Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Réalisme (mouvement littéraire) – Sénégal'
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Diouf-Keïta, Anta. "Création romanesque et mutations sociales au Sénégal : 1973-1983." Paris 12, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA120030.
Full textThe senegalese novel, written in the french language, came into being during the colonial era and, to a great extent, is conditioned by this context. The writings of the first generation of novels (1920-1930) which were largely influenced by the assimilationist ideas, have proven to closely adhere to that movement. "force bonte" by bakary diallo can be considered as its prototype. During the second world war, the anti-colonialist movements in certain countries of africa and asia, the negro renaissance proclaimed in the cultural movements, contributed to the birth of a second generation of writers towards the 1950's. This generation was able to assert itself by breaking away from the colonial mystification and by a militant style of writing the leader of this movement is ousmane sembene. The evolution of the historical context in 1960 was to instill a new dynamism in creative writing. Along with a thematic still based on "negritude", a new thematic developed, oriented to political and social criticism, since the promesses of independance soon vanished like a mirage. This change in perspective is accompanied by a "mutation of realism". While ousmane sembene pursues the tradition of "social rea
Jurga, Antoine. "Du réalisme au "réelisme" : nouvelle convergence pour la littérature contemporaine." Valenciennes, 2011. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/9eccb080-93cc-4fbb-9b1c-711cd7f17077.
Full textSince the 80s, literature is again transitive insofar that, after the autotelic 60-70 years, it gives objects back outside of the very adventure of the writing and formal games. This movement returning to the questions of its time, showing characters generally sharing strained relationship with the collective, the individual and historical memory, confrontation of reality. . . , without despise the pleasure of the fabula of the story, has a new inflection in the early third millennium. Indeed, writers who are willing to stand in the sidelines of a "confusing" literature partake of "réelisme. " It allows to implement the experience of reality. If the realist literature allowed to establish an ideology of real, literature "réelisme" allows itself a confrontation with reality. The writers of the twenty-first century writing in light of the legacy of the authors and those of the realistic touch of the post World War II. The real thing, more intrusive now the postmodern era, reduced in the creative act, the ability of resonance of the work, or erodes its scope. How to answer the call of reality today when it is as powerful and pervasive as it is today ? What literary devices are used to write with reality and produce a meeting for the reader ? We must deal with inexpressible reality but that only literature helps identify and collect in the layers of its substrate
Lochard, Yves. "Le discours sur la pauvreté dans le roman réaliste et naturaliste (1850-1914)." Paris 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA030009.
Full textIn the second half of the nineteenth century, social questions were taken into account in both politics and literature. They generated numerous social inquiries, essays and pamphlets which formed the background to novel writing at a time when popular themes were being recognized by serious literature. Essays, pamphlets and social inquiries form a discursive configuration which nurtures the realist and naturalist novel. With this constant dialogic interaction between social writings and novels as a backdrop, the actors of the charitable relationship can be listed in a paradigmatic perspective. They include the benefactors and the poor, but also the institutions which operate as collective actants. The mutations which affect the conventional thematic roles of the philanthropist and the benefactress are noticeable. The status of the pauper in fiction is similar to his status in the social discourse he remains a patient relying on helpers. The destinies of the poor confirm their statuses of patients. They are affected by fatal heredities or depend on a pathogenic environment whose metonymy suggests noxious influence. On the contrary, the benefactors shape their lives according to ethical choices or spiritual values marked by a sacrificial dimension even at the turn of the century, when traditional philanthropy tends to recede. The pauperism generates a major interdiscursive circulation between functional writings and fiction, which both handle it similarly in terms of themes, norms and methodology. However, fiction is not the mere replica of social discourse. All the likely combinations between dialogue and doxa are to be found, from fictionnal writings overdetermined by social discourse to novels which quote it ironically
Louâpre, Muriel. "La manière noire, le mal à l'oeuvre dans le roman naturaliste et décadent." Tours, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOUR2035.
Full textSahin, Can. "L'influence des écrivains français sur les doctrines littéraires des romanciers turcs de la période de la modernisation et les réalisations." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCA028.
Full textNovel is a gift to Turkish literature of the period of modernization. Changing social and political events undoubtedly affects on literary form. 19th century in the Ottoman Empire at dizzying speeds where there is a period of development and change. During this period, France is almost like a pop-up window of the Ottoman Empire in Europe. Place a thousand years of classical Turkish literature in the European model is replaced with a new understanding of literature. In this change French literature has been exemplary in litrature. In this study, the period of Reformation French influence in Turkish literature has been examined from a broader perspective. The causes of the French influence in Turkish literature and its reflections have tried to read through the first Turkish novel. For the first time in this process, beginning with the translation of the French novel of French romanticism, French realism and French naturalism led to the Turkish author. This academic endeavour is carried out on the texts of French writer of which direction they affect Turkish writer has been demonstrated in a detailed manner
Stöber, Thomas. "Le corps, le langage, la mort : énergie vitaliste et transgression littéraire dans le roman réaliste." Paris 8, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA082097.
Full textParisot, Yolaine. "Le sujet littéraire hai͏̈tien : l'importance du regard." Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040029.
