most volatile on Monday, while volume was the least volatile on Thursday. The KW test revealed a statistically significant difference between the median returns across days of the week. Based on the above, profitability is expressed on Tuesdays in South African REITs. By recognizing the day-of-the-week effect, investors can buy and sell South African REITs more effectively. This study, apart from being the first in the context of South African REITs, provides updated evidence of the contested calendar anomaly issues.
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Razo-De-Anda, Jorge Omar, Salvador Cruz-Aké, and Francisco Venegas-Martínez. "¿Can the stock market boost economic growth?" Panorama Económico 17, no. 36 (June 2, 2022): 9–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.29201/peipn.v17i36.108.

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This paper develops a stochastic dynamic general equilibrium model to assess the impact of Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT) in the growth rate of the real estate sector through direct investment in infrastructure. Based on the theoretical relationships that the model provides we show empirical evidence, through a quantile econometric analysis of time series, of the positive impact of the REITs in the construction sector. The growth in the construction sector comes from the demand for real estate by those trusts, which would lead to a price increase, promoting gross fixed capital formation, and increasing the value of output in the construction industry.
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Liu, Can, Jiaxin Jin, Liyuan Tang, and Puyu Zhao. "The Analysis of Chinese Infrastructure REITs--Take Fullgoal Capital Water Closed REITs for Example." Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 73, no. 1 (April 19, 2024): 333–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/73/20230613.

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Real estate investment trusts (REITs), as a form of security, originated in the United States and are now widely favored by investors in China, Singapore and other regions. In recent years, a number of provinces in China have proposed a number of water infrastructure REITs intention projects, and positive progress has been made. Taking Fullgoal Capital Water Closed Investment Trust (Fullgoal Capital Water Closed REITs) as an example, this paper analyzes the structure of real estate investment trust, the role of each body and the fund management mode of this case, and analyzes the financial situation of the project. The majority of investors can understand the financial and operating status of the Fullgoal Capital Water Closed REITs through this article, and can also better understand the operation mechanism of real estate investment trust through this case.At the end of this paper, some notes and suggestions are provided to investors, hoping to help investors make wise investment decisions according to their own investment objectives and risk tolerance.
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SARAL, KUNIKA. "Analyzing the Relationship between Real Estate Investments and Portfolio Diversification." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 05 (May 5, 2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem32966.

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Real estate has long been considered an attractive investment option for individuals and institutions seeking to build wealth and diversify their portfolios. Unlike traditional investment vehicles such as stocks and bonds, real estate offers unique characteristics that can potentially enhance returns and mitigate risk. This analysis aims to explore the role of real estate investments in portfolio diversification and assess their potential impact on overall portfolio performance. Portfolio diversification is a fundamental principle in investment management, as it helps to spread risk across different asset classes and mitigate the impact of market fluctuations on a portfolio's overall value. By including assets with low or negative correlations, investors can reduce the volatility of their portfolios and potentially achieve higher risk-adjusted returns. Real estate investments, including direct property ownership, real estate investment trusts (REITs), and other real estate-related securities, have traditionally exhibited low correlations with other asset classes, such as equities and bonds. This low correlation can be attributed to the unique characteristics of real estate, including its tangible nature, the presence of rental income streams, and the potential for capital appreciation. Furthermore, real estate investments can provide a hedge against inflation, as property values and rental rates tend to increase during periods of rising prices. This feature makes real estate an attractive diversification option, particularly for investors seeking to protect their portfolios from the eroding effects of inflation. This analysis will delve into the historical performance of real estate investments, examine their risk and return characteristics, and evaluate their potential contribution to portfolio diversification. By examining empirical data and leveraging portfolio optimization techniques, we aim to provide insights into the optimal allocation of real estate investments within a diversified portfolio.
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Kryzanowski, Lawrence, and Margarita Tcherednitchenko. "International Real Estate Review." International Real Estate Review 10, no. 2 (December 31, 2007): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.53383/100081.

