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Meyers, Tom. "The effect of the Reaset Approach on the autonomic nervous system, state-trait anxiety and musculoskeletal pain in patients with work-related stress: A pilot study." Bachelor's thesis, Dresden International University, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-204179.
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Background: Work-related stress (WRS) is associated with musculoskeletal pain (MSP), changes in the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and anxiety. Objective: To determine the feasibility of a follow-up study and treatment efficacy of the Reaset Approach on MSP, ANS and State-Trait anxiety. Methods: 15 subjects with WRS and MSP were assigned into 3 groups (Body, Head-Neck, Head-Neck-Body). Each group received a single 25 minute ‘Reaset Approach’ intervention. Heart rate variability (HRV), electro-dermal activity (EDA), State Trait Anxiety (STAI) and MSP were measured. Results: HRV parameters: SDNN increased in 13 of 15 subjects while SD1 and SD2 increased in 12 of 15 subjects. EDA reduced in 10 of 14 subjects. State Anxiety reduced in all subjects and Trait Anxiety reduced in 14 of 15 subjects. MSP reduced in all subjects after the intervention and were still lower three days afterwards. Conclusions: This pilot study determined that a follow-up study can ensue provided minor modifications are implemented and that the ‘Reaset Approach’ has an influence on the ANS, anxiety and MSP. Results do differ between groups. The intervention groups including the head and neck modalities demonstrated better resultsHintergrund: Arbeitsbedingter Stress (ABS) ist verbunden mit muskelschmerzen, Veränderungen im autonomen Nervensystem (ANS) und Angst. Ziel: Machbarkeit einer Follow-up-Studie und Wirksamkeit der Behandlung des Reaset Ansatzes auf ANS, Muskelschmerzen und State und Trait- Angst bestimmen. Methoden: 15 Patienten mit ABS und Muskelschmerzen wurden in 3 Gruppen eingeteilt (Körper, Kopf-Hals, Kopf-Hals-Körper). Jede Gruppe erhielt eine einzige 25 Minuten dauernde 'Reaset Approach’-Behandlung. Herzfrequenzvariabilität (HRV), elektro-dermale Aktivität (EDA), State-Trait-Angstsinventar (STAI) und Muskelschmerzen (SF-MPQ) wurden gemessen. Ergebnisse: Die HRV-wert: SDNN ist bei 13 von 15 Probanden erhöht, während SD1 und SD2 bei 12 von 15 Probanden zugenommen hat. EDA war bei 10 von 14 Probanden reduziert. Die State-Angst hat bei allen Probanden und die Trait-Angst bei 14 der 15 Probanden abgenommen. Muskelschmerzen waren bei alle Probanden anschließend an und drei Tage nach der Intervention reduziert. Schlussfolgerung: Diese Pilotstudie hat gezeigt, dass eine Follow-up-Studie fortgesetzt werden kann, sofern kleinere Änderungen durchgeführt werden. Die 'Reaset Approach’ hat einen günstigen Einfluss auf die ANS, State-Trait-Angst und Muskelschmerzen. Ergebnisse zwischen den Gruppen sind unterschiedlich. Die Interventionsgruppen mit einschließlich der Kopf-Hals-Modalitäten zeigten bessere Ergebnisse
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Truong, Quoc Dung. "Reason Maintenance Systems :the dual approach." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211587.
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Gold, Natalie. "Framing and decision making : a reason-based approach." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.417124.
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Gray, Sean. "Reading minds: an interdisciplinary approach to reader-response critcism." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103708.
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This thesis brings aspects of research on human consciousness to bear on reader-response criticism. I believe that such an interdisciplinary approach has the potential to provide the theories I consider (and reader-response criticism in general) with a more specific and effective set of conceptual tools for understanding readers, reading processes, and response. In chapter one of this thesis I consider the precise ways in which approaches to consciousness may communicate with, and specify reader-response criticism. I offer perspectives on works by Stanley Fish (Is There a Text in This Class?), Wolfgang Iser (The Act of Reading), and Roland Barthes (Image, Music, Text) that foreground a common need for specific 'consciousness components.' I then offer some preliminary suggestions as to how these consciousness components might be integrated into the existing theories. I continue in chapter two to construct basic consciousness components for each of the above mentioned reader-response theories. I integrate Daniel Dennett's (Consciousness Explained) Multiple Drafts Model of consciousness into my discussion of Fish, John Searle's (The Mystery of Consciousness) concept of objective consciousness into my discussion Iser, and Richard Dawkins' (The Selfish Gene) concept of memetics into my discussion of Barthes. I conclude the thesis with a brief discussion of the ways in which textuality based approaches to interpretability redefine the distinctions between readers and texts in ways that are complimentary to my consciousness based approach.Cette thése apporte aspects de la recherche sur la conscience humaine à porter sur la critique lecture-réponse. Je crios qu'une telle approche interdisciplinaire a le potentiel pour fournir les théories que je considère (et la critique lecture-réponse en général) avec un ensemble plus précis et efficace des outils conceptuels pour mieux comprendre les lecteurs, les processus de lecture, et la réponse. Dans le premier chapitre de cette thèse je considère la manière précise dont les approches à la conscience peuvent communiquer, et préciser la critique lecteur-réponse. Je vous offre des perspectives sur les oeuvres de Stanley Fish (Is There a Text in This Class?), Wolfgang Iser (The Act of Reading), et Roland Barthes (Image, Music, Text) qui servent d'exemple d'un besoin commun pour des "composantes de la conscience." Ensuite, je présente quelques suggestions prélimenaire sur la façon dont ces composantes de la conscience pourraient être intégrées dans les théories existantes. Je continue dans le deuxième chapitre à bâtir des composantes de base de la conscience pour chacune des théories lecteur-réponse ci-dessus mentionnées. J'incorpore le modèle "Multiple Drafts" de la conscience de Daniel Dennett (Consciousness Explained) dans ma discussion de Stanley Fish, la notion de la conscience objective de John Searle (The Mystery of Consciousness) dans mon analyse de Wolfgang Iser, et le concept de la mimetics de Richard Dawkins (The Selfish Gene) dans ma discussion de Roland Barthes. En conclusion, je discute le rapport entre les approaches basées sur la textualité et la compréhension de texte et comment ci-dessus redéfinit les distinctions entre les lecteurs et les textes de manières qui sont complémentaires à mon approche basée sur la conscience.
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Strahan, Esther Yodor, Wallace E. Jr Dixon, and J. Burton Banks. "Parenting With Reason: Evidence-Based Approaches To Parenting Dilemmas." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2009. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu_books/189.
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Sometimes it feels as though everybody has an opinion on how you should bring up your child – and no two people seem to agree on how it should be done for the best! Parenting with Reason cuts through the masses of confusing and often contradictory advice about parenting by providing hard evidence to back up the tough decisions all parents face. Unlike many self-help guides to parenting which are based on the opinion of one author, this book is based on many findings from scientific research, giving you a trustworthy, ‘evidence-based’ guide to help see your way through parenting dilemmas.
Written by a clinical psychologist, a developmental psychologist and a doctor of family medicine, the book looks at pressing questions such as: 'What should I do when my child acts up?', 'How can I get my baby to sleep through the night?' and 'How do I begin to toilet-train my child?' The authors, who are also parents themselves, debunk common myths about parenting, such as the notion that a healthy baby needs to be able to breastfeed at will throughout the night, or the idea that children who are adopted need specialized counselling. They also cover issues such as how children might be affected by seeing violence on television, how a parent’s psychological health can affect their child, what the scientific evidence is for and against circumcision, and how divorce and adoption affect a child’s development. The end of each chapter gives you 'The Bottom Line', a handy summary of the key points of each issue.
This book is ideal for new or prospective parents, and paediatricians, family health providers and anyone who works with children and their parents will also find the book’s objective, scientific approach useful in their work.https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu_books/1208/thumbnail.jpg
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Trân, Băng Công. "Table fellowship in Luke's Gospel an author-text-reader-centered approach /." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2000. http://www.tren.com.
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Marais, F., and S. Combrinck. "An Approach to Dealing with the Difficulties Undergraduate Chemistry Students Experience with Stoichiometry." South African Journal of Chemistry, 2009. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001499.
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Chemistry for first year students has been identified by Tshwane University of Technology as one of the subjects with a low pass
rate. It is apparent that students often memorize formulae and definitions, without understanding the underlying concepts
required to work with abstract units of measure. We have found that the majority of students at this university are unable to
balance reaction equations satisfactorily. They are also unable to predict the reaction yield, or identify limiting reagents. It is
imperative that these and other related problems are overcome before any meaningful change to the high failure rate at first year
level will be realized. All conventional forms of lecture presentation failed to make any significant impact on the success rate.
Structured worksheets were developed and used, together with tactile models, to address the problems and the initial findings
showed a marked improvement. It was discovered that the students’ problems originated from their inability to understand the
meaning of subscripts and coefficients in chemical equations. The worksheets and the impact they have made on the students’
understanding of stoichiometry are shared in this paper.
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Tripoli, Regis. "A green route to oxindole alkaloids : a new approach to horsfiline." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273443.
