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Journal articles on the topic 'Realistic in vitro nasal model'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 5 February 2022

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1

Durand, Marc, Jeremie Pourchez, Bruno Louis, Jean Francois Pouget, Daniel Isabey, Andre Coste, Jean Michel Prades, Philippe Rusch, and Michele Cottier. "Plastinated nasal model: a new concept of anatomically realistic cast." Rhinology journal 49, no. 1 (March 1, 2011): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4193/rhino09.187.

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BACKGROUND: For many years, researchers have been interested in investigating airflow and aerosol deposition in the nasal cavities. The nasal airways appear to be a complex geometrical system. Thus, in vitro experimental studies are frequently conducted with a more or less biomimetic nasal replica. AIM: This study is devoted to the development of an anatomically realistic nose model with bilateral nasal cavities, i.e. nasal anatomy, airway geometry and aerodynamic properties as close as possible to in vivo behaviour. METHODS: A specific plastination technique of cephalic extremities was developed by the Anatomy Laboratory at the Saint-Etienne University in the last 10 years. The plastinated models obtained were anatomically, geometrically and aerodynamically validated using several techniques (endoscopy, CT scans, acoustic rhinometry and rhinomanometry). RESULTS: Our plastination model exhibited a high level of anatomic quality, including a very good mucosa preservation. Aerodynamical and geometrical investigations highlighted a global behaviour of plastinated models perfectly in accordance with a nasal decongested healthy subject. CONCLUSIONS: The present plastination model provides a realistic cast of nasal airways, and may be a useful tool for nasal flow, drug delivery and aerosol deposition studies.

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Phuong, Nguyen Lu, Nguyen Dang Khoa, and Kazuhide Ito. "Comparative numerical simulation of inhaled particle dispersion in upper human airway to analyse intersubject differences." Indoor and Built Environment 29, no. 6 (January 8, 2020): 793–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x19894128.

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This study predicted the total and regional deposition of particles in realistic upper human airways and demonstrated the effects of intersubject variations in deposition fraction. Two airway models were studied under flow rates ranging from 0.45 to 2.4 m3/h and particle aerodynamic diameters from 1 to 10 μm. The total deposition predictions were validated using in vivo and in vitro experimental data. The intricate airway structures generated heterogeneities of airflow distributions and corresponding particle dispersions and depositions in the models. Nevertheless, with modified inertial parameters, the total deposition fraction curves of the two human upper airway models, as functions of flow rates, converged to a single function. However, regional particle deposition fractions differed significantly among the two models. The surface pressure and wall-shear stress distribution were investigated to assess the relationship of surface pressure and wall-shear stress with hotspot locations in upper airways of both models. For one subject (model A), the central nasal passage regions were found to be sites of higher deposition over the range of particle sizes and flow rates targeted in this study. For the other subject (model B), higher deposition was mostly observed in the vestibule region, caused due to particle inertia as the airway consisted of curvatures. The accelerated flow regions acted as a natural filter to high inertial particles. The results indicated that both total and regional depositions exhibited significant intersubject differences.

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Croce, Céline, Redouane Fodil, Marc Durand, Gabriela Sbirlea-Apiou, Georges Caillibotte, Jean-François Papon, Jean-Robert Blondeau, André Coste, Daniel Isabey, and Bruno Louis. "In Vitro Experiments and Numerical Simulations of Airflow in Realistic Nasal Airway Geometry." Annals of Biomedical Engineering 34, no. 6 (May 5, 2006): 997–1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10439-006-9094-8.

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4

Rosano, Jenna M., Nazanin Tousi, Robert C. Scott, Barbara Krynska, Victor Rizzo, Balabhaskar Prabhakarpandian, Kapil Pant, Shivshankar Sundaram, and Mohammad F. Kiani. "A physiologically realistic in vitro model of microvascular networks." Biomedical Microdevices 11, no. 5 (May 19, 2009): 1051–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10544-009-9322-8.

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5

Chen, John Z., Milad Kiaee, Andrew R. Martin, and Warren H. Finlay. "In vitro assessment of an idealized nose for nasal spray testing: Comparison with regional deposition in realistic nasal replicas." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 582 (May 2020): 119341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119341.

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6

Shanley, Kevin T., Goodarz Ahmadi, Philip K. Hopke, and Yung-Sung Cheng. "Simulated airflow and rigid fiber behavior in a realistic nasal airway model." Particulate Science and Technology 36, no. 2 (September 10, 2016): 131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02726351.2016.1208694.

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7

Wadell, Cecilia, Erik Björk, and Ola Camber. "Nasal drug delivery – evaluation of an in vitro model using porcine nasal mucosa." European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 7, no. 3 (February 1999): 197–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0928-0987(98)00023-2.

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8

Cantero, Daniel, Clare Cooksley, Camille Jardeleza, Ahmed Bassiouni, Damien Jones, Peter-John Wormald, and Sarah Vreugde. "A human nasal explant model to studyStaphylococcus aureusbiofilm in vitro." International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology 3, no. 7 (February 12, 2013): 556–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/alr.21146.

