Relevant bibliographies by topics / Reason government

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Reason government'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 2 June 2025
Last updated: 19 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Reason government"

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Jackson, M. W. "The government of reason." Journal of Value Inquiry 26, no. 2 (1992): 163–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00138965.

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Ronnick, Michele Valerie. "Milton's Reason of Church Government 1.5." Explicator 52, no. 4 (1994): 210–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00144940.1994.9938778.

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Barrell, Ray, and Simon Kirby. "Fiscal Policy and Government Spending." National Institute Economic Review 214 (October 2010): F61—F66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0027950110389772.

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In June the Coalition Government produced a budget that aimed to reduce the government deficit quickly. The plan was based mainly on cuts in current expenditure and reductions in transfers to individuals. There are four possible reasons for reducing the deficit, and all have been used to justify the policy. The first reason might be that the cost of borrowing is currently too high, and the second could be that if deficits persist the markets could lose confidence and the cost of borrowing would rise. The third reason might be that we have to reduce the debt stock in order that we prepare for the next crisis, whilst the fourth, and perhaps most persuasive in the long run, is that it is unfair to borrow so much and therefore reduce the consumption of future generations. If either of the first two had merit there would be a case for swift consolidation, whilst if the third or fourth predominate, we should not be in any rush to act until output is nearer full capacity.
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Alojonovich, Rashidov Rahmatullo. "THE NEED FOR GOVERNMENT REGULATION OF SMALL BUSINESS." International Journal Of Management And Economics Fundamental 03, no. 01 (2023): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ijmef/volume03issue01-02.

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Currently, there are different opinions about the reasons for state regulation of the small business sector. According to the traditional theory, the government should intervene in the economy when the market fails to allocate resources efficiently, resulting in market "failure". In the framework of welfare theory, it is emphasized that the reason for market "failures" is not only monopoly, but also the existence of externalities (externalities). This article discusses the factors and functions affecting the regulation of small business by the state, and provides analytical information on its share in the main types of economy.
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Fruchtman, Jack, and David Nicholls. "God and Government in an "Age of Reason."." William and Mary Quarterly 55, no. 1 (1998): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2674346.

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Tuttle, Elizabeth, and David Nicholls. "God and Government in an "Age of Reason"." American Historical Review 103, no. 5 (1998): 1556. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2649975.

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Rivera, Joseph. "Religious Reasons and Public Reason: Recalibrating Ireland’s Benevolent Secularism." Review of European Studies 12, no. 1 (2020): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/res.v12n1p75.

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Liberal regimes in the West are not homogeneous in their application of secular principles. What kind of “secular” state a particular government promotes depends in large part on the strength and influence of the majority religion in that region. This article acknowledges the heuristic value of a recent threefold taxonomy of secularism: passive, assertive, and benevolent forms of secularism. I take issue with and challenge certain institutional privileges granted to the majority religion in one benevolently secular regime, the Republic of Ireland. I consider how benevolent secularism, while remaining benevolent toward religion, can align its application of secularism in the arena of publicly-funded education (primary and secondary education). A politically liberal regime, defined by the idea of public reason, invokes the principle of publicity, namely, that discourse and public policy be intelligible (and acceptable to a large degree) not only to an individual’s religious or moral community but also to the broader collection of members who constitute a liberal state. Drawing on John Rawls’ conception of public reason, and using Ireland as a case study, I show how this particular state-religion interrelation can be recalibrated in order to increase the prospects of reconciliation with a secular space of public reason.
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Freeman, Samuel. "Democracy, Religion & Public Reason." Daedalus 149, no. 3 (2020): 37–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_01802.

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A convention of democracy is that government should promote the common good. Citizens' common good is based in their shared civil interests, including security of themselves and their possessions, equal basic liberties, diverse opportunities, and an adequate social minimum. Citizens' civil interests ground what John Rawls calls “the political values of justice and public reason.” These political values determine the political legitimacy of laws and the political constitution, and provide the proper bases for voting, public discussion, and political justification. These political values similarly provide the terms to properly understand the separation of church and state, freedom of conscience, and free exercise of religion. It is not a proper role of government to promote religious doctrines or practices, or to enforce moral requirements of religion. For government to enforce or even endorse the imperatives or ends of religion violates individuals' freedom and equality: it encroaches upon their liberty of conscience and freedom to pursue their conceptions of the good; impairs their equal civic status; and undermines their equal political rights as free and equal citizens.
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Hindess, Barry. "Politics as Government: Michel Foucault's Analysis of Political Reason." Alternatives: Global, Local, Political 30, no. 4 (2005): 389–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030437540503000401.