Full textDuring his stay in Haiti, the land of Voodoo and a painters' retreat, Alejo Carpentier was inspired by a feeling of marvellous reality. J. S. Alexis' style of baroque alchemy gave rise to the so-called marvellous realism. But within the context of a didactic social realism, this type of perception is obscured by a dazzling symbolic transfiguration. Only the function of seeing matters, as it has the power to create a national literary space and to devote the encounter with the other to a shared vision. If the haitian sensibility can be defined as the cross between the supernatural and humour, the haitian writer nevertheless must face the difficulty of describing a land in which the fairy-like enchantement cannot match the political and economic tragedy of everyday life. The diversity of the Haitian novel originates in the permanent questioning of mimesis, and the exploration of visual processes gives evidence of a specular writing that is as much about the subject's visibility as about the inscribing of the island in a poetics of hybridity
Bender, Niklas. "La Lutte des paradigmes : la littérature entre histoire, biologie et médecine, 1850-1900 (Flaubert, Zola, Fontane)." Paris 8, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA083168.
Full textTaking its starting point in the actual discussion between natural sciences on the one hand, social sciences and humanities on the other, my thesis explores the conflict of these two forms of knowledge at the end of the nineteenth century. At that moment, cultural life is engaged in a battle opposing a historical paradigm with a biological and medical one. Two conceptions of human life are at stake: a culturalist vision which defends the historical development of mankind with its possibilities and its progress; and a naturalist vision which analyzes the determinants of a stable human nature. The two paradigms have an extraordinary importance for literature, exerting a strong influence on the depiction of romanesque characters and even on the fundamental structure of the fictional worlds. The analysis proceeds by questioning six representative novels, simultaneously allowing a comparison of the French and the German literature of the time: Salammbô and L’Éducation sentimentale by Flaubert; Nana and Germinal by Zola ; Effi Briest and Irrungen, Wirrungen by Fontane. The thesis takes a close look at their historical, medical and biological sources and analyses how they are adapted to fiction. It broadens its approach in opening historical (Michelet, Burckhardt) as well as philosophical perspectives (Nietzsche). It concludes that the relationship between literature and scientific knowledge is placed in-between two extremes: the explicit reference to biomedical and historical sources, marked by a transfer of themes and structures ; and the adaptation of a fundamental model, not clearly taken from a source but which nevertheless corresponds to a scientific mode of thought
Charlier, Marie-Astrid. "Le roman et les jours : poétiques de la quotidienneté au XIXe siècle." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON30033.
Full textIn the 19th century everyday nature takes shape as a predominant object of representation because it is a privileged looking-Glass through which society tries to make sense of its history, present existence and manners. With the advent of the media era in the 1830's, writing on everyday life tends to overlap the rhythm of days. From now on, the written representation of days is modelled on a day-To-Day pace. Brought about by the media system, this culture of periodicity will have formal consequences – poetic as well as narrative – on fiction writing and more particularly on the Realist Novel. The attachment for contemporary customs will imply for the novel not only a complete renewal of subject matters but also, above all, new images of the times and narrative techniques. As a matter of course, through its contact with media time and journalists' writings on everyday life, the Realist Novel has invented a complex everyday nature based on two fundamental poetic forms, the “quotidianisation” and the “romantisation”. However, the discovery of these two forms deriving directly from the media matrix, not only allows to reconsider new realist aesthetics but also to highlight a thematic and formal continuity between corpora that literary history tended to separate. In the end some fresh thinking of new genres is engaged. Since the quotidian presents itself as the nodal point – thematic, poetic and aesthetic – of the novel called “Realist” and brings together novels often classified in distinct corpora, why don't we call this new genre which is at the same time intertextual and intermedial, the “roman-Quotidien” which would more strictly correspond to a historical poetics of the novel?
Maubant, Yves. "Les romans des freres goncourt ou le second empire de la description." Caen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CAEN1299.
Full textGirard, Christelle. "La Comédie humaine : une poétique en fictions." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC293.
Full textThe idea of mise-en-abyme in an artistic work - whether formulated by the first German Romantics or, in a different way, by the French Romantics - gained momentum at the end of the eighteenth century and during the nineteenth century. However, paradoxically, its metatextuality did not weaken when Realist aesthetics were imposed later in the nineteenth century. The metadiscourse does not interrupt the fictional immersion, as it does in parodic novels and their avatars, but it remains, albeit in new forms that are incorporated into the fiction. Balzac embodies this trend. In this sense, we support the idea that Balzac was one of the first to transpose into a Realist contract what parodic and eccentric novelists did before him or during his time. Moreover, he assigns a reflexive purpose to the category of the novel, making a specific pact with the reader. The prologue to my thesis notes the inadequacies of the prefatory discourse on the subject of the novel. But an intentional Balzacian reflexivity is palpable through an exhaustive study of the poetic lexicon, in the first part of the thesis. The years 1839 to 1844 appear as the culmination of a meditation on the novel and as a moment when metacritical vocabulary from prefatory discourse moves towards fictional intrigues. The analysis of fictionalizations, which is the subject of the second part, supposes, then, an enrichment of the debate on the novel. The third part observes a crucial shift : Balzac no longer narratizes both the novel's hold over the reader and its reflexive power. The novel thus emancipates the reader, bringing him or her into the metatextual pact
Tacussel, Patrick. "L'avènement de la sociologie : analyse figurative des structures mentales et historiques de la pensée sociale au XIXe siècle." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05H034.
