Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Réalisme/realism'
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Ruyant, Quentin. "L'empirisme modal." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1S117/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis dissertation is to propose a novel position in the debate on scientific realism, modal empiricism, and to show its fruitfulness when it comes to interpreting the cognitive content of scientific theories. Modal empiricism is an empiricist position, according to which the aim of science is to produce empirically adequate theories rather than true theories. However, it suggests adopting a broader comprehension of experience than traditional versions of empiricism, through a commitment to natural modalities. Following modal empiricism, there are possibilities in nature, and constraints on what is possible, and a theory is empirically adequate if it correctly delimits the range of possible experiences. The position rests on a situated and pragmatic conception of natural modalities and of empirical confrontation. We claim that it can do justice to the empirical success of science, while not falling prey to the problem of theory change that undermines scientific realism. We explain how constraints of necessity on phenomena can be known by induction, and how this modal epistemology fits with scientific practice. Finally, we claim that a commitment to natural modalities allows for a rich interpretation of the cognitive content of theories. Modal empiricism could renew some metaphysical debates within a pragmatist framework, by tying them to experience and not being constrained by realist prejudices
Soussen, Quentin. "Une défense du quasi-réalisme épistémique." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0052.
Full textThis thesis presents a defence of quasi-realism regarding norms of belief. The main metaethic theories are explored in relation to metaethical relativism (i.e. are normative jugements on beliefs to be considered true in a relative sense or not ?). The different arguments in favour of metaethical relativism and non-relativist theories regarding norms of belief are scrutinized before considering several forms of realisms asserting the truth of certain normative judgements on belief norms because of the existence of susbtantial normative facts. After pointing out the limits of these theories, several expressivist answers to relativism will be developed and come to a quasi-realist answer which lead to two statements : first, normative judgements are endowed with truth-aptness in order to regulate our attitudes in individual thinking and collective discussion - secondly, the truth we attribute to normative judgements is an absolute truth
Deroy, Ophelia. "Peirce, le pragmatisme et les Grecs : dépendance à la réponse généralisée et réalisme." Thesis, Paris Est, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PEST0085.
Full textThis thesis examines arguments taken from Peirce’s reading in Ancient philosophy, which could be used to block accusations of relativism being latent in a pragmatist conception of belief and concepts. The argument lies in the articulation of the two conceptions and their compatibility with a realist view
Charlier, Marie-Astrid. "Le roman et les jours : poétiques de la quotidienneté au XIXe siècle." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON30033.
Full textIn the 19th century everyday nature takes shape as a predominant object of representation because it is a privileged looking-Glass through which society tries to make sense of its history, present existence and manners. With the advent of the media era in the 1830's, writing on everyday life tends to overlap the rhythm of days. From now on, the written representation of days is modelled on a day-To-Day pace. Brought about by the media system, this culture of periodicity will have formal consequences – poetic as well as narrative – on fiction writing and more particularly on the Realist Novel. The attachment for contemporary customs will imply for the novel not only a complete renewal of subject matters but also, above all, new images of the times and narrative techniques. As a matter of course, through its contact with media time and journalists' writings on everyday life, the Realist Novel has invented a complex everyday nature based on two fundamental poetic forms, the “quotidianisation” and the “romantisation”. However, the discovery of these two forms deriving directly from the media matrix, not only allows to reconsider new realist aesthetics but also to highlight a thematic and formal continuity between corpora that literary history tended to separate. In the end some fresh thinking of new genres is engaged. Since the quotidian presents itself as the nodal point – thematic, poetic and aesthetic – of the novel called “Realist” and brings together novels often classified in distinct corpora, why don't we call this new genre which is at the same time intertextual and intermedial, the “roman-Quotidien” which would more strictly correspond to a historical poetics of the novel?
Hoarau, Charlotte. "Représentations cartographiques intermédiaires : comment covisualiser une carte et une orthophotographie pour naviguer entre abstraction et réalisme ?" Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC1011/document.
Full textTwo representations of the territory are widely provided simultaneously to the user through interactive tools (such as magnifiers, sliders or swipes): topographic maps and orthoimages. They provide complementary visions of the territory because of abstraction steps used to design maps and the intrisic perceived photorealism power of orthoimages. Aiming at providing efficient covisualizations of these two representations to the user, we advise not to search for an ideal graphic mix, but to produce a cartographic continuum composed of in-between representations mixing topographic data and orthoimagery. Our objective is to provide interactive tools allowing to choose an intermediate step within the continuum by controling the realism and abstraction levels. Our approach is based on three principles: first, the need for local adaptation of vector data symbolisation to preserve their readability, second, the call for graphic transitions to establish a continuity through in-between cartographic representations, and third the required control over realism level in order to ensure a visual consistency of hybrid visualisations. We provide elementary symbolisation methods to be combined in a global design process. The first one aims at interpolating SLD symbolisation parameters such as color, opacity or texturing between two symbolisations. The second one aims at defining a local symbolisation depending on the graphic context of objects to be highlighted. Those symbolisations are combined for each theme and synchronized for all themes. For these design steps, we provide guidelines based on the evaluation of the realism level coming from our user test. Finally we build a prototype software allowing to test our propositions and browse in-between representations from abstraction to realism through an interactive slider
Perroud, Benoit. "Immersion visuelle réaliste : proposition d'un modèle d'évaluation." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ENAM0060/document.
Full textThe thesis "Hyper-realistic and multi-sensorial 3D visual immersion" was carried out within the framework of a CIFRE contract established between Arts et Métiers on the one hand and Renault SAS on the other. It proposes a score model to objectively evaluate the ability of an immersive display system to reproduce the right level of sensory stimulation for a user, compared to what he would receive in reality and to the modeling of the human visual system.First, we were interested in laying the foundations of the model: it is composed of twelve criteria, equitably divided into a sum of vision indices and immersion indices. Each criterion is given, as far as possible, a score from 0 to 100. A score of 0 represents the visual system’s inability to perceive or use visual information, while a score of 100 represents maximum capacity. A score of 80 is also assigned for standard performance. Each criterion is assigned a weight according to the task performed in the virtual environment.We then carry out a series of experiments to complete the information available in the literature, to establish the criteria. Contrast and latency are of particular interest. The first experiment consists in the transposition and validation of a visual performance model in Virtual Reality. In the second, we compare the effects of latency on a given task, between a CAVE simulator and a HMD.The thesis proposes a number of theoretical, methodological and experimental results. In virtual immersion conditions, contrast and luminance criteria are important for visual perception. Experiments show that a model adapted to virtual immersion conditions is necessary. Furthermore, we show that thresholds of latency influence on performance seem to exist. The relevance of correlations between simulator performance, presence and cyber-sickness is also checked, depending on the latency and the immersive system
Gide, Benoît. "L’existence des corps chez Strawson, Hume et Reid : généalogie d’un traitement naturaliste du scepticisme." Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01H200.