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This article considers Michel Foucault's work on the rationality of government and the practices in which it has been implemented. Specifically, it develops a critique of Foucault's analysis of political reason in relation to the governmental significance of electoral politics, to liberal commitments to the promotion of individual liberty, and to the focus on government within states to the neglect of the international system and the problem of sovereignty.
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Musa, Altje Agustin, Jemmy Sondakh, Wempie Jh Kumendong, and Caecilia J. J. Waha. "Discretion of Government Officials in the Perspective of Corruption Crime Reviewed from the Theory of Criminal Removal Reason." Journal of The Community Development in Asia 5, no. 1 (2022): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.32535/jcda.v5i1.1389.

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Providing welfare for all citizens is the goal of the Indonesian state. In government administration, government officials are often faced with concrete social situations urgently to be addressed, while regulations are unclear. To overcome government stagnation, government officials are given the authority to act based on their own considerations, called discretion. The study aims to analyze the discretionary case and find the relationship between discretion in the perspective of corruption and the theory of criminal removal reason. The study finds that Criminal Code regulates Criminal Removal Reasons concerning defending to save on body, soul, or goods of someone/others, not government officials discretion to defend social interest. The Corruption Law does not regulate Criminal Removal Reason. In judicial corruption in Indonesia, Government officials' discretion was not sentenced because the decision/act is based on considerations of urgency, for the public interest, and does not benefit the government officials/others.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Reason government"

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Santos, Flores Kevin A. "The Reason the Reagan Administration Overthrew the Sandinista Government." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1268941542.

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Raha, Shomikho. "Changing 'reason of state' in India? : the Ganga waters dispute, nuclear policy and government-business relations." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.614089.

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Flores, Norma Lisa. "When Fear is Substituted for Reason: European and Western Government Policies Regarding National Security 1789-1919." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1350932743.