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9

Hughes, R., J. Watterson, C. Dickens, D. Ward, and A. Banaszek. "Development of a nasal cast model to test medicinal nasal devices." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 222, no. 7 (October 1, 2008): 1013–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544119jeim423.

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Bespak, a division of Consort Medical plc, and Queen's University Belfast have developed a viable and unique in-vitro testing capability for nasal drug delivery devices. The aim was to evaluate and optimize current and conceptual drug delivery devices by quantifying the deposition of drug in the various distinct regions of the nasal cavity. The development of this test apparatus employed computed tomography (CT) scan data of the human nasal cavity to construct an accurate representation of the human nasal airways. An investigation of suitable materials and manufacturing technologies was required, together with extensive analytical method development. It is possible for this technique to be further developed in an attempt to create a standardized apparatus based on nasal geometry that can be used to compare accurately deposition from drug delivery devices. This paper presents the issues encountered in the development of this test apparatus, including manufacturing and material limitations, investigation and choice of suitable materials, laboratory testing considerations, and the steps required to validate the analytical process.

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10

Jain, Ashish, Robert M. DiBlasi, Veena Devgan, Nisha Kumari, and Kunal Kalra. "Simple point of care continuous positive airway pressure delivery device (Jain-CPAP)." BMJ Innovations 5, no. 1 (January 2019): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjinnov-2018-000339.

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ObjectiveTo describe the effective pressure and FiO2 delivery to a realistic spontaneously breathing lung model using a novel, simple, inexpensive neonatal non-invasive bubble continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) device.MethodsThis experimental bench study was conducted at Bench Testing Laboratory at a Children’s Hospital. A realistic 3D anatomic airway model of a 28-week preterm neonate was affixed to the ASL5000 Test Lung to simulate spontaneous breathing with lung mechanics that are specific to a preterm neonate. The assembly was constructed on site using easily available nasal prongs, paediatric infusion set with a graduated chamber, three-way stop cocks and oxygen tubing. The adult nasal prong was used as cannulae. However, this assembly had the limitation of the lack of humidification and inability to deliver graduated oxygen. This assembly was attached to the anatomic airway with nasal prongs. Pressure and FiO2 were measured from within the lung model at different flow settings and recorded for 10 breaths.ResultsThere was a linear increase in the mean pressure in the 10 recorded breaths as oxygen flows were increased.ConclusionsOur nasal CPAP is a simple device, as it can be easily assembled at the point of care using simple, affordable supplies by the healthcare providers and can benefit the newborns with respiratory distress in the resource constraint settings.

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11

Schmidt, D. "Development of an in vitro human nasal epithelial (HNE) cell model." Toxicology Letters 88, no. 1-3 (November 1996): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4274(96)03720-4.

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12

Kubo, Hiroyuki, Ken-Ichi Hosoya, Hideshi Natsume, Kenji Sugibayashi, and Yasunori Morimoto. "In vitro permeation of several model drugs across rabbit nasal mucosa." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 103, no. 1 (February 1994): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-5173(94)90200-3.

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13

TAKEUCHI, Naoya, Kiyoshi BANDO, Tsutomu TAJIKAWA, Kenkichi OHBA, and Yasuo UESUGI. "Numerical simulation for respiratory airflow as a model of realistic human nasal cavity and nasopharynx." Journal of the Visualization Society of Japan 26, Supplement2 (2006): 99–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3154/jvs.26.supplement2_99.

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14

Bando, Kiyoshi, Naoya Takeuchi, Tsutomu Tajikawa, Kenkichi Ohba, and Yasuo Uesugi. "NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF RESPIRATORY AIRFLOW IN REALISTIC NASAL CAVITY MODEL(3C1 Cardiopulmonary & Respiratory Mechanics)." Proceedings of the Asian Pacific Conference on Biomechanics : emerging science and technology in biomechanics 2007.3 (2007): S204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeapbio.2007.3.s204.

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15

Takeuchi, Naoya, Tsutomu Tajikawa, Kiyoshi Bando, Kenkichi Ohba, and Yasuo Uesugi. "B215 Numerical Simulation of Respiratory Airflow in the Realistic Model of Human Nasal Cavity and Nasopharynx." Proceedings of the JSME Conference on Frontiers in Bioengineering 2005.16 (2005): 157–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmebiofro.2005.16.157.

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16

Takeuchi, Naoya, Kiyoshi Bando, Tsutomu Tajikawa, Kenkichi Ohba, and Yasuo Uesugi. "640 Numerical simulation for respiratory airflow as a model of realistic human nasal cavity and nasopharynx." Proceedings of the JSME annual meeting 2006.5 (2006): 201–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecjo.2006.5.0_201.

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17

Ahn, Justin, Wayne Kreider, Christopher Hunter, Theresa Zwaschka, Michael Bailey, Mathew Sorensen, Jonathan Harper, and Adam D. Maxwell. "Improving environmental and stone factors toward a more realistic in vitro lithotripsy model." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 141, no. 5 (May 2017): 3673–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4987972.

