Relevant bibliographies by topics / Real sector of economy

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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Academic literature on the topic 'Real sector of economy'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 28 May 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Real sector of economy"

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OMELCHENKO, Yuliia. "Modeling the influence of financial sector on real sector of Ukrainian economics." Economics. Finances. Law, no. 11/3 (November 27, 2020): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.37634/efp.2020.11(3).2.

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Introduction: This paper is devoted to the study of the relationship between the financial and real sectors of the economy of Ukraine. Economic transformations of the domestic economy demonstrate the urgent need for financial bases to stimulate economic development. After all, the stabilization of industrial enterprises and the maintenance of a steady trend of increasing industrial production is directly related to financial security. It is also necessary to clarify possible contradictions between the financial and manufacturing sectors, as well as possible ways to resolve them, because we are talking about the decline or prosperity of the economy. For example, the underdevelopment of financial institutions and the investment of real sector free funds in speculative transactions instead of using them to reproduce fixed capital and increase capacity is one such complication. In turn, a weak financial system cannot provide a sufficient level of investment development, as a result of which the real sector attracts its own funds, which allows to achieve mainly only short-term goals. It should also be noted that the divergence of the financial and real sectors is expressed through certain economic relations. As financial institutions play a significant role in the formation of investment entities, it can be noted that insufficient financial potential and low ability to form a stable financial policy are weaknesses in the socio-economic development of Ukraine. Therefore, a detailed study of the convergence of the financial and industrial sectors can be taken into account in the formation of programs of socio-economic development in crisis or post-crisis conditions. The purpose of the paper is an in-depth analysis of the relationship between the financial and real sectors, as well as the consequences of their divergence. The realization of this goal has necessitated the disclosure of the essence of production and financial institutions, their impact on global crises. The subject of the study was the economic relations of the financial and production sectors and their features in terms of the economy of Ukraine. The object of analysis is cross-sectoral links and trends in their development. The reasons for the separation of these sectors are also investigated. Result. Using the obtained results, an economic-mathematical model of the economy functioning without the direct influence of the financial sector and a model taking into account the financial sector were built. A comparison of the models proves that the stock market has an impact on the productive sector of the economy. Conclusion. The development of the stock market can have a positive effect on GDP growth. However, at the same time it is necessary to regulate the activities of stock market participants to avoid excessive outflow of funds to the speculative stock market.
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Okwu, Andy Titus, Olusola Babatunde Falaiye, Rowland Tochukwu Obiakor, and Ajibola Joseph Olusegun. "Do banking sector reforms cause economic growth?: Empirical evidence from Africa’s largest economy." Corporate Ownership and Control 13, no. 1 (2015): 553–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv13i1c5p3.

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This paper employed time series data on relevant empirical diagnostics to examine banking sector growth-led nexus within the context of Africa’s largest economy, Nigeria. Diagnostics established stationarity of banking sector indicators and control variables at first difference. Findings showed no causal relationships between banking sector reforms and economic growth in the short-run and that, though liberalisation in particular did not Granger-cause growth of the economy during the study period, banking sector reforms caused growth of the real sector of the Nigerian economy. Hence, the caveat was that long-run growth effects of banking sector reforms on real sectors of economies are functions of policy targets of such banking or financial sectors reform strategies. Consequently, articulation of banking and financial sectors reforms within long-run rather than short-run perspectives and complementarity of liberalisation were recommended.
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Klimenko, Pavel, Larisa Sevryukova, Mikhail Goncharenko, and Dmitry Dmitriev. "Financial mechanisms to stimulate the real economy in the global economic security system." SHS Web of Conferences 92 (2021): 08011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20219208011.

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Research background: The real sector plays a crucial role in the country’s economy. It is he who serves as the economic basis for creating an additional product, in close connection with the financial sector. Today, the concept of “real sector of the economy” is used very actively both in economic science and in economic practice. Favourable macroeconomic factors lead to investment in the real sector and increase the competitiveness of production, both the economy of the individual state and the global economy as a whole. Research aimed at improving the efficiency of the real sector through the development of financial mechanisms to support it on a global scale is therefore highly relevant to the economic security of individual countries and the world economy. Purpose of the article: identification of current problems and ways of improvement, financial mechanisms to stimulate the real sector of the economy to ensure economic security of the state Methods: spatio-temporal analysis of the identified indicators of balanced development of the regional economy in order to ensure economic security. Findings & Value added: Findings & Value added: proposed ways to develop effective financial mechanisms to stimulate the real sector of the economy can be used in the development of economic security strategies for regions and federal districts
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Koprencka, Luciana, Edmira Cakrani, and Migena Petani. "Real Estate Taxes in Albania." European Journal of Sustainable Development 2, no. 4 (April 1, 2013): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2013.v2n4p243.