Full textWhat are the social structures and the cultural and scientific models that have presided over the birth of sociology? This thesis endeavors to answer that question by formulating the hypothesis of a figurative homology between the new conditions of social life engendered, on the one hand, by the revolution in the mentalities and the economic mutation of the first half of the nineteenth century, by the social frames of knowledge on the other. The exposition is the following: sociology has constituted itself by the conjunction of the tradition of romantic knowledge with the new meding of the paradigms of scientific rationality. Centered on survey and empirical relevance. The first volume of the research examines the situation of the social writer, a physiognomist of the human spheres of his times, through Balzac and la Comedie Humaine. The militancy of the physiologists of the new industrial world is then studied, the analysis following the lead of the saint simon school and it historical destiny, its role and ideology. A second volume is devoted to the societary theory of Charles Fourier, which blends the claims to a romantic and reformist knowledge and lays the foundation for a stringent sociological exploration of social phenomena. From a prospective angle, this research shows that the nineteenth century was the ideological laboratory of modernity, the concentric locus of the questions that human sciences still raise as they evaluate how contemporary answers and proceedings borrow from the feelings of a lingering yesterday
Guisy, Maryan. "La représentation du monde politique dans le roman au XIXe siècle." Paris 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA030066.
Full textThe realist novel which dominates 19th century literature has set itself the objective of writing the history of social customs and practice. The political world is one of the themes it tackles and this study questions its representation during a period (1815-1914) which is characterized by major institutional instability and many crises. Through the image which is projected of the actors (leaders, opponents, crowds, "public opinion"), of the places, the intrigues, the rituals, the significant historical events (revolutions, affairs) multiple tensions emerge: competition between the novelist and his characters, hesitations between the functions of writer and politician, difficulties in respecting aesthetic presuppositions with the hero’s return to favour, the reintroduction of the "novelistic" format and the use of a mannered style (symbols, metaphors). As regards the "documentary objectivity", it is often damaged by authors who venture "to take sides"
Bengochéa, Anne. "Le réalisme dickensien dans quatre traductions en français de David Copperfield." Thesis, Paris 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA030005.
Full textGiven the notion of mimesis, a principle that gave birth to the arts and is at the foundation of the practice of translation, this study proposes to analyze the translation of some significant traits of Dickensian realism in the work David Copperfield which constitutes a synthesis of a variety of aesthetics. Dickens' eighth novel is a transitional work which initiates the second period of the novelist's career. It is oriented towards a style more in line with realistic aesthetics, defined by the French artistic movement of the time. However, a distinctive originality is always revealed with force, contained in a generic hybrid welcoming figures of ambivalent realistic quality through their configuration and their poeticism. The translation of this novel presents two issues, one being the sense of historical references which constitute the background of the narrative; the other being translating an unusual free-wheeling style that is in conflict with the writing and aesthetic unity of French literary realism. Moreover, the contrastive analysis based on four unabridged translations of the work tends to provide some answers to the question of whether retranslation benefits or suffers from changes in the cultural polysystem of the host country
Czerny, Boris. "Un écrivain juif dans la littérature russe : les premières oeuvres de [Semen] Juškevič (1895-1901)." Paris 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040301.
Full textBerthelot, Sandrine. "L'esthétique de la dérision dans les romans de la période réaliste en France (1850-1870) : genèse, épanouissement et sens du grotesque." Paris 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA040141.
Full textHow can we explain the fact that French realistic novels are characterized by their derision ? Shall we state that the mimesis cannot be dissociated from the satire and parody of reality ? As a matter of fact, from reality to writing, we raise the problem of the grotesque that Victor Hugo theorized about in 1827 in the preface to Cromwell that lays the theoretical foundation stone of our research. The grotesque we will endeavour to define in the first part of this thesis refers to a new form of aesthetics that is radically opposed to the classical codes. Our curiosity as been aroused by Gustave Flaubert's novels, that bear the stamp of irony, as well as the systematic reference to the grotesque that the letter writer employs to evoke bourgeois vanity - i. E. Macaire's or Prudhomme's - or human stupidity. The grotesque also refers to farce, a feature of this era, that fascinated Edmond and Jules de Goncourt, though they loathed it. Indeed we have found it interesting to explore this aspect of the grotesque that takes on satirical overtones and sometimes metaphysical ones in novels that claim to be realistic ones. We will then focus on the first novelistic realists, that is some minor writers from the French literary movement Bohemia (e. G. , Henry Murger, Jules Husson a. K. A. Champfleury, and Louis-Edmond Duranty) who dealt with reality derisively. We will eventually discuss the flamboyant grotesque in the mid-nineteenth century novels (1850-1870) by Victor Hugo, Gustave Flaubert, and the Goncourt brothers
Teboul, Annabelle. "Le polymorphisme du héros réaliste-naturaliste chez Balzac, Flaubert, Maupassant et Zola ou le parcours initiatique d'un être oxymorique." Phd thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00935884.
Full textRaccis, Giacomo. "L’opera letteraria di Emilio Tadini." Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100031/document.
