Relevant bibliographies by topics / Realistic in vitro nasal model

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Realistic in vitro nasal model'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 5 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Realistic in vitro nasal model"

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Durand, Marc, Jeremie Pourchez, Bruno Louis, Jean Francois Pouget, Daniel Isabey, Andre Coste, Jean Michel Prades, Philippe Rusch, and Michele Cottier. "Plastinated nasal model: a new concept of anatomically realistic cast." Rhinology journal 49, no. 1 (March 1, 2011): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4193/rhino09.187.

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BACKGROUND: For many years, researchers have been interested in investigating airflow and aerosol deposition in the nasal cavities. The nasal airways appear to be a complex geometrical system. Thus, in vitro experimental studies are frequently conducted with a more or less biomimetic nasal replica. AIM: This study is devoted to the development of an anatomically realistic nose model with bilateral nasal cavities, i.e. nasal anatomy, airway geometry and aerodynamic properties as close as possible to in vivo behaviour. METHODS: A specific plastination technique of cephalic extremities was developed by the Anatomy Laboratory at the Saint-Etienne University in the last 10 years. The plastinated models obtained were anatomically, geometrically and aerodynamically validated using several techniques (endoscopy, CT scans, acoustic rhinometry and rhinomanometry). RESULTS: Our plastination model exhibited a high level of anatomic quality, including a very good mucosa preservation. Aerodynamical and geometrical investigations highlighted a global behaviour of plastinated models perfectly in accordance with a nasal decongested healthy subject. CONCLUSIONS: The present plastination model provides a realistic cast of nasal airways, and may be a useful tool for nasal flow, drug delivery and aerosol deposition studies.
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Phuong, Nguyen Lu, Nguyen Dang Khoa, and Kazuhide Ito. "Comparative numerical simulation of inhaled particle dispersion in upper human airway to analyse intersubject differences." Indoor and Built Environment 29, no. 6 (January 8, 2020): 793–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x19894128.

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This study predicted the total and regional deposition of particles in realistic upper human airways and demonstrated the effects of intersubject variations in deposition fraction. Two airway models were studied under flow rates ranging from 0.45 to 2.4 m3/h and particle aerodynamic diameters from 1 to 10 μm. The total deposition predictions were validated using in vivo and in vitro experimental data. The intricate airway structures generated heterogeneities of airflow distributions and corresponding particle dispersions and depositions in the models. Nevertheless, with modified inertial parameters, the total deposition fraction curves of the two human upper airway models, as functions of flow rates, converged to a single function. However, regional particle deposition fractions differed significantly among the two models. The surface pressure and wall-shear stress distribution were investigated to assess the relationship of surface pressure and wall-shear stress with hotspot locations in upper airways of both models. For one subject (model A), the central nasal passage regions were found to be sites of higher deposition over the range of particle sizes and flow rates targeted in this study. For the other subject (model B), higher deposition was mostly observed in the vestibule region, caused due to particle inertia as the airway consisted of curvatures. The accelerated flow regions acted as a natural filter to high inertial particles. The results indicated that both total and regional depositions exhibited significant intersubject differences.
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Croce, Céline, Redouane Fodil, Marc Durand, Gabriela Sbirlea-Apiou, Georges Caillibotte, Jean-François Papon, Jean-Robert Blondeau, André Coste, Daniel Isabey, and Bruno Louis. "In Vitro Experiments and Numerical Simulations of Airflow in Realistic Nasal Airway Geometry." Annals of Biomedical Engineering 34, no. 6 (May 5, 2006): 997–1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10439-006-9094-8.

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Rosano, Jenna M., Nazanin Tousi, Robert C. Scott, Barbara Krynska, Victor Rizzo, Balabhaskar Prabhakarpandian, Kapil Pant, Shivshankar Sundaram, and Mohammad F. Kiani. "A physiologically realistic in vitro model of microvascular networks." Biomedical Microdevices 11, no. 5 (May 19, 2009): 1051–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10544-009-9322-8.

