Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Realtids-PCR'
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Johansson, Olle. "Detektion av Fusobacterium necrophorum med realtids-PCR." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, NV, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-9216.
Full textFusobacterium necrophorum are Gram-stain negative, anaerobic, bacteria that are grouped into subspecies necrophorum and funduliforme. Fusobacterium necrophorum ss. funduliforme has recently been suspected to play a role in common throat infections such as tonsillitis. The purpose of this work was to set up and test a method for real-time PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) according to Taqman with the purpose of detecting ss. funduliforme. We also examined how the storage time within transport medium (Amies charcoal, Copan) and culture medium (FAB-broth) affects the survival of the bacterium and the sensitivity of the culture and PCR methods. Bacterial suspensions of different concentrations were applied to pharyngeal sampling swabs and then directly incubated in transport medium. For each day the experiment lasted, a set of swabs of each concentration were cultured, DNA extracted, and real-time PCR performed. DNA extracted from ss. funduliforme was used as standards for the real-time PCR, with a minimum concentration of 10 DNA molecules per μL. Subspecies funduliforme could be detected from all days with real-time PCR while the cultures showed the best results if the sample was cultured within one day of collection. Real-time PCR can detect the presence of ss. funduliforme after prolonged storage and can therefore show accurate results for transported samples. Traditional culturing on growth medium is still a valuable and reliable method, provided that the samples are cultured within 24 hours. Culture may also be needed i.e. since PCR gives no information of the antibiotic resistance of the isolate.
Gubonin, Nikolaj. "Uttrycksmönster av kiseltransportörgener hos Chaetoceros affinis med realtids-PCR." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kemi och biomedicin (KOB), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-104392.
Full textDiatomer är vattenlevande, fotosyntetiska protister som kännetecknas av att dess cellväggsstruktur är uppbyggd av kiseldioxid. Kisel är ett begränsande näringsämne för diatomer. Den biotillgängliga formen av kisel i akvatisk miljö är kiselsyra. Eftersom den intracellulära koncentration av kisel är mångfaldigt högre än den extracellulära i de flesta akvatiska habitat, krävs kiseltransportörer (SIT) som aktivt pumpar in kiselsyran. Hos diatomen Chaetoceros affinis har två kiseltransportörer rapporterats, SIT1 (CaSIT1) och SIT2 (CaSIT2). Genuttrycket av CaSIT1 ökar vid låg koncentration av extracellulär kiselsyra (<30 µM), medan vid högre koncentrationer domineras transporten av diffusion. I motsats tycks CaSIT2 inte påverkas av variationer i tillgänglig kiselsyra, och dess roll vid transport av kiselsyra är oklar. Syftet med föreliggande arbete var att med realtids-PCR undersöka det relativa genuttrycket av CaSIT1 och CaSIT2 hos C. affinis. Diatomen odlades i två medium: en med komplett näringsinnehåll (kontroll) och en med samma näringsinnehåll förutom kisel (-Si). Därutöver odlades även C. affinis tillsammans med Cylindrotheca fusiformis, i respektive medium (mixad kultur). På grund av omfattande primer-dimers uteslöts CaSIT2 primers från analys av proverna. Det relativa genuttrycket av CaSIT1 ökade vid kiselbegränsning (ANOVA: p < 0,05), i enlighet med tidigare studier. Effekten av konkurrens resulterade däremot i en minskning av genuttryck (ANOVA: p < 0,05). Den kombinerade effekten (konkurrens och kiselbegränsning) resulterade inte i en signifikant förändring av genuttrycket (ANOVA: p = 0,38). Det var en ökad variation bland de mixade kulturerna, vilket eventuellt förklaras av degraderat RNA då RNA-kvalitén över lag var väldigt låg för de flesta prover. Resultaten i denna studie visar att realtids-PCR är en effektiv metod för att undersöka genuttryck av kiseltransportörgener, under förutsättning av primers utvärderats korrekt.
Magnusson, Maria. "Utveckling av multiplex realtids-PCR för genogruppering av invasiva Neisseria meningitidis." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap och medicin, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-35694.
Full textSavill, Rachel. "Validering av realtids-PCR-metod för Herpes simplex- och Varicella-zoster virus." Thesis, Hälsohögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, HHJ, Avd. för naturvetenskap och biomedicin, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-27225.
Full textSarwari, Wahida. "Optimering av realtids-PCR för identifiering och kvantifiering av Humant T-lymfotropt virus." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap och medicin, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-30038.
Full textJakobsson, Mikko Hanna. "Förekomsten av Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans hos ghananska ungdomar med tandlossning : En utvärdering med hjälp av realtids-PCR." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Biomedicinsk laboratorievetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-58536.