Full textStarting with a distinction between the motives for, the suggestion of external world skepticism, and the demand for a proof or demonstration of the existence of bodies, we first try to analyse the naturalist response to skepticism, as defined and endorsed by Peter Strawson, asking to what category it must belong in order to be maximally efficient. Identifying it to a concessive theoretical diagnosis (part 1), we then question Strawson’s claim that his naturalist treatement of external world skepticism can also be found in Hume as well as in Reid. Underlying Hume’s endeavours to define a mitigated skepticism as the correction of the undistinguished doubts of excessive skepticim by common sense and reflection (part 2), we are led to see how closer is Reid’s criticism of skepticism and defence of common sense realism, in their own context, to Strawson’s epistemic naturalism (part 3)
Moss, Laura F. E. "An infinity of alternate realities, reconfiguring realism in postcolonial theory and fiction." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0004/NQ31944.pdf.
Full textKawarabayashi, Akiko. "L'"écriture de la vie" (seikatsu tsuzurikata), une pédagogie du réalisme dans l'expression de soi au cœur de l'institution scolaire japonaise (1912-2012 )." Thesis, Paris, INALCO, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014INAL0012.
Full textThe pedagogy called seikatsu tsuzurikata was developed after 1912 within the «Taishô liberal education movement» (Taishô jiyû kyôiku). During this period, many private schools were established on the basis of the ideas of the «New Education» imported from West. In several public schools also, some young «progressive» teachers tried to develop one pedagogy that could help the children to express more freely in their writing. The composition (tsuzurikata) was in those days the only class that had no obligation to use the textbook screened by the government. Therefore, this class offered the teachers the possibilities to do some experiments relatively freely. Although the oppression by the government before and during the Second World War, this method was elaborated enough to survive in the Japanese classes after the War until the present time. We will study in this thesis the historical context in which emerged this form of education which aims at a holistic development of children, that is to say, both intellectually (knowledge) and emotional (personality). The question that will guide us in this study will be to understand both how and why this pedagogy succeeded to develop in an educational system which, because of the principles and objectives on which it was developed from the Meiji era (1868-1912), was a priori supposed to reject it
Braverman, Charles. "Kant, philosophe français du XIXe siècle : entre science, philosophie et épistémologie." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0399.
Full textKantian studies can look at Kant’s body of work, as well as the way it was received and how it has contributed to the emergence of original philosophical reflections. This thesis examines the latter path, through the peculiar prism of circulation between science, philosophy and epistemology. The goal is therefore to show how scholars understood and used Kant. Ampère, Brunschvicg, Comte, Couturat, Gergonne, Lacroix, Léchalas, Littré, Milhaud, Poincaré, Renouvier, Rey, Ribot, Paul Tannery, Wronski and Wyrouboff are but a few examples of more or less renowned thinkers with a scientific education who used Kant. However, rather than offering a litany of studies dedicated to these scholars, this thesis follows the main circulation networks of pictures and uses of Kantianism all through the XIX century in France. From the Prussian Academy of Sciences to the Francophone reviews at the end of the century, references to Kant were being more and more institutionalized, which implied many interactions between science, philosophy and epistemology. However, Kant was notably used to acknowledge the importance of the subject’s activity in constituting knowledge and to raise the epistemological issue of correspondence between representations and reality. The concept of realism was then given a bit of a stretch. Several scholars seized Kantianism to build up original philosophical options, which rethought the connections and oppositions between empiricism, idealism and skepticism. For instance, a form of structural realism associated with a reflection on belief and probabilities appeared as soon as the beginning of the XIX century. It can be found, for example, under various forms in Ampère, Cournot or even Tannery. Moreover, Kantianism was used as a philosophical melting pot to think out the founding principles of sciences. Geometry and arithmetic were at the heart of the debates. It was especially the case at the end of the century, thanks to the rebirth of Non-Euclidian geometries and the development of links between mathematics and logic. However, these problematics had roots that were older and the matrices of Kant’s uses emerged as soon as the beginning of the century. Finally, it is not uncommon to observe that scholars used Kant to think out rational mechanics or even cosmology. As such, this study reports how references to Kant worked to think out these sciences. According to these perspectives, Kant is indeed an influential actor in epistemology and philosophy of science in the XIX century in France
Lévi, Ide. "Réalisme moral ou volontarisme théologique ? : le problème de l’objectivité des valeurs et des normes morales en contexte théiste (perspectives médiévales et contemporaines)." Thesis, Paris, EPHE, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EPHE5078.
Full textAccording to the common version of the “Euthyphro dilemma”, it is generally considered that when theists try to describe the relation between God and morality, they must either opt for theological voluntarism or for hard objectivism (moral realism, in particular). According to the first option, fundamental moral statuses depend essentially on God’s contingent, or even necessary, will. According to the second, God acts in conformity to an objective (and necessary) moral order that is in itself independent of His will, as it is of any kind of pro-attitude, will or desire, at least for the most fundamental and prior moral statuses (and moral properties are consequential upon nonmoral ones, if not reducible to them). I argue here for the existence of a third possibility for theists, rejecting the metaethical externalism assumed by the first two options. According to this third option, it is not the case that objects, state of affairs, actions or persons can have value or generate obligations to us independently of all our pro-attitudes and of the ends we are inclined to pursue. I propose a defence, against realist objections in particular, of a universalist (or non relativist) version of that metaethical position and try to show its compatibility with classical theism : the anti-objectivist natural law theory, according to which values and norms relevant for us depend on our motivational set, depending on our – universally shared – natural inclinations or essential dispositions to love and pursue certain ends (or possibly one ultimate end) preferently to others, and to find our completion and happiness in them (in it)
Renaudo, Gérard. "Des sciences pour nous comprendre : vérité et réalisme dans les pratiques de sciences humaines." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00927762.
Full textLabé, Benjamin. "Le réalisme cinématographique et sa réinvention dans la fiction contemporaine : [Abbas Kiarostami, Hou Hsiao-Hsien, Nanni Moretti, Dogme 95]." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO20104.
Full textThe cinema of 1990’s and 2000’s is sometimes described as a return to reality, including new realistic trends. Realism is a compound and complex concept, which presents a galaxy of relative and historical meanings : the word can appoint at the same time a general trend of art, the special representative capacities of a medium, a historical artistic movement, but also the global efficiency of an oeuvre or, within this one, a particular quality of the narrative or style. To study the realism of an art for a period so implies the understanding of the characteristics of this art, its links with the general artistic realism, the examination of the theories related to the current realism, finally the analysis of works. To understand realism in the contemporary fiction, this thesis thus proposes a theoretical delimitation of the notion for cinema, aiming at a typology of the various meanings. One can then study the novelty of contemporary aesthetical realism, by analyzing narrative constructions of some various directors’ movies (Nanni Moretti, Hou Hsiao-hsien, Abbas Kiarostami, and two Dogme 95 films), then by examining their common stylistic features
Raccis, Giacomo. "L’opera letteraria di Emilio Tadini." Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100031/document.