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18

Amirav, Israel, Asaf Halamish, Miguel Gorenberg, Hamza Omar, and Michael T. Newhouse. "More Realistic Face Model Surface Improves Relevance of Pediatric In-Vitro Aerosol Studies." PLOS ONE 10, no. 6 (June 19, 2015): e0128538. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0128538.

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19

Wengst, Annette, and Stephan Reichl. "RPMI 2650 epithelial model and three-dimensional reconstructed human nasal mucosa as in vitro models for nasal permeation studies." European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics 74, no. 2 (February 2010): 290–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2009.08.008.

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20

Gholizadeh, Hanieh, Hui Xin Ong, Peta Bradbury, Agisilaos Kourmatzis, Daniela Traini, Paul Young, Ming Li, and Shaokoon Cheng. "Real-time quantitative monitoring of in vitro nasal drug delivery by a nasal epithelial mucosa-on-a-chip model." Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery 18, no. 6 (January 19, 2021): 803–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17425247.2021.1873274.

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21

Hoefnagels-Schuermans, A., W. E. Peetermans, M. Jorissen, S. Van Lierde, J. van den Oord, R. De Vos, and J. Van Eldere. "Staphylococcus aureus adherence to nasal epithelial cells in a physiological in vitro model." In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal 35, no. 8 (September 1999): 472–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11626-999-0054-0.

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22

Mercier, Clément, Nathalie Perek, and Xavier Delavenne. "Is RPMI 2650 a Suitable In Vitro Nasal Model for Drug Transport Studies?" European Journal of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics 43, no. 1 (July 7, 2017): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13318-017-0426-x.

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23

FUJIMOTO, Masashi, Kenkichi OHBA, and Tsutomu TAJIKAWA. "B217 Manufacturing of a realistic model of human blood vessel using stereolithography and model experiment in vitro." Proceedings of the JSME Conference on Frontiers in Bioengineering 2005.16 (2005): 161–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmebiofro.2005.16.161.

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24

FUJIMOTO, Masashi, Kenkichi OHBA, and Tsutomu TAJIKAWA. "433 Manufacturing of a realistic model of human coronary arteries using stereolithography and model experiment in vitro." Proceedings of the Bioengineering Conference Annual Meeting of BED/JSME 2005.18 (2006): 285–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmebio.2005.18.285.

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25

Bequignon, Emilie, Christine Dhommée, Christelle Angely, Lucie Thomas, Mathieu Bottier, Estelle Escudier, Daniel Isabey, et al. "FcRn-Dependent Transcytosis of Monoclonal Antibody in Human Nasal Epithelial Cells In Vitro: A Prerequisite for a New Delivery Route for Therapy?" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 6 (March 19, 2019): 1379. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20061379.

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Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are promising therapies to treat airway chronic inflammatory disease (asthma or nasal polyps). To date, no study has specifically assessed, in vitro, the potential function of neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) in IgG transcytosis through the human nasal airway epithelium. The objective of this study was to report the in vitro expression and function of FcRn in nasal human epithelium. FcRn expression was studied in an air–liquid interface (ALI) primary culture model of human nasal epithelial cells (HNEC) from polyps. FcRn expression was characterized by quantitative RT-PCR, western blot, and immunolabeling. The ability of HNECs to support mAb transcytosis via FcRn was assessed by transcytosis assay. This study demonstrates the expression of FcRn mRNA and protein in HNEC. We report a high expression of FcRn in the cytosol of ciliated, mucus, and basal cells by immunohistochemistry with a higher level of FcRn proteins in differentiated HNEC. We also proved in vitro transepithelial delivery of an IgG1 therapeutic mAb with a dose–response curve. This is the first time that FcRn expression and mAb transcytosis has been shown in a model of human nasal respiratory epithelium in vitro. This study is a prerequisite for FcRn-dependent nasal administration of mAbs.

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Li, Debo, Qisheng Xu, Yaming Liu, Yin Libao, and Jin Jun. "Numerical Simulation of Particles Deposition in a Human Upper Airway." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 6 (January 1, 2014): 207938. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/207938.

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Based on the CT scanned images, a realistic geometric model from nasal cavity to upper six-generation bronchia is rebuilt. In order to effectively simulate the particle movement and deposition, LES model is used and the particles are tracked in the frame of Lagrange. Seven kinds of typical particles, including micron particles (1, 5, and 10 μm) and nanoparticles (1, 5, 20, and 100 nm), and three representative respiratory intensities are adopted as computational case, respectively. Deposition efficiency ( D E), deposition concentration ( D C), and capture efficiency ( C E) are introduced. Furthermore, the locations of particle deposition are visualized. The results indicate that the injecting particles from different nasal inlet present “transposition effect.”The D E values of micron particles are much higher than nanoparticles. The particle diameter plays a weaker role in nanoparticle depositions than micron particles. The highest values of D E and D C both occur in nasal cavity, while the highest C E up to 99.5% occurs in bronchus region.