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The construction sector is one of the mainsectors of the Albanian economy, which,during the last 20 years, has experiencedthe greatest economic growth. In 1991 thissector has contributed by 2.5% to the GDP,in 2006 by 4.9%, while in 2008, this sectorhas contributed by 14.9% to the national GDP. The relevant legislation has played animportant role in the development of this sector. The applied laws have tried to maintainat low levels the real estate prices and totransform such a problematic sector, withreference to fiscal evasion and informality,into an easily controllable sector. The taxesapplied in the construction sector are the sameas in other economic sectors, although thetaxation management in the construction sector, except forthose common principles thatregulate the tax management in general, isbased on some specificrules related to thecharacteristics of this sector. Increase the level of taxation on the transfer of ownership tothe extent of 10%, paralyzed the housing market by reducing the number of sales,especially of real estate old, previously this was 0.3-5%of sales value.
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Wong, Hock Tsen. "Real exchange rate misalignment and economy." Journal of Economic Studies 46, no. 1 (January 7, 2019): 211–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jes-07-2017-0181.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of real exchange rate misalignment on economy and economic sectors, namely construction, manufacturing and mining and quarrying in Malaysia.Design/methodology/approachThe equilibrium real exchange rate and economic models are estimated using the autoregressive distributed lag approach.FindingsAn increase in productivity differential or reserve differential will lead to an appreciation of real exchange rate in the long run. An increase in positive (negative) real exchange rate misalignment will lead to an increase (decrease) in economy. An increase in long-run real exchange rate misalignment will lead to a decrease in economy. Real exchange rate misalignment or long-run real exchange rate misalignment can influence the manufacturing sector in Malaysia. More specifically, undervaluation will promote whereas overvaluation will hurt the manufacturing sector.Originality/valueReal exchange rate misalignment can be a policy to influence economy but may not be the best choice.
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Altukhova, E. V., and M. A. Markov. "Stimulating the Banking Sector Participation in the System of the Real Sector of Economy Support." Vestnik of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics 17, no. 5 (October 15, 2020): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2413-2829-2020-5-5-15.

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The development of the real sector is essential to ensure the growth of national economy in any country. The principle institution working with money in economy is banks. They maintain cash circulation of real sector companies and act as a source of investment, which is allocated in the form of banking credits. Taking into account the fact that the goal of stimulating the real economy growth is set not only for the banking system but for economy in general, the approach to its attaining should be complex and systematic. Because of that it is very important to develop a list of steps that could provide a differentiated approach in the system of supporting companies of the real sector. Such measures’ implementation includes the participation of development institutions and therefore, banks in the system of national projects realization. Upgrading legislative regulation in the sphere of interaction between banks and business entities is extremely important as well as the development of new finance tools providing the growth in finance potential in the real sector of economy. The article analyzes banks’ participation in crediting the real sector of economy in Russia, studies the key characteristics of crediting and puts forward steps both on the macro- and micro-level, which could coordinate economic interests of companies and banks and cut costs.
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Arafah, Willy, and Ryan Corinus Dato Matheos. "Determining Factors of Potential Economy Sectors of Bantaeng Regency in South Sulawesi Province of Indonesia: An Analysis Using the Location Quotient Approach." International Journal of Business and Management 12, no. 7 (June 6, 2017): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v12n7p183.

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Bantaeng Regency, one of the regencys in South Sulawesi Province, has some potential economy sectors to be developed. In order to know those potential economy sectors, one of the economy analysis which can be used is the Location Quotient analysis. In this research, the analysis will use Static Location Quotient (SLQ) and Dynamic Location Quotient (DLQ). The SLQ method is used to determine the base sectors (leading sectors) in Bantaeng Regency at one period of time. While DLQ method is used to determine whether a sector that is superior over a period of time are leading sectors for the period of time that will come. The analysis showed that in the year 2013-2014 the Trade and Retail sector; Car and Motorcycles Repair sector; Real Estate sector; Government Administration sector; Defence and Compulsory Social Security; and Other Services Sector is the leading economy sector in Bantaeng Regency. And in the year 2014-2015, the Trade and Retail sector; Cars and Motorcycles Repair sector; Real Estate sector; Service Sector Health and Social Work; and Other Services Sector is the leading economy sector in Bantaeng Regency.
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Malysh, Dmytro. "ROLE OF THE FINANCIAL SECTOR IN FINANCING THE ENTERPRISES OF THE REAL SECTOR OF THE ECONOMY." Economic Analysis, no. 28(2) (2018): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/econa2018.02.078.