Full textThis study aims to analyze the literary work of Emilio Tadini (1927-2002). He has been a celebrated painter, but he also realized a remarkable literary course, which had not been studied at ali, any more. There's a small circle of critics who have focused Tadini's works, recognizing their value, but always in the form of the short essay.This dissertation would like to elaborate a coherent and integral interpretation ofTadini's poetics, which had to be linked to his artistic production and to the different elaborations of his literary inspiration (poetry and theatre). The effectiveness of the "realismo integrale" throughout different literary author's inclinations; the evolution of the allegorie novel scheme, from the structure to the content of his works; the different results of the agonistic confrontation between reality and representation; the original use of irony and comic formulas; the experimentation of a type of writing which tries to speak like a voice : these are the main elements of this study, which propose to place Emilio Tadini's work inside the experimental canon of contemporary ltalian literature suggested by Gianni Turchetta in 1999.Across the analysis of his novels- Le armi 1 'amore (1963), L'Opera (1980), La lunga natte (1987) , La tempesta (1993) and Eccetera (2002) -, the study follows the evolution of a narrative production founded on an original poetical and philosophical reflection, which shows Emilio Tadini as one ofthe most interesting artists and intellectuals of the ltalian XXth century
Jiang, Xiaolu. "“为人生的文学” : 茅盾写作的主体性实践." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE3080.
Full textMao Dun (茅盾, July 4, 1896 - March 27, 1981), a famous writer and theoretician of modern Chinese realism, whose writings and literary theories include the expression of human experience, the link between literature and aesthetics, and the commonalities between literature and finance. In fact, the writing of Mao Dun's realism is another social practice which closely relates to subjectivity. His writing is a construction process, aimed at finding the link between knowledge of reality and aesthetics and human desires. In other words, realism is more than a narrative that relates to reality and metaphor. As another social practice, it focuses more on the process of transforming subjectivity and knowledge which includes the relationship between self-knowledge and knowledge of reality, the universal question in typical image construction, the aesthetic question in revolutionary literature, and the influence of the capitalist system on the transformation of human subjectivity.This research aims to highlight the risk of immune strategy posed by ontological methods in the search for Chinese realism. Through the novels of Mao Dun, returning to texts and theories, studying Chinese realism means paying attention to human aesthetics and the relationship between reality and the construction of subjectivity. On this basis, realism is not a tool for accomplishing history, but rather a process of "shaping" that closely related to subjectivity. Mao Dun’s theories and novels present the capitalist system and the strategy of paralysis and transformation. They are the most effective way to counter the capitalist system and it is also an important research subject that forces to reconsider the literature of Chinese realism today
Biedma, Sabine. "Une production polygraphique, creuset d’expérimentation critique ? : l'"Œuvre" de Guillaume Colletet (1616-1658)." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOU20089.
Full textWith this study, I’ve tried to show how a polygraphic production from the early seventeenth century (the work of Guillaume Colletet, 1616-1658), shaped by non literary motives (such as social and economic factors, and the crumbling of a humanist knowledge benefitting the rising of society life), can transcend the fragmentation imposed, and this by using polygraphy as a lever for literary experimentation. In this polygraphic melting-pot, the various texts, as well as the main fields of production (poetry, translation, theory), which should have remained heterogeneous, are conscientiously related in a fertile dialogue. As a consequence, theory and practice mingle in constant interaction, in a permanent reflexive and self-criticising movement. Meanwhile, the work never stops re-writing itself. By doing so, a dialectic movement to and fro is created, holding together the various productions, and de facto making them a Work of art. Even more, as it is a movement of permanent recreation, this work prompts us to put back, not only this particular work, but also all the works of art, in their context, i.e in the gradual time of their elaboration, and more generally speaking in history. This paves the way for the elaboration of a critical literary history which is eminently modern. Enventually, such an example leads us to start a reflection in the field of the philosophy of art : what are the consequences on the idea of the Beautiful of a work which is no longer to be thought about as a monument, but as a movement?
Gacoin-Marks, Florence. "Le roman réaliste slovène de l'entre-deux-guerres dans le contexte européen." Paris 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040116.
Full textThe first part of the dissertation is concerned with novels following the 19th century realist tradition without any other influence. The first chapter presents two novels, which show a marked influence of Balzac's realism, although the impact of Duma's work is also quite strong. The second chapter is centred upon a naturalistic novel. The third chapter examines the "community novel" which developed under Zola's and Reymont's influence during the 1930's. The second part deals with novels, which move away from he European realist tradition and show other influences. In the first chapter the author discusses the decomposition of naturalist writing. The second chapter analyses the novels which were written under the influence of Knut Hamsun and other ruralist writers. The third chapter deals with the socialist turn which developed especially under the influence of Soviet literature: a generational novel, a proletarian novel, and an attempt at pure socilaist realism
Rundgren, Heta. "Vers une théorie du roman postnormâle : féminisme, réalisme et conflit sexuel chez Doris Lessing, Märta Tikkanen, Stieg Larsson et Virginie Despentes." Thesis, Paris 8, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA080145/document.