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27

Pang, Chuan, Fengwei An, Shiming Yang, Ning Yu, Daishi Chen, and Lei Chen. "In vivo and in vitro observation of nasal ciliary motion in a guinea pig model." Experimental Biology and Medicine 245, no. 12 (May 20, 2020): 1039–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1535370220926443.

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In vitro airway specimens are widely used to evaluate airway ciliary function. However, the function of in vitro ciliated cells may be far different from their actual in vivo physiological conditions. Due to the lack of a valid technique, direct images of in vivo airway ciliary motion have never been captured and analyzed before. This study aims to examine nasal ciliary motion in living guinea pigs with comparison to in vitro observation. Nasal septum mucosa was exposed in anaesthetized guinea pigs and directly examined using a digital microscopy system. The study included three parts: (1) measurement of ciliary beat frequency (CBF) of nasal mucosa at room temperature in living guinea pigs and immediately after death, and in dissected mucosa specimens/cells for comparison; (2) monitoring of nasal ciliary motion, CBF, and ciliary beat distance (CBD) over 12 h in both living guinea pigs and dissected mucosa specimens/cells; and (3) measurement of ciliary motion changes in responses to temperature variations. Compared with when the animal was alive, the CBF after death and in dissected mucosa specimens/cells was lower by about 20% ( P < 0.05). CBF and CBD variation in living guinea pigs was within 10% over time. The slope of CBF/temperature profile was 0.18 ± 0.01 Hz/°C in living guinea pigs, 0.51 ± 0.02 Hz/°C for dissected mucosa specimens, and 0.48 ± 0.03 Hz/°C for isolated ciliary cells. The technique described in this study makes it feasible to study ciliary motion in living animals using the digital microscope system. Ciliary function changes immediately after death. Ciliary motion in a living animal is more stable over time and has a different response to temperature change as compared with in vitro observation results. Impact statement Cilia play an important role in the airway defense mechanism. So far, studies on ciliary function have mainly been based on in vitro methods. Images of in vivo ciliary motion are very difficult to capture. In this study, we describe a novel approach to observe and analyze nasal ciliary motion in living animals with comparison to in vitro observation. Such images of ciliary motion from living animals have not been reported to date. The result of the study indicates that in vivo ciliary physiological function differs from ex vivo and in vitro conditions in many ways, such as the stability over time and response to temperature variation. This is a good foundation for further in vivo analysis of airway ciliary physiological function in animals as well as humans.

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28

Kokai-Kun, John F., Scott M. Walsh, Tanya Chanturiya, and James J. Mond. "Lysostaphin Cream Eradicates Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Colonization in a Cotton Rat Model." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 47, no. 5 (May 2003): 1589–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.47.5.1589-1597.2003.

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ABSTRACT The anterior nares are a primary ecologic niche for Staphylococcus aureus, and nasal colonization by this opportunistic pathogen increases the risk of development of S. aureus infection. Clearance of S. aureus nasal colonization greatly reduces this risk. Mupirocin ointment is the current standard of care for clearance of S. aureus nasal colonization, but resistance to this antibiotic is emerging. Lysostaphin is a glycylglycine endopeptidase which specifically cleaves the cross-linking pentaglycine bridges in the cell walls of staphylococci. Lysostaphin is extremely staphylocidal (MIC at which 90% of isolates are inhibited, 0.001 to 0.064 μg/ml) and rapidly lyses both actively growing and quiescent S. aureus. This study demonstrates that a single application of 0.5% lysostaphin (actual dose, ∼150 μg of lysostaphin), formulated in a petrolatum-based cream, dramatically reduces S. aureus nasal colonization in 100% of animals tested and eradicates S. aureus nasal colonization in 93% of animals in a cotton rat model. A single dose of lysostaphin cream is more effective than a single dose of mupirocin ointment in eradicating S. aureus nasal colonization in this animal model. The lantibiotic peptide nisin, which has potent in vitro antistaphylococcal activity, was ineffective in reducing staphylococcal nasal carriage in this model. Nasal colonization was not reduced after three treatments with 5% nisin (∼1,500 μg/dose) in any of the treated animals. Lysostaphin formulated in cream may prove to be a superior alternative to mupirocin ointment for clearance of S. aureus nasal colonization.

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29

Schlachet, Inbar, and Alejandro Sosnik. "Mixed Mucoadhesive Amphiphilic Polymeric Nanoparticles Cross a Model of Nasal Septum Epithelium in Vitro." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 11, no. 24 (May 24, 2019): 21360–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.9b04766.

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30

Suzuki, Chihiro, Ryuki Shishido, Yoko Takakura, Taku Atsumi, Teruhisa Takeo, Kousuke Saitou, and Masahiro Iida. "7H15 In vitro study of flows in model of nasal cavities with paranasal sinuses." Proceedings of the Bioengineering Conference Annual Meeting of BED/JSME 2012.24 (2012): _7H15–1_—_7H15–2_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmebio.2012.24._7h15-1_.