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Portelli, Terence. "A reader-response approach to the initial training of Maltese literature teachers." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1254/.
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This thesis documents the development of nineteen student-teachers in becoming teachers of Maltese literature, initiated in a methodology study-unit over one academic year. Drawing on reader-response theories, and coupled with insights from reflective practice and assessment for learning, this study traces trajectories taken by student-teachers as they gradually move from a text- or subject-bound culture towards a more student- or response-centred approach. Methodologically, this thesis is an action-research project embracing a bricolage stance. The main analysis draws on the lecturer-researcher’s and the student-teachers’ experiences in a dialogical way. A number of reflective tasks were employed to make explicit the meandering thought processes that were taking place and shape during the duration of the study-unit. Different topics essential to any prospective teacher of literature were also critically examined. These issues were realised during a six-week block teaching practice, with some of the experiences collected in an ad hoc portfolio. Towards the end, six perspectives are analysed to illustrate broad themes and significant vignettes of what this transition entails. While mainly respecting traditional academic format, parts of the thesis are written in non-canonical genres, thus expressing an essentially exploratory, experimental approach.
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Schroeder, Kathleen Herrick. "The woman is perfected: A reader-response approach to Sylvia Plath's Ariel." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1987. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/405.
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Selcuk, Hasan. "Teaching Oscar Wilde’s Short Story “The Selfish Giant” to Young ESL/EFL Learners through Reader Response Approach." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Engelska, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-4185.
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Doody, Aude Elise. "The encyclopaedic reader : changing approaches to Pliny's Natural History." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.619863.
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Duarte, Ana da Conceição Gracias. "How do wages react to the business cycle? A microeconometric approach." Master's thesis, NSBE - UNL, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/9448.
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A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Economics from the NOVA – School of Business and EconomicsThis study investigates the impact of the business cycle on real wages using a rich data set that matches each employee to an employer. The major innovation that this study brings to academic research is the use of two disaggregated variables as cyclical components: Job Finding Probability (JFP) and Job Separation Probability (JSP). Real wages react positively with the business cycle showing a procyclical behaviour. When JFP, JSP and the unemployment rate increase by 1 p.p., controlling for worker and firm heterogeneity, the real wage of a male worker that has an ongoing job, changes by 0.53%, -3.49% and -1.24% respectively. On the other hand, the real wage of a female worker changes by 0.42%, -0.43% and -0.85% with the same cyclical variables.
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Keough, Carole. "Using predictable books as a psycholinguistic approach to reading for the primary disabled reader." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1987. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/407.
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Carson, Siri Granum. "The Fact of Reason : A linguistic-pragmatic approach to the Free Agency Problem." Doctoral thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Filosofisk institutt, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-5181.
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Lehan, James Philip. "A rhetorical aspect of Edgar Allan Poe's short fiction: A reader response approach." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1995. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1217.
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Özel, Emre. "On human rights in the context of economic thought : an alternative approach throug the idea of public use of reason." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAB006/document.
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La thèse a pour objectif de développer une relation alternative entre les droits de l’Homme et l’économie. A cette fin est entreprise une analyse approfondie de l’idée d’usage public de la raison. Les concepts fondamentaux de l’économie politique, tels que la société civile et l’État, sont ainsi revisités dans un cadre conceptuel qui est, à l’origine, fondé sur la notion de majorité chez Kant, mais qui, dans le même mouvement, va au-delà de cette notion pour rendre compte du pluralisme de la société civileThe dissertation attempts to account for an alternative connection between human rights and economics. It suggests that this connection involves a comprehensive analysis of the idea of public use of reason. The fundamental concepts of political economy, such as civil society and state, are then re-visited within a conceptual framework which is originally based on Kant’s notion of becoming mature, but at the same time, surpassing it in the extent of the pluralistic society
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Maddox, Kathleen Wright. "Supporting the reader in the first through third grade classroom: Strategies for parent and community volunteers." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1997. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1431.
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Jeon, Yong Ho. "Impeccable Solomon? : a study of Solomon's faults in Chronicles using a reader-sensitive approach." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.495610.
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This dissertation attempts to observe Solomon's faults in the Solomon account in Chronicles using a kind of 'reader-response criticism' (This dissertation denotes its methodology 'readerjnsitive approach' in order to emphasize the sense that the text is designed to guide its reader sensitively to convey effectively its meaning, message and intention. The 'reader-sensitive approach' can be a subcategory of 'reader-response criticism', excluding the possibility of an overly reader-centred reading such as a deconstructionist reading). The attempt is a challenge to the near consensus view that Solomon is portrayed as flawless or impeccable in Chronicles.
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Turnbull, Lisa Lynne. "Replacing fear, anxiety, and interference with motivation in basic writers: A reader-response approach." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1992. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1125.
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Desai, Jitamitra. "A Discrete Optimization Approach to Solve a Reader Location Problem for Estimating Travel Times." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32683.
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Traffic incidents routinely impact the flow of vehicles on roadways. These incidents need to be identified, and responded to in a timely fashion in order to keep traffic moving safely and efficiently. One of the main areas of transportation research that remains of contemporary interest is the study of travel times. Travel time information technologies, until very recently, have not been efficient enough to provide instantaneous information for managing traffic flow.
The Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) currently operates a number of surveillance technologies. Of particular interest to us are Automatic Vehicle Identification (AVI) tag readers to assimilate travel time information. One of VDOT's latest research thrusts has been to develop efficient algorithms for estimating link travel times using such advanced technologies. To achieve this purpose, VDOT is currently monitoring volunteer tagged cars by using AVI tag readers fixed at certain specific locations.
This thesis focuses on devising an efficient methodology to capture as much travel time information as possible, by solving a Reader Location Problem that maximizes the benefit accruing from measuring travel time variability with respect to freeways. This problem is formulated as a quadratic 0-1 optimization problem. The objective function parameters in the optimization problem represent certain benefit factors resulting from the ability to measure travel time variability along various origin-destination paths. A simulation study using the INTEGRATION package is performed to derive these benefit factors for various types of freeway sections, and two composite functions that measure benefits for O-D paths that are comprised of several such sections are presented. The simulation results are presented as generic look-up tables, and can be used for any freeway section for the purpose of computing the associated benefit factor coefficient.
An optimization approach based on the Reformulation-Linearization Technique coupled with Semidefinite Programming concepts is designed to solve the formulated reader location problem. This approach can be used to derive alternative equivalent formulations of the problem that vary in the degree of tightness of their underlying linear programming relaxations. Four such model representations are explored by using the software package, AMPL-CPLEX 6.5.3, to solve them for some sample transportation networks.
The sensitivity of the reader locations to the different proposed benefit factor composite functions is also investigated. The results indicate that the first level continuous RLT relaxation to problem RL produces a tight underlying representation and that the optimal solution obtained for this relaxation tends to be very close to the actual integer optimum. Moreover, it is found that the optimal locations of the readers are insensitive to either the traffic, or the benefit factor used, or the density of the graph, when these factors are considered individually. However, a combination of two or more of these factors can lead to a change in the optimal locations of the readers.Master of Science
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Chizwina, Sabelo Ransome. "An exploratory investigation into the status of reading promotion projects in South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/22911.
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This dissertation reports on an exploratory study investigating the landscape of reading promotion projects in South Africa. The study identifies, categorises and describes reading promotion projects. Reading promotion projects are important in that they promote access to reading and improve reading comprehension. The literature review deals with reading, reading promotion and the approaches to reading promotion used by reading promotion projects worldwide. These projects use different methods in the promotion of reading. The two main approaches to reading promotion identified are the reader-centred and book-centred. Methods used to promote reading include mobile libraries, reading campaigns and reading clubs. This study discusses reading promotion projects in South Africa using the content analysis method. Documents concerning reading promotion projects in the country were identified and analysed, using content analysis.The findings indicate that reading promotion projects exist in South Africa. Seventy seven reading promotion projects were identified and analysed. Findings reveal that most projects were managed by local or international non-governmental organisations. The beneficiaries are mostly school going children. These projects use a variety of methods to promote reading with the most common methods being mobile libraries and book donations. The study concludes that the picture of reading promotion in South Africa is bleak. There is little government support, haphazard funding, projects are unevenly distributed, and there is no research in the field. Unless there is support for reading promotion from the highest level of government in South Africa, reading promotion will remain bleak. CopyrightDissertation (MIS)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Information Science
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Larimore, Della Mae. "Writing activities for first grade students using California Young Reader medal nominated books for 2000." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2000. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1768.
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Lyttle, I. S. "Awareness and uncertainty : A reader-response approach to theme and method in Thomas Pynchon's fiction." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.374185.
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Al-Tehmazi, Nahid. "A Reader’s Response Approach to Lydia Millet’s “Zoogoing”." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-106860.