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Chen, John Z., Milad Kiaee, Andrew R. Martin, and Warren H. Finlay. "In vitro assessment of an idealized nose for nasal spray testing: Comparison with regional deposition in realistic nasal replicas." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 582 (May 2020): 119341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119341.

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Shanley, Kevin T., Goodarz Ahmadi, Philip K. Hopke, and Yung-Sung Cheng. "Simulated airflow and rigid fiber behavior in a realistic nasal airway model." Particulate Science and Technology 36, no. 2 (September 10, 2016): 131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02726351.2016.1208694.

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Wadell, Cecilia, Erik Björk, and Ola Camber. "Nasal drug delivery – evaluation of an in vitro model using porcine nasal mucosa." European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 7, no. 3 (February 1999): 197–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0928-0987(98)00023-2.

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Cantero, Daniel, Clare Cooksley, Camille Jardeleza, Ahmed Bassiouni, Damien Jones, Peter-John Wormald, and Sarah Vreugde. "A human nasal explant model to studyStaphylococcus aureusbiofilm in vitro." International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology 3, no. 7 (February 12, 2013): 556–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/alr.21146.

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Hughes, R., J. Watterson, C. Dickens, D. Ward, and A. Banaszek. "Development of a nasal cast model to test medicinal nasal devices." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 222, no. 7 (October 1, 2008): 1013–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544119jeim423.

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Bespak, a division of Consort Medical plc, and Queen's University Belfast have developed a viable and unique in-vitro testing capability for nasal drug delivery devices. The aim was to evaluate and optimize current and conceptual drug delivery devices by quantifying the deposition of drug in the various distinct regions of the nasal cavity. The development of this test apparatus employed computed tomography (CT) scan data of the human nasal cavity to construct an accurate representation of the human nasal airways. An investigation of suitable materials and manufacturing technologies was required, together with extensive analytical method development. It is possible for this technique to be further developed in an attempt to create a standardized apparatus based on nasal geometry that can be used to compare accurately deposition from drug delivery devices. This paper presents the issues encountered in the development of this test apparatus, including manufacturing and material limitations, investigation and choice of suitable materials, laboratory testing considerations, and the steps required to validate the analytical process.
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Jain, Ashish, Robert M. DiBlasi, Veena Devgan, Nisha Kumari, and Kunal Kalra. "Simple point of care continuous positive airway pressure delivery device (Jain-CPAP)." BMJ Innovations 5, no. 1 (January 2019): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjinnov-2018-000339.

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ObjectiveTo describe the effective pressure and FiO2 delivery to a realistic spontaneously breathing lung model using a novel, simple, inexpensive neonatal non-invasive bubble continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) device.MethodsThis experimental bench study was conducted at Bench Testing Laboratory at a Children’s Hospital. A realistic 3D anatomic airway model of a 28-week preterm neonate was affixed to the ASL5000 Test Lung to simulate spontaneous breathing with lung mechanics that are specific to a preterm neonate. The assembly was constructed on site using easily available nasal prongs, paediatric infusion set with a graduated chamber, three-way stop cocks and oxygen tubing. The adult nasal prong was used as cannulae. However, this assembly had the limitation of the lack of humidification and inability to deliver graduated oxygen. This assembly was attached to the anatomic airway with nasal prongs. Pressure and FiO2 were measured from within the lung model at different flow settings and recorded for 10 breaths.ResultsThere was a linear increase in the mean pressure in the 10 recorded breaths as oxygen flows were increased.ConclusionsOur nasal CPAP is a simple device, as it can be easily assembled at the point of care using simple, affordable supplies by the healthcare providers and can benefit the newborns with respiratory distress in the resource constraint settings.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Realistic in vitro nasal model"

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Azimi, Mandana. "EVALUATION OF THE REGIONAL DRUG DEPOSITION OF NASAL DELIVERY DEVICES USING IN VITRO REALISTIC NASAL MODELS." VCU Scholars Compass, 2017. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4780.