Full textGabrielsson, Lovisa, and Kristoffer Nilsson. "Detektion av Trichomonas vaginalis samt Mycoplasma genitalium med multiplex realtids-PCR : En prevalensstudie i Jönköpings län." Thesis, Hälsohögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, HHJ, Avd. för naturvetenskap och biomedicin, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-26962.
Full textThe request for detection of Trichomonas vaginalis and Mycoplasma genitalium in Jönköping County is low compared to Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Both T. vaginalis and M. genitalium have been associated with Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection and can cause infections such as salpingitis, potentially resulting in infertility. The pathogens have also been described to increase the risk of HIV transmission. The aim of this study was to detect T. vaginalis and M. genitalium by real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) to estimate the prevalence among individuals tested for C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae and HPV in Jönköping County. In individuals above the age of 25 years, tested for C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae, the prevalence was estimated to 5,5 % for M. genitalium and 0,13 % for T. vaginalis. In the same group the prevalence of C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae was 4,5 % and 0,13 % respectively. The prevalence in individuals tested for HPV was estimated to 2,3 % for M. genitalium and 0,26 % for T. vaginalis. Relevance of a more frequent request for detection of M. genitalium was concluded and single pathogen detection was not deemed to be optimal. Multiplex analysis for detection of sexually transmitted pathogens is encouraged.
Arponen, Omar. "Realtids-PCR för påvisande av plasmidburen ampicillinresistens : Kartläggning av förekomst i vattenisolat från Helge Å, Kristianstad." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Fakulteten för naturvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-18831.
Full textFolkesson, Carl, and Ola Christensson. "Genotypning av laktostolerans (LCT-13910C>T) direkt på blod med realtids-PCR : Utvärdering av Kapa Probe Force." Thesis, Hälsohögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, HHJ, Avd. för naturvetenskap och biomedicin, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-30807.
Full textAmong adults two phenotypes are found with regards to production of lactase, these are termed lactase persistence and lactose intolerance. Lactose intolerance is characterized by a low production of lactase, which leads to symptoms such as stomach ache and flatulence after the consumption of dairy products. A single nucleotide polymorphism (LCT-13910C>T) has been correlated with the occurrence of lactase persistence in northwestern Europeans. Genotyping of LCT-13910C>T is possible with melting curve analysis in real time PCR. The currently used method for genotyping of LCT-13910C>T at Ryhov County Hospital requires the extraction of DNA template from blood, due to the fact that the DNA-polymerase in the kit LightCycler® FastStart DNA Master HybProbe requires pure DNA template for analysis. With another DNA-polymerase, included in the kit Kapa Probe Force, analysis on crude samples such as pure blood should be possible. Evaluation of Kapa Probe Force included comparison of the results from both methods with regards to identification of genotypes LCT-13910C/C, C/T and T/T and with regard to imprecision. The results from Kapa Probe Force were 100 % consistent with the results from existing method and acquired melting temperatures (Tm) were all within the accepted ranges specified in the kit of primers and probes. The fluorescence of melting curves acquired with Kapa Probe Force was significantly lower, however this had no effect when it came to interpreting the results. A lower variation could also be seen between samples with Kapa Probe Force compared to existing method.
Persson, Julia. "Validering av en multiplex realtids-PCR för direkt detektion av Herpes simplex virus och Varicella zoster virus." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap och medicin, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-44982.
Full textKarlsson, Samuel, and Jansson Nelly Palma. "Jämförelse av kommersiella och InHouse kontroller för realtids-PCR vid diagnostik av Herpes simplexvirus 1 och 2." Thesis, Hälsohögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, HHJ, Avd. för naturvetenskap och biomedicin, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-40822.
Full textHerpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 which usually cause benign diseases but can even cause mortality. The diagnostics of herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 are performed with real-time Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In the real-time PCR method, specific deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequences are amplified into millions of copies which are then detected with fluorescein. Positive and negative controls are used in real-time PCR. The positive controls can be InHouse or commercial. The interpretation of the results includes inspection of the controls. DNA is subject to degradation processes of different kinds and can be stored in different ways to maintain stability. The purpose of the study was to compare the laboratory's InHouse controls with two commercial controls, to evaluate which of these were more stable over time. The evaluation was performed by analyzing the three controls with real-time PCR after they were stored in temperatures at -20° C, at 5° C and at 20° C, and were diluted in TE-buffer or in water. The commercial and InHouse controls proved to be equitable. Further studies carried out for a longer period of time, to a greater extent and where concentrations are the same for each control are suggested.