Full textSituated at the intersection between comparative literature and gender studies, this dissertation theorizes what I term the postnormâle novel. It deploys readings of four contemporary European novels along with a corpus of literary and feminist theory. The novels include Doris Lessing’s The Golden Notebook (1962), Märta Tikkanen’s Manrape (1975), Stieg Larsson’s Millenium trilogy or The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2005-2007) and Virginie Despentes’s Apocalypse baby (2010). My analysis of these texts examines the way in which the postnormâle novel reclaims social discourses of sexual difference for a mass audience while subtly displacing realist conventions in order to inscribe women’s—or lesbians’—experience of sexual conflict into the text. A four step process is used to study the work. First, I anchor the novels to a “realist real”, and study the function of detail within the postnormâle aesthetic. Then I chart the sociogram ’feminism’ in the novels and their reception. Thirdly, I read the narrative of what I call “counter-rape”, and lastly the inscription of woman-desire and the figuration—the constitution even—of entr’elles, a feminist space. The perspective of my study is postmodern, which implies a suspension—but not a disbelief—of the twofold question of literary status and literary evaluation, in order to focus on texts in their contexts. In this process, I aim to rethink the link between the notions of the feminine and the queer in light of contemporary feminist and lesbian perspectives
Boudier, Marion. "La représentation du monde sans jugement : Réalisme et neutralité dans la dramaturgie moderne et contemporaine." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENSL0796.
Full textPrejudice-free depictions of the world are the aim both of reality and of any neutral approach. They bring together works of art that show the world without inducing any commentary while exposing our opinions in all representations. We will hypothesise the concept of “neutral realism” to analyse the strategies used by dramatic arts to produce suspension of meaning. We question the existence of a tradition of dramatic authors – ranging from Tchekhov’s “clinical theater” to Brecht’s “critical theater” – that lead spectators to what Barthes termed the “astonishment upon discovering a trial-free world”. We will weigh such prejudice-free representations of the world against documentary drama and against Brecht’s critical realism. Such a comparison will evidence a paradigm shift where an explicit, committed type of modelling seems to give way to a more open interpretative experience. From Horváth to daily-life authors and to Fleisser, Adamov, Kroetz and other contemporary re-inventors of “quasi- documentary-style” drama, the question can be thus articulated: how do such illustrative aesthetics succeed in circumventing both merely superficial symptomatology of the world and the misunderstandings that might arise from the decision of leaving the viewer to judge the work on their own? The answer to the question guides our analysis of the dramatic arts’ decentering of realism, through which another vision of the responsibility of the dramatic author emerges, as well as a new take on the political nature of a neutral approach. The works and reflections of M.Vinaver, O. Hirata, J. Pommerat and L. Norén evidence four aspects of this “neutral realism”, ranging from the cancellation of meaning to multifaceted meaning and to troubled, disconnected or awed spectators
Kohnen, Myriam. "Figures du Polygraphe. Zola, Daudet, Malot (1855-1880)." Thesis, Paris 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA030070.
Full textWhen asked about the three authors Zola, Daudet and Malot, most only know Les Rougon-Macquart, the stories, the novellas as well as the popular novels. Their works however show a much larger variety, which is the result of their careers as writers and journalists. Like their most famous predecessors Balzac, Hugo and Stendhal, they tried to become established in the world of journalism before becoming renowned writers. Just like Vallès, the brothers Goncourt, Baudelaire and Banville, the trio also assumed this initial step would guarantee the autonomy of the literary man. But it was not only the rise in press publication, the technical development and the growth of their readership that forced them to use their talents in multiple ways. The big cities awoke their interest in the social morals, the political and artistic events of their time, so much so that their reports from Paris or London become inspiration for certain novels. The three curious observers carried out research in the streets, at the same time creating a language based on reality and adapted both to the journalistic and the literary genre. From a pavement conversation in La Rue, Le Boulevard, Le Figaro or L'Événement illustré, they arrived at a modern conception of creation, certain aspects of which resemble the techniques used by the Impressionist painters and press illustrators of the "Second Empire". Beyond its social and historical meaning, the evolution of their careers thus highlights the importance of their work and the symbolic status of the writer and also reveals the impact of the first writings on the aesthetics of the three more "modern" novelists
Da, Silva Frédéric. "Aux confins du naturalisme : Paul Bonnetain (1858-1899)." Paris 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA030156.
Full textPaul Bonnetain is a forgotten writter, although his two first novels, Charlot s’amuse (1883) and L’Opium (1886), are still famous because of their outrancies. He had a rich life made of various experiences and far away travels which feed his imagination. In 1881, he begins in parisan press and raises quickly to the most famous news papers, among others with his short stories which conciliate Realism and Exotism. His career was punctuated with ambiguities and contradictories statements and his litteraries influences are both numerous and various. If his admiration for Edmond de Goncourt remains the same, the fervent disciple of Émile Zola he was, renounced Naturalism with crashes, as instigator of the “Manifeste des Cinq” in 1887. Although he was a great figure of the litterary word of his time and recognized for his lively and coloured style, he left Paris to take up a colonial career. Paul Bonnetain explorated unkown geographic spacies and found news litteraries horizons too. For all these reasons, his works must be discovered
Malaval, Charline. "Un voyage au cœur de l’homme dans l’entre-deux-guerres : "Voyage au bout de la nuit" de Louis-Ferdinand Céline et "Babylonische Wanderung" d’Alfred Döblin." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOU20052/document.
