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Academic literature on the topic 'Réanimation – Dissertations universitaires comme sujet'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Réanimation – Dissertations universitaires comme sujet"
Rigaud, Jean-Philippe. "Information des proches et démarche diagnostique en réanimation." Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05T054.
Full textInformation of relatives in intensive care unit is often difficult because of emergency, absence of relatives, respect of confidentiality and patient’s wishes and more often, because of absence of legal representative. French law does not provide for information of the next of kin in intensive care unit. We carried out two studies among intensivists on information about diagnostic processes during patient stay and immediatly after death. We suggested that a new approach of information could join respect of patient’s autonomy and beneficience towards relatives
Borel, Marie. "Admission et non admission en réanimation : comment décider?" Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA05T030.
Full textTo propose or not a patient in intensive care, then to decide or not to take care of him in intensive care is a complex process, under pressure, without standards formally established. For the patient it is about to be a potentially vital stake. For the intensivist doctor, the stake is to make the good decision for the benefit of its patient, apart from any context of unreasonable obstinacy. Three types of different populations were considered: admitted patients, refused patients and not proposed patients. Study proceed in the surgical intensive care of Rouen University Hospital. In a parallel way we studied decision making to admit or to refuse patients for the intensive care, over one one year period. Privileged interlocutors of this same unit sought to explore the question of the not proposed patients. Objectives were to analyze the decision-making process under an ethical point of wiew. 298 decisions of refusal or admission were analyzed. 21 doctors answered the questionnaires. The process, in spite of an absence of definite standards appears relatively homogeneous. To decide is not perceived like a major complexity. The responsibility for the decision is assumed by the intensivist doctors. Contextual factors contribute to a process under pressure. To ensure the autonomy of the patients is difficult in particular taking into account frequently unconscious patients. The question of the lack of place is a persistent problem which can resound on the principle of justice, but does not appear however crucial. Collegiality appears used but not really in its literal definition. Fruit of the resolution of the decision-making process remains about the vital one for considerable patients. To try to make this process more normalized and perhaps more ethical is possible. The principle of a reflexion anchored on the principles of beneficence, non maleficence, autonomy and justice appears relevant. Beyond of these principles, the collegial instruction can help to solve the most complex problems. The systematic return on each file of patients admitted like refused in a narrative rebuilding, could contribute to the construction of an ethical process
Quenot, Jean-Pierre. "La collégialité en fin de vie en réanimation : pertinence et retombées de la loi du 22 avril 2005." Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA05T043.
Full textThe law dated 22 April 2005 relative to the rights of patients at the end of life aimed to assuage the fears of both patients and their families concerning unreasonable medical choices, as well as to guarantee the respect of a collegial decision-making process when the patient is unable to make his/her own decisions. The challenges of applying this law in the setting of critical care, where decisions to limit or interrupt treatment are frequent, involve both medical and non-medical staff. Our work consists of several before-and-after type studies, and shows that considerable changes in our way of administering care can affect not only patients hospitalised in critical care, but can also affect the incidence of professional burn-out syndrome among medical staff and post-traumatic stress disorder among relatives of patients at the end of life. The repercussions of this law have been a collective increase in awareness among the healthcare team regarding the ethics of care in the setting of end-of-life, and an interdisciplinary approach with a more global and humane vision of the patient
Cremer, Robin. "Problèmes éthiques posés par l'application des recommandations des sociétés savantes concernant la limitation et l'arrêt des traitements en réanimation pédiatrique." Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05T050.
Full textPurposes: to search for ethical problems that could be induced by the application of French guidelines concerning decisions to limit treatments (DLT) in paediatric critical care units (PICU). Methods: 4 prospective studies to evaluate incidence and prevalence of questioning about DLT, adhesion to the guidelines, outcome of surviving children and clinicians' feeling about the procedure. Results: Prevalence of questioning was 4% of admitted children and prevalence 10 % patient-days. GFRUP's procedure was entirely completed in two thirds of cases. The guidelines allowed to pass the level of moral obligations and prohibitions out, and to directly access to "how to do" questions. The segmentation of these guidelines, subspecialty by subspecialty, permitted avoiding unproductive confrontations of theoretical principles. Currently, this segmentation reaches its limits, particularly for patients who survive after a DLT was made and who are discharged toward another team
Baudry, Nathalie. "Cytokines, hypoxie et microcirculation." Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05CD06.
Full textAchour, Benharrats Soumeya Lydia. "Environnement d'acquisition des connaissances pour la création de systèmes d'aide à la décision médicale : application à la prescription transfusionnelle." Paris 5, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA05CD03.
Full textDoenaga, Diana. "Mécanismes moléculaires de l'action de Grb14 sur la différenciation, le métabolisme adipocytaire et la prolifération cellulaire." Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05T027.
