Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Réalité augmentée – Systèmes d'information géographique'
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Hugues, Olivier. "Réalité augmentée pour l'aide à la navigation. SIGMA : Système d'information Géographique Maritime Augmentée." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00655018.
Full textSt-Aubin, Bruno. "Vers le développement d'un système interactif et collaboratif de réalité augmentée géospatiale pour des applications en design urbain." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28265/28265.pdf.
Full textOver the years, the usefulness of geospatial data, in any given field, has been well established and countless innovations in the usage of such data have appeared. However, traditional geomatic tools used for the exploitation of data, despite their remarkable technological evolution in recent years, still contain certain limits concerning 3D visualization, interaction and their collaboration capacity that can limit spatial comprehension by a public of non-expert users. To overcome these limits, augmented reality technologies demonstrate interesting possibilities regarding the interaction and visualization of 3D geospatial data. In spite of the recent technological advances, these types of applications remain poorly explored, especially in geospatial contexts. Consequently, the development of geospatial augmented reality systems remains a laborious and experimental process. Considering this, we propose a study to establish the basis for the development of geospatial interactive and collaborative augmented reality systems. We have chosen to inscribe this study in the urban design and planning context, a domain of application for which the interaction and visualization of space plays a central role. The first part of this study presents the results of our literary and conceptual research, undertaken prior to the development of our prototype. The second part presents the prototype developed following the Unified Process methodology for software development as well as the results of the prototype experimentation step conducted afterwards. This research project completed, it appears obvious to us that augmented reality presents an interesting potential to overcome the limits of traditional geomatic tools. However, the realization of a complete solution would require the intervention of a larger pool of resources that are unavailable in the scope of a master’s project.
Hugues, Olivier. "Réalité augmentée pour l’ aide à la navigation." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14428/document.
Full textThis thesis was carried out under CIFRE partnership between the MaxSea company and the research ESTIA laboratory. The initial request made by the company referred to the need to improve safety on ships. This research thesis are at the crossroads of several areas such as Augmented Reality, Virtual Reality, geographic information systems, software engineering, image processing and social sciences. The first axis concerns the contributions to the improvement of knowledge in the field of augmented reality. In this chapter we present the foundations of augmented reality. We propose, based on our definitions and the work in virtual reality, our model of interaction and immersion in augmented reality, named 3i2RA.The next axis is used to specify the issues related to the use of navigational aids. The third axis presents our methodological contributions in the design of an aid to navigation. The goal is to provide a method for interfacing modeling activities and a method of agile software development. To illustrate our method, we present a practical design of a geographic information system for the navigation aid for which we approached the National Society Rescue Sea (SNSM).The last line shows our technological approach to achieve the required functionality. We will present in this section the software architecture based on three main components and the hardware architecture of our Geographic Information System Enhanced Maritime, SIGMA. We present a use case of SIGMA for traffic monitoring
Liu, Ruijun. "Construction de SIG3D à partir d'images et de contraintes cartographiques dans un contexte de réalité augmentée." Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ECDN0037.
Full textGIS (Geographical Information Systems) need several models to solve urban planning and management issues, among them are 2D and 3D geometric models. Integration of 3D information in GIS raises usual database challenges like 3D data modeling, acquisition and representation of the 3D information. The acquisition process confronts two different problems: first, how to extract enough information from the environment, such as a series of images or a video, this process also includes the localization of the information (known as geo-referencing); secondly, how to insert the 3D information into the GIS in an Augmented-Reality context. We present a method to insert 3D information aiming at enriching 3D-GIS. The first step is 3D structure information extraction. A street-view video sequence is captured. Then we extract 3D original feature points from the input video data by using Structure-from-Motion (SfM) technique and filter the outliers making benefit of GIS data. The second step is to reconstruct the buildings with computer vision techniques. We propose an automatic facades reconstruction algorithm, including splitting facades, computing the height of facades and facades rendering. Then we design the interactions to improve the results of automatic reconstruction. The last step is GIS updating. The existing old footprints are corrected by user knowledge or new footprints are generated. Finally, we insert or update 3D information into the GIS
Michel, Thibaud. "On mobile augmented reality applications based on geolocation." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAM068/document.