Full textThis study aims to analyze the literary work of Emilio Tadini (1927-2002). He has been a celebrated painter, but he also realized a remarkable literary course, which had not been studied at ali, any more. There's a small circle of critics who have focused Tadini's works, recognizing their value, but always in the form of the short essay.This dissertation would like to elaborate a coherent and integral interpretation ofTadini's poetics, which had to be linked to his artistic production and to the different elaborations of his literary inspiration (poetry and theatre). The effectiveness of the "realismo integrale" throughout different literary author's inclinations; the evolution of the allegorie novel scheme, from the structure to the content of his works; the different results of the agonistic confrontation between reality and representation; the original use of irony and comic formulas; the experimentation of a type of writing which tries to speak like a voice : these are the main elements of this study, which propose to place Emilio Tadini's work inside the experimental canon of contemporary ltalian literature suggested by Gianni Turchetta in 1999.Across the analysis of his novels- Le armi 1 'amore (1963), L'Opera (1980), La lunga natte (1987) , La tempesta (1993) and Eccetera (2002) -, the study follows the evolution of a narrative production founded on an original poetical and philosophical reflection, which shows Emilio Tadini as one ofthe most interesting artists and intellectuals of the ltalian XXth century
Mistreanu, Diana. "Andreï Makine et la cognition humaine. Pour une transbiographie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC0085.
Full textThis dissertation proposes a systematic analysis of Andreï Makine’s oeuvre. We read his prose through the prism of cognitive literary studies, a recent theoretical and methodological field which explores the interaction between literary interpretation on the one hand, and the human brain and mind on the other. We focus on the depiction of the affect, the imagination and the limits of cognition, while pinpointing, at the same time, the narrative techniques and the stylistic devices that contribute to create a work whose goal is not only to illustrate reality, but also to transfigure it. Thus, we analyse Makine’s novels from a dynamic perspective, asking what impact they could have on the reader, and proposing an innovative hypothesis concerning the relation between the author and his literary output. According to this hypothesis, the writer’s work is not autobiographical (according to Philippe Lejeune’s definition of the concept of autobiography) nor autofictional (Vincent Colonna), and it requires the coining of a new concept able to define it. We call this concept – which consists of the conscious and recurrent recreation of a meaningful autobiographical event through the means of literary fiction – a “transbiography”
Robert, Manuel. "Identité et alterité dans l'oeuvre de Hubert Selby Jr." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENL002/document.
Full textThe goal of this study is to situate Hubert Selby Jr.'s work in the literary canon, to eschew the very notion of "canon", and show how Selby's style belongs with the styles of those who transcend the literary tradition of "realism". Secondly, we will look at his characters, and define what makes them avatars of the same transcendental personality. In the end, the "tragic realism" of Selby will be described as a new version of an old myth
Michel, Bruno. "Abelard, lecteur de Boèce : entre réalisme et nominalisme, la critique du logicisme boécien dans les oeuvres logiques de Pierre Abélard." Thesis, Tours, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOUR2037/document.
Full textBoethius claims to have definitively solved the two great aporias of the corpus of Aristotelian Iogic, the universal aporia and the aporia of contingent futures. l demonstrate that Abelard,Through his critique of reales calls into question these two solutions and substitutes two distinctions that he wanted to he aporetique - between res and status on the one band andand dictum propositionis on the other hand - born of Abelard's recognition of the fictional character of the two Boetian solutions to the great aporias of the Aristotelician logical corpus. The two. distinctions pave the way for a profoundly new kind of philosophical reasoning,which this text mtends to describe
Kopeczky, Rhona. "Le Cercle de Zugló. Un groupe informel d’artistes abstraits en Hongrie entre 1958 et 1968 : antécédents, activité et résonance (1945-1990)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040143/document.
Full textThis study examines the activity of a Hungarian avant-garde artistic circle named Zugló Circle, formed by young abstract painters and sculptors. Working in a self-taught way, this informal group gathered the artists Imre Bak, Tibor Csiky, Sándor Csutoros, Pál Deim, János Fajó, Tamás Hencze, Endre Hortobágyi, Sándor Molnár and István Nádler, and existed from 1958 to 1968, during the communist period in Hungary. Through the analysis of its theoretical and stylistic antecedents going back the European School and the Group of abstract artists (1945-1948) until its resonance in the new painterly wave of the eighties named New Sensitivity, the author determines the importance, the ethical value of the abstract production of the Zugló Circle in the Hungarian artistic landscape, which at the time was isolated and dominated by the cultural politics ideology of socialist realism.Putting the young artists’ approach in a theoretical and stylistic perspective, the author defines on one hand to which extent it wished to be the intellectual and artistic heir of the older generation of the Hungarian avant-garde, of constructivist orientation. On the other hand, this perspective also sheds light on how the Zugló Circle differentiates from its spiritual fathers, through the introduction and adoption of the French lyrical abstraction and later the American geometrical abstraction. It also reveals the will to redefine a Hungarian artistic identity and to reinsert it in an international context and stream
Preda, Colegiu Roxana Natalia. "Petru Dumitriu – Le drame de l’écrivain entre deux mondes." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC0025.
Full textThe current thesis is the story of a life, peaks and abysses, light and darkness, smiles and tears. The two complementary halves of life, a way of personal and unique expression, a creative force that goes beyond the limits, the indisputable literary talent, here are some keywords that perfectly characterize our author.The continual metamorphosis unpredictable manifested in his work and the secrets of his writing, both challenged and appreciated are only general tracks that we propose to develop throughout this research.The many recent publications show great interest that exists for a current and still unexhausted subject to a time that elicits a long string of questions, which continues to surprise. A topic of discussion still effervescent and passionate, which welcomes more and more participants willing to deliver mysteries of a heavy and dark time.Why "The drama of the writer between two worlds"? An apparently simple title for a truly complex issue. Probably because Petru Dumitriu is an atypical case; in contrast to those who prefer to live in silence their dramas, preserve their privacy at the maximum while sealed forever in the depths of their soul, Petru Dumitriu chooses aperture, total sincerity, the narrative assumed an experience that moves from the very first sentences
Couture-Mingheras, Alexandre. "La pensée et le réel : l'idée de monisme neutre." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H218.