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Introduction. Financial sector plays an important role in the financing of business entities in the real economy sector. A possibility of rising funds through the stock or banking sector enables substantially to expand the scope of enterprises. However, the presence of permanent financial crises does not allow companies to use these opportunities in full. Therefore, the assessment of state and trends of the stock and banking sectors in the context of the use of their funds to finance companies in the real sector of the economy becomes important. Purpose. The article aims to identify contemporary issues of development of the stock and banking sectors in the context of their ability to finance companies in the real economy. Method. In order to achieve the goal of the research we have used the following methods: method of structural and dynamic analysis and method of economic and statistical analysis of the development of the stock and banking sectors of Ukraine. Results. It has been determined that the deterioration of the stock market in Ukraine led to its exclusion from the list of marginal markets. The largest segment of the Ukrainian stock and banking sector services the issuers, which are owned by the state. At the same time, the financial sector has features of bank-centeredness since banks play a leading role in financing of companies and in transactions of the stock market. Ukrainian stock market mainly carries out operations with government bonds and only a small part of operations provides financing for the activities of companies through the issue of stocks and bonds. The share of long-term sources of funding is gradually decreasing and it is critically low for economic growth of the country. The tempos of providing long-term and short-term bank loans for the company are slowing down. A positive trend is the reduction of interest rates on loans. There is a need to develop effective measures for using opportunities of the stock and banking sectors as well for financing companies in the real sector of the economy.
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Abaidoo, Rexford. "Dynamics Of US Economic Recovery: Can We Still Count On The Finance And Insurance Sector?" Journal of Business & Economics Research (JBER) 9, no. 10 (May 1, 2013): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jber.v9i10.7840.

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This study takes a quantitative approach toexamine the dynamic effects of post-recession sector and sub-sector growthperformance of U.S. economic recovery. The study employs contributions to GDPgrowth rate among selected sectors and sub-sectors of the US economy to measurethe probability to significantly impact the rate of economic recovery.Estimation results based on logistic model indicates the finance and insurancesector of the economy is still critical to US economic recovery after a majormacroeconomic shock; however, the sectors potential to significantlyaccelerate economic recovery seem to be overstated compared to other keysectors of the economy. Further test suggests the real estate sector of theeconomy is significantly weak in generating growth levels required tosignificantly accelerate economic recovery after major economic shock such asthe recession of 2008.
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Balatsky, Evgeny V., and Natalia A. Ekimova. "Integration Mechanisms of Universities and Real Economy Sector." Journal of Economic Regulation 12, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 058–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17835/2078-5429.2021.12.3.058-075.

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In the modern world, the role of universities is changing dramatically and a new model of their participation in the economy is being formed. The essence of the new model is an immeasurably closer integration of universities with enterprises and organizations of the real sector of the economy. Universities that reject this model will no longer be able to be full participants in the higher education market. In this regard, many Russian universities are forced to look for new mechanisms of interaction with economic entities of the regional economy. The article summarizes and systematizes the most successful practices of Russian universities on the creation and use of integration mechanisms with companies, enterprises and departments of the regions. For this purpose, examples of such promising institutions are considered, such as research and educational centers and infrastructure initiatives; supporting universities and network initiatives; targeted training and practice-oriented programs; integration of production and education on the site of universities (training centers); partial integration of production and education on the site of enterprises (basic departments); full integration of production and education at the enterprise site (outsourcing); entrepreneurial universities and a model of global academic partnership; the institute of unique scientific collaborations and Collective Use Centers. The analysis of this experience allowed us to draw the general contours of a new model of a practice-oriented university.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Real sector of economy"

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Мирошниченко, Юлія Олександрівна, Юлия Александровна Мирошниченко, Yuliia Oleksandrivna Myroshnychenko, and Bondar A. V. "CSER standards as a basis for combating cor-ruption in companies of the real sector of the economy: stakeholder approach." Thesis, Morrisville, Lulu Press, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/68009.

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The article is devoted to the problem of implementation CSER standards as a basis for combating corruption in Ukrainian companies of the real sector of the economy. Much attention is given to ISO 37001, ISO 26000 and peculiarities of the implementation of the Compliance Policy.
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Dogan, Aydan. "Two sector models of the real exchange rate." Thesis, University of Kent, 2016. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/54747/.

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This thesis consists of three self contained chapters. In the first chapter, we re-assess the problem of general equilibrium models in matching the behaviour of the real exchange rate. We do so by developing a two country general equilibrium model with non-traded goods, home bias, incomplete markets and partial degrees of pass through as well as nominal rigidities both in the goods and labour markets. Our key finding is that presenting an encompassing model structure improves the performance of the model in addressing the persistence of the real exchange rate and its correlation with relative consumption, but this improvement is at the expense of failing to replicate some other characteristics of the data; where the model does a good job at explaining the failure of international risk sharing and generates substantial real exchange rate persistence, it fails to match several other observed business cycle features of the data, such as the volatility of real exchange rate and consumption. In the second chapter of the thesis, we study the importance of the extensive margin of trade for the UK export dynamics. During the great recession, UK exports fell by around 8% with respect to their trend, more than a standard general equilibrium model would predict. In this paper, we ask whether an estimated two country DSGE model with extensive margin of trade can explain this drop and the main business cycle features of the UK economy. The extensive margin improves the overall performance of the model, but cannot improve substantially on replicating the behaviour of exports. Much of the trade collapse during the great recession can be explained by a shock to export entry costs associated with tighter financial conditions. Understanding the trade balance dynamics has a central role in studies of emerging market business cycles. In the last chapter, we investigate the driving sources of emerging market trade balance fluctuations by developing a two country, two sector international real business cycle model with investment and consumption goods sectors. We estimate the model for Mexico and US data and find that a slowly diffusing permanent investment specific technology shock that originates in the US accounts for most of the trade balance variability in Mexico. This shock is also the key driver of business cycle fluctuations in Mexico.
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Cermeño, Rodolfo. "Caída del ingreso real, recesión del sector moderno y expansión del sector informal: un enfoque microeconómico." Economía, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/117766.