Full textApplications for augmented reality can be designed in various ways, but few take advantage of geolocation.However, nowadays, with the many cheap sensors embedded in smartphones and tablets, using geolocation for augmented reality (Geo AR) seems to be very promising.In this work, we have contributed on several aspects of Geo AR: estimation of device positioning and attitude, and the impact of these estimations on the rendering of virtual information.In a first step, we focused on smartphone attitude estimation.We proposed the first benchmark using a motion lab with a high precision for the purpose of comparing and evaluating filters from the literature on a common basis.This allowed us to provide the first in-depth comparative analysis in this context.In particular, we focused on typical motions of smartphones when carried by pedestrians.Furthermore, we proposed a new technique for limiting the impact of magnetic perturbations with any attitude estimation algorithm used in this context.We showed how our technique compares and improves over previous works.In a second step, we studied the estimation of the smartphone's position when the device is held by a pedestrian.Altough many earlier works focused on evaluation of localisation systems, it remains very difficult to find a benchmark to compare technologies in the setting of a commodity smartphone. Once again, we proposed a novel benchmark to analyse localisation technologies including WiFi fingerprinting, WiFi trilateration, SHS (Step and Heading System) and map-matching.In a third step, we proposed a method for characterizing the impact of attitude and position estimations on the rendering of virtual features.This made it possible to identify criteria to better understand the limits of Geo AR for different use cases.We finally proposed a framework to facilitate the design of Geo AR applications.We show how geodata can be used for AR applications.We proposed a new semantics that extends the data structures of OpenStreetMap.We built a viewer to display virtual elements over the camera livestream.The framework integrates modules for geolocation, attitude estimation, POIs management, geofencing, spatialized audio, 2.5D rendering and AR.Three Geo AR applications have been implemented using this framework.TyrAr is an application to display information on mountain summits and cities around the user.AmiAr allows one to monitor lights, shutters, tv in a smart appartment.Venturi Y3 is an AR-Tour of Grenoble with audio description and experiences
Kammoun, Slim. "Assistance à la navigation pour les non-voyants : vers un positionnement, un SIG et un suivi adaptés." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2035/.
Full textNavigation, especially in unknown areas, is a major problem for the visually impaired (VI). Over the past 50 years, a number of electronic travel aids (ETAs) have been developed with the aim of improving mobility of the VI. Despite many research efforts, these systems are rarely used. Although the explanation is likely to be incomplete, it is possible to identify three important factors : (1) positioning accuracy provided by these devices is not sufficient to guide a VI pedestrian, (2) these systems are based on Geographical Information Systems not adapted to pedestrian mobility, and (3) the guidance methods should be adapted to the task of VI pedestrian wayfinding. All these three components are sources of usability issues. In this thesis, committed in the collaborative research project called NAVIG, we present the design and implementation of an electronic navigation aid for the blind. In this work, we relied on the analysis of the needs of the visually impaired to propose solutions for improving positioning and guidance. First, we present a solution based on real-time fusion of A-GPS and embedded artificial vision positioning signals. The benefit of our device is two-fold : 1/ it provides a more accurate positioning, compatible with Blind mobility and guidance ; 2/ it matches the needs of Blind users in terms of space perception. Second, we define a classification of objects that should be included in every geographical information system (GIS) that is used in a navigation aid. This classification was based on multiple brainstorming and interviews with blind people and orientation and mobility (O&M) instructors. We present a database scheme integrating the principal classes proposed in this classification. We also propose a methodology allowing the selection of the most appropriate route, based on user needs, and relying on the proposed classification of geographical data. Finally, regarding pedestrian tracking, we propose 3 new strategies adapted to pedestrian navigation. The evaluation of those strategies was performed into a virtual environment framework. To do so, we designed a multimodal (input and output) Virtual Environment (VE) that simulates different interactions that could be used for space perception and guidance in an ETA. This platform subserves two goals : help designers to systematically test guidance strategies (i. E. For the development of new ETAs) and train blind people to use interactive ETAs, with an emphasis on cognitive mapping enhancement. Using this platform we performed several evaluations with 16 users to define the best tracking strategies. To conclude, the combined positioning (vision, GPS) was successfully evaluated in two real environments (Toulouse University campus, and a district in the Toulouse center). Results from evaluations of tracking strategies shown that it is very important to adapt such strategies to pedestrian navigation
Gervais, Renaud. "Towards High-Accuracy Augmented Reality GIS for Architecture and Geo-Engineering." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28989/28989.pdf.