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The overall objectives of this research project were i) to develop and evaluate methods of characterizing nasal spray products using realistic nasal airway models as more clinically relevant in vitro tools and ii) to develop and evaluate a novel high-efficiency antibiotic nanoparticle dry powder formulation and delivery device. Two physically realistic nasal airway models were used to assess the effects of patient-use experimental conditions, nasal airway geometry and formulation / device properties on the delivery efficiency of nasal spray products. There was a large variability in drug delivery to the middle passages ranging from 17 – 57 % and 47 – 77 % with respect to patient use conditions for the two nasal airway geometries. The patient use variables of nasal spray position, head angle and nasal inhalation timing with respect to spray actuation were found to be significant in determining nasal valve penetration and middle passage deposition of Nasonex®. The developed test methods were able to reproducibly generate similar nasal deposition profiles for nasal spray products with similar plume and droplet characteristics. Differences in spray plume geometry (smaller plume diameter resulted in higher middle passage drug delivery) were observed to have more influence on regional nasal drug deposition than changes to droplet size for mometasone furoate formulations in the realistic airway models. Ciprofloxacin nanoparticles with a mean (SD) volume diameter of 120 (10) nm suitable for penetration through mucus and biofilm layers were prepared using sonocrystallization technique. These ciprofloxacin nanoparticles were then spray dried in a PVP K30 matrix to form nanocomposite particles with a mean (SD) volume diameter of 5.6 (0.1) µm. High efficiency targeted delivery of the nanocomposite nasal powder formulation was achieved using a modified low flow VCU DPI in combination with a novel breathing maneuver; delivering 73 % of the delivered dose to the middle passages. A modified version of the nasal airway model accommodating Transwell® inserts and a Calu-3 monolayer was developed to allow realistic deposition and evaluation of the nasal powder. The nanocomposite formulation was observed to demonstrate improved dissolution and transepithelial transport (flux = 725 ng/h/cm2) compared to unprocessed ciprofloxacin powder (flux = 321 ng/h/cm2).
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Mellors, Linda Jane 1974. "Development of a realistic in vitro model for studying the energetics of cardiac papillary muscles." Monash University, Dept. of Physiology, 2001. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/9196.

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Kilgour, Joanne Dawn. "Development and validation of an in vitro rat nasal epithelial model for predicting respiratory tract toxicity." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361508.

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Farcas, Monica A. "Endothelial morphology in an anatomically realistic, dynamic, in vitro human right coronary artery cell culture model." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=98959.

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The sensitivity of the vascular endothelium to wall shear stress plays a central role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. While current studies investigate endothelial response using idealized in vitro flow chambers, such cell culture models are unable to accurately replicate the complex in vivo wall shear stress patterns arising from anatomical geometries. In this study we have created both a simplified/tubular and an anatomically realistic model of the human right coronary artery. Following endothelial cell culture, and the application of steady flow, cell morphology was analyzed. In both models a progressive elongation and alignment of the endothelium in the flow direction was observed following 8, 12, and 24 hours. This change, however, was significantly less pronounced in the anatomical model (as observed from morphological variations indicative of localized flow features). Differences were also observed between the inner and outer walls at the disease-prone inlet region. Since morphological adaptation is a visual indication of endothelial shear stress activation, the use of anatomical models in endothelial genetic and biochemical studies may offer better insight into the disease process.
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Murray, Robert Brent. "Does Increasing Flow to a High Flow Nasal Cannula Affect Mean Airway Pressure in an In Vitro Model?" Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/rt_theses/12.