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Since its establishment, the study of environmental literature has included a great deal of research which has based its arguments on assumptions that state that climate fiction contains persuasive elements that are impactful on readers. The problem with these assumptions is that they do not offer any empirical proof to demonstrate their arguments. This thesis offers an empirical study of the reception of Lydia Millet’s short story “Zoogoing” and examines whether or not the story is able to generate an animal welfare consciousness in the context of climate change within an audience that includes 10 participants from Bahrain. This project was conducted via two surveys on SurveySparrow, one before and the other after the participants had read the story. From the findings, it was revealed that the extinction narrative was able to help the readers conceptualize future ecological possibilities. Although the narrative was able to heighten the participants’ consciousness about environmental destruction, their concern for animal conservation remained the same. What was speculated from the analysis in this thesis was that the story had lacked a representation of animals that would focus the participants’ gaze on animal extinction.
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吳鳳 and Fung Ng. "Reader-response approach: an enrichment of the extensive reading programme in a Hong Kong secondary school." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42554512.
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Ng, Fung. "Reader-response approach an enrichment of the extensive reading programme in a Hong Kong secondary school /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42554512.
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Van, Renen Charles Gerard. "Reader-response approaches to literature teaching in a South African OBE environment." Thesis, University of Port Elizabeth, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/297.
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This research is based on the hypothesis that response-based approaches to teaching literature and an outcomes-based system of education (OBE) are conceptually incompatible. This thesis claims that reader response involves processes that cannot be accommodated pedagogically within a system based on pre-determined outcomes. Furthermore, the kind of assessment prescribed by OBE is inappropriate to the nature of reader response. The hypothesis is based on three main premises. The first is that each reader brings a highly individual and complex set of personal schemata to the reading of imaginative texts, and these schemata have a decisive influence on the nature of a reader’s response. This means that response during imaginative engagements with literary texts tends to be idiosyncratic, and therefore largely unpredictable. Because of this, it would be inappropriate for a teacher, working within an OBE system, to try to teach towards pre-selected outcomes and to attempt to ensure that these outcomes, based on responses to literary texts, are in fact achieved. The second premise is that readers’ imaginative engagements with literary texts are essentially hidden events, which even the individual reader cannot fully bring to the surface and articulate. Because they are complex, and to some extent inaccessible, it would be inappropriate to assess the processes of response in the form of tangible evidence that a particular kind of response has taken place, or an outcome achieved. The third premise is that responses need time to grow and develop and do not merely happen quickly and cleanly. Consequently, aesthetic response, already a complex and inaccessible process, has no clearly distinguishable beginnings or endings. It would therefore be inappropriate to try to pinpoint the exact nature and parameters of a particular response or fragment it into a discrete unit of competence or knowledge. A two-dimensional problem emerges. The first is a conceptual one: whether there is an inherent tension between encouraging response to imaginative literature on the one hand, and accepting the rationale for OBE, on the other. The second dimension of the problem is empirical: whether teachers of literature experience any tension of either a conceptual or a practical nature when following response based approaches within the OBE system of Curriculum 2005, and if so, what they do in order to cope. In exploring the conceptual problem, the argument of this thesis is supported by reception theory and reader response criticism. The former provides key theoretical principles and insights that illuminate the nature of aesthetic reading, while the latter describes and analyses the nature, extent and manifestations of response in educational contexts, underpinned by both reception theory and empirical research. Together they offer evidence that personal response is determined by a complex range of processes, and is the core activity in reading for aesthetic purposes. This thesis also examines the conceptual basis and the structure of OBE as interpreted in both Curriculum 2005 and the revised National Curriculum Statement. The purpose of this is to establish the extent to which the philosophy and modus operandi of these curricula are rooted in notions of competence, and the requirement that learners give tangible demonstrations of pre-determined outcomes being achieved. If it is found that the curricula do lean heavily on pre-determined outcomes in regard to competencies that must be demonstrated, it may be concluded that 1) reader response activities are incompatible with OBE in a South African context, and 2) the potential exists for such incompatibility to create obstacles to creative and effective literature teaching. This can lead to difficulties for the teacher, who will then have to adopt acceptable strategies to cope with the situation. These strategies may ultimately be to the detriment of the pupils, particularly if the teacher seeks a compromise between genuine response and the kinds of activities that would yield precise, palpable measures of attainment that can be easily demonstrated. Exploring the empirical dimension of the problem involves investigating the responses of both teachers and teacher trainers to the experience of promoting response-based literature teaching and learning in an OBE environment. In order firstly investigated whether the practitioners do encourage reading response as a core activity in reading for aesthetic purposes. The extent to which practitioners have a sound grasp of the conceptual issues relevant to this research is also investigated. Insight into such issues depends on teachers and teacher trainers understanding the nature of reader response, on the one hand, and the rationale and structures of the relevant OBE curricula, on the other. Whether, and to what extent, practitioners experience tensions through their awareness of conceptual incompatibilities is also investigated. It should be borne in mind that practitioners work in real contexts in which a variety of complex factors play a role in determining how they respond to pressures from the environment. It cannot therefore be expected that teachers and others involved in delivering the curriculum will be able to reflect on purely conceptual issues without being influenced to an extent by more practical or logistical considerations. However, this study argues that the extent to which they are able to identify the relevant factors that affect the conceptual underpinnings of their practice will determine the degree to which their responses support the argument of this thesis. Together, the empirical and the theoretical findings offer qualitative evidence that should illuminate the nature and extent of the problem.
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Lowe, Ruth E. "Overcoming the minority rights paradox : a new approach to intercultural deliberation." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3683.
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The minority rights paradox is articulated at the level of political theory, is deployed by liberal democratic institutions, and can be observed in the political discourse of mass communications. Minority groups, it is argued, are paradoxically claiming purported rights that are unsupported by the values upon which the claimants base their claim. On the one hand, minority claims are made on the basis of rights secured by a liberal democracy; on the other hand, the claims undermine the legitimacy of liberal reasoning—the same reasoning that legitimizes the rights on which the claims are made. The self-referential implications of this paradox are as follows: Either the minority claim negates its own justification or the underlying justification renders the claim moot. In either case, the charge of paradox effectively puts an end to the conversation by dismissing minority rights claims before they are properly understood. My aim is to first, come to terms with political dialogues in which the charge of paradox occurs and second, to overcome the stultifying effects of the minority rights paradox through a deliberative approach to negotiating the concept and content of minority rights claims. Evaluating the claims of minorities, I will argue, requires a dialogue that can adapt to the participants in the dialogue—an inclusive deliberative process that gives formal, procedural and substantive recognition to the worldviews of minority cultures in political decision-making.
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Arkhypchuk, Anna. "Novel Approaches to Phosphorus-containing Heterocycles and Cumulenes." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Molekylär biomimetik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-198813.
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Fast development in all areas of life and science over the last 50 years demands versatile, energy efficient and cheap materials with specific but easily tuneable properties which can be used for example in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), thin-film transistors, photovoltaic cells, etc. This thesis is devoted to the development of novel synthetic approaches to molecules with potential applications in the field of molecular electronics. The acquisition of a detailed mechanistic understanding of the newly developed reactions is central to the work presented in this thesis. The first chapter is dedicated to the development of a new procedure for the preparation of phospha-Wittig-Horner (pWH) reagents, i.e. a reagents that has been known to convert carbonyl compounds into compounds with P=C double bonds. Each step of the synthetic sequence, i.e. preparation of the starting P,P-dichlorophosphines, their phosphorylation using the Michaelis-Arbuzov protocol, coordination to the metal centre and final hydrolysis, are presented in detail. A possible route to uncoordinated pWH reagents is also discussed. The second chapter focuses on the reactivity of the pWH reagents with acetone under different reaction conditions. The results show how changes in the ratio of starting material vs. base as well as reaction time or structure of the pWH reagent can influence the reaction outcome and the stability of the obtained products. The possibility to prepare unusual phosphaalkenes with unsaturated P-substituents is presented. The third chapter of the thesis is dedicated to the reactivity of pWH reagents towards symmetric and asymmetric ketones which contain one or two acetylene units. The proposed mechanisms of the reactions are studied by means of in situ FTIR spectroscopy as well as theoretical calculations. Physical-chemical properties of oxaphospholes, cumulenes and bisphospholes are presented. The last chapter is dedicated to reactivity studies of pWH reagents towards ketenes, and the exploration of a reliable route to 1-phosphaallenes. Detailed mechanistic studies of the pWH reaction that are based on the isolation and crystallographic characterization of unique reaction intermediates are presented. The reactivity of phosphaallenes towards nucleophiles such as water and methanol are examined. In summary, this thesis presents synthetic routes to novel phosphorus-containing molecules, together with detailed studies of the reaction mechanisms of the observed transformations.
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Malgesini, Frank. "An Ethnographic Approach to Literature: Reading Wildfell Hall in the L1 and L2 Classroom." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193935.