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31

de Borja Callejas, Francisco, Asunción Martínez-Antón, Isam Alobid, Mireya Fuentes, Julio Cortijo, César Picado, Jordi Roca-Ferrer, and Joaquim Mullol. "Reconstituted Human Upper Airway Epithelium as 3-D In Vitro Model for Nasal Polyposis." PLoS ONE 9, no. 6 (June 19, 2014): e100537. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0100537.

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32

FUJIMOTO, Masashi, Kenkichi OHBA, Kiyoshi BANDO, Atsushi SAKURAI, and Tsutomu TAJIKAWA. "1004 Manufacturing and in vitro study of realistic model of human blood vessel using Stereolithography." Proceedings of Conference of Kansai Branch 2005.80 (2005): _10–7_—_10–8_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmekansai.2005.80._10-7_.

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33

Fujita, Daido, Kenkichi OHBA, Tsutomu TAJIKAWA, and Masashi FUJIMOTO. "630 Manufacturing and in vitro study of realistic model of human blood vessel using Stereolithography." Proceedings of the JSME annual meeting 2006.5 (2006): 181–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecjo.2006.5.0_181.

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34

Kissel, Thomas, and Ute Werner. "Nasal delivery of peptides: an in vitro cell culture model for the investigation of transport and metabolism in human nasal epithelium." Journal of Controlled Release 53, no. 1-3 (April 1998): 195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-3659(97)00253-8.

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35

Gardner, Michelle, P. Worth Longest, and Laleh Golshahi. "1044: UNDERSTANDING HIGH-FLOW NASAL CANNULA NONINVASIVELY WITH AN IN VITRO BREATHING INFANT LUNG MODEL." Critical Care Medicine 44, no. 12 (December 2016): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ccm.0000509720.96218.11.

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D. Kilgour, J., D. J. Alexander, and C. J. Reed. "DEVELOPMENT OF AN IN VITRO RAT NASAL EPITHELIAL MODEL FOR PREDICTING UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT TOXICITY." Toxicology Methods 8, no. 4 (January 1998): 301–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/105172398242862.

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37

NAKAO, Kenta, Kenkichi OHBA, and Tsutomu TAJIKAWA. "In vitro study on aortic stenosis and aortic regurgitation by using a realistic model aortic valve." Proceedings of the JSME Bioengineering Conference and Seminar 2002.13 (2002): 75–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmebs.2002.13.0_75.

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Gallego, Carolina, Stefany Romero, Paula Esquinas, Pilar Patiño, Nhora Martínez, and Carlos Iregui. "Assessment ofPasteurella multocidaA Lipopolysaccharide, as an Adhesin in an In Vitro Model of Rabbit Respiratory Epithelium." Veterinary Medicine International 2017 (2017): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8967618.

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The role of theP. multocidalipopolysaccharide (LPS) as a putative adhesin during the early stages of infection with this bacterium in the respiratory epithelium of rabbits was investigated. By light microscopy and double enzyme labeling of nasal septa tissues, the amount of bacteria attached to the respiratory epithelium and the amount of LPS present in goblet cells at different experimental times were estimated. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and LPS labeling with colloidal gold particles were also used to determine the exact location of LPS in the cells. Septa that were challenged with LPS ofP. multocidaand 30 minutes later withP. multocidashowed more adherent bacteria and more severe lesions than the other treatments. Free LPS was observed in the lumen of the nasal septum, forming bilamellar structures and adhering to the cilia, microvilli, cytoplasmic membrane, and cytoplasm of epithelial ciliated and goblet cells. The above findings suggest thatP. multocidaLPS plays an important role in the process of bacterial adhesion and that it has the ability of being internalized into host cells.

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Ghahramani, Ebrahim, Omid Abouali, Homayoon Emdad, and Goodarz Ahmadi. "Numerical analysis of stochastic dispersion of micro-particles in turbulent flows in a realistic model of human nasal/upper airway." Journal of Aerosol Science 67 (January 2014): 188–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2013.09.004.

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40

Ikeda, Seiichi, Fumihito Arai, Toshio Fukuda, Makoto Negoro, and Keiko Irie. "An In Vitro Patient-Specific Biological Model of the Cerebral Artery Reproduced with a Membranous Configuration for Simulating Endovascular Intervention." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 17, no. 3 (June 20, 2005): 327–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2005.p0327.

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We propose an in vitro patient-specific anatomical model of the human cerebral artery and its simulation of endovascular intervention, a potent treatment modality for cerebrovascular diseases. Our proposed model reproduces the 3-dimensional vasculature lumen, using computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) fluoroscopic information, within a thin artery-like membranous configuration having material properties close to arterial tissue. This cerebral arterial model reproduces an exceedingly realistic surgical feel, dynamic vascular deformation and, other important aspects involving endovascular intervention, realizing a highly realistic surgical simulation. We also propose another vasculature model that reproduces the subarachnoid space around the cerebral arteries. This version simulates endovascular intervention realistically. The model is compatible with current major imaging modalities such as CT, MR, and transcranial Doppler (TDC), and should provide effective platforms for applications, such as diagnosis, surgical planning, medical training, hemodynamic analysis and medical system development and evaluation, especially surgical robots.