Estberg, Evelina, and Mirela Dulic. "Jämförelse av Fluidigm-PCR och realtids-PCR vid detektion av Rickettsia spp. : Samt undersökning av risken att drabbas av infektion efter bett av rickettsiainfekterad fästing." Thesis, Hälsohögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, HHJ, Avd. för naturvetenskap och biomedicin, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-40358.
Full textTick-borne infections are increasing, including infections caused by Rickettsia spp. The aim of this study was to examine the risk of developing an infection after being bitten by a tick infected with Rickettsia spp. Specificity and sensitivity of a Fluidigm-PCR assay were compared to real time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) assay when detecting Rickettsia spp. in ticks that had bitten humans. Possible correlation between the tick's feeding time and seroconversion against Rickettsia spp. was also investigated. A total of 753 ticks from 104 participants in Sweden and the Åland Islands (Finland) were analyzed with real-time PCR to detect the gltA gene specific for Rickettsia spp. 3.5 % of the samples were positive for Rickettsia spp. with real-time PCR, while only 1.3 % of the samples were positive with Fluidigm-PCR. Calculations showed that Fluidigm-PCR assay has lower specificity and sensitivity than the real-time PCR assay. Unfortunately, no conclusions could be drawn considering correlation between the tick's feeding time and seroconversion of the bitten humans since no participants who had seroconverted had also submitted ticks containing Rickettsia spp. Therefore, no conclusions could be drawn considering the risk of developing an infection after being bitten by a tick infected with Rickettsia spp.
STING-studien
Bravo, Mayra. "Genetisk kartläggning av mygg : Artbestämning av mygg genom barcoding." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Biomedicinsk laboratorievetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-58621.
Full textHossainy, Mobina. "Cryptosporidium, Giardia lamblia och Dientamoeba fragilis kan detekteras med högre sensitivitet med RT-PCR jämfört med mikroskopi." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Biomedicinsk laboratorievetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-58582.
Full textVernersson, Josefina. "Identifiering av icke-tuberkulösa mykobakterier och Mycobacterium tuberculosis med hjälp av PCR-teknik." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kemi och biomedicin (KOB), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-91014.
Full textTuberculosis mainly caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is one of the leading causes of death globally according to the World Health Organization (WHO). M. tuberculosis is included in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) which contains also Mycobacterium bovis, M. bovis BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) and Mycobacterium africanum. In addition to MTBC, non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are also included in the genus Mycobacterium. Cases of M. tuberculosis infections are usually reported in developing countries while NTM infections are more common in the western world. Today, sputum samples are used to diagnose tuberculosis but the bacteria can also be detected from analysis of fluids, secretions, excreta and tissues. Cultivation is a common diagnostic method but also use of microscopy and molecular biology techniques such as real-time PCR (polymerase chain reaction) which can amplify and detect M. tuberculosis for a rapid and specific analysis. The purpose of this study was to develop a real-time PCR method for detecting MTBC and distinguishing them from NTM in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples (FFPE). AnyplexTM MTB/NTMe real-time detection kit was compared with previously published primers senX3, MTC, IS6110 and IS1081. 21 FFPE samples were processed by DNA extraction for further analysis with real-time PCR for amplification and detection and fragment analysis for size determination. The results show that the kit meets the requirements for distinguishing MTBC from NTM both with purified strains and samples from FFPE material while the different primer combinations senX3, MTC, IS6110 and IS1081 don't. To conclude, the AnyplexTM MTB/NTMe kit can be used for diagnostics of MTBC and NTM from FFPE samples.
Bermudez, Carolina. "Typning av HLA-B*27: En jämförelsestudie mellan två analyser för att påvisa HLA-B*27 molekylen i Ankyloserande Spondylit." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-24695.