Full textAbstract:
Though both literary critics and anthropologists have sometimes recognized converging aims and methods between ethnography and narrative fiction, few interpretive studies of fiction have been undertaken using the framework of ethnography of communication. Because ethnography of communication centers attention on language in situated communicative interaction, it could be a useful tool for exploring literary texts, especially texts within the genre of "realistic fiction," which sometimes also depend upon observation or creation of situated social interaction. This dissertation uses ethnography of communication to interpret a Victorian novel, Anne Bronte's The Tenant of Wildfell Hall. Ethnography of communication may also serve as a general framework for teaching literature, combining close linguistic or stylistic analysis of the language, detailed examination of the cultural and social situation, and re-creation of the meaning of the event as it may have been experienced by the participants. This approach may be especially appropriate in the case of L2 learners taking literature courses in university programs. The overall framework of the analysis, ethnography of communication, will be supplemented by Goffman's model of interaction ritual and the concept of co-construction of reality. These frameworks will be employed in the analysis of brief communicative events within the novel. Insights about the characters and the speech communities deriving from ethnographic interpretation will be used to build more precise understanding of the events of the novel, thereby contributing to traditional areas of literary criticism, and offering options for literary study in L1 and L2 contexts.
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Lumala, Peter F. Masibo. "Towards the reader-text interactive approach to teaching imaginative texts : the case for the integrated English curriculum in Kenya." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2007. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11406/.
Full textAbstract:
In this thesis the concept of Interactive Approach (IA) to the teaching and learning of imaginative texts and language is addressed in the English as a Second Language (ESL) context. As the title suggests the focus of the study was the Integrated English Curriculum (IEC) in Kenya. Although this curriculum was introduced twenty years ago, little has been done to bring about the envisaged integration between the English language and literature at the classroom level. The first chapter describes the background to and the rationale for the study. The second chapter addresses the research setting and explains the current English curriculum in Kenyan secondary schools. The related literature is reviewed in chapter 3 with a special focus on the pedagogical relationship between language and literature and the case for or against integrating the two components. In chapter 4, the methods used during data collection and analysis are presented. The findings of the study as described in chapter 5 affirm that there is the continued use of Traditional Approach (TA) to teaching imaginative texts despite the IEC being in place. This was found to be attributable to the lack of relevant training and the overwhelming focus on examinations by the education system as results from teachers show. The use of the proposed Reader - Text Interactive Approach (RTIA) was positively received by learners as shown by their responses to the interactive exercises. On the basis of these findings, the thesis concludes that there is an urgent need for educators to re-think the way teachers of English are trained in the country and redesign the IEC curriculum materials so that these take into account the integrated curriculum. It is further recommended that RTIA be adopted because the approach was found to have the potential of ensuring that the IEC becomes a reality at the classroom level in Kenya secondary schools.
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Furner, Emily Kay. "Cultural Differences in Russian and English Magazine Advertising: A Pragmatic Approach." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6730.
Full textAbstract:
Many American companies looking to increase sales and achieve growth targets consider expanding the reach of their product lines to other countries. However, expansion on a global scale often requires much trial and error as English-speaking companies try to market their goods to a foreign audience. In order to ease this process, localization experts are often hired to "localize" or change advertisements in order to make them more culturally relevant to consumers. Because the field of localization is relatively new, there is little research done on the degree and extent to which advertisements are localized. The purpose of this study is to explore the cultural differences in advertising between Russia and the United States of America. Two different samples of print magazine advertisements were taken from beauty magazines published in Russia and America to determine how much, if any, localization is occurring in Russian media. In order to compare the different advertising strategies of Russia and the United States, 235 non-localized Russian advertisements and 128 localized advertisements were coded for several different pragmatic features that Simpson (2001) included in his "reason" and "tickle" advertising framework. The results were then analyzed through content analysis and Chi-square statistics to find what pragmatic features are characteristic of localized and non-localized Russian ads. The study found that non-localized Russian advertising places more emphasis on reason-based persuasion strategies—most notably celebrity endorsement and extensive listing of reasons to buy a particular product. Localized Russian advertising, in contrast, uses more tickle-based persuasion tactics such as metaphor and implicature. 80% of localized Russian advertisements had little to no change in their advertising text from the English version of the advertisements, which means that the rate of localization in Russian advertising is currently low. Low rates of localization and differing persuasive techniques among the two samples signify the need for better cultural awareness in international marketing campaigns.
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Palmer, Kelly. "Increasing oral language fluency and syntactic structure through a balanced reading approach a case study of a five-year old beginning reader of the edge of the autism spectrum." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/595.
Full textAbstract:
In recent years, a significant surge has occurred in the amount of children who are being diagnosed with a disorder on the autism spectrum. Current statistics from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2011) show that 1 in 110 children in the United States have an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and that the diagnosis of such is estimated to grow prodigiously due to a variety of different aspects, such as an ever-increasing broadening definition of autism, an inclusion of autism as a disability category under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 1990, improved diagnostic methods, and some other unknown factors (In Nickel's work as cited by Nickels in 2010). Also, because a lack of or weakness in communication skills is a common characteristic for students who have an ASD, receiving early intervention to increase communication is imperative for this population. In consideration of this premise, this study looks at whether using a blended, balanced mode of reading instruction, the Language Experience Approach (Stauffer, 1970; Van Allen, 1970) and the work of Patricia Oelwein (1995), through written means can improve oral language fluency output and syntactical structure concurrently for a student who has suffered from many of the symptoms of ASD, but has not been clinically diagnosed. Along with the collection of qualitative data aggregated throughout this study through observational means, quantitative data was also collected before, during, and after the intervention to measure the effects on the subject. Quantitative data was obtained from a Letter-Identification Assessment (Clay 2005), the QRI-5 (Leslie & Caldwell, 2011), the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (Dunn & Dunn, 1997) , and Mean Length of Utterance (MLU).; Results obtained from this study showed that the interventions had a positive effect on the subject in terms of listening, speaking, reading, and writing where the fluency and complexity of the subject's speech patterns and ability to read and write improved over the course of the intervention period.B.S.
Bachelors
Education and Human Performance
Elementary Education
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Ferry, Victor. "La raison humaniste: une approche rhétorique des preuves en histoire." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209342.
Full textAbstract:
De quels critères disposons-nous pour évaluer la validité d’une opinion ?Lapremière partie de la thèse revient sur les tentatives des approches contemporaines
de l’argumentation de répondre à cette question. Les approches normatives
(pragma-dialectique et logique informelle) évaluent la construction des preuves à
l’aune d’un idéal de rationalité, lui-même garanti par un ensemble de règles quant à
la construction et la formulation publique des arguments. Les approches descriptives
(travaux de Plantin et Doury en particulier) se fondent sur une critique de cette
méthode :en prétendant fournir des évaluations objectives des arguments, les
théoriciens normatifs s’engagent dans le processus argumentatif et, en définitive,
produisent des contre-argumentations et non des évaluations. C’est à l’aune du
problème du statut épistémologique de la preuve en histoire que j’ai choisi d’illustrer
les limites de l’approche descriptive. En particulier, l’oeuvre du critique littéraire
Hayden White se caractérise par une même relation entre (1) un scepticisme sur la
possibilité d’établir des critères de rationalité et (2) un parti-pris descriptif :les
explications historiques pourraient être décrites comme autant de figures rhétoriques,
mais on ne saurait définir un critère permettant d’en évaluer la validité. Comme l’a
bien montré Carlo Ginzburg, le scepticisme de White ouvre la porte à toutes les
dérives négationnistes.
Partant, dans une seconde partie, je propose un modèle d’analyse alternatif. Ce
modèle s’appuie sur la définition de la rhétorique comme une dunamis par Aristote :
une capacité perfectible à porter un regard technique sur les preuves. Il s’agit,
concrètement, de prendre en compte trois points de vues sur la preuve :(1) le point
de vue de l’orateur qui invente ses preuves face à un problème concret ;(2) le point
de vue de l’artisan qui façonne la matière persuasive; (3) le point de vue de
l’auditoire qui reçoit les preuves. L’exercice de ces trois points de vues permet à
l’analyste de juger les choix rhétoriques d’un orateur à l’aune de sa propre
conscience, perfectible par l’exercice, des alternatives possibles et de leur pertinence
en fonction des auditoires concernés. Le critère de rationalité n’est alors pas idéaliste
ou transcendant, il est humaniste (Chaïm Perelman, Emmanuelle Danblon) :il est de
l’ordre de l’expérience acquise.
Dans une troisième partie, j’applique mon modèle à trois ouvrages d’histoire :
(1) Les traites négrières d’Olivier Pétré-Grenouilleau ;(2) La vie fragile d’Arlette
Farge ;(3) The Ascent of Money de Niall Ferguson. Dans chaque cas, j’évalue les
choix rhétoriques des historiens (quant aux usages des preuves extra-techniques et
à la construction des trois preuves techniques) au regard des problèmes
épistémologiques qu’ils affrontent* et des auditoires potentiels auxquels ils
s’adressent. Dans chaque cas, je consacre une partie de l’analyse aux réactions
suscitées par leurs ouvrages. Ce faisant, je peux mesurer le caractère anti-rhétorique
des pratiques actuelles de la critique :le repérage d’une figure de rhétorique
(analogie ou métaphore), d’une forte personnalité ou d’un appel aux émotions
suffisent à disqualifier un argument aux yeux des critiques. En d’autres termes, notre
tradition critique est pétrie d’illusions normatives et, en premier lieu, l’illusion selon
laquelle une preuve pourrait être administrée sans technique. Je conclus en montrant
que ces illusions, entretenues par notre tradition philosophique, nous ont fait perdre
beaucoup de temps dans le développement d’une formation à l’argumentation qui
soit de nature à exercer la dunamis critique des étudiants.