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Blum, David, Klaus Federmair, Gerhard Fink, and Peter Haiss. "The Financial-Real Sector Nexus. Theory and Empirical Evidence." Forschungsinstitut für Europafragen, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2002. http://epub.wu.ac.at/196/1/document.pdf.

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Without doubt a well-developed financial sector is related to efficient resource allocation and growth, but there is modest consensus on the direction of that link, on the notion of what is meant by "well developed", on which subset of the financial market is crucial and thus which organisational set-up provides optimal returns for both architects and market participants alike. With sluggish growth, torn down market barriers and systemic change in the EU accession countries the direction, magnitude, sustainability, institutional set-up of the finance-growth nexus (and which), becomes one of the core issues of both macroeconomic theory and practice. This paper reviews the economic theory available, provides a well structured overview of 54 empirical studies conducted since 1964, sets the stage for constructing a data base encompassing the major three segments of financial markets (stock, bond and bank credit) and provides the methodological background for combining cross-country production function and time-series approaches in order to answer the following questions: (1) What is the direction of the finance-growth nexus, (2) which segment of the financial sector drives whatever nexus there is, and (3) what are the features of a growth supportive financial architecture.
Series: EI Working Papers / Europainstitut
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Vasilev, Aleksandar Zdravkov. "Essays on real business cycle modeling and the public sector." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2013. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4286/.

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This thesis is composed of three core chapters on modern dynamic macroeconomics, which study different aspects of the public sector labor market in a large EU economy with significant public employment share and a non-trivial public sector wage premium over the private sector labor compensation. The study in this dissertation adds to earlier research by incorporating endogenous government hours and wages in the model framework and argues that the presence of a sizable public sector labor market in European economies generates significant interaction with the private sector labor and capital markets. In addition, the presence of interest groups (labor unions, government bureaucracy), as well as other labor market frictions in the public sector, is shown to be an important element of the analysis when discussing fiscal policy reforms. Motivated by the highly-unionized public sectors, the high public shares in total employment, and the public sector wage premia observed in most post-WWII European economies, Chapter 1 examines the role of public sector unions in a general equilibrium framework. A strong union presence in a large non-market sector is shown to be relevant for both business cycle fluctuations and for the welfare effect of fiscal regime changes. To this end, an otherwise standard real-business-cycle (RBC) model is augmented with a public sector union optimization problem. The resulting theoretical setup generates cyclical behavior in government hours and wages that is consistent with data behavior in an economy with a highly-unionized public sector, namely Germany during the period 1970-2007. The main findings of Chapter 1 are: (i) the model with a public sector union performs reasonably well vis-a-vis data; (ii) overall, the public sector union model is a significant improvement over a similar model with exogenous public sector employment; (iii) endogenously-determined public wage and hours add to the distortionary effect of contractionary tax reforms and produce significantly higher welfare losses. Additionally, the union model requires greater changes in tax rates to achieve a pre-specified increase in tax revenue compared to an equivalent model with exogenous public sector hours. Thus, endogenous public sector hours and wages in the setup are shown to be quantitatively important for public policy evaluation. Ignoring the positive co-movement between public and private hours and wages leads to a significant underestimation of the welfare effect of fiscal regime changes. Chapter 2 characterizes optimal fiscal policy and evaluates it relative to the exogenous (observed) one. Motivated by the high public employment, and the public wage premia observed in the major European economies, a Real-Business-Cycle model, calibrated to German data (1970-2007), is set up with a richer government spending side, and an endogenous private-public sector labor choice. To illustrate the effects of fiscal policy on sectoral allocation of hours, public wage rate determination and the provision of labor-intensive public services, two regimes are compared and contrasted to one another - exogenous vs. optimal (Ramsey) policy case. The main findings from the computational experiments performed in Chapter 2 are: (i) The optimal steady-state capital tax rate is zero, as it is the most distortionary tax to use; (ii) A higher labor tax rate is needed in the Ramsey case to compensate for the loss in capital tax revenue; (iii) Under the optimal policy regime, public sector employment is lower, but government employees receive higher wages; (iv) The benevolent Ramsey planner provides the optimal amount of the public good, and substitutes labor for capital in the input mix for public services and private output; (v) The government wage bill is smaller, while public investment is three times higher than in the exogenous policy case. Lastly, the thesis tries to delve into the hierarchical structure of public employment service and addresses the problem of rent-seeking in the public sector by government bureaucrats. Chapter 3 studies the wasteful effect of bureaucracy on the economy by addressing the link between rent-seeking behavior of government bureaucrats and the public sector wage bill, which is taken to represent the rent component. In particular, public officials are modeled as individuals competing for a larger share of those public funds. The theoretical model used is calibrated to German data for the period 1970-2007. The analysis then extends to the other major EU economies as well. To illustrate the effects of fiscal policy on rent-seeking, the exogenous and the optimal (Ramsey) policy cases are compared and contrasted to one another. The main findings of Chapter 3 are: (i) Due to the existence of a signicant public sector wage premium and the large public sector employment, a substantial amount of working time is spent rent-seeking, which in turn leads to significant losses measured in terms of aggregate output; (ii) The measures for the rent-seeking cost obtained from the model for the major EU countries are highly-correlated to indices of bureaucratic ineficiency; (iii) Under the optimal fiscal policy regime, steady-state rent-seeking is smaller relative to the exogenous policy case. The benevolent government invests more in public capital, sets a higher public wage premium, but chooses much lower public employment, thus achieving a decrease in rent-seeking.
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Wong, Chun Wa. "The onset of the East Asian economic crisis : a real sector approach." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2001. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/277.