Full textOur thesis examines neutral monism and defends that is an Idea in order to think reality prior to its division between realism and idealism, before the world-split between interiority and exteriority. In the first part we shed a new light on the authors referred to by Russell when he invents the neutral monism category. Avenarius's aim is to abandon history since its logic is considered to be invalidated. Mach, since he wants to deconstruct all kind of hypostasis, is led to the self-destruction of identity. As for James, we propose to construe his notion of pure experience: time serves the purpose to neutralize all categories and to reject dualism, and thus results from the ontologicaltransposition of the psychological thought current. This first part ends with the study of Russell, where we demonstrate that he is more akin to neutral monism when he invented et rejected the term, in accordance with his rationalist ideal of universalization, in the theoretical field (the pure I which can multiply itself in order to logically construct the physical world) as well as in the ethical one (to universalize one's des ire). The second part leads to the philosophy of immanence of Schuppe and Schubert-Soldem: the idea is here realized, by the identification of realism and idealism, the reconciliation between consciousness and world. The Immanenzphilosophie can be regarded as an alternative to Husserl's transcendental idealism where the post-Husserlian phenomenology finds once again some of its seminal intuitions
Milbach, Juliette. "Etre artiste en Union soviétique : le parcours d'Arkadii Plastov (1893-1972) : réalisme, socialisme, nationalité." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010653.
Full textArkadiï Plastov’s career is atypical for an artist in the Soviet system. Born son of icon painter, Arkadiï Plastov grew up in a small village on the Volga. Before becoming one of the most celebrated painters of the Russian rural life, Plastov studied fine arts on the pre-Revolution curriculum in Moscow focusing mainly on sculpture and fully unaware of the Avant-Garde’s esthetic language. He became a prominent painter in the capital in 1935 creating monumental pieces for exhibitions inthe second half of the 1930s, at a time when the socialist-realism style and theory were being developed. After the Second World War, he received the Stalin Prize for depicting the Russian identity in his painting and became a member of the fine art academy. In parallel to his art work for exhibitions and other official requests, he continued to document the life in his village through numerous portraitsof mujiks. In the 1960s when new styles and theories were appearing and questioning the socialistrealism, Plastov stood up to defend a doctrine he and many artists of his generation had embraced. Despite his fame and status, he was often targeted by critics and set aside as a painter of peasant life
Sellami, Samir Manuel. "Hyperbolic realism in Thomas Pynchon's and Roberto Bolaño's late maximalist novels : Against the day & 2666." Thesis, Perpignan, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PERP0016/document.
Full textEn partant de la notion de l'hyperbole comme figure rhétorique et concept philosophique, ma thèse de doctorat analyse les deux romans maximalistes de Pynchon et Bolaño dans un contexte marqué par l'émergence de l'Anthropocène comme nouvelle époque historique et géologique, par le retour du réalisme dans les sciences humaines, par le nouvel intérêt pourl'ontologie et la métaphysique en philosophie, par le détournement de certains projets phénoménologiques de l'humanisme, et par la possibilité d'anachronisme qui pèse aujourd'hui sur le genre littéraire. Dans ce contexte, j'examine les différentes questions de l'analyse littéraire (la copia, la dramaturgie du clair-obscur, la métaphore, l'ekphrasisetc.) pour révéler les structures poétiques hyperboliques qui sont quand même inscrites dans un cadre réaliste. Ces romans mettent en scène la permanence du doute hyperbolique dans l'univers narrative et au sein même du langage, mais ils effectuent en même temps le dépassement aventureux et laborieux de ce doute sans intention de nier les incertitudesfondamentales sur lesquelles sont fondés tout discours littéraire et, à la fin, toute acte linguistique
Faïsse, Evelyne. "La nouvelle d'expression occitane depuis 1970, entre réalisme et fantastique." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON30090.
Full textThe revival of contemporay Occitan literature had its beginning in the 1970s, when the publication of collections of short stories in paperback versions gave it a new momentum. The first part of the thesis seeks to delineate a multi-faceted genre and to outline its recurring themes as well as formal characteristics. This analysis reveals how the particular situation of the Occitan language contributes to creating a paradoxical relationship between realism and the fantastic. The choice of the Occitan language as a literary medium also raises the question of cultural identity which permeates these stories. The use of a minority language to write ambitious and innovative texts might seem paradoxical, but it is a deliberate choice by these authors who view Occitan as a language conveying values such as tolerance or modernity. The second part is devoted to the detailed presentation of the short stories on which the thesis is based. The brief overview of each of these stories, some of them lesser known, reveals the richness and diversity of the themes addressed. An indicative bibliography is also provided for each author. The corpus includes the works of more than sixty writers and constitutes a comprehensive survey of the dialects in use in the Occitan-speaking region
Tarlazzi, Caterina. "Le deuxième réalisme du XIIe siècle : Gauthier de Mortagne et la théorie de l’indiuiduum." Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040094.
Full textThis research project has two main objectives. First, its aim is to study a realist solution to the problem of universals from the early 12th century. This is called the indiuiduum-theory (=IndT; previous denominations include: indifference-theory, status-theory, second collectio-theory, etc.). IndT claims the universal to be a thing (res); in fact, it claims the universal to be the individual thing itself in one of its states (status). It makes use of some key notions of Abelard’s philosophy to produce a remarkably non-Abelardian sort of solution. The thesis subjects IndT to scrutiny by taking into consideration five main sources (which either describe IndT in order to criticise it, or in order to support it): Abelard’s Logica ‘Ingredientibus’, Logica ‘Nostrorum’, ‘De generibus et speciebus’ (transcribed directly from ms. Orléans, BM, 266, pp. 154b-163a), ‘Quoniam de generali’ and the Isagoge Commentary ‘P17’ (from ms. Paris, BnF, lat. 3237, ff. 123ra–124va, 125ra–130rb). Not only IndT, but the whole description of realism found in these texts is investigated. This includes an analysis of other realist views (different versions of material essence realism; the collectio-theory; a third realist solution in the Logica ‘Nostrorum’) together with a catalogue and detailed analysis of the 78 arguments presented against such realist views to be found in the five sources. A second aim of this work is to investigate whether IndT can be attributed to Walter of Mortagne, who was a master in Reims and Laon in the first decades of the 12th century. The attribution, which is based on John of Salisbury’s testimony in Metalogicon II, 17, is to be compared with John’s Policraticus
Ganne, Yannick. "L'ouverture du droit aux sciences sociales : contribution à l'étude du droit savant américain contemporain." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAA006.
Full textIn the United States, the vitality of the interdisciplinary legal movements (Empirical Legal Studies, Law & Economics, Law & Society, New Legal Realism) shows that boundaries between legalscholarship and other fields of knowledge are more flexible than in France. This study questions the use of social sciences (economics, political science, sociology, etc.) methods and techniques by American legal scholars. More precisely, it is about the institutionalization of this research practice, which occurred through the legitimization, the anchoring, and the diffusion of social sciences in the field of legal scholarship. By way of studying this phenomenon, this dissertation is about the structure of the field of legal knowledge itself. The use of social sciences in law, at first defiant, established itself gradually, supported by the institutional and intellectual features of the field
Gheller, Enrico. "La politique et les auteurs : le néoréalisme italien au prisme de la cinéphilie française (1946-1956)." Thesis, Normandie, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021NORMC005.