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Ménard, Guillaume, Martine Bonnaure-Mallet, and Pierre-Yves Donnio. "Adhesion of Staphylococcus aureus to epithelial cells: an in vitro approach to study interactions within the nasal microbiota." Journal of Medical Microbiology 69, no. 10 (October 1, 2020): 1253–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001248.

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Introduction. Staphylococcus aureus is a skin and mucous commensal bacterium of warm-blooded animals. In humans, the nose is the main ecological niche of S. aureus , and nasal carriage is a risk factor for developing an endogenous infection. S. aureus nasal colonization is a multifactorial process, involving inter-species interactions among the nasal microbiota. Aims. The objectives of this study were to characterize the microbiota of carriers and non-carriers of S. aureus and to demonstrate the importance of inter-species relationships in the adhesion of S. aureus , a key step in nasal colonization. Methodology. First, we characterized the nasal microbiota from 30 S. aureus carriers and non-carriers by a culturomic approach. We then evaluated the adhesion of S. aureus , first alone and then along with other bacteria of the nasal microbiota. To do that, we used an in vitro model to measure the interactions among bacteria in the presence of epithelial cells. Results. Analysis of the nasal microbiota of the carriers and non-carriers of S. aureus made it possible to observe that each microbiota has specific features in terms of composition. However, this composition differs significantly between carriers and non-carriers mainly through two bacterial groups: coagulase-negative staphylococci and corynebacteria. In a second part, adhesion of S. aureus to epithelial cells showed competition between S. aureus and these bacteria, suggesting a limitation of nasal colonization by S. aureus . Conclusion. These findings demonstrate the existence of a negative correlation between S. aureus and other species which inhibits adhesion and could limit nasal colonization.

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Willinger, Lukas, Kiron K. Athwal, Andy Williams, and Andrew A. Amis. "An Anterior Cruciate Ligament In Vitro Rupture Model Based on Clinical Imaging." American Journal of Sports Medicine 49, no. 9 (June 11, 2021): 2387–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03635465211017145.

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Background: Biomechanical studies on anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries and reconstructions are based on ACL transection instead of realistic injury trauma. Purpose: To replicate an ACL injury in vitro and compare the laxity that occurs with that after an isolated ACL transection injury before and after ACL reconstruction. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Nine paired knees were ACL injured or ACL transected. For ACL injury, knees were mounted in a rig that imposed tibial anterior translation at 1000 mm/min to rupture the ACL at 22.5° of flexion, 5° of internal rotation, and 710 N of joint compressive force, replicating data published on clinical bone bruise locations. In contralateral knees, the ACL was transected arthroscopically at midsubstance. Both groups had ACL reconstruction with bone–patellar tendon–bone graft. Native, ACL-deficient, and reconstructed knee laxities were measured in a kinematics rig from 0° to 100° of flexion with optical tracking: anterior tibial translation (ATT), internal rotation (IR), anterolateral (ATT + IR), and pivot shift (IR + valgus). Results: The ACL ruptured at 26 ± 5 mm of ATT and 1550 ± 620 N of force (mean ± SD) with an audible spring-back tibiofemoral impact with 5o of valgus. ACL injury and transection increased ATT ( P < .001). ACL injury caused greater ATT than ACL transection by 1.4 mm (range, 0.4-2.2 mm; P = .033). IR increased significantly in ACL-injured knees between 0° and 30° of flexion and in ACL transection knees from 0° to 20° of flexion. ATT during the ATT + IR maneuver was increased by ACL injury between 0° and 80° and after ACL transection between 0° and 60°. Residual laxity persisted after ACL reconstruction from 0° to 40° after ACL injury and from 0° to 20° in the ACL transection knees. ACL deficiency increased ATT and IR in the pivot-shift test ( P < .001). The ATT in the pivot-shift increased significantly at 0° to 20° after ACL transection and 0° to 50° after ACL injury, and this persisted across 0° to 20° and 0° to 40° after ACL reconstruction. Conclusion: This study developed an ACL injury model in vitro that replicated clinical ACL injury as evidenced by bone bruise patterns. ACL injury caused larger increases of laxity than ACL transection, likely because of damage to adjacent tissues; these differences often persisted after ACL reconstruction. Clinical Relevance: This in vitro model created more realistic ACL injuries than surgical transection, facilitating future evaluation of ACL reconstruction techniques.

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Bartos, Csilla, Piroska Szabó-Révész, Tamás Horváth, Patrícia Varga, and Rita Ambrus. "Comparison of Modern In Vitro Permeability Methods with the Aim of Investigation Nasal Dosage Forms." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 6 (June 8, 2021): 846. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13060846.