Full textArchitecture and geo-engineering are application domains where professionals need to take critical decisions. These professionals require high-precision tools to assist them in their daily decision taking process. Augmented Reality (AR) shows great potential to allow easier association between the abstract 2D drawings and 3D models representing infrastructure under reviewing and the actual perception of these objects in the reality. The different visualization tools based on AR allow to overlay the virtual models and the reality in the field of view of the user. However, the architecture and geo-engineering context requires high-accuracy and real-time positioning from these AR systems. This is not a trivial task, especially in urban environments or on construction sites where the surroundings may be crowded and highly dynamic. This project investigates the accuracy requirements of mobile AR GIS as well as the main challenges to address when tackling high-accuracy AR based on omnidirectional panoramas.
Suleiman, Wassim. "Analyse de visibilité et géolocalisation en milieu urbain avec un modèle numérique 3D." Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01060183.
Full textRahajaniaina, Andriamasinoro. "La réalité virtuelle et la réalité augmentée pour des systèmes d'informations ubiquitaires dans le travail collaboratif mobile." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/926/.
Full textAugmented Reality is among of the techniques used to allow mobile users who are in different geographical area to share a model 2D/3D as primary tools for collaboration, using the same software on lightweight hardware or mobile computers. In this study, we proposed a modular architecture allowing the management of mobile collaborative Augmented Reality application. This architecture is designed so that the identification and the adaptation to the system are transparent to users. Vision and hybrid based tracking techniques are used to ensure the robustness of our system. The database is replicated in the servers and/or the clients. The technique of load balancing is used so that the communication between the client applications and servers is fault-tolerant
Moreau, Guillaume. "Représentation et construction des systèmes d'information par l'image." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Nantes, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00488770.
Full textBendraoua, Fouzia. "Dynamique urbaine, instruments d'urbanisme et réalité terrain du groupement urbain d'Oran (Algérie) : création d'un SIG et imagerie spatiale." Marne-la-Vallée, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MARN0274.
Full textDaussin, Guillaume. "Génération multi-modélisations et visualisation multi-rendus de systèmes d’informations géographiques : applications aux simulateurs de vol." Rennes 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REN1S140.
Full textThis thesis deals with the image realism enhancement in flight simulators using geographical information systems (GIS). The suggestion here is to implement different modeling techniques together in order to optimize object description. We also suggest using different rendering techniques that complement each chosen modeling technique. The geographical data is structured by bringing together objects into “layers”. These layers are optimized in order to create an interface between the simulation and the visualization systems. This structure improves the graphical quality of the objects and allows the simulation to act dynamically on the virtual world database. It is thus possible to perform geometrical deformations of objects in the GIS and to watch how those changes effect the visualization, on the one hand, and to insert, on the fly, new data into the SIG on the other hand. The dynamics and interactivity of the system lead to a reduction of the process of image synthesis production
Sourimant, Gaël. "Reconstruction de scènes urbaines à l'aide de fusion de données de type GPS, SIG et Vidéo." Rennes 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007REN1S127.
Full textThis thesis presents a new scheme for 3D buildings reconstruction, using GPS, GIS and Video datasets. The goal is to refine simple and geo-referenced 3D models of buildings, extracted from a GIS database (Geographic Information System). This refinement is performed thanks to a registration between these models and the video. The GPS provides rough information about the camera location. First, the registration between the video and the 3D models using robust virtual visual servoing is presented. The aim is to find, for each image of the video, the geo-referenced pose of the camera (position and orientation), such as the rendered 3D models projects exactly on the building images in the video. Next, textures of visible buildings are extracted from the video images. A new algorithm for façade texture fusion based on statistical analysis of the texels color is presented. It allows to remove from the final textures all occluding objects in front of the viewed building façades. Finally, a preliminary study on façades geometric details extraction is presented. Knowing the pose of the camera for each image of the video, a disparity computation using either graph-cuts or optical flow is performed in texture space. The micro-structures of the viewed façades can then be recovered using these disparity maps
Diallo, Belko Abdoul Aziz. "Aide à la prise de décision en situation de mobilité : proposition d’une solution mobile d’intelligence d’affaire géospatiale (GeoBI) sémantiquement augmentée et sensible au contexte mobile du décideur." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25717.