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DOES INCREASING FLOW TO A HIGH FLOW NASAL CANNULA AFFECT MEAN AIRWAY PRESSURE IN AN IN VITRO MODEL? Introduction: High-flow nasal cannulas (HFNC) have become popular with many institutions for administration of oxygen (O2). HFNCs are also being used in pediatric and neonatal populations for administration of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) as a treatment for respiratory distress. Adult patients are being treated with HFNCs in a effort to provide a high percentage of O2 and correct hypoxemia and other related conditions. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of increasing flow via a HFNC to an in vitro model to examine the effect of flow on mean airway pressure (MPAW). Method: An in vitro model to simulate non-labored and labored spontaneous breathing was developed using a Michigan Instrument Laboratory Test and Training Lung (MIL TTL) driven by a Hamilton Galileo ventilator to produce a negatively based, inspired tidal volume. Flow was introduced to the MIL TTL via a 41 French double lumen endotracheal tube. Airway pressure measurements were observed via a pressure monitoring port placed between the MIL TTL and the endotracheal tube and connected to the auxiliary pressure monitoring port located on the front of the Galileo ventilator. A Vapotherm 2000i with adult transfer chamber and adult cannula, a Fisher Paykel Optiflow, and a generic HFNC consisting of a concha column and a Salter labs high-flow cannula were tested at 20, 30, and 40LPM flowrates. Data was recorded using two respiratory rates (12 and 24) and two peak flowrates (35 and 65LPM) to simulate non-labored and labored breathing. All other parameters were unchanged and the I:E ratio was consistent. Data Analysis: SPSS 16.0 for Windows was used to analyze all data for this study. Descriptive statistics, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and post hoc Bonferroni was used for this study. A p value less than 0.05 were considered significant. Results: Average MPAW for all devices were increased at all three flowrates. MPAW was highest at 40LPM flow producing 3.1cmH2O averaged for all HFNCs and both respiratory patterns. The difference in MPAW produced by the three HFNCs were also significant with at p=0.000 at all flow rates. Post hoc Bonferroni adjusted probabilities further showed all device comparisons significant except for Vapotherm-Vapotherm Labored at 30 and 40 LPM flow rates and Vapotherm-Generic Labored at 20 LPM at p<0.05. These three comparisons were at p>0.05 and were statistically equal. The generic HFNC produced the highest MPAW (3.5cmH2O). Conclusion: Increased flow via a HFNC does increase MPAW. The Vapotherm, Optiflow, and generic HFNC did not produce the same level of MPAW in this study.
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Qutieshat, Abu-Baker S. "The design, build and validation of a realistic artificial mouth model for dental erosion research." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2015. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/db05979d-8bdb-4b7e-b25c-0e51e8e01ee7.

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This work investigated the design parameters necessary for the build and use of an in vitro artificial mouth model built for dental erosion research. It also ascertained the working knowledge of dentists concerning the Human Tissue Act (HTA) and explored an alternative tissue for erosion-testing to human enamel. The design inputs for the artificial mouth were acquired by an innovative observational study conducted upon human volunteers and used in the decisions made in the setting of the fluids’ kinematic behaviour and how the associated devices were to function. This novel system was sought to mimic the interaction of saliva and the dental substrate during the process of consuming an erosive beverage. The model allows researchers to gather data using customizable experimental diets without the technical burden of dealing with a non-realistic regime. The design and build of the artificial mouth model along with its associated equipment and parameters are described and a manual for operation of the model is appended. The device is designed on a fully adjustable multitask basis in which the operator can set several variables such as the desirable salivary kinematic behaviour, offensive beverage flow rate, and volume of consumption. This, subsequently, allows the samples preloaded on the system to be tested for surface characteristics (i.e. surface hardness and surface profilometry) to determine the extent of erosion if any. The model also allows the resultant solution to be analysed for traces of calcium and phosphate ions. To validate the capabilities of the artificial mouth system a set of diets was performed repeatedly. The high degree of agreement and the consistency of results showed that the model is able to mimic realistic scenarios and is capable of producing reliable, reproducible and accurate outcomes. Ostrich eggshell proved to be a potential alternative erosion substrate which is fortuitous as the lack of knowledge on the HTA had meant human enamel was less readily available.
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Dey, Karla Maree. "Anatomic Dead Space Washout and Flow Effects during Breathing with Nasal High Flow Therapy." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Mechanical, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/10089.