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Nowadays, the intranasal route has become a reliable alternative route for drug administration to the systemic circulation or central nervous system. However, there are no official in vitro diffusion and dissolution tests especially for the investigation of nasal formulations. Our main goal was to study and compare a well-known and a lesser-known in vitro permeability investigation method, in order to ascertain which was suitable for the determination of drug permeability through the nasal mucosa from different formulations. The vertical diffusion cell (Franz cell) was compared with the horizontal diffusion model (Side-Bi-Side). Raw and nanonized meloxicam containing nasal dosage forms (spray, gel and powder) were tested and compared. It was found that the Side-Bi-Side cell was suitable for the investigation of spray and powder forms. In contrast, the gel was not measurable on the Side-Bi-Side cell; due to its high viscosity, a uniform distribution of the active substance could not be ensured in the donor phase. The Franz cell, designed for the analysis of semi-solid formulations, was desirable for the investigation of nasal gels. It can be concluded that the application of a horizontal cell is recommended for liquid and solid nasal preparations, while the vertical one should be used for semi-solid formulations.

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Gerber, Werner, Dewald Steyn, Awie Kotzé, Hanna Svitina, Ché Weldon, and Josias Hamman. "Permeation enhancement effects of leaf materials from different aloe species on in vitro and ex vivo nasal epithelial models." Journal of Herbmed Pharmacology 9, no. 4 (July 1, 2020): 355–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/jhp.2020.45.

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Introduction: The nasal route of drug administration offers an alternative way for oral drug delivery and has the benefit of avoiding first-pass metabolism through drug delivery directly into the systemic circulation. The drug absorption enhancing effects of selected aloe leaf materials have been shown across various delivery routes, but their efficacies in this regard across nasal epithelia have not yet been investigated. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of gel and whole leaf extract materials from three selected aloe species (Aloe vera, Aloe ferox and Aloe muth-muth) on FITC-dextran 4400 permeation across two nasal epithelial models. Methods: Permeation of FITC-dextran 4400 and histological studies were conducted on both RPMI 2650 cell layers and excised sheep nasal mucosa, while toxicity studies were conducted using a neutral red assay on the RPMI 2650 cell model. Results: Significantly increased (P ≤ 0.05) apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) values of FITC-dextran 4400 in the presence of the aloe materials as compared to the control were found with all three aloe species at the highest concentrations (1.5% and 3% w/v) in the RPMI 2650 cell line, while only Aloe muth-muth at the highest concentration exhibited significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher Papp values across the excised tissue model. Histological and neutral red analysis showed that Aloe vera materials exhibited detrimental effects, Aloe muth-muth only showed slight effects on cell viability and Aloe ferox exhibited no effect on the nasal epithelium. Conclusion: This in vitro study showed for the first time the potential of Aloe ferox and Aloe muth-muth leaf materials to enhance nasal drug delivery without causing damaging effects on the epithelium, while Aloe vera enhanced nasal drug delivery with detrimental effects as determined by means of cytotoxicity assays and histological analysis.

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Jung, Joo Hyun, Il Gyu Kang, Heung Eog Cha, Sung Ho Choe, and Seon Tae Kim. "Effect of Asian Sand Dust on Mucin Production in NCI-H292 Cells and Allergic Murine Model." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 146, no. 6 (March 8, 2012): 887–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0194599812439011.

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Objective. To investigate the effect of Asian sand dust (ASD) on mucin production in human respiratory epithelial cells in vitro and in allergic murine nasal epithelial cells. Study Design. Controlled, in vitro. Setting. Academic research laboratory. Materials and Methods. Human NCI-H292 cells were treated with ASD and analyzed by immunostaining, reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction for MUC5AC mRNA expression, and Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) staining. Forty female BALB/c mice were classified into 4 groups. Two groups were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA), and 1 of these was treated with ASD (ASD+OVA). The 2 nonsensitized groups were treated with ASD or saline. Then the murine nasal mucosal tissues were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, PAS staining, and immunostaining for MUC5AC and transforming growth factor (TGF)-α proteins. Results. The numbers of MUC5AC-immunopositive NCI-H292 cells and PAS-positive NCI-H292 cells were significantly higher in the ASD-treated cells than in the control cells ( P = .039 and P = .029, respectively). MUC5AC mRNA expression in the cells increased with increasing concentrations of ASD. In the murine nasal epithelial tissues, the numbers of eosinophils and PAS-positive cells were significantly higher in the ASD+OVA group than in the OVA group (H&E staining, P = .037; PAS staining, P = .019). At 2 weeks, the numbers of MUC5AC- and TGF-α–positive cells in the nasal epithelial tissue were significantly higher in the ASD+OVA group than in the OVA group ( P = .031 and P = .033, respectively). Conclusion. ASD can induce mucin production in respiratory epithelial cells.

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Ahn, Hyung Soo, and Denis DiAngelo. "Development of a Virtual Model and Experimental Simulator for the Human Cervical Spine." Key Engineering Materials 326-328 (December 2006): 769–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.326-328.769.