Full textCurrently, obesity and type 2 diabetes are pathologies in full expansion in the developed countries. These two diseases are linked to insulinoresistance, phenomenon which is characterized by the loss of effectiveness of insulin action. The subject of my study, Grb14, is a molecular adapter of the Grb7 family which is expressed specifically in insulin sensitive tissues. It is an inhibitor of insulin signaling which interacts with the IR and blocks its tyrosin kinase activity. My work consisted in determining the influence of Grb14 on adipocytes function, and studying the molecular determinants of Grb14 molecular interactions in insulin signaling. I highlighted a new role of Grb14: its inhibiting influence on the secretion of leptin. New assumptions were raised in order to understand the link between Grb14 and insulin sensitivity, but also in order to determine if Grb14 could be implicated in cancer. Thus, my results showed that Grb14 is a protein which is involved in multiple cellular events
Begriche, Karima. "Désordres métaboliques induits par un déficit partiel en leptine : influence du régime alimentaire et prévention." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077197.
Full textLeptin , an adipokine mainly expressed in adipose tissue, plays a central role in the control of food intake and energy expenditure. Total leptin deficiency due to missense leptin (ob) gene mutation leads to morbid obesity, type 2 diabetes and massive steatosis in ob/ob mice or in men. Although total leptin deficiency is extremely rare in humans, a larger number of individuels could have low levels of leptin as the consequence of a heterozygous mutation within the ob gene (partial leptin deficiency, PLD). PLD mice (ob/+ mice) could be an experimental model to study genetic predisposition to overweight and metabolic abnormalities. In the first part of my thesis, by feeding ob/+ mice with an hypercaloric diet (HC diet), we try to show how a calorie excess can dramatically increase body fat mass and promote associated metabolic disorders. Our results clearly demonstrated that a PLD under HC feeding promotes obesity, glucose intolerance (associated with a mild insulin résistance), post-absorptive hypertriglyceridemia and steatohepatitis. In the second part of my thesis, we try to determine if a leptin supplementation or whether a β- aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA, a catabolite of thymine) administration could prevent or not most of the disorders in ob/+ mice fed the HC diet. Our results showed that leptin supplementation and BAIBA administration were susceptible to prevent totally or partially most of the metabolic disorders in ob/+ mice fed the HC diet
Muzard, Julien. "Glycoprotéine VI plaquettaire : développement d'un fragment d'anticorps recombinant anti-thrombotique et d'un peptido-mimétique." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077174.
Full textGlycoprotein VI (GPVI), the major receptor for platelet activation by collagens, plays an important role in arterial thrombosis, a pathologic process common to cardiovascular diseases. Inhibition of GPVI-collagen interaction could represent an attractive strategy to develop antithrombotic molecules. Two approaches were evaluated in this study : 1) Blocking GPVI with a recombinant antibody fragment, and 2) Using a soluble peptidomimetick witch compete with GPVI for binding to collagen. Strategy 1 : Starting from 9O12. 2 hybridoma secreting a monoclonal IgG, a recombinant single chain antibody fragment was design and expressed as a recombinant protein in the periplasm of bacteria. It retains the binding proprietes of the parental IgG (high affinity, neutralisation of GPVI-collagen interaction). Purified scFv is able to inhibit platelet aggregation induced by collagen in vitro in conditions which mimick the arterial flow. The humanized scFv were next obtained an it can be use as a starting block to design a recombinant therapeutic humanized Fab fragment. Strategy 2 : After screening of a random dodecapeptide library expressed at the bacterial surface with the neutralizing antibody IgG 9O12. 2, solubles peptidomimeticks of human GPVI were identified. One of them were synthetized as constrained peptide. It binds to collagen, compete with GPVI for binding to collagen (KD=10"8M). Fibrosis (collagen accumulation) was detected in vivo using radiolabelled peptide. This capacity to bind to collagen is used to develop an non invasive isotopic imagery method for the diagnostic and the evolution of fibrosis
Bidet, Philippe. "Caractérisation génétique d'un sous-groupe hautement virulent de Escherichia coli responsable de pathologies extra-intestinales." Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05T020.
Full textUsing DNA-array method, we developed a PCR able to detect the highly virulent E. Coli subgroup characterized by ribotype B2i and Sequence-Type 29 (EcMLST). Combining MLST and serotyping, we were able to distinguish among E. Coli strains belonging to this subgroup and causing invasive diseases in infants, three «sequence-O-types» associated with urosepsis (STc2902), meningitis (STc29018) or both syndromes (STc29O4S). Strain S88, representative of the STC29045 emerging clone in France has been sequenced in the Coliscope project. We found that two different traits of this strain, a new O antigen and a ColV plasmid close to those of avian pathogenic strains, are essential for its virulence in a neonatal meningitis rat model. Unraveling the origin of this clone will be aided by the molecular tools we have developed