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Nasal high flow (NHF) therapy is a recent form of non-invasive respiratory support for patients suffering from respiratory distress that supplies high flows of heated and humidified air, oxygen or a mix via a nasal cannula. A number of in vivo studies have proven its effectiveness at improving blood oxygenation; however, its mechanisms of action remain widely unproven. Two proposed mechanisms of action, the CO2 washout of anatomic dead space and the production of positive airway pressure, are investigated in this thesis for the use of the Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Ltd (FPH) Optiflow™ adult nasal cannula through a range of experiments. Five anatomically correct upper airway models produced from computed tomography (CT) scan data via 3D printing were employed during in vitro experiments and two live subjects participated in in vivo measurements. The human respiratory system was faithfully replicated for CO2 washout experiments with physiological CO2 diffusion into the lung replicated by a constant flow of CO2 into the lung pump. In vivo measurement of a natural breathing flow pattern was scaled to an average population tidal volume and respiratory rate for in vitro use. In vitro measurements of static pressure during natural breathing found similar flow resistances across the nasal passage for inspiratory and expiratory flow directions; however, across the entire upper airway greater resistance was seen for inspiration. Introduction of NHF therapy produced significant increases in all mean and peak airway pressures within the upper airway with a flow rate of 30 LPM fulfilling the inspiratory work requirements presented by the upper airway resistance. In vivo and in vitro hot wire anemometry measurements at the exterior nares indicated low velocity and turbulence intensity flows at peak inspiration and a high velocity jet with high turbulence during peak expiration. At natural breathing an in vitro anterior-posterior velopharynx traverse captured low turbulence intensities during peak inspiration and high turbulence intensities during peak expiration. Introduction of NHF therapy had little influence on the turbulence intensity profile of peak expiration yet did cause significant increases in the turbulence intensities during peak inspiration. Measurements of the CO2 concentration near the lung volume over many breath cycles were used to find time-averaged CO2 concentrations. For the standard airway model an average CO2 concentration of 4.88 ± 0.07 %V/V was determined during natural breathing. Implementation of increasing levels of NHF therapy generated significant washout of CO2 reducing this average concentration to a minimum of 3.81 ± 0.11 %V/V at a flow rate of 80 LPM. It was determined that airway geometry significantly affected the efficacy of the NHF therapy though CO2 washout was observed in all five airway models.
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Spence, Callum James Thomas. "Experimental Investigations of Airflow in the Human Upper Airways During Natural and Assisted Breathing." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Mechanical Engineering, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5929.

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Nasal high flow (NHF) cannulae are used to deliver heated and humidified air to patients at steady flows ranging from 5-50 l/min. Knowledge of the airflow characteristics within the nasal cavity with NHF and during natural breathing is essential to understand the treatment's efficacy. In this thesis, the distribution and velocity of the airflow in the human nasal cavity have been mapped during natural and NHF assisted breathing with planar- and stereo-PIV in both steady and oscillatory flow conditions. Anatomically accurate transparent silicone models of the human nasal cavity were constructed using CT scan data and rapid prototyping. Breathing flowrates and waveforms were measured in vivo and dimensionally scaled by Reynolds and Womersley number matching to reproduce physiological conditions in vitro. Velocities of 2.8 and 3.8 m/s occurred in the nasal valve during natural breathing at peak expiration and inspiration, respectively; however on expiration the maximum velocity of 4.2 m/s occurred in the nasopharynx. Velocity magnitudes differed appreciably between the left and right sides of the nasal cavity, which were asymmetric. NHF modifies nasal cavity flow patterns significantly, altering the proportion of inspiration and expiration through each passageway and producing jets with in vivo velocities up to 20.8 m/s for 40 l/min cannula flow. The main flow stream passed through the middle airway and along the septal wall during both natural inspiration and expiration, whereas NHF inspired and expired flows remained high through the nasal cavity. Strong recirculating features are created above and below the cannula jet. Results are presented that suggest the quasi-steady flow assumption is invalid in the nasal cavity during both natural and NHF assisted breathing. The importance of using a three-component measurement technique when investigating nasal flows has been highlighted. Cannula flow has been found to continuously flush the nasopharyngeal dead space, which may enhance carbon dioxide removal and increase oxygen fraction. Close agreement was found between numerical and experimental results performed in identical conditions and geometries.
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Yerich, Andrew J. "Development of an Artificial Nose for the Study of Nanomaterials Deposition in Nasal Olfactory Region." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami151187266403964.