Full textDuring the interwar years, many intellectuals have travelled to delimit the impact of the crisis that shook the century in the aftermath of the World War I. Celine and Döblin brought an unprecedented and particular questioning on this issue. In "Voyage au bout de la nuit" and "Babylonische Wanderung" both authors used the novel to question what it means to be a human being, from this moment. A Literature crisis has echoed the disenchantment known by the post-war world and both authors translated it through fictional games, through the diverting of travel-related patterns and through liberties taken with the aesthetic conventions of representations of reality. Opening the boundaries of reality by burlesque or fantastic tonalities borrowed from a surreal sphere, Celine and Döblin questioned the flawed nature of the human kind. This work aims at underlining the singularity of the characters’ look upon the world and how they explored a reality surpassing during their numerous travels. By doing so, they expressed the experimentation spirit that dominated the thought in the interwar years at different level (political, ideological, medical, scientific etc.), and this, contributed to define their literary style. Facing the wide range of monstrosities revealed both by the experimentation of reality and by the surreal sphere, Celine and Döblin offer a cynical position. Two cynical options, from one author to the other, stand out from their travels and experiences: the antic one and the modern one. This work highlights the literary embodiment of the novel crisis by analysing how is made the experience of going beyond reality, which pioneers significantly the foundations of the crisis of humanism values
Adachi, Kazuhiko. "La genèse de l’esthétique réaliste de Maupassant jusqu’à Une vie : la naissance d’un écrivain." Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040189.
Full textWhen was a writer born? We try to answer this question in the case of Guy de Maupassant (1850-1893). We examine at first his young works, left in the 1870s, such as the poetry, the theater plays and the prose, in which Maupassant rejects the sentimental romanticism, and expresses his materialistic vision of the world, by growing attached to the body and to the nature. In these poetic exercises, he acquires the impressionistic descriptive art as well as his own literary principles such as originality and independence. Then, we consider the conversion of the poet to the prose-writer, by focusing on the “Boule de suif” (1880). When the poet throws his eyes around him, he can finally objectivize his own vision. The prose allows him to socialize his critical eye. The discovery of this potentiality of the prose is followed by that of the journalism, which helps our writer to enlarge his literary world. By following stage by stage the journalistic activity of Maupassant, we notice the consolidation of his realistic aesthetics, where to make really and to make beautiful are only one, the aesthetics and the ethics uniting firmly. Furthermore, by uniting the news item and the fiction, he finds in the brief narrative his own literary shape susceptible to touch the reader. Finally Une vie (1883), the first novel, collecting all the characteristics of the prose of Maupassant, represents completely his personal vision of the world, disenchanted and pessimistic. Our study allows us to understand that the birth of a writer is not made in one day. By following the career of the writer, we can enlighten the meanings of the experiments and of the maturity of a man
Thiltges, Sebastian. "Paysages silencieux dans le roman réaliste (1850-1900)." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAC028.
Full textIn search of silent landscapes or of the silence of the landscape, this thesis explores a wide open corpus of realistic novels published in France, in England and in the German-speaking countries between 1850-1900. This comparative reading represents a literary journey looking for a particular type of landscape, not with geographical connotation, but perceived as an imaginary and sensitive space. Against the romantic commonplace of silent landscape, "realistic" silence often appears as an attempt Io muzzle the romantic voices, while demonstrating that realism reinvents the relationship between the human being and the natural world, between the subject and the object of perception. Abrogating the hegemony of the visual and the verbal, uniting objective and humanist observation, establishing a relation between the landscape and the reader, silence allows Io discover unexplored spaces and guarantees the experience of a new reading, as the attempt to listen to the natural and textual worlds
Petereit, Elisabeth. "Beunruhigungen vom Rand ˸ Weiblichkeit, Phantastisches und Ornament in der Literatur des deutschsprachigen Realismus (Keller, Storm, Fontane)." Thesis, Paris 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA030054.
Full textThis dissertation offers an analysis of canonical texts from German literary realism using the anxiety that is felt by readers and writers in what constitutes the margins of realist literature in the 19th century: the feminine, the fantastic and ornamentations.These aesthetic, anthropologic and social categories are linked as they are all defined by a binary opposition that turns them into the Other or the Inessential: male-female, reality-fantastic, art-ornamentation. The hierarchy upon which these oppositions are built is however not that stable as these elements at the margin do trouble and replace what constitutes the society’s normative core. The fantastic elements in the works of the authors are used as constituting materials to engage the literary discussion on present and real social problems at the time of writing. The relationships between the sexes and genders which were so clearly described in the bourgeois era are seen as ambivalent and in motion.The three parts of this dissertation provide an in-depth analysis of the works of Theodor Fontane, Gottfried Keller and Theodor Storm. The first section of the work will focus on the figure of the woman as an aesthetic which is both captured and fixed in the image. It will show that this idealised and pictured feminine becomes the catalyst for unbridled and unruly imagination. Then, the traditional roles and behaviours within patriarchal marriage will then be shown to be largely inspired by literary tradition, and in particular in the myths and the fairy-tale (Penelope, Cinderella, the Witch, etc.). Lastly, the relationships between the ideal bourgeois family and the patriarchal family will be analysed in the work of Fontane and Storm. As the era of German realist literature ended, patriarchal marriage was haunted by the ghosts of gender roles, which however obsolete, were still predominant. This paradox made families unheimlich in the Freudian sense
Berkery, Charlotte. "Imaginaire et poésie nocturnes de Paris : la nuit parisienne dans les productions culturelles de la monarchie de juillet." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UNIP7085.