Full textPost-war Italian cinema has its rightful place in history under the label of "neorealism". It is a pantheonisation that is still difficult to question today, which often schematises the image of this cinema in an arbitrary manner. One of the peculiarities of this current is its ease of adaptation beyond the Alps: indeed, this film movement has sparked off a very virulent debate in France, which has seen the participation of all strata of the intelligentsia. The neo-realist canon was consolidated on the basis of a handful of films andthanks to the critical work of a few committed intellectuals, as well as the popular press. The editors of specialised magazines and daily newspapers have the privilege of a primacy of gaze on transalpine cinematic novelties: most often outside the traditional distribution channels, within the many film clubs operating in the Parisian context, critics, journalists and writers discover a cinema that they soon call the "Italian school". These observations force us to question several stereotypes about this cinema: shooting in the street, nonprofessional actors and current affairs subjects do not prevent post-war Italian cinema from following in the footsteps of what was, after all, a traditional production. These conclusions make it necessary today to return to the critical debates of the immediate post-war period with a new and impartial look, in order to deepen the complexity of the process of reception of neorealism
Vion, Magali. "Nouvelles écritures du réel : les romans de la "generación X" en Espagne." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAL027/document.
Full textContemporary Spanish novel saw the emergence in the 1990's of an ensemble of novels published by a group of young authors gathered together by critics under the name of " Génération X ", doubtless problematic naming of which limits we shall nevertheless try to define. Born in the 1960s, these authors represent a disillusioned youth in mass media's era,a youth suffused with rock and punk culture to which the critics often likened them, evolving in a decisively urban space (generally Madrid), that they know for being themselves actors of this scenery before staging it. Representatives of an eclectic and contemporary culture, the city and the " underground " and marginal universe which they represent are profoundly marked by the omnipresence of image and music, and by the accelerated rhythm of modern life. It shows in the modalities of an innovative writing based on an imposing mechanism of references, where various semiotic codes are mixed and where language of the street is mimetically reproduced. These aspects are what authorize us to mantain that more than the authors it is an ensemble of novels that converge and constitute a stage in a generelized realistic turn. Our thesis will consist in studying what kind of overview of spanish society emerges from the way this litterature processes the construction of characters, time and space, and how various visions and representations of the city get confronted and overlap to participate in the elaboration of the portrait of a disturbing sector of the end of the XXth century Spanish society, which justifies the use of the term of " realismo sucio " to qualify the esthetics of these authors. We shall propose an approach of representatives published between 1990 and 1999 by Francisco Casavellas, Lucía Etxebarria, Ismael Grasa, José Angel Mañas, Ray Loriga, Benjamin Prado, Pedro Maestre and Roger Wolfe
Calado, de Brito Maria Da Gloria. "Figurations réalistes dans les récits de Teixeira de Sousa." Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040185/document.
Full textThe narratives by Teixeira de Sousa (1919-2006) are part of the Claridade and Certeza movements, particularly in what concerns their proposed reading of historicity. These two movements clearly exemplify Realism in Cape Verde, and they voice national identity and the (re) discovery of Cape Verdean reality. One should note as well the presence of an aesthetics affiliated to the political and ideological positions of Portuguese Neo-realism. The focus of this dissertation is the analysis of Teixeira de Sousa’s narratives (short stories and two trilogies of novels). We elaborate on the extension of the above-referred topics for the representation of socio-historical and cultural phenomena as well as on their interaction with two insular microcosms in different colonial and postcolonial periods. In the first trilogy we refer to the universe of Fogo island; the decadence of the ruling class, the social differences, migration, identity. In the second case, we discuss the urban reality of the island of S. Vicente, framed by the sea, the docks, and the ethnic and cultural diversity. We also consider the emergence of national sovereignty, literary creation, and human essence in general in these writings. This dissertation deals as well with the discussion of realist and neorealist enunciation, through the author’s particular style
Zarebski, David. "Ontologie naturalisée et ingénierie des connaissances." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01H232/document.
Full text«What do I need to know about something to know it ?». It is no wonder that such a general, hard to grasp and riddle-like question remained the exclusive domain of a single discipline for centuries : Philosophy. In this context, the distinction of the primitive components of reality – the so called "world’s furniture" – and their relations is called an Ontology. This book investigates the emergence of similar questions in two different though related fields, namely : Artificial Intelligence and Knowledge Engineering. We show here that the way these disciplines apply an ontological methodology to either cognition or knowledge representation is not a mere analogy but raises a bunch of relevant questions and challenges from both an applied and a speculative point of view. More specifically, we suggest that some of the technical answers to the issues addressed by Big Data invite us to revisit many traditional philosophical positions concerning the role of language or common sense reasoning in the thought or the existence of mind-independent structure in reality
Künstler, Raphaël. "Défense intégrative du réalisme scientifique contre l’argument pessimiste." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM3020.
Full textHistory of science presents us with numerous cases in which scientists conclude that an unobservable entity previously posited as real actually does not exist. What the lesson is to be drawn from this fact ? One is tempted to draw the conclusion that the methods employed by scientists to produce knowledge of unobservable objects are not reliable: gaining this knowledge would be beyond their reach. This thesis identifies and rejects two presuppositions that lead to this conclusion: that the method of hypothesis is the only way to produce knowledge of unobservables and that it can be employed in an instantaneous manner. On the contrary, if the concrete modalities of the experimental activity and the diachronical dimension of theoretical research are taken into account, each of these two presuppositions appear to be too abstract and should be rejected. Knowledge of past theoretical collapses then legitimates the belief in the truth of current scientific theories
Rustici, Chiara. "Brendan Behan : les enjeux de la mémoire entre écriture et oralité." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00879873.
Full textMontini, Simona. "Théâtre Libre di André Antoine [1887-1894] : Teoria e practica de la messinscena." Thesis, Paris 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA030052.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the distinctive features of André Antoine’s work at the Théâtre Libre. His staging practice is examined in its historical framework, located at the confluence of various factors, and read as a knot in which several elements come to converge. The constants of his scenic research and of its operative modes are analysed in relation to his ceaseless questioning of the theatrical experience in all its aspects: this approach springs from Antoine’s hostility to a theatre completely devoid of artistic inspiration and, ultimately, of truth. The thesis describes his use of the scenic space, suggested by his attention to the visual aspect of the stage, and its relationships with dramaturgy. As for the dramaturgy, the relations between Antoine and the authors are studied together with his dramatic theory, the making of his repertory, his eclecticism, his experimental attitude and the participation of Théâtre Libre in the search for a new dramatic form. As for the shaping of the scenic space, the thesis examines sceneries, props, the role of walk-ons and light effects. The analysis also takes into account the role of the Théâtre Libre in relation to the contemporary theatrical world, focusing on the meaning of Antoine’s amateurism, on a comparison with the contemporary amateur groups and on the composition of his public. The final part of the thesis is devoted to Antoine’s acting features, to the method through which he built characters and to his company’s work
Hiahemzizou, Rafik. "Théorie générale de la manipulation / intervention : son implémentation aux expériences de la physique et d'astrophysique." Thesis, Lille 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL30036.