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Book chapters on the topic "Realistic in vitro nasal model"

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Han, Bumsoo. "Complex Transport Around Tumor: Need for Realistic In Vitro Tumor Transport Model." In Cancer Targeted Drug Delivery, 667–85. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7876-8_25.

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Conference papers on the topic "Realistic in vitro nasal model"

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Nagel, M., and B. W. Rotenberg. "Comparison of Budesonide Delivery Via Nasal Spray and a Nasal Nebulizer to an In Vitro Adult Model." In American Thoracic Society 2021 International Conference, May 14-19, 2021 - San Diego, CA. American Thoracic Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2021.203.1_meetingabstracts.a1338.

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Kung, Ethan O., Andrea S. Les, Francisco R. Medina, Ryan B. Wicker, Michael V. McConnell, and Charles A. Taylor. "In Vitro Validation of Finite Element Model of AAA Hemodynamics Incorporating Realistic Outflow Boundary Conditions." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19304.

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Numerical methods have become a powerful tool to quantify hemodynamic forces in the cardiovascular system. Studying these forces enables us to understand cardiovascular disease mechanisms, as well as better evaluate and design cardiovascular medical devices. However, much work remains to validate numerical methods against experimental data. Vignon-Clementel and colleagues have shown that the boundary conditions (BCs) prescribed at the outlets of numerical domains dramatically influence the flow and pressure computational results [1]. While many in-vitro studies have implemented simple BCs to allow for acceptable validations of numerical methods, none has implemented BCs that provide physiologically realistic flows and pressures.
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Kaneko, N., H. Ullman, F. Ali, P. Berg, Y. Ooi, S. Tateshima, G. Colby, et al. "E-036 New in vitro AVM model with realistic nidus for simulation and flow analysis." In SNIS 17TH ANNUAL MEETING. BMA House, Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9JR: BMJ Publishing Group Ltd., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/neurintsurg-2020-snis.72.

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Murray, Robert B., Douglas S. Gardenhire, Lynda T. Goodfellow, and Ralph D. Zimmerman. "Does Increasing Flow To A High Flow Nasal Cannula Affect Mean Airway Pressure In An In Vitro Model?" In American Thoracic Society 2012 International Conference, May 18-23, 2012 • San Francisco, California. American Thoracic Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2012.185.1_meetingabstracts.a3119.

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Moghadas, Hajar, Omid Abouali, Abolhasan Faramarzi, Behtash Tavakoli, and Goodarz Ahmadi. "A Numerical Investigation for Nano-Particles Deposition in Realistic Geometry of Deviant Human Nasal Airways." In ASME 2010 8th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels collocated with 3rd Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm-icnmm2010-30661.

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3-D models of both sides of human nasal passages were developed to investigate the effect of septal deviation on the flow patterns and nano particles deposition in the realistic human nasal airways. 3-D computational domain was constructed by a series of coronal CT scan image before and after septoplasty from a live 25-year old nonsmoking male with septal deviation in his right side nasal passage. For several breathing rates corresponding to low or moderate activities, the steady state flow in the nasal passages was simulated numerically. Eulerian approach was employed to find the nano particles concentrations in the nasal channels. The flow field and particles depositions depend on the passage geometry. The abnormal passage has more particles deposition comparing with the normal side and post-operative passages for nano particles because of rapid change in geometry. However, regional depositions have the same behavior for the nano particles in the three different studied passages. Despite the anatomical differences of the human subjects used in the experiments and computer model, the simulation results are in qualitative agreement with the experimental data.
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Ghahramani, Ebrahim, Omid Abouali, Homayoon Emdad, and Goodarz Ahmadi. "LES of Turbulent Airflow Field and Microparticle Deposition in a Realistic Model of Human Upper Airways." In ASME 2014 4th Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2014-21636.