Full textThe nineteenth-century Paris night is summed up in a repertoire of « scenes » inscribed in novels, panoramic literature and newspaper images. The nocturnal mindset associated with the period of the July Monarchy in particular is revealed in these canonical texts, as well as little- consulted documents, penned by relatively obscure authors. Engravers and caricaturists, novelists and commentators all served as witnesses of, as well as participants in, the nocturnal capital. This thesis examines the imaginary and the poetics surrounding the nocturnal city, from depictions of the crowds thronging the boulevards to the evocations of the solitary noctambule on a voyage of self- discovery. Also scrutinised are the social types of the chiffonnier, the prostitute and the criminal. The poetics of this urban and nocturnal imaginary is located in between a Romanticism of nocturnal impressionism and fantasmagoria, and conversely a realism that highlights the social structures of the night
Kern, Matthias. ""L'amour du peuple" : esthétique populiste et imaginaire du populaire dans la culture française de l'entre-deux-guerres." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0152.
Full textThe cultural production of the interwar period in France is noted for its renewed interest in the representation of social issues which shake the everyday life of the French population : work and urban misery become the main subjects in literature, photography and cinema, especially in the period between 1928 and 1939. In view of the financial crisis, labour strikes and the rise of the Front Populaire, the artistic field reacts with a renovation of realist representation styles, which should lead to a questioning of the nature of ‘people’, of the underlying social connections in the masses and of the place of popular traditions in a modernized way of life. In the ambit of literature, a short-lived movement of novel writers dominates the discussions from 1929 onwards: the populist novel, a movement founded in a manifesto written by Léon Lemonnier. This movement becomes quickly the backround for a further discussion about the needs for a renewed literary realism or naturalism. Simultaneously, the group for proletarian literature, founded by Henry Poulaille, follows the same aesthetics and claims to be the real representants of the working people by giving workers the occasion to publish. Both groups, as well as many other authors close to the literary populism, try to renew the novel by describing the ‘people’ and their living conditions. In this context, the notion ‘people’ is opposed to the bourgeoisie and its ‘psychologic’ or ‘snobby’ writing style. Thus, resorting to the term ‘people’ means first and foremost that the creator subscribes to an anti-bourgeois aesthetics, but also to an anti-modernist mindset – which distinguishes populism from the French avantgardes. It means furthermore that the creator strengthens a conception of everyday life marked by poverty which should correspond to the experiences of a majority of the French population. This thesis tries to bring out the elements of such an imagination of the ‘people’ on the basis of the artistic criticism and of the analysis of several novels written by authors who are more or less associated to the populist novel movement: Pierre Mac Orlan, Eugène Dabit, André Thérive, Marcel Aymé and Henry Poulaille. The thesis goes then on to highlight the survival of aesthetic elements of populism in the cinema of poetic realism and in French documentary photography which marks the beginning of humanist photography. By doing so, the thesis represents a sociocritical contribution to the history of ideas of the French interwar period and indicates the ideological traps of aesteticization of terms like ‘little people’ or ‘people’ in general
Zawiślak-Hanotte, Anna. "« Une espèce de Julien Sorel, mâtiné de Rastignac ». L’apparition des personnages d’arrivistes dans le roman français, polonais et anglais du XIXe siècle, 1830-1914." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL096.
Full textBy the use of the word arriviste, the hero of the Nineteen-Century novels is often reduced to his psychological portrait of a timeless character, ruthlessly seeking his aim. Nevertheless, the role that he plays in the history of literature is more important. The model of the arriviste was created at the same time as the modern realist novel, even if the term itself only appeared in 1893. The arriviste characterises a posteriori a whole generation of heroes, beginning with Stendhal’s and Balzac’s novels. Inspired by the social changes and the now-mythical example of Napoleon, the arriviste is a hero that mirrors the national and contemporary society, as the twenty-six novels of the corpus exemplify it. He is also a figure of displacement that facilitates a panoramic view on the society and a construction of the realist narrative. As a hero of a modern tale, the arriviste follows a course on which his story is based. He becomes a modern Argonaut searching for a new Golden Fleece: social success. The career of a literary arriviste raises questions about narratology and his relationship with the reader. The scene of first appearance of the character enables the narrator to kindle the reader’s first impressions that influence the general comprehension of the protagonist. A triple perspective of the comparative narratology, the effects of the work’s reception and the research in social psychology reveals the narrative schemes used by the narrator. Therefore, the success of the arriviste goes beyond the diegetic world. It means also his longevity in the collective memory as a literary type and as a word that describes him