*
(1) établir la vérité historique sur un sujet à fort potentiel polémique ;(2) exprimer les intuitions de la
phase de découverte ;(3) formuler et justifier une prédiction.
Doctorat en Langues et lettres
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Sivridou, Fotini. "Teaching literature to Greek adult learners : an integrated approach making use of reader response theory and discourse analysis for the English foreign language classroom." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2003. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10006650/.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis is making use of a well-known literary theory and discourse analysis, so as to introduce literature to Greek adult learners of English as a foreign language who are preparing for the Cambridge Proficiency Examination in English as a Foreign Language. Chapter one introduces the thesis problem and the questions arising from it. Chapter two presents the learning situation in Greece at this advanced level and deals with linguistic theory and syllabus design. In chapter three, four of the most important literary theories are presented, including reader response theory, which is adopted here as the most appropriate mode in EFL teaching. Chapter four makes an attempt to integrate reader response theory and discourse analysis so as to present literary texts to Greek adult learners of English of an advanced level with the aim of emphasizing the advantages offered by such an integration. A literature course design is presented in chapter five, which, it is claimed, can be incorporated as a supplementary course in the general language syllabus; the texts introduced are approached from two main viewpoints, an analysis of their discourse and an emphasis on the reader, as advocated by reader response theory. Chapter six introduces a small-scale research based on the piece of curriculum development in the previous chapter, with 25 students from the University of Piraeus treated as 'focus students ', while in the next chapter the findings are discussed and placed against the background of the course design and the objectives identified. Such issues as external validity, reliability and extending the course are dealt with in the last chapter, where a discussion is held in the form of reflections about the findings. Finally, in the conclusion, proposals are made for the importance of including literature in the foreign language classroom and the approach that should be adopted.
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Keene, Nancy L. "A Research Study of the Effect of Instruction in the Basal Reader Supplemented by the Language Experience Approach on Comprehension Scores of First Grade Readers." UNF Digital Commons, 1985. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/303.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to determine whether children enrolled in two first grade classes who did not meet the criterion score for one or more of the seven subtests on a selected readiness test given during the first two weeks of the school year would make higher scores on selected comprehension measures when instruction in a basal reading series is supplemented with instruction in the language experience approach than children who receive instruction only in basal reader materials. Language experience activities were conducted with all reading groups in the experimental class for three days every two weeks. Group experience stories and word bank activities were not done with the control group which used only basal materials.
A factorial analysis of variance model was selected to analyze the data on the Gates-MacGinitie Reading Test on the main effects of type of instruction, sex, and classification of students. No significant difference at the .05 level was found for the null hypotheses tested; however, a slight non-significant difference was found in the mean scores of the target children in both classes with the language experience group having an 80% higher mean score than the control group.
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Parks, Virginia Carol. "A comparative study to determine the difference in reading achievement test scores of first graders using a combination of educational television and basal reader approach." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1988. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/2756.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to determine if there is a difference between the reading achievement test scores of first graders who have had reading instruction using a combination of structured educational television and the basal reader approach and the test scored of first graders who have had reading instruction using a combination of non-structured educational television and the basal reader approach.
Two groups of first graders, a control group and an experimental group, comprising of twenty-three students in each group, were used in this study. The control group and the experimental group were taught using the basal reader approach and were exposed to television. The experimental group had follow-up lessons. Both groups were tested after eight weeks with the use of the Georgia Criterion-Referenced Test (reading scores).
Findings from the posttest data revealed that there was not a significant difference in the reading achievement of students in the two groups.
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Larsson, William. "New approaches to moisture determination in complex matrices based on the Karl Fischer Reaction in methanolic and non-alcoholic media." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Kemi, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1918.
Full textAbstract:
Vattenhaltsbestämning är av stor vikt i många sammanhang. T.ex. kan vattenhalten påverka utbytet av en kemisk syntes, eller ha negativ inverkan på hållbarheten av läkemedel och livsmedel. Standardmetoden för vattenhaltsbestämning är Karl Fischer-titrering, baserad på antingen volymetri eller coulometri. I den här avhandlingen presenteras nya infallsvinklar för bestämning av mycket låga halter vatten i komplexa provmatriser, som t.ex. tekniska oljor och substanser som interfererar med alkoholbaserade Karl Fischer-reagens. Vattnet avskiljs ofta från oljematrisen före titrering genom förångning. I samband med framtagningen av nya referensmaterial för vatten i olja ifrågasattes förångningsteknikernas effektivitet av National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). NIST menade att en fraktion av vattnet bands hårt i oljefasen och att det inte kunde frigöras och detekteras annat än med en modifierad volymetrisk metod där reagenset innehöll minst 65% kloroform. I den här avhandlingen presenteras en alternativ metod som uppfyller det ställda kravet för en fullständig upplösning av oljefasen. Med denna metod visas att det inte finns någon anledning att ifrågasätta förångningsteknikernas effektivitet och att den modifierade metoden som NIST använder ger systematiskt för höga resultat. Fördelar som enklare handhavande, kortare konditioneringstider och att endast ett reagens behövs har gjort att diafragmafri coulometri har blivit allt mer populär. Spårhaltsbestämning med denna teknik ställer dock speciellt höga krav på reagensen eftersom strömtätheten vid katoden är låg. Med anledning av detta testades olika typer av kommersiella reagensblandningar för bestämning av små vattenmängder och kritiska parametrar identifierades. Dekanol visade sig ha en gynnsam effekt på katodreaktionen i reagens modifierade med xylen enligt standardmetodbeskrivningen för bestämning av vatten i oljor. För provtyper som inte går att analysera med alkoholbaserade reagenser presenteras en ny typ baserad på N-metylformamid. Med ett sådant reagens bestämdes vattenhalten i ett reaktivt salt som används i litiumjonbatterier. Liknande alkoholfria reagens undersöktes mer utförligt i en djupare studie som även inkluderade formamid och dimetylformamid. För- och nackdelar med dessa alternativa lösningsmedel diskuteras och möjliga reaktionsförlopp föreslås. Det visade sig att läget på jämvikten mellan svaveldioxid och vätesulfit är en avgörande faktor för att förklara den stora skillnaden i reaktionshastighet i dessa lösningsmedel.Moisture determination is of great importance in the production and use of many substances. For example, the moisture content can affect the efficiency of a chemical reaction or determine the shelf life of pharmaceuticals or foods. The standard method for moisture determination is Karl Fischer (KF) titration, based on either volumetry or coulometry. This thesis concerns new approaches to trace determination in complex sample matrices and is focused on oils and substances that interfere with alcoholic KF reagents. Moisture is frequently separated from oil matrices before titration by means of evaporation techniques. In connection with the preparation of new reference materials for moisture in oil, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) questioned the efficiency of such evaporation techniques. NIST claimed that some of the moisture was sequestered in the oil phase and that it could only be released and detected by using a modified volumetric KF method with a reagent containing at least 65% chloroform. In this thesis, an alternative KF method that meets the proposed requirement for a complete dissolution of the oil sample is presented. With this method it is shown that there is no reason to question the efficiency of the evaporation techniques and that the criticized volumetric method used by NIST is biased high. Ever since its introduction diaphragm-free coulometry has gained popularity due to its ease of use, with a single reagent and short conditioning times. Trace determination with this technique sets great demands on the reagent due to the resulting low current densities at the generator cathode. The performance of several commercial reagents is evaluated under such unfavorable conditions and critical titration parameters are identified. It is also shown that decanol has a favorable effect on the cathode process when using reagents modified with xylene according to standard methods for moisture determination in oils. For samples that are incompatible with the alcohol component in ordinary KF reagent a new reagent based on N-methylformamide is presented. It is shown that is works well for determinations of moisture in a conductive salt used in lithium-ion batteries. The concept of alcohol-free KF reagents is taken a step further in a systematic investigation, also including formamide and dimethylformamide. Advantages and disadvantages with these solvents are discussed and possible reaction paths are surveyed. It is shown that the position of the sulfur dioxide/hydrogen sulfite equilibrium is the main explanation for the large differences in the KF reaction rates in these solvents.