Full textThe rapid development of mobile computing has enabled the emergence and popularization of mobile devices whose increasing number and computing capabilities position them as potential alternative platforms to desktop computers. This technological progress has contributed to the emergence of a new category of business actors having no permanent workplaces, spending very short time in their offices, working directly on the field in various locations (home, car, plane, with the client at the hotel at the supplier, etc.) by using mobile and nomadic devices, and moving to places where business requires them: these are mobile workers including a large number of decision makers. Given this increasingly competitive business world where decision makers are increasingly mobile and are facing the need to take faster and suitable decisions based on relevant analysis, these mobile business people deserve to be supported with appropriate mobile decision support systems (DSS). To give an improved support to these mobile business professionals, this PhD thesis proposes to go further than just allowing a simple remote access to a Geospatial or non-geospatial Business Intelligence (GeoBI/BI) platform as do current solutions. It also proposes to take into account the location and the context of mobile professionals, and to enrich semantically BI data. To propose such a semantically augmented and context-based mobile GeoBI solution, the present thesis has endeavored on the one hand, to identify, model and enrich contextual information that is relevant to support GeoBI context-based reasoning. On the other hand, it has strived to provide a solution that semantically enriches business data in order to help decision makers discover semantic [cor]relations which might exist between the data. A prototype implementing a context-aware mobile application and a services-oriented architecture has been developed and tested as a proof of concept. These tests has shown among other things, that the prototype was able to answer and visualize the result of contextual queries such as: “Within 5 km around my current position, what are partnering companies that are competing with our owners; with the possibility of partnership/ownership relationships to be transitive, symmetric, or have the same semantics?”
Mekni, Mehdi. "Automated Generation of Geometrically-Precise and Semantically-Informed Virtual Geographic Environnements Populated with Spatially-Reasoning Agents." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27351/27351.pdf.
Full textOuellet, Etienne. "Représentation et manipulation de données de simulation dans un environnement virtuel immersif." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28502/28502.pdf.
Full textRichard, Julien. "Apport des SIG et de la réalité virtuelle à la modélisation et la simulation du trafic urbain." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1058/document.
Full textMapping and spatial data visualization are increasingly used to communicate to a wide audience, while providing specific expertise. We want to illustrate the application of geographical information systems to 4D urban traffic simulation thanks to new technologies such as virtual reality headsets. Road flow can be described in equations by discrete simulation (car by car) and continuous simulation (as a fluid flow).Firstly, we study the cartography history, more particularly the city representation over time. Urban traffic management is a critical piece for urban planners. Its representation has changed both with precise tools uses, and with current issues. An increase in urbanization leads us to be more and more farsighted of urban flows. It's not only a road networks question. These urbanization problems impact other networks as sanitation which are undersized dealing with population and surfaces damp-proofing increases. It's the same problem with the water supply which has to be replaced to cover the population needs, and more generally with all underground networks. We also study in this part the road network model via graphs and hypergraphs to optimize the code. Indeed, the chosen model, developed by Mr. Bouillé, the HBDS representation, is close to the object oriented code writing and helps to well structure a network. Afterwards we describe the development criterion through the raw data choice and the computer languages. Raw data choice is important to get the most realist simulation. The fact to make simulation all over the world, and not only in France, is one of the aims of this work. That's why we do a data analysis to find the best data to supply simulations. Then we expose methods and achievements that we implement for this study. In this part, we present the code organization and the geomatic tools helping to the city traffic simulation. We build many algorithms before coding, to optimize the conception time and to strengthen the created model. Moreover we talk about the benefits of a decision support tool in this context via the implementation tools :- Computer simulation,- Expert System with Artificial Intelligence creation. At least, visual results and perspectives are discussed. We describe the graphical user interface which had to be user-friendly. Indeed, owner user interfaces are often complicated. It has to be approachable to offer wide tools depending on users fields. As part of our thematic, we can limit interactions with the user and focus on targeted uses on simulation. We can also see the immersion view uses as the stereoscopy, technique underused in actual GIS