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Zimmermann, Haidi Andiara. "Análise das exportações de vinhos brasileiros pós-Plano Real." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/132983.

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As rápidas e abrangentes mudanças nos mercados mundiais e regionais de vinhos, com significativos impactos sobre algumas vinícolas, estimularam a realização deste estudo. O objetivo central é analisar as exportações de vinhos brasileiros pós-plano real, a atuação das empresas vinícolas no mercado internacional de vinhos bem como as estratégias e perspectivas do setor. A globalização e a formação de novos mercados como o Mercado Comum do Sul (Mercosul), União Européia e ALCA, afetaram, de forma direta ou indireta, as estratégias do setor. As ações estratégicas também foram moldadas e seus retornos influenciados pelo ambiente e cultura do país. Com relação ao conteúdo das estratégias, cabe ressaltar que as estratégias de produtos e produção tiveram comportamento semelhante em todas as vinícolas participantes da pesquisa; quanto às alianças estratégicas, constata-se que oito delas realizaram algum tipo de aliança. Também foi possível detectar que todas as estratégias estão inter-relacionadas, tendo em vista os objetivos do setor de vinhos. Pôde-se concluir que, o setor está em processo de implementação do Plano de Desenvolvimento Estratégico “Visão 2025”.
The fast and wide-ranging changes in wine local and world market as well as its significant impact on some wineries, have encouraged this study. The main objective is the analysis on exports of Brazilian wines after the so called ‘Plano Real’, the government’s economical-financial plan, the analysis of performances on international wine markets, strategies and perspectives for the sector. Globalization and formation of new markets as the Mercosul - Southern Common Market, EU - European Union and, FTTS, Free Trade Area of Americas have directly or indirectly affected strategies on the sector. Strategical actions have also been adapted and its incomes influenced by the environment and culture of the country. About the contents of strategies it is worth mentioning that strategies for products and production were similar in all wineries. As for strategical alliances, eight of the wineries have taken part on any. It was also possible to detect that all the strategies are inter-related, given the objectives of the wine sector. We could conclude that the sector is implementing the Strategical Development Plan ‘Visão 2025’ which is being elaborated by the winery sector.
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Rubino, Chiara. "Aid, the public sector and the real exchange rate : the case of Indonesia." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1997. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/108481/.

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In 1965 the New Order Government took office in Indonesia, following years of severe economic turmoil. Since then the Indonesian economy has performed well, owing much to large oil export revenues and appropriate economic policies. This thesis presents a study of the Indonesian economy focused on three main themes: aid, the public sector and the real exchange rate (RER). In particular, we emphasise aid effectiveness on fiscal behaviour and on the RER. The thesis is organised in five chapters. Chapter 1 presents a synthetic overview of the main episodes in Indonesian economic history. Chapter 2 reviews theoretical and empirical issues on aid. Chapter 3 presents a dynamic model of government behaviour aimed at assessing aid’s impact on fiscal budget and on other real variables in the Indonesian economy. Following Heller’s seminal contribution (1975) and White’s new insights (1993), we insert the government sector into a simple macroeconomic framework: a constrained utility maximising framework which allows for feedback effects through higher income and dynamic linkages. The model is tested for the Indonesian case over the period 1968-93 and the estimated parameters are used to carry out a simulation exercise. We conclude with a positive assessment of aid giving, provided it is given in loans. Loans are found to encourage tax collection, public and private investment and consumption. Exchange rate management has played a significant role in Indonesia as an instrument to ensure competitiveness during and after the oil boom. Chapter 4 analyses the behaviour of the RER for the Indonesian rupiah and offers a theoretical and statistical background. Unit root testing has been extensively used to test for stationarity. We have consistently rejected the hypothesis of RER stationarity, except in those cases in which the full sample series have been used and/or two breaks have been allowed. Chapter 5 presents a modelling approach to RER determination. Following Edwards (1989), we present an econometric model of the RER and develop an extension of it in terms of the Error Correction Mechanism (ECM). Central to the analysis is the role of fundamentals, in particular aid and the price of oil, in determining the RER. The estimated parameters are then used to construct the equilibrium RER in order to study RER misalignment. Simulations are also carried out to investigate the impact of exogenous shocks and policy options on the RER. Results show that the Indonesian RER suffered from misalignment especially during the oil boom and until the early 1990’s. We also find that aid and the real price of oil do matter: both act as fundamental determinants of RER behaviour and contribute to RER stability, a finding confirmed by the simulation exercise. Interestingly, aid and government consumption appear to influence in differences and not in levels the RER.
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Chiwele, Dennis Kaputo. "Stabilisation, the real wage, employment and welfare : the case of Zambia's formal sector employees." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358175.