40
Cronin, Maurice. "From the image of the reader to the figure of the writer : a Pragmatic Approach to the Question of Aesthetics and Ideology in the Work of Flannery O'Connor." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCA128.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse a pour but principal de renouveler l’étude de la question du rapport entre l’esthétique et l’idéologique dans l’oeuvre de Flannery O’Connor. Contrairement aux études antérieures menées sur cette question, elle sera abordée ici dans le cadre d’une théorie du discours littéraire, c’est-à-dire d’une théorie qui prend en compte les dimensions à la fois performatives et réflexives propres aux textes littéraires. Ce postulat théorique a des conséquences importantes pour l’étude du rapport entre les textes littéraires et les contextes sociaux, politiques, historiques et littéraires de leur mise en circulation et de leur réception. Il implique, notamment, que les ouvrages littéraires inscrivent et négocient dans leur texture même les conditions de leur mise en circulation et de leur réception, et ainsi, que la question de leur contexte doit être abordée en premier par l’étude de cette inscription et de cette négociation textuelles. Pour autant qu’elle tient pleinement compte de la logique médiate de cette inscription et de cette négociation—et notamment des effets médiateurs des figures du lecteur et de l’auteur, ainsi que du genre et du champ littéraire—l’approche pragmatique adoptée dans cette thèse permet non seulement de mener à bien cette étude, mais également de montrer sous un nouveau jour la complexité et la singularité de la signature littéraire de Flannery O’ConnorThe principal aim of this dissertation is to provide a fresh approach to the vexed question of the relationship between the aesthetic and the ideological in the work of Flannery O’Connor. Unlike existing studies of this question in the critical literature, the approach adopted in this dissertation is based on the premise that it can best be treated in the context of a theory of literary discourse, one, in particular, that takes full consideration of the reflexive and performative dimensions of literary works. This theoretical assumption has considerable consequences for the study of the relationship between literary texts and the social, political, historical and literary contexts of their reception and circulation. In particular, it suggests that literary texts inscribe and negotiate the social and historical conditions of their circulation and reception, and that the question of their context should be approached first and foremost through the study of this textual inscription and negotiation. Insofar as it takes full consideration of the mediatory logic that such textual negotiation entails—in particular the mediating presence and effect of the figures of the reader and the author, the genre of the work, and the literary field—literary pragmatics will be seen to provide an approach which not only enables this study, but also reveals in a new light both the complexity and the singularity of Flannery O’Connor’s literary signature
41
Blazsin, Hortense. "De l’ingénierie de la raison à la raison pratique : Vers une nouvelle approche de la sécurité." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENMP0089/document.
Full textAbstract:
Couplage fort VS faible, sécurité réglée VS sécurité gérée, ingénierie VS expertise terrain… Confrontées à des environnements complexes et incertains, les organisations maîtrisent les risques en oscillant entre contrôle rigide et souplesse face aux aléas. Au coeur de cette tension se trouve l'individu, capable de déterminer lorsque les règles ne suffisent plus et de s'adapter. Cela implique de considérer l'individu non plus comme un facteur, de défaillance ou même de fiabilité, mais comme un sujet autonome, capable de prendre des décisions raisonnées et éclairées. Mobilisant la philosophie pratique de Paul Ricoeur, la thèse construit la notion de « sécurité pratique ». Elle propose de préserver la sécurité grâce à la raison pratique des individus plutôt que la rationalité des organisations, de mobiliser la volonté plutôt que l'obéissance. La thèse présente la démonstration de la pertinence et de la possibilité bien réelle d'une telle approche de la sécurité, en l'étayant par des données terrain recueillies au sein d'une grande entreprise du secteur du gazTight VS loose coupling, managed VS enforced safety, engineering VS field knowledge... As they are now confronted with uncertain, complex environments, organizations manage safety by oscillating between rigid control and the flexibility required to manage hazards. At the heart of this tension rests the individual, who is able to determine whether following the rule is enough or if some level of adaptation is required. Yet this implies that the individual is no longer considered as a factor, neither of failure nor of reliability, but as a person who is autonomous and in a capacity to make enlightened, reasoned decisions. Building on Paul Ricoeur's practical philosophy, we develop the notion of « practical Safety ». It defends the idea that safety can be preserved by relying on people's practical reason rather than on organizational rationality, by mobilizing individual will rather than obedience. The PhD demonstrates that such an approach is both relevant and anchored in reality, using field data gathered within a gas distribution company
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Abdul, Samad Abdul Samad. "Teaching Literature as a Means to Promoting Critical Thinking -A Teacher Perspective." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-85529.
Full textAbstract:
Developing critical thinking and mastering its skills has been a vital priority for the curriculum in Swedish upper-secondary school. The National Curriculum for upper-secondary school and the syllabus for the English subject emphasize the importance of implementing and enhancing the development of the students’ critical thinking which leads to having active learners who are able to think creatively and keeps them away from becoming narrow-minded. The purpose of this study is to explore the prospect of teaching critical thinking through reading literature. Guided by the critical thinking skills that are defined in The Delphi Report including (1) interpretation, (2) analysis, (3) evaluation, (4) inference, (5) explanation and (6) self-regulation, this study explores the possibility of promoting critical thinking skills through reading literature. The study also examines the efficacy of the reader-response approach in helping the students to be critical thinkers and active readers. Using qualitative data from conducting interviews, this study analyses teachers’ perspectives and considered the implications for teaching literature in terms of fostering the students’ critical thinking. The study showed that the teachers’ awareness of the significance of integrating literature in teaching English was found to play a great role in fostering the students as critical thinkers. The study also showed that teachers emphasized the importance of in-class discussions about literary works in order to expand the students’ thinking horizons and enhance their sense of self-confidence as contributors to the learning process. It also showed that the reader-response theory has a significant role in fostering the students’ critical thinking even though it is not clearly stated in the teachers’ perspectives on teaching literature.
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Viljoen, Anneke. "An exploration of the symbolic world of Proverbs 10:1–15:33 with specific reference to ‘the fear of the Lord’." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/32997.
Full textAbstract:
The text of the Bible projects for its readers a Biblical-textual world. Christians live within the seminal, normative contours of this symbolic Biblical world. In this regard, a Ricoeurian hermeneutics presents a helpful apparatus to the reader of the Biblical text. In his hermeneutical studies, Ricoeur organises his considerations around four poles that operate as guidelines for this study – distanciation, objectification, projecting of a world and appropriation. In this thesis each of these considerations is applied to Proverbs 10:1–15:33 to facilitate an exploration of the symbolic-textual world projected for the reader in this literature.
It is the thesis of the study that the proposed reading strategy is, in terms of the threefold movement within postmodern thought – the movements beyond foundations, beyond totalities and towards the Other – a most productive effort. When this reading strategy is utilised for Proverbs 10:1–15:33, with specific reference to the fear of the Lord, the concept of the fear of the Lord is found to have a functional definition within this collection rather than an ontological or theoretical one. With this approach, the fear of Yahweh-proverbs in Proverbs 10:1–15:33 are understood not to be dogmatised, absolute, universal truths but finds, in line with the movement beyond totalities, its authority in the context within which it is applied. Instead of communicating propositional content, which is in line with the movement beyond foundations within postmodern thought, by their power to disclose a symbolic world, it confronts the reader with the Other, in line with the movement toward the Other, and consequently opens up new modes of being, orienting the reader’s practical actions.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
gm2013
Old Testament Studies
unrestricted
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Cáceres, Cruz José de Jesús. "Randomized Algorithms for Rich Vehicle Routing Problems: From a Specialized Approach to a Generic Methodology." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/127153.
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El Problema de Enrutamiento de Vehículos (VRP) y sus diferentes variantes básicas son un dominio ampliamente estudiado en la comunidad científica de optimización. Algunos estudios han utilizado combinaciones específicas de restricciones encontradas en la vida real para definir los emergentes VRP Enriquecidos. Este trabajo aborda la integración de heurísticas, probabilidad sesgada, simulación, técnicas de computación distribuida & paralelas, y programación con restricciones. Los enfoques propuestos han solucionado algunas variantes del VRP: en primer lugar, las familias deterministas: VRP con flotas Heterogéneas (HVRP), VRP con flotas Heterogéneas y costo variable (HVRP-V), VRP con flota Heterogénea y Múltiples viajes (HVRPM), VRP con matriz de costo Asimétrica (AVRP), VRP con flota Heterogénea y matriz de costo Asimétrica (HAVRP), VRP con ventanas de Tiempo (VRPTW), y VRP Distancia limitada (DCVRP); en segundo lugar, las familias de naturaleza estocástica: VRP con Demandas estocásticas (VRPSD), y Problemas de Inventario y Enrutamiento de Vehículos con Demandas estocásticas (IRPSD). Una extensa revisión bibliográfica se ha realizado para cada una de estas variantes. Un primer enfoque propone la combinación de una aleatorización sesgada con heurísticas clásicas para la solución de problemas deterministas. Un segundo enfoque se centra en la combinación de heurísticas aleatorias con simulación (Simheuristics) para ser aplicados sobre los problemas estocásticos comentados. Por último, se propone un tercer enfoque basado en el trabajo conjunto de heurísticas aleatorias con programación de restricciones para resolver varios tipos de problemas de enrutamiento. Los algoritmos heurísticos desarrollados han sido aplicados en varios casos de referencia --entre ellos, dos estudios de casos reales de distribución en España-- y los resultados obtenidos son, en general, prometedores y útiles para los decisores.The Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) is a well known domain in optimization research community. Its different basic variants have been widely explored in the literature. Some studies have considered specific combinations of real-life constraints to define the emerging Rich VRP scopes. This work deals with the integration of heuristics, biased probability, simulation, parallel & distributed computing techniques, and constraint programming. The proposed approaches are tested for solving some variants of VRPs, namely, first, the deterministic families: Heterogeneous VRP (HVRP), Heterogeneous VRP with Variable cost (HVRP-V), Heterogeneous fleet VRP with Multi-trips (HVRPM), Asymmetric cost matrix VRP (AVRP), Heterogeneous fleet with Asymmetric cost matrix VRP (HAVRP), VRP with Time Windows (VRPTW), and Distance-Constrained VRP (DCVRP); second, the stochastic nature families: VRP with Stochastic Demands (VRPSD), and Inventory Routing Problem with Stochastic Demands (IRPSD). An extensive literature review is performed for all these variants, focusing on the main contributions of each work. A first approach proposes a biased-randomization of classical heuristics for solving the deterministic problems addressed here. A second approach is centered on the combination of randomized heuristics with simulation (Simheuristics) to be applied on the commented stochastic problems. Finally, a third approach based on the joined work of randomized heuristics with constraint programming is proposed to solve several types of routing problems. The developed heuristic algorithms are tested in several benchmark instances --between these, two real-life case studies in Spain are considered-- and the results obtained are, on average, highly promising and useful for decision makers.