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Cunha, André Arias Fogliano de Souza. "Políticas da propriedade intelectual: o governo da comunicação." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2013. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/4560.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T18:13:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andre Arias Fogliano de Souza Cunha.pdf: 794570 bytes, checksum: 98b40bff7617c142ad5b4a0b8646ae85 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-15<br>Intellectual property and its relation with the field of communication is the subject of this research. It is commonly accepted that intellectual property is a natural law in which the author of any creation of the mind has to the result of his or her labor. That law would ensure the author the exclusive enjoyment of the surplus value produce against any misappropriation (public or private). That particular view reduces intellectual property to something inherent in human nature and therefore removes any historical reality. Then we must ask: at what point did political stances towards intellectual property emerge? Which events indicate its birth? What are its effects? Intellectual property emerges as a social intervention technique in the precise moment that social communication becomes an issue for the government and for the State. In the first chapter we identify the genesis of intellectual property in the context of shaping European national states and of the rationality that gave life to it: the reason of State. Communication is treated as a government object, and the copyright is mobilized as a mechanism for monitoring and disciplining these communicative circuits. In the second chapter we expose the first major fold in the politics of intellectual property. With the advent of liberalism, the functions and mechanisms of government are transformed. That process directly affects the social effects of copyright. In that context copyrights works less as a technique for surveillance and punishment than as a device for control and security of the media market. In final chapter, we present the operating mode of contemporary intellectual property and its relationship with the dominant political philosophy of our day - neoliberalism. In the neoliberal form of government, intellectual property is reappropriated and thus assumes a role even more essential, paradoxical and complex. The main objective of this research is to unseat any discourse on intellectual property that assumes it is intrinsic to human nature. We justify our research posing the irreversible process of a global media community. In such an environment, intellectual property is elevated to the heart of today's political process. The theoretical framework is inspired by the courses of 1976, 77 and 78 given by Michel Foucault at the Collège de France. In addition, we have included authors that update the political thoughts of the French philosopher, among them: Lazzarato, Senellart, Hardt and Negri and others. Finally, we use the research work of a group of historians based at the University of Cambridge in which they inaugurated the academic discipline of the History of Intellectual Property<br>Esta pesquisa apresenta como objeto de estudo a propriedade intelectual e sua relação com o campo da comunicação. É comumente aceita a ideia de que a propriedade intelectual é um direito natural de que o autor de alguma criação intelectual imediatamente dispõe ao produzir sua obra. Esse direito garantiria ao criador o usufruto da mais-valia gerada contra qualquer apropriação indevida (pública ou privada). Essa visão essencializa a propriedade intelectual como inerente à natureza humana, retirando do conceito qualquer realidade histórica. Perguntamos: em que momento se pensou politicamente a propriedade intelectual? Quais acontecimentos remetem a sua gênese? Quais efeitos são engendrados? A propriedade intelectual emerge como técnica de intervenção política no instante em que a comunicação social passa a ser objeto de preocupação do governo e do Estado. No primeiro capítulo, identificamos a gênese da propriedade intelectual no contexto de conformação dos Estados nacionais europeus e da racionalidade que animou esse movimento, a razão de Estado. A comunicação social torna-se objeto de governo e para isso o copyright é mobilizado como o mecanismo de vigilância e disciplina desses fluxos comunicativos. No segundo capítulo, expomos a primeira grande dobra das políticas da propriedade intelectual. Com o advento dos liberalismos, as funções e dispositivos de governo são transformadas e isso afeta os efeitos sociais do copyright. Nesse contexto, ele funciona menos como técnica de vigilância e punição do que como dispositivo de controle e segurança do mercado da comunicação. No último capítulo, apresentamos o modo de operação da propriedade intelectual na contemporaneidade e sua relação com o atual pensamento dominante o neoliberalismo. A propriedade intelectual é reatualizada e assume função ainda mais primordial, paradoxal e complexa. O objetivo principal da pesquisa é destituir qualquer discurso sobre a propriedade intelectual que a essencialize como algo inerente ao humano. A justificativa da pesquisa está baseada no inescapável processo de consolidação e alongamento do mercado global da comunicação. Nesta conjuntura, a propriedade intelectual é reescalonada e inserida no cerne do processo político hodierno. A fundamentação teórica é inspirada nos cursos de 1976, 77 e 78 ministrados por Foucault, no Collège de France. Em complemento, mobilizamos autores que atualizam o pensamento do filósofo francês, como: Lazzarato, Senellart, Hardt e Negri, entre outros. Por fim, apropriamo-nos do trabalho do grupo de historiadores baseados na Universidade de Cambridge, cuja rica pesquisa inaugurou a disciplina História da Propriedade Intelectual
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Teixeira, Júnior Geraldo Alves 1984. "Razão de Estado e política antiterrorismo nos Estados Unidos." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/280911.