Full textIn this work, we analyze the concept of manipulation through a comprehensive theory which includes the entity realism and the causal theory of manipulation. At the second stage, we implement this theory to several scientific experiments. It is divided into four parts:In Part I, we will have a long journey until we will reach the true concept of manipulation. We analyze the structural realism and we explore its difficulties regarding ontological problems of physics. Our survey of structural realism enables to open a new way to developing entity realism instead of structural realism.Part II will be dedicated to the core aspect of entity realism such as its foundations, its arguments and our aim to reach a global definition of manipulation concept.In Part III I will achieve my aim which is elaborating a global theory of manipulation/intervention based on entity realism and the Woodward theory of intervention, invariance and depth explanation of causal events. We will develop three items : 1- a system of intervention conditions 2-a typology of intervention, 3-probabilistic intervention. Such type of intervention is applicable to EPR experiment. In Part IV, we implement our theory to five scientific experiments: EPR experiment, electrodynamics cavity experiment, Zeeman effect experiment, Tevatron experiment (collision of protons) and last but not least an astrophysical experiment (gravitational waves).In each case, our theory is successful. All intervention conditions are applicable to our five experiments and a well defined typology of intervention is developed based on intervention results through different stages of those experiments. Therefore, the theory of manipulation shows a real and genuine application in different domains of physics and astrophysics. Such result is important regarding the role of manipulation in modern science
Lazaridou, Evangelia. "La politique américaine et l'attitude de la communauté internationale lors de la crise chypriote de 1974 et ses suites." Thesis, Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100020.
Full textThere are several sorts of analysis about the Cyprus conflict. One is that after the 1963-constitutional crisis in Cyprus, Washington didn’t wish to support the island’s independence and had even prepared an invasion plan in order to use it as a threat to obtain favorable personal agreements.A second analysis lies in the fact that the USA had feared the URSS’ intervention because of the power of AKEL, the local-Communist party and of Makarios’ none allied politics and had therefore allowed the separation.A third analysis presumes that the Turkish government would have had an arrangement with the Americans about sharing the island. A fourth analysis would be strictly inner to the community with the Enosis’ requests (the reunion of Cyprus to Greece) for the Greeks and Taksim (the share of the island between the two countries) for the Turkish. Taking into consideration these analyses I have chosen to direct my thesis in the perspective that Turkey was the crucial element in that case due to Kissinger’s realistic politics and in the context of the Cold War, Turkey was military indispensible to the Americans. Kissinger, chief of the CIA’s secret operations and President of the National Security Council was following the principals of the realpolitik of the International relations.While power and the preservation of the status-quo was the central characteristic of the realistic analysis; its main rival, liberalism differs in the fact that non state actors like the United Nations played an important part. The key concepts of Liberalism are interdependence and transnationalisme.Cyprus also had a strategic importance. Transformed into a military basis it was controlling very sophisticated spying instruments. All this in the particular context of the Cold War where the USA and Great Britain had turned into the world’s police on the matter of nuclear equipment and the communist threat
Garson, Cyrielle. "Beyond Documentary Realism : aesthetic Transgressions in Contemporary British Verbatim Theatre." Thesis, Avignon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AVIG1157.
Full textBeyond Documentary Realism: Aesthetic Transgressions in Contemporary British Verbatim Theatre Verbatim theatre, a type of performance based on actual words spoken by ‘real people’, has been at the heart of a remarkable and unexpected renaissance of the genre in Great Britain since the mid-nineties. Simultaneously, contemporary British theatre-makers claimed to have found a renewed avenue to politics through this particular medium. In spite of recent shifts in the British theatrical landscape as well as the much-vaunted postmodern culture of anti-realism, documentary realism is generally conceded to have remained the normative mode of presentation for verbatim plays on stage. Through a comparative examination of seven representative verbatim productions, this dissertation argues, however, that there has been an equally persistent strand of verbatim works that involves a move away from realism as the key element in performance. These productions make use of a wide variety of aesthetic experiments that broaden and transgress what we might understand as verbatim theatre. The strategy adopted by this study is thus to read verbatim theatre against the grain of its claim to ‘authenticity’ and ‘truthfulness’ and to suggest the need for a discourse which better articulates an interdependence between its aesthetic imperatives and the possibilities of social engagement. Finally, this dissertation accounts for the existence of a range of aesthetic variables in present-day verbatim theatre which is aimed at more media-aware contemporary audiences. These are grouped into three theoretical positions, each of them being analysed and discussed in a separate part and illustrated by case studies. It is hoped that, through this argument, the changing aesthetics of verbatim theatre will be illuminated and that – on however small a scale – this doctoral dissertation will contribute to a critical history and theoretical formulation of the complexity of this rich field as both a scholarly discipline and a lived practice
Anne-Braun, Alexis. ""How does it work?" : une lecture de la théorie des symboles de Nelson Goodman." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H228.
Full textMy doctoral dissertation addresses the following question : “Why do we conceptualize the world as we do ?”. Nelson Goodman’s theory of symbols, as I show, provides the framework to answer that question. A main concern of this program is to present how a study of reference and its functioning deals with, and may settle, several important philosophical problems inherited from tradition (the justification of induction, the problem of depiction, the Kantian deduction of categories, the problem of natural kinds and universals, the logical construction of our phenomenal experience), as well as various problems debated in contemporary philosophy of language (denotation, exemplification, metaphor, fiction). Considering symbols in their functioning, as operations of symbolization, may prevent us from assuming that there is a “ready-made” World, given independently of how we refer to it and conceptualize it. What I would like to show, then, is that our referential practice is justified even if the World in itself, which is a common denominator of all kinds of Metaphysical Realism, doesn’t exist as such. In the contemporary literature, this approach is generally considered a detrimental form of anti-realism. However, my dissertation proposes to read Goodman’s philosophy anew, from a paradoxical « realist » vantage point, grounded onto an analysis of the various successes and failures of reference. To that extent, I intend to present and make explicit different kinds of constraints that make a symbol right. History of our own practices, as well as context-sensitivity, play important parts among these criteria. Only such a “doctrine of infelicities” turns out to bring to light the “realist spirit” of Goodman’s philosophy
Bondaz, Antoine. "De l’insécurité à la stabilité : la politique coréenne de la Chine de 2009 à 2014." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015IEPP0045.