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According to orthodox theory, a key objective of stabilisation policies is to raise the relative price of tradeables to that of nontradeables. This should lead to a relative expansion of tradeables production. The factors of production that would benefit most are those intensively utilised in the expanding (tradeables) sector. Where nontradeables are more labour intensive, the real consumption wage will fall with the implementation of stabilisation policies. This prediction is tested in this thesis within the context of Zambia's effort to adjust its economy in the 1980s. Applying a Stolper-Samuelson-Rybczynski (SSR) model, it is concluded that stabilisation policies did indeed result in the fall of the real wage. This finding is in line with the experience of other countries, suggesting that real wages were more flexible than would be justified by concerns of orthodox theorists. However, it is shown that the responsiveness of employment to variations in the real product wage was statistically insignificant. Furthermore, despite the fact that the real product wage of tradeables relative to nontradeables moved in the desired direction, the expected relative rise in tradeables employment failed to occur. This demonstrates the ract that getting the prices right may not always be a sufficient condition for labour reallocation. The rapid fall in the real consumption wage made it difficult for an average formal sector household to meet its nutritional needs. These households could be classified as poor by the end of the 1980s. Workers responded by moonlighting, engaging in corrupt practices and allowing their households to increase their labour participation. The adverse effects associated with such survival strategies demonstrate the limit to which a government could rely on real wage flexibility in macroeconomic adjustment.
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Семеног, Андрій Юрійович, Андрей Юрьевич Семеног, and Andrii Yuriiovych Semenoh. "Проблеми взаємодії банківських фінансових установ та підприємств реального сектору економіки України." Thesis, Тернопільський національний економічний університет, 2010. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/63928.

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Досліджено проблеми взаємодії банківських фінансових установ та підприємств реального сектору економіки України. Визначено наявність ознак відірваності фінансового сектору від потреб реального сектора економіки.
The problems of interaction of bank financial institutions and enterprises of the real sector of the economy of Ukraine are decribed. There are defined signs of detachment financial sector from the needs of real sector of economy.
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Books on the topic "Real sector of economy"

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Hilbers, Paul Louis Ceriel. Real estate market developments and financial sector soundness. [Washington, D.C.]: International Monetary Fund, Monetary and Exchange Affairs Department, 2001.

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The real economy of Zaire: The contribution of smuggling & other unofficial activities to national wealth. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1991.

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The real economy of Zaire: The contribution of smuggling & other unofficial activities to national wealth. London: James Currey, 1991.

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Determinants of sectoral annual real wages in a developing economy. Santiago: Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Instituto de Economía, Oficina de Publicaciones, 1986.

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Gray, Cheryl W. Bulgaria's evolving legal framework for private sector development. Washington, DC (1818 H St. NW, Washington 20433): Country Economics Dept. and Legal Dept., World Bank, 1992.

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Otsubo, Shigeru. Is the "Japan problem" real?: How problems in Japan's financial sector could affect developing regions. Washington, D.C: World Bank, International Economics Dept., International Economic Analysis and Prospects Division, 1996.

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Miyajima, Ken. Real exchange rates in growing economies: How strong is the role of the nontradables sector? [Washington, D.C.]: International Monetary Fund European Dept., 2005.

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Chouraqui, Jean-Claude. The effects of monetary policy on the real sector: An overview of empirical evidence for selected OECD economies. [Paris]: OECD, 1988.

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J, Driscoll Michael, and Strauss-Kahn Marc-Olivier, eds. The effects of monetary policy on the real sector: An overview of empirical evidence for selected OECD economies. [Paris, France]: OECD, 1988.

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Federal Triangle South: Redeveloping underutilized federal property through public-private partnerships : hearing before the Subcommittee on Economic Development, Public Buildings, and Emergency Management of the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, House of Representatives, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, first session, November 19, 2013. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2014.