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The return performance and factor sensitivities of Canadian equity real estate investment trusts (E-REITs) are examined. Today, typical and average Canadian E-REIT IPOs are correctly priced based on first- day and subsequent short-run returns. The overpricing evident earlier in the 1993-96 period for typical and average E-REIT IPOs has corrected. E-REITs are equity investments with about one-half the market risk, and greater ensitivity to interest-rate changes, than the S&P/TSX Composite Index. E-REITs outperformed the S&P/TSX Composite over the 1996-2004 period on a return, risk, and market- and/or risk-adjusted basis. Thus, E-REITs provided material diversification benefits with no sacrifice in return, when added to a common stock portfolio during the studied period.
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Mori, Masaki, and Alan J. Ziobrowski. "International Real Estate Review." International Real Estate Review 9, no. 1 (June 30, 2006): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.53383/100066.

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Foreign real estate investment funds have recently been added to the practical investment opportunity sets of ordinary Japanese investors. This paper analyzes the additional diversification benefits of U.S. REITs and Australian listed property trusts (LPTs) for Japanese investors who already hold Japanese, U.S., and Australian financial assets while considering different risk definitions in a mean-lower partial moment (MLPM) framework. The study uses data from August 1994 to July 2004. The impacts of currency adjustment and risk definition on the diversification benefits are examined. Our results suggest that the additional diversification benefits of U.S. REITs and Australian LPTs can be obtained only in very limited cases by Japanese investors.
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Suley, William, and Kevin Getii Moranga. "Indirect investment and financial performance of the real estate sector in Nairobi County Kenya." Bussecon Review of Finance & Banking (2687-2501) 2, no. 1 (February 26, 2020): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.36096/brfb.v2i1.145.

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The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of indirect investment on the performance of real estate in Nairobi County Kenya. The independent variables for indirect investment were: investment trusts, exchange-traded funds, commingled funds, and infrastructure funds. The dependent variable was the performance of real estate in Nairobi County Kenya. Secondary data was collected from the real estate’s online sources and some from the company offices and analyzed using multiple regression analysis. Both descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were determined. The study was only able to collect secondary data from 45 real estate companies out of the target population of 69 registered by KPDA in 2015 as it was hard to get data of the rest either from online sources or from the company offices. With the aid of STATA 12.0 software and Excel software, quantitative results were tabulated and presented in the form of charts, bar graphs, and narratives. The study found an existing relationship between the performance of the real estate sector and the Investment Trust Fund, the Exchange Trust Fund, the Commingled Fund, Infrastructure Fund. The study concludes that most of the coefficients were significant. The study also concludes that there is a relationship between the performance of the real estate sector and the Investment Trust Fund, Exchange Trust Fund, Commingled Fund, Infrastructure Fund when these components are considered together they affect Performance
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36

Suley Menges, William, and Kevin Getii Moranga. "Indirect investment and financial performance of the real estate sector in Nairobi county Kenya." International Journal of Business Ecosystem & Strategy (2687-2293) 1, no. 4 (December 31, 2019): 09–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.36096/ijbes.v1i4.285.

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The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of indirect investment on the performance of real estate in Nairobi County Kenya. The independent variables for indirect investment were: investment trusts, exchange-traded funds, commingled funds, and infrastructure funds. The dependent variable was the performance of real estate in Nairobi County Kenya. Secondary data was collected from the real estate’s online sources and some from the company offices and analyzed using multiple regression analysis. Both descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were determined. The study was only able to collect secondary data from 45 real estate companies out of the target population of 69 registered by KPDA in 2015 as it was hard to get data of the rest either from online sources or from the company offices. With the aid of STATA 12.0 software and Excel software, quantitative results were tabulated and presented in the form of charts, bar graphs, and narratives. The study found an existing relationship between the performance of the real estate sector and the Investment Trust Fund, the Exchange Trust Fund, the Commingled Fund, Infrastructure Fund. The study concludes that most of the coefficients were significant. The study also concludes that there is a relationship between the performance of the real estate sector and the Investment Trust Fund, Exchange Trust Fund, Commingled Fund, Infrastructure Fund when these components are considered together, they affect Performance.
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Arora, Rohit. "Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs): An overview of Structure & Legislative Framework." Indian Journal of Applied Research 1, no. 10 (October 1, 2011): 99–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/jul2012/32.