Full textSince the financial and economic crisis of 2009, China's foreign policy has been presented as more assertive and likely to destabilize the Asia-Pacific region. However, using a neoclassic realist framework, we consider that because of an insecurity complex due to the lack of parity with the United States, China’s foreign policy is characterized by the implementation of a strategy of "maintaining stability" in the Korean peninsula in order to guarantee its continued ascent. China is facing a rise paradox, its capabilities are increasing but its insecurity is not reduced. Chinese academics emphasize the power gap with the United States, present their country as a fragile and partial power, and consider the US rebalancing strategy in the Asia–Pacific as a containment strategy. This insecurity complex leads China to avoid instability in the peninsula since it could provoke the collapse of the North Korean regime and open a Pandora's Box. From 2008, the Korean peninsula has become deeply unbalanced due to the political transition in Pyongyang, and the election of a conservative president in Seoul. China implements its stabilization strategy which results in an unconditional support to its neighbor at the expense of its relations with Seoul and Washington. The partial rebalancing between the two Koreas in late 2012 enables China try to weaken the US and Japanese influence in the region while maintaining its priority to stability. Beijing staged a tactical change following the third North Korean nuclear test, and adopts an equidistant Korea policy
Pelechová, Jitka. "Le théâtre de Thomas Ostermeier : en quête d’un réalisme nouveau à l’appui de quatre mises en scène de pièces d’Henrik Ibsen." Thesis, Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100039/document.
Full textThis thesis studies the theatrical work (from 1994 till 2010) of the German stage director Thomas Ostermeier: through his professional career (from the period of his studies at the Ernst-Busch School, to his direction of the Baracke Theater and later to that of the Theater of Schaubühne Berlin), through his aesthetic choices (concerning his repertoire, his search for the stories and for the narration, his directing of actors, etc.) and his major collaborations with the playwright Marius von Mayenburg and the set designer Jan Pappelbaum, and finally through the analysis of his four representations of the plays of the Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen: A Doll's house (Nora) in 2002, The Master Builder Solness in 2004, Hedda Gabler in 2005 and John Gabriel Borkman in 2008. The thesis shows that the theater of Thomas Ostermeier results from a subtle mixture of diverse and varied influences, until then often considered as opposite, contradictory and mutually incompatible: the theories of Stanislavski, Meyerhold and Brecht coexist and their artistic methods are applied in a complementary manner. This is particularly visible in the acting of the comedians and, while situated in the architectonical sets by Jan Pappelbaum, this mixture bears artistic works of a very particular, “perturbed” realism, which becomes even one of the distinguishing features of the work of Thomas Ostermeier, which met until today an important public success
Covu, Diégo. "Les formes du réalisme scientifique : l’empirisme de Locke et le naturalisme contemporain." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM3078.
Full textThe very fact of being engaged in an explicative program, canonically called philosophical, calls us to this presupposition of an affinity between world and words. We propose in the introduction a coherentist approach to philosophical systems, defined as worldviews where ontology and epistemology are in charge of mutual support. In Locke’s empiricism, the epistemological line defined by his empiricism is coupled to a corpuscularist conception of reality. We’ll show that the lines of tension existing between those two positions are consolidated by a deeply realistic doxastic attitude, bringing to the famous thesis of the likeness between real and perceived first qualities. The science of that time is thus promoted by a rationalist line of a deep affinity between the categories that make our environment intelligible and the very reality. Today’s naturalism leans entirely on the intelligibility that we have of reality through scientific activities, so founding the reappearance of ontology as this ideal of rational access to reality, by means of largely a priori procedures, that our sciences flush. If the pretentions of the metaphysicians to meet those objectives have to be deceived, it seems more judicious to value the mathematical a priori which, pace Quine’s model of the seamless web of belief, seems empirically incorrigible. It’s unreasonable effectiveness in the heuristics of our fundamental sciences places effectively it in the very first line in the constitution of the different strata of objectivation of our environnement
Edy, Delphine. "Le réalisme et son double au théâtre. Thomas Ostermeier, mise en scène et recréation." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL150.
Full textIn his recent productions, T. Ostermeier investigates the links between literature and drama with complex, renewed realism to question what insights the works of the past can give us into today’s political and social reality. He always favours the in-betweens which enable him to break through the stifling inflexibility of literal interpretation and initiates a dialogue between the past and the present, the actual and the virtual, what is close at hand and what is distant. His realism connects the visible surface of reality to its invisible depth – its double. He delves into this spectrality by focusing on the characters’ memory, their ghosts; on their language, hanging between translation and reworking, as their unsaid, repressed words speak loud; on space viewed as space between – thresholds, somewhere/nowhere, passages, pictures of all too present off-stage scenes or of elusive intimacy; on music too, echoing meaning in multiple layers. These ghost-like doubles are T. Ostermeier’s material to rebuild a meaningful present without ignoring its cracks and fault lines. His productions should be analysed as an autonomous oeuvre which calls on literary works to make sense afresh, to voice the painful, timeless experience of the real and the political hope to rebuild the present. His constantly ‘deterritorialising’ theatre substantiates our ghosts – the flipside of our reality – so that we, spectators, may finally get a grasp on them. T. Ostermeier will not confine theatre and literature to merely interpreting the world, he wants them to dialogue in order to transform it
Guérin, Hélène. "François Sabatier (1818-1891) : lire, traduire et écrire l'histoire l'art : les chemins d'un critique d'art et mécène fouriériste vers une Histoire de l'art." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MON30074.
Full textThis thesis focuses on François Sabatier (1818, Montpellier - 1891, Lunel), husband of the singer Caroline Ungher and translator of Goethe and Schiller, known as a patron and Fourierist critic through the publication of his Salon de 1851 in the Librairie phalanstérienne and his selection of the decor of his Florentine palace by Fourierist artists (Bouquet, Ottin, Papety). The utilisation of previously unused historical sources, of his manuscripts and the reconstruction of his library, which was bequeathed to Montpellier, allow one to reconsider Sabatier's relationship to art. As a result, his formation, which includes his association with artists (Courbet, Hébert, Ricard, Lefuel, Lesscore), his journeys and residencies (in Germany, Greece, Italy), his readings and meetings with authors is now better known. Consequently, his critique and his theoretical ambitions appear in a new light. Finally, his engagement in contemporary artistic and historical debates, realism, awarding of the Zisa palace to Palermo and techniques for restauring mosaics in Sicily all exemplify his important contributions. The networks constituting his sociability and engagements include authors such as Amari, Di Marzo, Michelet, Villari, Schnaase, Gregorovius, and such conservators of art works as Salinas and Riolo. The approach followed here is based on the cataloging of his library and the recording of his inscriptions and marginal notes in books, and allows one to specify the nature of his relationship to art, which goes far beyond critique, patronage and collection
Tsinoudi, Isidora. "Amour et humanisme dans l'oeuvre de Helli Alexiou." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210124.