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Issa, Nada. "Du dynamisme textuel entre esthétique et esthésie : approche sémiotique des stratégies textuelles pour la perception du texte poétique." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20069/document.
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Cette thèse s’inscrit en sciences du langage dans le domaine de la sémiotique littéraire et utilise les outils de la sémiotique littéraire et de la sémiotique du sensible. Le corpus d’étude est constitué de poèmes de trois auteurs français du XXème siècle : Jean Tortel, Philippe Soupault et Yves Bonnefoy. Ce travail met en évidence les stratégies textuelles qui visent le lecteur comme instance perceptive. La première partie du travail expose le cadre théorique et l’inscription interdisciplinaire de notre thèse entre phénoménologie, sémiotique des instances, et sémiotique figurative. La deuxième partie traite, en premier lieu, de la description du corpus et, en second lieu, de l’analyse des différentes descriptions en vue d’une synthèse générale. Cette analyse révèle que les textes mettent en place trois niveaux de stratégies en interaction : l’embrayage subjectif, les dynamiques internes au texte et le rythme de l’énoncé. Le lien avec les stratégies et l’instance réceptrice (lecteur) est traité à la fin de la deuxième partie à travers le concept d’encyclopédie naturelle. Le but de cette étude est de montrer la fécondité d’une analyse sémiotique permettant une saisie fine des phénomènes discursifs/textuels, de mettre à profit une inter-sous-disciplinarité raisonnée, tout en montrant l’utilité descriptive et théorique de traiter le texte comme espace-temps d’expérience pour un lecteur-corpsThis thesis situates itself within the field of literary semiotics. However, our work tools are also related to figurative semiotics and the semiotics of discourse. The corpus under study is composed of three French poems from the 20th century written by different poets : Yves Bonnefoy, Jean Tortel and Philippe Soupault. The study focuses on textual strategies allowing the construction of the reader as a perceptive receptor. In the first part of the study, we present the interdisciplinary theoretical framework. In the second part, the poems will be analysed : the principal concern of corpus description is to highlight interaction between different levels of textual dynamics. The results reveal indeed three levels of textual strategies : subjective shifting, internal text dynamics, and rhythm. The end of the second part reveals the link between the reader’s natural encyclopedia and textual strategies. This study shows the benefits of a complex theoretical framework and furthermore demonstrates the analytical scope of the idea of the text-experience. This may encourage other researchers to base their reflections on this concept and to interrogate the reader as a perceptive receptor
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Murray, Paul Damian. "Reason, truth and theology in pragmatist perspective : a study in the theological relevance of postfoundationalist approaches to human rationality with particular reference to the work of Richard Rorty, Nicholas Rescher and Donald MacKinnon." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.619613.
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Vilas, Boas Fabíola Silva de Oliveira. "A constituição do professor leitor: histórias de leitura na formação inicial de professores de língua portuguesa." Faculdade de Educação, 2017. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/24869.
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Este estudo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa que analisa as histórias de leitura que integram as experiências leitoras vividas por graduandos do curso de Licenciatura em Letras Vernáculas da Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS), Bahia. Trata-se de uma investigação-formação que segue a esteira de estudos que articulam aspectos do terreno acadêmico e/ou profissional com outros ligados à dimensão pessoal da vida de professores. O objetivo foi analisar as narrativas acerca das histórias de leitura de futuros professores de língua portuguesa, a fim de compreender como o processo de formação do professor leitor se constitui em suas trajetórias de leitura pessoais e acadêmicas. O texto estrutura-se em dois grandes eixos teóricos que se entrecruzam, sendo eles formação de professor e leitura. No interior do primeiro, movem-se categorias que discutem formação de professor (NÓVOA, 1992; 1995; TARDIF, 2012; ZEICHNER, 2003) e histórias de vida (NÓVOA; FINGER, 2014; JOSSO, 2010; DOMINICÉ, 2010), com o intuito de defender, nesta tese de doutorado, a ideia de que o sujeito que aprende o faz, também, por meio da narração e reflexão de percursos vividos. Aspectos da formação do professor de língua portuguesa (GERALDI, 1996; 1997; 2001; MATÊNCIO, 1994) também são verticalizados nesse eixo, tomando-se por base a concepção dialógica, social e histórica da linguagem (BAKHTIN, 1986; 1997). No interior do segundo eixo, tematiza-se a leitura como prática sociocultural (FREIRE, 2011; PROUST, 1982; 2003; CHARTIER, 1999; 2001; PETIT, 2009, 2013) e como processo de instauração de sentidos (ORLANDI, 1998; 2012), para se discutir as histórias de leitura e os processos de (auto)formação do professor leitor. Os fundamentos metodológicos deste estudo, de caráter qualitativo, ancoram-se nos princípios da etnopesquisa-formação (MACEDO, 2006; 2009) e na abordagem (auto)biográfica (JOSSO, 2010; DOMINICÉ, 2010), uma vez que a pesquisa se debruçou sobre percursos de leitura que abarcam a formação pessoal e acadêmica de professores em formação inicial. O escopo teórico-metodológico da Análise de Discurso de vertente francesa (PÊCHEUX, 1990; PECHEUX; FUCHS, 1997) também foi utilizado para analisar as narrativas como produções discursivas e também interpretar os dados gerados pelo corpus de análise, constituído por meio dos procedimentos observação participante, grupo de discussão, entrevista narrativa e escrita de carta pedagógica. Ao enunciar suas histórias de leitura, os sujeitos o fizeram a partir de três formações discursivas dominantes, que delinearam o quadro de referências de histórias de leitura provenientes de vários períodos e esferas de sua vida: infância, adolescência, vida adulta, família, escola, universidade. A partir da análise foi possível conhecer a heterogeneidade das trajetórias de leitura dos graduandos e concluir que se faz necessário legitimar as práticas de leitura que os futuros professores realizam ao longo da vida, com o reconhecimento da singularidade de seus percursos, e ampliar as práticas existentes no processo de formação inicial, visando à constituição do professor leitor.
Abstract: This study presents the results of a research that analyses the reading narratives comprised in the reading experiences lived by undergraduate students of the Letters Course at the State University of Feira de Santana (UEFS), Bahia. As a research-formation study, it is linked to the studies that articulate aspects of the academic /professional field with other aspects connected to the personal life of the Professors. The objective was to analyze the narratives about the reading histories of future Portuguese language teachers to understand how the formation process of the teacher as a reader is constituted and shapes itself in personal and academic reading trajectories. The text was built on two major theoretical axes that are interwoven: teacher formation and reading. In the first one, it is possible to find moving categories that discuss teacher formation (NÓVOA, 1992; 1995; TARDIF, 2012; ZEICHNER, 2003) and life histories (NÓVOA; FINGER, 2014; JOSSO, 2010; DOMINICÉ, 2010) with the purpose of defending, in this thesis, the idea that the subject that learns does so, also through narration and reflection on lived trajectories. Specific aspects of the formation of the Portuguese language teacher (GERALDI, 1996; 1997; 2001; MATÊNCIO, 1994) are also taken into consideration in this axis, based on the dialogical, social and historical conception of language (BAKHTIN, 1986; 1997). Inside the second axis, the main theme is reading as a social and cultural practice (FREIRE, 2011; PROUST, 1982; 2003; CHARTIER, 1999; 2001; PETIT, 2009, 2013) and as a process of meaning establishment (ORLANDI, 1998; 2012), to discuss the reading histories and the processes of self-formation of the teacher as a reader. The methodological basis for this study, of qualitative nature, is anchored on the principles of the ethno-research formation (MACEDO, 2006; 2009) and on the (auto)biographical approach (JOSSO, 2010; DOMINICÉ, 2010), since the research has focused on reading trajectories that comprise the academic and personal formation of teachers in initial formation. The theoretical and methodological scope of the French school of Discourse Analysis (PÊCHEUX, 1990; PECHEUX; FUCHS, 1997) was used to analyze the narratives as discursive productions and to interpret the data generated by the analysis corpus, which was constituted by the following procedures: participant observation; discussion group, narrative interview and pedagogical letter writing. By enunciating their reading stories, the subjects did so from three dominant discursive formations, which outlined the framework of reading stories from various periods and spheres of their life: childhood, adolescence, adulthood, family, school, university. From the analysis, it was possible to get to know the heterogeneity of the reading trajectories of the undergraduate students and conclude that it is necessary to legitimate the reading practices that the future teachers perform through life, with the acknowledgement of the singularity of their trajectories and expand the existing practices in the initial formation process, aiming at the constitution of the teacher as a reader.