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38

Sing, Tien, and Kok Weng Loh. "International Real Estate Review." International Real Estate Review 17, no. 1 (April 30, 2014): 23–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.53383/100178.

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The study tests the predictability of excess returns on four global asset classes that include Shariah-compliant (SC) real estate, SC stocks, conventional real estate and real estate investment trusts (REITs). Based on weekly excess returns from January 2001 to December 2010, our empirical results do not reject the hypothesis that Shariah compliance risk is significantly priced in the excess returns of a portfolio of the four global asset classes. Shariah compliance risk and real estate risk are mutually exclusive. Fund managers will only price one common Shariah compliance risk in a pure real estate portfolio that consists of SC real estate, conventional real estate and REITs.
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39

Nagar, Gautam Buddh. "The Impact of Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) on the Indian Commercial Real Estate Market: A Study of Investor Perception and Market Performance." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 05 (May 2, 2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem33024.

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The introduction of Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) in India has marked a significant evolution in the country's commercial real estate landscape. This paper examines the multifaceted impact of REITs on the Indian commercial real estate market, focusing on key dimensions such as liquidity, transparency, investor access, and market development. Firstly, REITs have enhanced liquidity in the commercial real estate sector by providing investors with a liquid avenue to invest in income-generating properties, thereby reducing the traditionally illiquid nature of real estate investments. This increased liquidity has facilitated capital flow into the market and stimulated transaction activity. Secondly, REITs have contributed to greater transparency in the Indian real estate market. By mandating regular disclosures and adherence to stringent governance standards, REITs have improved information symmetry between investors and property developers, leading to a more efficient allocation of capital and reduced investment risk. Thirdly, the introduction of REITs has widened investor access to commercial real estate assets. Individual investors, institutional funds, and foreign investors now have the opportunity to participate in the market through REIT investments, thereby diversifying their portfolios and potentially earning stable returns from rental income and capital appreciation. Furthermore, REITs have played a pivotal role in the development of the Indian commercial real estate market. Their presence has spurred the professionalization of property management practices, encouraged the adoption of international standards, and catalyzed the growth of ancillary industries such as real estate services and financial advisory firms.
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40

Adamuscin, A. "Investing in European market real property through reits." Slovak Journal of Civil Engineering 18, no. 1 (March 1, 2010): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10189-010-0001-9.

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Investing in European market real property through reitsFor institutional and private investors, investing in real estate represents an attractive form of the consignment of their money. Real estate provides a regular source of income in the form of the rent from or interest on the credit provided. At the same time, real estate is a good investment instrument, because it provides diversified contributions and security against inflation for investors. In their efforts to diversify risk, investors are expressing growing interest in investing in the whole European Union. The success of Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) in the U.S. also opened the door for investing in this market for small investors, which is the reason for the development of this type of investment company in the European arena. One problem concerning the development of European real estate investment funds is the unsolved issue of the harmonization of the legislation and regulatory safety measures, which would enable the creation of a common market for new investment products in Europe.
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41

Gabriel, Fernanda Sousa, Kárem Cristina de Sousa Ribeiro Post, Kárem Cristina de Sousa Ribeiro Post, Pablo Rogers, and Pablo Rogers. "Clustering Real Estate Investment Trusts: Brazil versus United States." Journal of Management Research 7, no. 4 (July 9, 2015): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jmr.v7i4.7848.

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<p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">This research aims to cluster American and Brazilian Real Estate Investment Trusts – USAREITs and BRREITs, respectively – based on their risk-adjusted measures of performance from January/2003 to August/2013, as well as before, during and after the financial crisis of 2008. Factor and Cluster Analysis pointed out three groups. Afterwards, Kruskal-Wallis and Dwass-Steel-Chritchlow-Fligner pairwise comparisons were adopted to verify the statistical differences between clusters. Overall, BRREITs achieved a better performance before and during the crisis, but an inferior performance after the crisis. USAREITs presented a more aggressive strategy after the crisis, whilst BRREITs presented a more conservative strategy during the same period.</span></p>
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42

Schwarz, Kyrill-A. "Real Estate Investment Trusts – ausgewählte Rechtsfragen einer neuen Anlageform -." JuristenZeitung 63, no. 11 (2008): 550. http://dx.doi.org/10.1628/002268808784614952.