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Book chapters on the topic "Real sector of economy"

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Carnot, Nicolas, Vincent Koen, and Bruno Tissot. "Real Sector Building Blocks." In Economic Forecasting and Policy, 66–118. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230306448_4.

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Mujeri, Mustafa K., and Neaz Mujeri. "Financial-Real Sector Nexus." In Palgrave Studies in Economic History, 493–534. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56791-0_9.

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Fase, M. M. G. "The relationships in the real economic sector." In MORKMON A Quarterly Model of the Netherlands Economy for Macro-economic Policy Analysis, 52–70. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5109-9_3.

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Tikhomirov, Vladimir. "Dynamics of Development in the Real Sector of Economy." In The Political Economy of Post-Soviet Russia, 13–46. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230289062_2.

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Fase, M. M. G. "The links between the monetary and the real economic sector." In MORKMON A Quarterly Model of the Netherlands Economy for Macro-economic Policy Analysis, 71–73. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5109-9_4.

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Noskov, V. A. "Economic Security Theory: State Support for Real Sector and New Political Economy." In Engineering Economics: Decisions and Solutions from Eurasian Perspective, 247–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53277-2_28.

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Kozlovsky, A. V., and O. E. Astafieva. "State Support for Investment Policy in the Real Economy Sector." In Engineering Economics: Decisions and Solutions from Eurasian Perspective, 175–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53277-2_20.

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Peirani, Joanne, and Nicolas Cochard. "The Obstacles of Circular Economy in the Real Estate Sector." In Organizing Smart Buildings and Cities, 159–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60607-7_10.

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Abdulmanapov, Salihbek G., Vezirhan K. Giraev, and Khadizhat M. Khadzhalova. "Financial Instruments for Reproduction of the Real Sector of the Economy." In Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 227–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40749-0_27.

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Fadeev, A. V. "State Support of the Real Sector of the Economy: Legal Regulation." In Engineering Economics: Decisions and Solutions from Eurasian Perspective, 275–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53277-2_32.

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Conference papers on the topic "Real sector of economy"

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Kolchinskaya, Elizaveta. "INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS AND REAL SECTOR OF ECONOMY." In 2nd International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference on Social Sciences and Arts SGEM2015. Stef92 Technology, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2015/b23/s7.062.

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Usman, E. V., and A. V. Fedotova. "Financial innovations in the real sector of the Russian economy." In Scientific dialogue: Economics and Management. ЦНК МОАН, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/sciencepublic-08-10-2019-07.

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Wegner-Kozlova, E. "Assessment of entrepreneurial potential of region in real sector of economy." In International Conference on Trends of Technologies and Innovations in Economic and Social Studies 2017. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ttiess-17.2017.119.

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Shmanev, S. V. "The Human Capital Investment In The Modernization Of The Real Economy Sector." In CIEDR 2018 - The International Scientific and Practical Conference "Contemporary Issues of Economic Development of Russia: Challenges and Opportunities". Cognitive-Crcs, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2019.04.90.

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Idigova, Lalita. "Justification Of The Priorities Of Regional Development In Real Sector Of Economy." In SCTCMG 2019 - Social and Cultural Transformations in the Context of Modern Globalism. Cognitive-Crcs, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2019.12.04.172.

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Khotinskaya, G. I. "Business Ecosystem And Its Features In The Real Sector Of The Economy." In Proceedings of the II International Scientific Conference GCPMED 2019 - "Global Challenges and Prospects of the Modern Economic Development". European Publisher, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2020.03.53.

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Tengiz, Yusuf Ziya, Emine Şule Aydeniz, and Ali Göksenli. "Effects of Financial Risks in Turkish and Eurasian Economies on Real Economic Growth and Public Sector Borrowing: 2000-2013." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.01083.

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The effects of global and economical crisis on Turkey and Eurasian countries depend strongly on countries’ dependence ratio of foreign trade, on integrations and economic structure. Real economic growth of Russian and Belarus economies is affected by Euro and US-dollar rate of exchange (RoE), Kazakhstan’s economy by Euro RoE, Turkmenistan’s by Euro exchange and interest and Turkish economy by Euro RoE and consumer price index (CPI). The effect of public borrowings ratio on gross domestic product is affected in Russian economy by Euro RoE, CPI and interests 1 and 2, in Kazakhstan economy by US dollar RoE and interest, in Belarus economy by US dollar RoE, interest and CPI, in Turkmenistan’s by Euro RoE and interest and Turkish economy by interest and CPI. Russia must regulate improving economy politics in Euro exchange, interest and CPI indicators to increase real economical growth and decrease ratio of public borrowings on gross domestic product. Kazakhstan must focus on Euro RoE, US dollar RoE, interest and CPI indicators. The same situation is valid for Belarus. Turkmenistan must give importance to Euro exchange and interests in its politics of economy. Turkey must take Euro exchange, CPI and interests into consideration. Thereby real economy growth will increase and ratio of public borrowings on gross domestic product will decrease. To decrease shocks against fragility, to develop global competition strength and decrease of foreign-source dependency, Turkey and Eurasian countries must develop new strategies and constitute and develop economy politics for global competition capacity.
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Kleiner, George. "System problems of the real sector of the Russian economy: mesoeconomics, microeconomics, nanoeconomics." In System Problems of the Domestic Mesoeconomics, Microeconomics, and Economics of Enterprises. ЦЭМИ РАН, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.33276/978-5-8211-0769-5-4-11.