Full textDoctorat en Langues et lettres
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Hutton, Renaud. "Périple aux alentours du Fantastique hébertien, tentative de classification et d'organisation du fantastique." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ55511.pdf.
Full textEvrard, Marceline. "Tensions et expression dans les films américains de Milos Forman." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00825575.
Full textMartinez, Louis-Antony. "La voix, le regard et le style dans les Trois contes de Gustave Flaubert ainsi que dans les Tales of unrest de Joseph Conrad." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO20020/document.
Full textThis doctoral thesis has not aimed at establishing “the” meaning of the text. On the contrary, it has sought to conceive the plurality of the text through Lacan’s concept of objet petit a (object small a). The latter can be grasped only through its effects. As part-objects, voice, gaze, and style are metonymic figurations of objet petit a.Admittedly, it is patently obvious that the object a has constituted the logical framework of our literary analyses, but these analyses have been anything but pure ones. Of course, we have frequently referred to psychoanalytic concepts, however, we have often permitted ourselves to orient our investigation towards other approaches (philosophical, generic, ideological, structural, rhythmical, stylistic etc.).The study of two collection of tales by two different authors – Trois Contes by Gustave Flaubert and Joseph Conrad’s Tales of Unrest – has been the occasion to bring to light the existence of two forces: on the one hand, the force which concerns speech, eye, and style as the object of the desire of the writer as a craftsman, and, on the other, the force which pertains to voice, gaze, and style as a signifying production (signifiance), i.e. as “radical work (which leaves nothing intact) through which the subject explores how language works him and undoes him as soon as he stops observing it and enters it”
Hazmoune, Mariem. "L'œuvre après la critique : une esthétique apophatique du contemporain." Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01H315.
Full textThe present thesis offers to consider the relations between the work of art and the perceiving subject, through the notion of l'acheminer. This notion encompasses the many mediations at play in the aesthetic experience, from the creation of the works of art to their perception, including their immanent economy, as well as the different discourses that shape the whole experience. Through a selection of sound and visual artworks — sound pieces by Luciano Berio and Edoardo Sanguinetti in the first instance, photographic pieces by Frances Berry and Gordon Matta-Clark, as well as cinematographic art by John Akomfrah, Bruno Dumont, Hong Sang-soo, among many others considered in the thesis — we intend to account for the many ways works of art resist the production of meaning in the current acheminer. We develop critically the notion of a new acheminer, inspired from these works of art, which aims at a connection between the knowing subject and the work of art that could be qualified as small or almost nothing — the works of art being according to us meaningless, if at the same time we are seeing an overabundance in the production of sense. For this we are led to the discussion of different discourses bridging aesthetics, critical theory, economy and subjectification, from Adorno and Rancière to the recent propositions of contemporary philosophy such as Speculative Realism and the Anthropocene Criticism. On the matter of the Object’s preponderance, we propose a heterophonic acheminer between two individualized entities, the Subject and the Object, their two phonies and their two logics, in order to suggest pathways for apophatic aesthetics
Bengochéa, Anne. "Le réalisme dickensien dans quatre traductions en français de David Copperfield." Thesis, Paris 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA030005.
Full textGiven the notion of mimesis, a principle that gave birth to the arts and is at the foundation of the practice of translation, this study proposes to analyze the translation of some significant traits of Dickensian realism in the work David Copperfield which constitutes a synthesis of a variety of aesthetics. Dickens' eighth novel is a transitional work which initiates the second period of the novelist's career. It is oriented towards a style more in line with realistic aesthetics, defined by the French artistic movement of the time. However, a distinctive originality is always revealed with force, contained in a generic hybrid welcoming figures of ambivalent realistic quality through their configuration and their poeticism. The translation of this novel presents two issues, one being the sense of historical references which constitute the background of the narrative; the other being translating an unusual free-wheeling style that is in conflict with the writing and aesthetic unity of French literary realism. Moreover, the contrastive analysis based on four unabridged translations of the work tends to provide some answers to the question of whether retranslation benefits or suffers from changes in the cultural polysystem of the host country
Cartonnet, Alexis. "Les relations internationales à l'Age Classique : Etude systématique des dimensions ontologiques, politiques, stratégiques et tactiques des relations entre Etats aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENSL0766.
Full textThis PhD work aims at analyzing the dynamics of international relations from the Westphalia (1648) treaties to the battle of Valmy (1792). Classic conflicts are regularly qualified by military historians as being ‘‘limited’’ and ‘‘indecisive’’, and it is therefore necessary to elucidate the reasons and the nature of such restrictions. Limitations are actually two-fold: classic wars are politically limited, regulated by a legal framework known as “balance of powers”. As a consequence, wars are also militarily limited, often described as being mitigated by a strategy of attrition and tactics of position. More important than the acknowledgment of this limitation, is the way they are linked together. So as to shed light on such dynamics, we’ve built an analytical framework called “quadrangle of international relations’’, allowing to decipher their ontological, political, strategic and tactic dimensions, in any period of time. Ontology questions the nature of the actors in any given political system: how did the territorial sovereign state become the main form of political organization? The political dimension of this model allows analyzing the legal framework in which foreign relations take place: how did balance of powers become the main way of regulating violence between states? Its strategic angle scrutinizes the military plans of state leaders: how could a defensive strategy based on attrition warfare be accounted for? tactical aspects develop the operating instructions designed to support strategy: what did sieges and maneuvers look like in classic wars? Each of these dimensions is causally linked to one another so that we could revive “global history”, from mental layers to the actors’ strategies
Teboul, Annabelle. "Le polymorphisme du héros réaliste-naturaliste chez Balzac, Flaubert, Maupassant et Zola ou le parcours initiatique d'un être oxymorique." Phd thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00935884.
Full textSahin, Can. "L'influence des écrivains français sur les doctrines littéraires des romanciers turcs de la période de la modernisation et les réalisations." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCA028.
Full textNovel is a gift to Turkish literature of the period of modernization. Changing social and political events undoubtedly affects on literary form. 19th century in the Ottoman Empire at dizzying speeds where there is a period of development and change. During this period, France is almost like a pop-up window of the Ottoman Empire in Europe. Place a thousand years of classical Turkish literature in the European model is replaced with a new understanding of literature. In this change French literature has been exemplary in litrature. In this study, the period of Reformation French influence in Turkish literature has been examined from a broader perspective. The causes of the French influence in Turkish literature and its reflections have tried to read through the first Turkish novel. For the first time in this process, beginning with the translation of the French novel of French romanticism, French realism and French naturalism led to the Turkish author. This academic endeavour is carried out on the texts of French writer of which direction they affect Turkish writer has been demonstrated in a detailed manner