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43

Chiang, Hui Chen, Yih Ching Tsaih, and Wen-Cheng Hsiao. "THE EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS OF SINGAPORE REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUSTS." Eurasian Journal of Business and Management 4, no. 4 (2016): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15604/ejbm.2016.04.04.002.

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44

Goebel, Paul, and Kee Kim. "Performance Evaluation of Finite-Life Real Estate Investment Trusts." Journal of Real Estate Research 4, no. 2 (January 1, 1989): 57–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10835547.1989.12090580.

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45

Brown, David T. "Liquidity and Liquidation: Evidence from Real Estate Investment Trusts." Journal of Finance 55, no. 1 (February 2000): 469–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0022-1082.00213.

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46

Hubbard, Jonathan. "The Environment and Performance of Real Estate Investment Trusts." CFA Digest 34, no. 2 (May 2004): 10–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2469/dig.v34.n2.1404.

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47

Yung, Kenneth, Diane DeQing Li, and Yi Jian. "Managerial decision horizon and real estate investment trusts (REITs)." Review of Behavioral Finance 9, no. 1 (April 10, 2017): 63–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rbf-06-2015-0026.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of managerial decision horizon (MDH) on real estate investment trust (REIT) behavior and performance. Design/methodology/approach In this study, the authors expand the number of proxies and measure managerial horizon by CEO age, CEO tenure, cash compensation relative to total compensation, and the amount of vested equity-based compensation to total compensation. To avoid potential measurement error, the authors compute the average ranking score of the four individual measures to determine the overall MDH of a CEO. Cross-sectional time series regressions are then performed on the effects of CEO MDH on REIT policies and performance. The authors also examine if the effect of myopic MDH can be mitigated by good corporate governance. For robustness purpose, the authors also compare the effects of age-related MDH and compensation-related MDH. Findings The results show that REITs managed by CEOs with short MDHs have lower levels of asset growth and a lower standard deviation of return on assets. These REITs also have lower debt levels, lower dividend payouts, and hold more cash. The results suggest that short-horizon CEOs have incentives to lower investment risk, default risk, and liquidity risk at the firm level in order to protect personal benefits. CEOs with a short horizon also have a negative impact on REIT performance. The results also show that CEO compensation-related horizon problems are mitigated by corporate governance, but CEO age-related horizon problems are significant and persistent. The results suggest that age-related behavioral biases of the CEO are important determinants of corporate decisions. Practical implications The results of this study suggest that the managerial behavioral biases should be considered in understanding firm behavior. Originality/value This is the first study that examines the effects of MDH on REIT behavior and performance. The unique regulatory environment of REITs makes them less susceptible to agency problems of free cash flow and thus provides a clearer picture of the effect of MDH. Prior studies focus on the effect of managerial horizon on firm investment activity, this study expands the scope to examine the effects on investment and financial policies. In addition, this study adds to the literature by showing that the effect of age-related horizon problems may not be mitigated by good corporate governance.
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Milunovich, George, and Stefan Trück. "Regional and global contagion in real estate investment trusts." Journal of Property Investment & Finance 31, no. 1 (February 2013): 53–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14635781311292971.

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Zhu, Zhaobo, DavidM Harrison, and MichaelJ Seiler. "Preference for lottery features in real estate investment trusts." International Review of Economics & Finance 69 (September 2020): 599–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2020.05.012.

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50

Hung, Szu-Yin Kathy, and John L. Glascock. "Volatilities and Momentum Returns in Real Estate Investment Trusts." Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics 41, no. 2 (February 20, 2009): 126–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11146-008-9165-8.

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