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In this study, we introduced a virtual model and experimental simulator applicable to kinematics and kinetics analyses of the human cervical spine. The geometry of cervical vertebrae was created from computer tomography images. The disc joints were modeled as load-based joints having non-linear viscoelastic properties defined by data from in vitro experiments. The facet joints were modeled to rotate freely and translate along facet planes. Ligaments were modeled as nonlinear spring-damper elements. Simulated testing of the virtual model was conducted and the global stiffness response passed all of the statistical comparison tests. The model provided realistic visualization of in vitro experimental protocol.

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Ladel, Simone, Patrick Schlossbauer, Johannes Flamm, Harald Luksch, Boris Mizaikoff, and Katharina Schindowski. "Improved In Vitro Model for Intranasal Mucosal Drug Delivery: Primary Olfactory and Respiratory Epithelial Cells Compared with the Permanent Nasal Cell Line RPMI 2650." Pharmaceutics 11, no. 8 (August 1, 2019): 367. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics11080367.

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Background: The epithelial layer of the nasal mucosa is the first barrier for drug permeation during intranasal drug delivery. With increasing interest for intranasal pathways, adequate in vitro models are required. Here, porcine olfactory (OEPC) and respiratory (REPC) primary cells were characterised against the nasal tumour cell line RPMI 2650. Methods: Culture conditions for primary cells from porcine nasal mucosa were optimized and the cells characterised via light microscope, RT-PCR and immunofluorescence. Epithelial barrier function was analysed via transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), and FITC-dextran was used as model substance for transepithelial permeation. Beating cilia necessary for mucociliary clearance were studied by immunoreactivity against acetylated tubulin. Results: OEPC and REPC barrier models differ in TEER, transepithelial permeation and MUC5AC levels. In contrast, RPMI 2650 displayed lower levels of MUC5AC, cilia markers and TEER, and higher FITC-dextran flux rates. Conclusion: To screen pharmaceutical formulations for intranasal delivery in vitro, translational mucosal models are needed. Here, a novel and comprehensive characterisation of OEPC and REPC against RPMI 2650 is presented. The established primary models display an appropriate model for nasal mucosa with secreted MUC5AC, beating cilia and a functional epithelial barrier, which is suitable for long-term evaluation of sustained release dosage forms.

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Okumo, Takayuki, Atsuko Furuta, Tarou Kimura, Kanako Yusa, Kazuhito Asano, and Masataka Sunagawa. "Inhibition of Angiogenic Factor Productions by Quercetin In Vitro and In Vivo." Medicines 8, no. 5 (May 12, 2021): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicines8050022.

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Background: Angiogenesis is well known to be an important event in the tissue remodeling observed in allergic diseases. Although there is much evidence that quercetin, one of the most abundant dietary flavonoids, exerts anti-allergic effects in both human and experimental animal models of allergic diseases, the action of quercetin on angiogenesis has not been defined. Therefore, in this study, we first examined the action of quercetin on the secretion of angiogenic factors from murine mast cells in vitro. We also examined the action of quercetin on angiogenic factor secretion in the murine allergic rhinitis model in vivo. Methods: Mast cells (1 × 105 cells/mL) sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA)-specific murine IgE were stimulated with 10.0 ng/mL OVA in the presence or the absence of quercetin for 24 h. The concentrations of angiogenic factors, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6 and IL-8 in the supernatants were examined by ELISA. BALB/c male mice immunized with OVA were challenged intranasally with OVA every other day, starting seven days after the final immunization. These mice were then orally administered quercetin once a day for five days, starting seven days after the final immunization. Clinical symptoms were assessed by counting the number of sneezes and nasal rubbing behaviors during the 10 min period just after OVA nasal provocation. The angiogenic factor concentrations in the nasal lavage fluids obtained 6 h after nasal antigenic provocation were examined by ELISA. Results: Quercetin significantly inhibited the production of angiogenetic factors induced by IgE-dependent mechanisms at 5.0 µM or more. Oral administration of 25.0 mg/kg quercetin into the mice also suppressed the appearance of angiogenetic factors in nasal lavage fluids, along with the attenuation of nasal symptoms. Conclusions: These results strongly suggest that the inhibitory action of quercetin on angiogenic factor secretion may be implicated in the therapeutic action of quercetin on allergic diseases, especially allergic rhinitis.

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Izumi, Yasufumi, Tsutomu Tajikawa, Atsushi Sakurai, Kenkichi Ohba, and Yasuo Uesugi. "B216 In vitro experiment on oscillatory flow in a model of the nasal cavities and pharynx." Proceedings of the JSME Conference on Frontiers in Bioengineering 2005.16 (2005): 159–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmebiofro.2005.16.159.

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MASON, J. D. T., S. J. SMITH, N. S. JONES, B. MAJUMDAR, and R. C. READ. "An in vitro model for measuring tryptase release from nasal mucosa in response to allergen challenge." Clinical Otolaryngology 19, no. 5 (October 1994): 407–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2273.1994.tb01258.x.

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