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Delsarte, Isabelle. "Dégradation des dioxines ou du benz[a]pyrène par une approche tripartite : oxydation chimique / oxydation biologique par des champignons telluriques saprotrophes / amidon difonctionnalisé aux propriétés surfactantes." Thesis, Littoral, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017DUNK0447/document.
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Ce travail de thèse est axé sur l'élaboration de techniques de bioremédiation des sols contaminés par les Polluants Organiques Persistants (POP) en particulier sur deux familles de polluants : les Hydrocarbures Aromatiques Polycyliques et les dioxines (PCDD/F). La dégradation des POP présente deux obstacles majeurs à l'efficacité des traitements biologiques par voie fongique : la faible biodisponibilité des POP et la difficulté d'amorcer l'oxydation de molécules aussi stables chimiquement. Afin de lever ces verrous technologiques, nous proposons de coupler une oxydation chimique douce à l'oxydation biologique par les champignons telluriques saprotrophes et d'utiliser l'amidon pour améliorer la proximité spatiale entre le polluant et les réactifs d'oxydation. La première partie de ce travail de thèse consiste à fonctionnaliser de l'amidon de pomme de terre par la 1,4-butane sultone et l'anhydride 2-octén-1-ylsuccinique selon différentes conditions de synthèses. En comparaison avec l'amidon natif, un des produits obtenus, P9*, possède des propriétés surfactantes très intéressantes pour notre étude. En effet, P9* augmente la solubilité aqueuse de l'amidon par un facteur de 35 (22,60 g.L⁻¹) et stimulent 33 fois la solubilisation aqueuse du benzo[a]pyrène (BaP). Pour la seconde partie, l'utilisation d'un système d'étude simplifié où le champignon est cultivé en milieu minéral en conditions axéniques nous a permis de déterminer les paramètres (souche fongique, type et dose d'oxydant chimique) optimaux pour l'élaboration d'une méthode de dégradation des POP au laboratoire. Des études comparatives de dégradation du BaP sont donc réalisées in vitro par différents processus d'oxydation chimique (réaction de Fenton) et/ou biologique. Le couplage des deux procédés conduit à une dégradation du PaP de 40,0%. De plus, l'encapsulation du BaP par les nanosphères d'amidon P9* permet une dégradation du polluant de 64,6% par le réactif de Fenton. Deux souches fongiques (Penicillium brasilianum et Fusarium solani) sont ensuite utilisées pour des essais de dégradation conduits au laboratoire en microcosmes de sols historiquement contaminés par les PCDD/F. L'inoculation de la souche endogène P. brasilianum en présence de copeaux de carton comme agent structurant a conduit à une diminution de la toxicité des PCDD/F de 40,5% après seulement 2 mois d'incubation par rapport au sol témoin. Ce travail de thèse ouvre ainsi de nouvelles perspectives de techniques de remédiation des sols pollués par les POP à faible coût économique et respectueuses de l'environnementThis thesis work deals with the development of bioremediation techniques for contaminated soils by Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) such as : Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and dioxins (PCDD/F). The degradation of POPs has two main obstacles to efficient biological treatments by fungi : the low bioavailability of POPs and the difficulty of initiating the oxydation of molecules as stable as others. To overcome these technological barriers, we propose to couple a mild chemical oxidation to biological oxidation by saprotrophic telluric fungi and to use starch to improve the spatial proximity between the pollutant and oxidizing reagents. The first part of this study is to functionalize native potato starch by 1,4-butane sultone and 2-octenyl-1-succinic anhydride according to different synthesis conditions. In comparison with native starch, one of the processed products, P9*, has very interesting surfactant properties for our study. Indeed, P9* increases starch apparent aqueous solubility by a factor of 65 (22.60 g.L⁻¹) and stimulates 33-fold benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) aqueous solubilization. For the second part, the use of a simplified study system where the fungus is cultivated in mineral medium under axenic conditions allowed us to determine the best parameters (fungal strainsn type and dose of chemical oxydant) for the development of a POPs degradation method in the laboratory. Comparative studies of BaP degradation are therefore carried out in vitro by different processes of chemical (Fenton's reagent) and/or biologial oxidation. The coupling of the two processes leads to a BaP degradation of 40.0%. Moreover, the BaP encapsulation by starch nanospheres P9* allows a pollutant degradation of 94.6% by the Fenton reagent. Two fungal strains (Penicillium brasilianum and Funsarium solani) are then used for the degradation lab experiment in historically PCDD/F contaminated soil microcosms. the inoculation of the endogene strain P.brasilianum in presence of cardboard chips as a bulking agent led to a decrease in PCDD/F toxicity of 40.5% after only two months of incubation compared to the controm soil. This PhD work draws new perspectives for remediation techniques of contaminated soils by POPs that are cost-effective and environmentally friendly
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Kerléo, Jean-François. "La transparence en droit : recherche sur la formation d'une culture juridique." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO30069.
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Quelle culture juridique révèlent les usages de la transparence ? Quels raisonnements se cachent derrière le vernis d’évidence qui caractérise l’emploi de la notion ? La réponse à ces questions requiert une étude générale de la transparence confrontant l’ensemble des matières juridiques qui convoquent le terme. La transparence s’applique en effet aussi bien à l’État et à l’ensemble des autorités publiques, qu’à l’individu et aux entreprises. Il s’agit de comprendre pourquoi et comment une telle notion s’est imposée aussi généralement dans le discours juridique et de rationaliser, en en proposant une typologie, les usages du mot.Produit de la sédimentation de nombreuses notions, la transparence fait partie de l’imaginaire juridique. Elle s’acclimate dans des régimes politiques très différents qui ne sont pas nécessairement démocratiques. Elle correspond à la volonté des acteurs du système juridique de mettre davantage l’accent sur la communication politique, la moralisation du pouvoir, le contrôle des actions individuelles, la performance économique. De ce terreau intellectuel varié, la transparence tire un mode d’être multiple. Son ontologie, nécessairement relative, se traduit à la fois, par les nombreuses dénotations du terme, dont les plus courantes sont la publicité, la motivation, l’intelligibilité, l’accessibilité, etc., et par la multiplicité de ses connotations, orientées vers la démocratie et ses déclinaisons. Ces connotations révèlent un usage rhétorique de la transparence : celle-ci est utilisée à l’appui d’argumentations destinées à légitimer une idée, une norme, un ordre juridique, une autorité, etc.La reconstitution du raisonnement juridique autour de la notion de transparence revient finalement à questionner son propre savoir, c’est-à-dire à analyser les modes d’acquisition et les contenus de l’information nécessaire pour agir, les croyances et les représentations des acteurs, les enjeux du droit et ses rapports à l’efficacité politique et économiqueWhat legal culture do the uses of transparency reveal? What reasoning is behind the apparently obvious meaning of a concept when it is used? Answering these questions requires the use of a new method which considers law as a particular cultural phenomenon, as well as a comprehensive study comparing the notion of transparency as used in different legal topics. As a matter of fact, transparency applies to the State and all public authorities, as well as to the individual and businesses. This study aims at understanding why and how such a concept has become rampant in legal discourse and rationalizing the uses of the word by proposing its typology.As the product of the sedimentation of many concepts, transparency is part and parcel of legal imagination. It adapts to very different political regimes that are not necessarily democratic. It corresponds to the will of the actors of the legal system to put more emphasis on political communication, the moralization of power, the control of individual actions, economic performance. From this fertile intellectual variety, transparency derives a multiple way of working. Its necessarily relative meaning is visible through the several denotations of the term, the most common ones being publicity, motivation, intelligibility, accessibility, etc., and through its multifarious connotations, oriented towards democracy and its variations. These connotations reveal a rhetorical use of transparency: it is used to support arguments used to justify an idea, a standard, a legal order, an authority, etc.The reconstruction of the legal reasoning about the notion of transparency ultimately leads to the questioning of one's own knowledge, that is to say, the analysis of the modes of acquisition and the contents of the information needed to act, the beliefs and representations of actors, the legal issues at stake, and the relationship of law and political and economic efficiency
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Wang, Tong Kuan. "Adsorption de quelques polymeres a l'interface silice-eau : approche experimentale de leur conformation, correlation avec les mecanismes de floculation des suspensions colloidales." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066221.
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Synthese de copolymeres d'acrylamide et d'un monomere acrylique porteur d'un groupement ammonium quaternaire. Comportement de ces polyelectrolytes et de quelques polymeres neutres (poe) vis a vis de suspensions colloidales de silice. Influence de la cationicite sur les isothermes d'adsorption. Influence de la conformation de chaines aux interfaces sur la stabilite des suspensions colloidales