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Zhilkina, Anna N. "Organization of financial monitoring activity at an enterprise of real sector of economy." In 2010 International Conference on Management Science and Engineering (ICMSE 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmse.2010.5719934.

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Sergeevich, Lebedev Alexey, and Haidukova Nataliay Valentinovna. "Practice of creating system project management competencies: In a real sector of economy (metallurgy)." In 2017 12th International Scientific and Technical Conference on Computer Sciences and Information Technologies (CSIT). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/stc-csit.2017.8099453.

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Reports on the topic "Real sector of economy"

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Salas, Humberto, and Víctor Venegas. Confianza empresarial del sector agrícola en La Araucanía. Universidad Autónoma de Chile, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32457/2050012728/9759202156.

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Es sabido que los indicadores de confianza poseen poder de pronóstico para las economías y sectores productivos. La Araucanía es privilegiada al disponer de este tipo de medición, el cual es un valioso insumo a la hora de proyectar ciclos económicos, pronosticar el comportamiento del mercado laboral, establecer puntos de inflexión y detectar cambios en las fluctuaciones por medio de datos representativos que permitan la toma de decisiones empresariales fundamentadas. Según la propia Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico, estas mediciones exponen valiosa capacidad predictiva por su criterio de información, no obstante, lo que puede variar en diferentes latitudes y sectores económicos es el rezago con que estos indicadores impactan en la economía real. El Índice de Confianza Empresarial de La Araucanía, elaborado por la Facultad de Administración y Negocios de la Universidad Autónoma de Chile, mide desde el 2017 la confianza de los empresarios en distintos sectores como Agropecuario y Forestal, Comercio, Construcción, Financiero, Industrial y Transporte. A su vez, analiza la evolución mensual de las percepciones respecto a variables de interés de cada rubro en distintos ámbitos, para poder así pronosticar si la confianza de los empresarios será neutral, pesimista u optimista en distintos niveles. Se usa la metodología del ICE Nacional elaborado por la Universidad del Desarrollo, que es el indicador de confianza empresarial más completo y confiable en Chile para medir percepciones pasadas, presentes y futuras.
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Cochrane, John. Financial Markets and the Real Economy. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, March 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w11193.

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Mian, Atif, Amir Sufi, and Francesco Trebbi. Foreclosures, House Prices, and the Real Economy. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w16685.

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Kürşat Önder, Yasin, Maria Alejandra Ruiz-Sanchez, Sara Restrepo-Tamayo, and Mauricio Villamizar-Villegas. Government Borrowing and Crowding Out. Banco de la República, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1182.

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We investigate the impact of fiscal expansions on firm investment by exploiting firms that have multiple banking relationships. Further, we conduct a localized RDD approach and compare the lending behavior of banks that barely met and missed the criteria of being a primary dealer, as well as barely winners and losers at government auctions. Our results indicate that a 1 percentage point increase in banks’ bonds-to-assets ratio decreases loans by up to 0.4%, which leads to significant declines in firm investment, profits and wages. Our findings are grounded in a quantitative model with financial and real sectors with which we undertake a welfare analysis and compute the cost of government borrowing on the overall economy.
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Morck, Randall, M. Deniz Yavuz, and Bernard Yeung. State-run Banks, Money Growth, and the Real Economy. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, April 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w19004.

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Keys, Benjamin, Tomasz Piskorski, Amit Seru, and Vincent Yao. Mortgage Rates, Household Balance Sheets, and the Real Economy. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, October 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w20561.

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Benhabib, Jess, Xuewen Liu, and Pengfei Wang. Financial Markets, the Real Economy, and Self-fulfilling Uncertainties. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, September 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w24984.

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Vincenti, Nazarena, Luca Campadello, S. Pezzoli, R. Falsina, D. Chiaroni, A. Nasca, C. Proserpio, and V. Castellani. CIRCULAR HOUSING – Circular economy in the Real Estate Field. University of Limerick, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31880/10344/10173.

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Research Institute (IFPRI), International Food Policy. Climate change impacts in El Salvador’s economy: The agriculture sector. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.133211.

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Beber, Alessandro, Michael Brandt, and Kenneth Kavajecz. What Does Equity Sector Orderflow Tell Us about the Economy? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, November 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w16534.

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