Cappelle, Cindy. "Localisation de véhicules et détection d'obstacles : apport d'un modèle virtuel 3D urbain." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10119/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with ego-Iocalization of intelligent vehicles and obstacles detection with virtual 3D city mode!. Vehicle localization uses several sources of infonnation : a GPS receiver, proprioceptive sensors (odometers and gyrometer), a video camera and a virtual 3D city mode!. The proprioceptive sensors allow to continuously estimate the dead-reckoning position and orientation of the vehicle. This dead-reckoning estimation of the pose is corrected by GPS measurements. Moreover, a 3D geographical observation is constructed to compensate the drift of the dead-reckoning localisation when GPS measurements are unavailable for a long time. The 3D geographical observation is based on the matching between the virtual 3D city model and the images acquired by the camera. Experimental results iIlustrate the developed approach. Moreover, the contribution of a virtual 3D city model is also studied for the detection and the localization of obstacles. Once the vehicle is localized in the 3D model, the obstacles of the infrastructure like buildings are known and localized. ln order to detect the other obstacles as vehicles, pedestrians, ... the real image acquired by the camera and the virtual image extracted from the virtual 3D model are compared, by considering that this kind of obstacles are in the real image but are absent from the virtual image. With the detph information available from the 3D model, the detccted obstacle are then localized. Experimental results are compared with Lidar measurements
Loubier, Jean-Christophe. "Perception et simulation des effets du changement climatique sur l'économie du ski et la biodiversité." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006990.
Full textPapadopoulos, Georgios. "Towards a 3D building reconstruction using spatial multisource data and computational intelligence techniques." Thesis, Limoges, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIMO0084/document.
Full textBuilding reconstruction from aerial photographs and other multi-source urban spatial data is a task endeavored using a plethora of automated and semi-automated methods ranging from point processes, classic image processing and laser scanning. In this thesis, an iterative relaxation system is developed based on the examination of the local context of each edge according to multiple spatial input sources (optical, elevation, shadow & foliage masks as well as other pre-processed data as elaborated in Chapter 6). All these multisource and multiresolution data are fused so that probable line segments or edges are extracted that correspond to prominent building boundaries.Two novel sub-systems have also been developed in this thesis. They were designed with the purpose to provide additional, more reliable, information regarding building contours in a future version of the proposed relaxation system. The first is a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) method for the detection of building borders. In particular, the network is based on the state of the art super-resolution model SRCNN (Dong C. L., 2015). It accepts aerial photographs depicting densely populated urban area data as well as their corresponding digital elevation maps (DEM). Training is performed using three variations of this urban data set and aims at detecting building contours through a novel super-resolved heteroassociative mapping. Another innovation of this approach is the design of a modified custom loss layer named Top-N. In this variation, the mean square error (MSE) between the reconstructed output image and the provided ground truth (GT) image of building contours is computed on the 2N image pixels with highest values . Assuming that most of the N contour pixels of the GT image are also in the top 2N pixels of the re-construction, this modification balances the two pixel categories and improves the generalization behavior of the CNN model. It is shown in the experiments, that the Top-N cost function offers performance gains in comparison to standard MSE. Further improvement in generalization ability of the network is achieved by using dropout.The second sub-system is a super-resolution deep convolutional network, which performs an enhanced-input associative mapping between input low-resolution and high-resolution images. This network has been trained with low-resolution elevation data and the corresponding high-resolution optical urban photographs. Such a resolution discrepancy between optical aerial/satellite images and elevation data is often the case in real world applications. More specifically, low-resolution elevation data augmented by high-resolution optical aerial photographs are used with the aim of augmenting the resolution of the elevation data. This is a unique super-resolution problem where it was found that many of -the proposed general-image SR propositions do not perform as well. The network aptly named building super resolution CNN (BSRCNN) is trained using patches extracted from the aforementioned data. Results show that in comparison with a classic bicubic upscale of the elevation data the proposed implementation offers important improvement as attested by a modified PSNR and SSIM metric. In comparison, other proposed general-image SR methods performed poorer than a standard bicubic up-scaler.Finally, the relaxation system fuses together all these multisource data sources comprising of pre-processed optical data, elevation data, foliage masks, shadow masks and other pre-processed data in an attempt to assign confidence values to each pixel belonging to a building contour. Confidence is augmented or decremented iteratively until the MSE error fails below a specified threshold or a maximum number of iterations have been executed. The confidence matrix can then be used to extract the true building contours via thresholding