Termin arywista, używany do określenia postaci z powieści dziewiętnastowiecznej, często redukuje ją do portretu psychologicznego ponadczasowego bohatera, który zmierza do celu bez najmniejszych skrupułów. Jednakże jego rola w historii literatury jest znacznie istotniejsza. Wzór arywisty powstaje w tym samym czasie, co nowoczesna powieść realistyczna, mimo tego, iż sam termin pojawia się dopiero w 1893r. Arywista charakteryzuje a posteriori całe pokolenie postaci literackich, począwszy od bohaterów Stendhala i Balzaka. Inspirowany zmianami społecznymi oraz na wpół mityczną historią Napoleona, arywista jest bohaterem, który ukazuje współczesne społeczeństwo, co widoczne jest w każdej z dwudziestu sześciu powieści z naszego korpusu. Jest on również symbolem przemieszczania się, który ułatwia panoramiczne spojrzenie na społeczeństwo oraz konstrukcję narracji realistycznej. Niczym bohater współczesnej baśni, arywista podąża szlakiem, który stanowi podstawę intrygi powieści. Staje się on współczesnym argonautą, w poszukiwaniu nowego Złotego Runa – sukcesu społecznego. Kariera powieściowego arywisty zachęca również do refleksji narratologicznej oraz stawia problem relacji z czytelnikiem. Scena pierwszego pojawienia się postaci pozwala ona narratorowi na wywołanie pierwszych wrażeń, które wpływają na ogólne rozumienie protagonisty. Potrójna perspektywa narratologii porównawczej, efektów odbioru dzieła i badań z zakresu psychologii społecznej, uwypukla procesy narracyjne używane przez narratora. Tym samym, sukces arywisty wychodzi poza świat diegezy. Jest nim także jego miejsce w pamięci kolektywnej jako typ literacki, jak również kariera lingwistyczna słowa, które go definiuje
Ghesmatitabrizi, Vahid. "Une approche sociocritique de" Voyage au bout de la nuit" de Louis Ferdinand-Céline." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2107.
Full textThis work follows an objective: to show and to demonstrate the fact that in the said of the text everything is not said. The journey of the character on three continents and the structure of episodic novel writing contribute to the distortion of the hegemony of a single discourse. To this must be added the fragmentation of space which, as a process both aesthetic and strategic, allows the novelist to escape from the discursive grasp of an ideology that claims to be ubiquitous. This work envisages the narrator, not as a constituted otherness, but as a composite figure made up of the heterogeneous thoughts of the novelist. This figure contains a great reserve of contradictions. We try to recognize in the text the intermittencies of saying and of silence: heterogeneous elements which unfold on a grid of nuances between alienation, disgust and poetry.In the same way that space vacillates between poetry and the prosaic world, the semantic poles of the text, aesthetic and ideological, change borders. Semantic units are transformed into slippery alterity that tend to escape from the process of conceptualization. Unlike any idealistic critical approach which claims to reach the absolute meaning of the object by trying to merge work and life, we show how the aesthetic sense follows its crest path. We approach the concept of heterogeneity not as a purely aesthetic concept that characterizes the framework of Celine's writing but as a spirit underlying the Celinian intellectual universe. Through the use of various methods, Céline's style illustrates the semantic vacillation between alienation and liberation, between commitment and disengagement, between affirmation and denigration
François, Noémie. "Concha Alós , une remise en lumière nécessaire." Thesis, Pau, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PAUU1001.
Full textThis thesis aims at placing the writer Concha Alós (1922-2011) in the limelight again and at reevaluating her production. As a writer revealed under Franco’s regime, she received an important media and cultural recognition in the 60s and 70s but suffers today from an almost general indifference. The purpose of this PhD dissertation is to provide – for the first time – a comprehensive study of Concha Alós’s personal and professional path and, in a more fine-grained way, her aesthetic work. After a careful review of a large number of documents (published or not, edited, etc.) and private archives, I retrace the trajectory of a Spanish woman writer in a country shackled by dictatorship, position her amongst her contemporaries, determine the reasons for her oblivion and analyze her productions which appear under the form of narratives, newspaper articles and scenarios. The study’s aim is to update our knowledge of a committed woman, whose caustic pen, direct style and powerful themes today deserve to be rehabilitated
Panter, Marie. "Le roman, poème du monde. Victor Hugo, Theodor Fontane, Thomas Hardy." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENSL0856.
Full textThis thesis deals with the poetics of the novel in Victor Hugo, Theodor Fontane and Thomas Hardy, with a specific focus on The Man who Laughs (1869), Trials and Tribulations (1888) and Tess of the d'Urbervilles (1891). By bringing together these three novelists who are widely acknowledged as major writers yet ignored by general theories of the novel, this study will show how a vision of the modern novel as a poetic rendition of reality, with an idealist, progressive and critical background, has maintained itself. Hugo, Fontane and Hardy, three novelists who considered themselves to be poets first and foremost, opted to turn the novel into a tragedy, a poetic rendition of reality which stands in contrast with Lukacs’ post-Hegelian theories of the modern novel as a prosaic literary genre. In the face of nihilism and the theories of the realist novel which surfaced in the second half of the XIXth century and attempted to define – in the restrictive sense of the word – the genre of the novel, they turned back to the model of the Romantic novel and reinvented it at a time when the realist novel was preeminent. Their poetics was therefore based on the “poietisation” of prose, in other words, based on the imaginary, the symbolic and the metaphoric. This enabled them to assert the specificity and possibility of a poetic, that is to say subjective, heroic and moral experience of the world, as well as the ability of the novel to generate poetical knowledge about the world and history