Full texttyping of hla-b*27:a comparison study between two analysing methods for the detection of the HLA-B*27 molecule in ankylosing spondylitisCarolina BermudezBermudez, C. Typing of HLA-B*27. A comparison study between two analysing methods for the detection of the HLA-B*27 molecule in Ankylosing spondylitis. Degree project in Biomedical Laboratory Science, 15 credit points. Malmö University: Faculty of Health and Society, Department of Biomedical science, 2018.Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) are tissue antigens located on our white blood cells. The HLA-B*27 allele is strongly related to Ankylosing spondylitis (AS). It is a chronical inflammatory rheumatic disease that primarily affects the spine, the pelvis and the chest. At present, there is no single laboratory method that with all certainty may determine diagnosis of this disease, before the clinical symptoms appear. Typing of HLA-B*27 only gives information about the presence or absence of the antigen, upon the investigation of AS. Furthermore, HLA-B*27 is a polymorph and the different types of alleles, strongly vary among different ethnic groups and also between geographic regions. Genetic- and environmental factors also affect. Development of disease in conjunction with the presence of the HLA-B*27 allele, therefore varies from one individual to another. So, the method only functions as a complementary tool, to further confirm diagnosis. The aim of this study was to perform HLA-B*27 typing with realtime-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using Linkseq kit and compare the analysed results with those results that were retrieved from the internal database of the hospital, where typing of HLA-B*27 had been performed with PCR-SSP (sequence specific primers). All results agreed with 100%, which indicates that the method functions well. There are studies that show that the heavy chains (HLA-B*272) of the HLA-B*27 molecule have a stronger affinity than other HLA-molecules of binding in to killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs). Increased stimulation of interleukins (IL) primarily IL17 and IL23, following binding to KIRs, contributes to the pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis. However, there is no HLA-B*272 specific antibody that may prove this and therefore more investigation is needed, in order to find one. A new laboratory method could then be developed to determine diagnosis of AS at an early stage, before the clinical symptoms emerge. Keyword: Allelvariants, Ankylosing spondylitis, HLA-B*27, KIR, PCR-SSP, Realtime-PCR.
Wadenius, Tove. "Framtagande av PCR-metod för diagnostik av Toxoplasma gondii- infektion." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-25032.
Full textToxoplasma gondii is a unicellular organism that can cause severe damage in immunocompromised patients or in fetuses when the mother is infected during pregnancy. Through development of a real time-PCR based method for detection of T. gondii-DNA, the diagnostics is planned to be relocated from the department of Clinical Pathology in Lund and the Karolinska University Laboratory in Huddinge to the department of Clinical Microbiology in Lund. The method was built on amplification of REP-529 and the B1-gene of the T. gondii genome, both present in multiple copies. Primers were tested on purified T. gondii DNA with conventional PCR as well as real time PCR with EvaGreen dye. Primers with high amplitude and low Ct-value were selected for both REP-529 and B1. Hybridizing probes were applied to increase specificity and the method was evaluated on T. gondii-DNA extracted from Formalin-Fixed, Paraffine-Embedded (FFPE) tissue as well as purified DNA from ten different strains of T. gondii. The amplification of REP-529 yielded a higher amplitude and lower Ct-value compared to that of B1 but the lower limit of quantification seemed to correlate between the two, with 1,8 genome-copies/µl.
Sundin, Katarina. "Inventering av en ny variant av mecA hos cefoxitin-resistenta Staphylococcus aureus." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-26281.
Full textMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aure s (MRSA) has become a more frequent pathogen within health care facilities and the community. MRSA causes infections that can’t be treated with β-lactamantibiotics. To prevent the spread of MRSA, patients and medical personnel undergo screening-tests. In the screening-tests PCR-analysis of mecA, nuc and/or Sa442 is included. MecA is located at Staphylococcal Chromosomal Cassette mec (SCCmec) and is a marker for MRSA, whereas nuc and Sa442 state regular S. Aureus infections. PCR-positive isolates are grown on agar plates after enrichment in selective broth. Colonies of S. aureus are tested for cefoxitin susceptibility to which MRSA is resistant. PCR-analysis of mecA is the reference method that is being used today when MRSA is being diagnosed. During the last decade cefoxitin-resistant strains that lack mecA in the PCR has been reported. In 2011 a new variant of SCCmec and a new variant of mecA, mecALGA251 was reported. In this study a new real-time-PCR has been developed in order to identify mecALGA251. The new PCR protocol was being used to examine 43 clinical isolates, four cefoxitin-susceptible S. aureus from the routine and three reference strains were examined. The clinical isolates had been collected during the period 2004-2011 and were cefoxitin-resistant but lacked mecA. In total of 40 of the 43 cefoxitin-resistant was PCR positive for mecALGA251. Susceptibility testing with disk diffusion and E-test for cefoxitin, oxacillin, cefuroxime and cefotaxime showed that this type of MRSA can’t be distinguished from regular MRSA. The results showed that cefoxitin-resistantS. aureus isolates carrying mecALGA251 exist among patients in Skåne County. One cefoxitin-resistant S. aureus isolate lacked both classic mecA and mecALGA251, which indicates that other mechanisms may exist, however these results has not been further analysed in this study.
Andersson, Sara, and Emma Lidman. "Underdiagnostisering av tarmparasiter hos patienter med diarrébesvär." Thesis, Hälsohögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, HHJ. Biomedicinsk plattform, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-36532.
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