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The Large Eddy Simulation (LES) technique was used to study the turbulent airflow field in a realistic model of human upper airways. The geometric model includes nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx and trachea. The Lagrangian approach was used to calculate the trajectories and deposition of micro-particles for the breathing rate of 60 l/min. The results are compared with those obtained from the RANS model from an earlier study. For the latter model the effect of airflow turbulent velocity fluctuations on particle trajectories was modeled using a Continuum Random Walk (CRW) stochastic model. A qualitative comparison of the results obtained by the LES method with the earlier RANS model reveals that the total depositions of micro-particles evaluated be these two methods are similar. The LES and RANS predictions for regional depositions, however, differ significantly.
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Wu, Xiaofang, Jennifer Peters-Hall, Remy Mimms, Maria Peña, and Mary C. Rose. "The Effect Of Growth Factors And Inflammatory Mediators On The Proliferation Of Human Nasal Cells In A 3D Glandular In Vitro Model." In American Thoracic Society 2011 International Conference, May 13-18, 2011 • Denver Colorado. American Thoracic Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2011.183.1_meetingabstracts.a2057.

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Lentzakis, Helen, Monica Farcas, Leonie Rouleau, and Richard L. Leask. "Anatomically Correct Right Coronary Artery Model." In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-172212.

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Upon clinical analysis, regions such as curvatures and bifurcations have been characterized as high prone regions where atherosclerotic plaques were more likely to occur. Biological studies have linked this phenomenon to the localized response of the endothelial cells to mechanical blood flow forces such as fluid shear stress. Present common in vitro flow cell culture models such as parallel-plate flow chambers and cone and plate viscometers used to study endothelial cell response depict a simplified geometry and thus, unrealistic in vivo conditions. The aim of this project was to develop a more realistic in vitro cell culture model by using an anatomically correct right coronary artery model and a more physiologic flow environment for dynamic endothelial cell culture experiments.
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Albano, Giusy D., Anna Bonanno, Luca Cavalieri, Eleonora Ingrassia, Caterina Di Sano, Liboria Siena, Loredana Riccobono, Rosalia Gagliardo, and Mirella Profita. "Effect of high, medium, and low molecular weight hyaluronan on inflammation and oxidative stress in an in vitro model of human nasal epithelial cells." In ERS International Congress 2016 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2016.pa5064.

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Shanley, Kevin T., Goodarz Ahmadi, Philip K. Hopke, and Yung-Sung Cheng. "Fibrous and Spherical Particle Transport and Deposition in the Human Nasal Airway: A Computational Fluid Dynamics Model." In ASME 2009 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2009-78204.

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As the interface between the human respiratory system and the environment, the nose plays many vital roles. Not the least of which is filter. Resulting from numerous natural and anthropogenic processes, particulate matter becomes airborne. Should particulate matter reach the lower portions of the respiratory tract, a host of maladies may occur. In an attempt to further understand the physics behind particulate matter transitioning from the environment into humans a computational model has been developed to predict the efficiency with which human noses can remove particles before they reach the lungs. To this end computational fluid dynamics and Lagrangian particle tracking simulations have been run to gather information on the deposition behavior of both fibrous and spherical particles. MRI data was collected from the left and right passages of a 181.6 cm, 120.2 kg, human male. The two passages were constructed into separate computational volumes consisting of approximately 950,000 unstructured tetrahedral cells each. A steady laminar flow model was used to simulate the inhalation portion of a human breathing cycle. Volumetric flow rates were varied to represent the full range of human nasal breathing. General agreement was shared quantitatively and qualitatively with previously published in vitro studies on other nasal models. Lagrangian particle tracking was performed for varying sizes of fibrous and spherical particles. Deposition efficiency was shown to increase with fiber aspect ratio, particle size, and flow rate. Anatomy was also identified as effecting deposition.
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