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Orientador: Roberto Romano da Silva<br>Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T03:37:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeixeiraJunior_GeraldoAlves_D.pdf: 12974491 bytes, checksum: ef0f7aec2f638114c9a64bcca5d6be1e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011<br>Resumo: O pensamento sobre a razão de Estado pode ser dito fundamental para a política moderna, já que seu desenvolvimento inicial coincide com o do próprio surgimento do Estado. Onde crescia a razão de Estado, crescia o Estado, que por sua vez fomentava aquela política. Acusada de ocorrer à revelia da moral, essa circularidade e o acúmulo de poder que ela envolve foi certamente responsável por consolidar o Estado como instituição quaseuniversal. A consolidação das instituições estatais não extinguiu, contudo, a razão de Estado, que como técnica de poder ou como pretensa racionalidade superior acompanhou os distintos momentos da política. A presente pesquisa examina inicialmente o contexto histórico e intelectual que originou o pensamento sobre a razão de Estado a fim de permitir uma visão panorâmica do tema na teoria política. Após o estudo histórico discorre-se sobre os diversos elementos que compõem este tema e analisa-se os modos pelos quais eles operam na prática política. Nesta primeira parte são utilizados diversos textos de reconhecidos estudiosos do pensamento político, como Friedrich Meinecke, Carl J. Friedrich, Quentin Skinner e Michel Senellart, mas recorre-se também diretamente aos textos históricos de Nicolau Maquiavel, Giovanni Botero, Thomas Hobbes e Gabriel Naudé. No estágio seguinte aplica-se o estudo inicial a um caso concreto. São estudadas algumas ações políticas e jurídicas do governo dos Estados Unidos, assim como leis criadas para combater o terrorismo, notavelmente aquelas que entraram em vigor após os ataques que o país sofreu em 11 de setembro de 2001. Antes de abordar o ponto central recupera-se fatores históricos que influenciaram os rumos do Estado americano e alguns eventos que constituem precedentes importantes da política antiterror. Após a devida contextualização, o trabalho centra-se na análise de uma lei de 2001, o Patriot Act, e nas ações estatais que ela possibilitou nos anos seguintes. Na segunda parte do trabalho utiliza-se, além de textos acadêmicos, artigos jornalísticos, documentos oficiais do governo americano, textos de leis, jurisprudência e relatórios e declarações de setores da sociedade civil e de comentadores de temas jurídicos. O exame da doutrina da razão de Estado, aplicado ao caso específico dos Estados Unidos no referido contexto corrobora a tese, pormenorizada no capítulo conclusivo, de que as recentes formas de combate ao terrorismo recuperam e fortalecem o pensamento sobre a razão de Estado, agora na situação particular dos Estados liberais-democráticos<br>Abstract: Reason of State theories might be considered fundamental to modern politics for its beginning occurs together with the emergence of States themselves. Where reason of State was rising, it helped the State growth that, in turn, stimulated reason of State policies. Criticized for having put aside moral concerns, such circularity and the accumulation of power it produces may be pointed as an important cause leading to the consolidation of the State as a quasi-universal institution. Nonetheless, the States did not extinguished reason of State after being consolidated. As techniques or as a specific rationality it was adapted for each new context of politics. This work starts by investigating the historical and intellectual context that gave birth to reason of State in order to show a panoramic view of the theme in the political theory. After the historical study I analyse several elements which constitutes reason of State and I present how they operate in political practice. For this first part several texts of recognized academics of political thought are used, such as Friedrich Meinecke, Carl J. Friedrich, Quentin Skinner and Michel Senellart, but I also resort to the historical texts of Niccolo Machiavelli, Giovanni Botero, Thomas Hobbes and Gabriel Naudé. At the next stage the previous study is applied to a concrete case. I analyse political and judicial actions of the American government and some legislation created to combat terrorism, particularly those that went in force after the attacks the country suffered on September 11, 2001 (9/11). Before dealing with the main point I present historical events which have influenced the course of the United States politics and some important precedents of the anti-terror policies. After proper contextualization the study is focused on the 2001 law called Patriot Act and on the state actions it has authorized in the years that followed its creation. In the second part, besides academic texts and news articles, I make use of official documents, statute texts, judicial cases, reports and declarations of civil society organizations and of legal themes' commentators. The study of reason of State doctrine applied to the specific case of the United States at the mentioned context corroborates the thesis addressed at the conclusive chapter stating that the recent anti-terror policies revive and strengthen reason of State thought, now acting at the particular situation of liberal democracies<br>Doutorado<br>Filosofia<br>Doutor em Filosofia
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Cauldwell, Jonathan Mark. "The effects of, and reasons for, the recent reforms in education, health and housing." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1996. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/28277.

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Since 1979 the UK has experienced the most decisive break in the providing style and underlying principles of welfare provision since 1944 to 1948, or perhaps ever. This thesis provides an historical overview of the succession of Acts in regards to state education, health and housing. It looks at the effects of, and reasons for, the reforms in these areas, showing how these have changed each sectors' operational style and ethos. A close insight into the reforms is provided by surveys of head teachers of Grant-Maintained schools, chief executives of NHS trusts, directors of local government housing departments and chief executives of housing associations and of Local Government. The questionnaires investigated issues such as, finances, changes in their functions, effects upon staff and external relations and highlights benefits and disadvantages. In general these sectors have experienced the introduction of a quasi-market, via the separation of the provider, purchaser and enabler roles. The aim has been to increase competition and consumer power in the state sector. In reality, competition is expanding, but these welfare markets have been subjected to increased scrutiny and control from Central Government. The market ethos is spreading across the nation, and although many people who are living through it are unaware of the rapid changes, this period may be looked back upon in history as being the most radical and far-reaching alteration of British economic, social and political structures.
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Li, Mo-yee Deanna, and 李慕儀. "Decentralizing the Strategic Sewage Disposal Scheme of Hong Kong: the reasons and the potential modifications." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30426297.

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Fraser, Jocelyn. "Corporate responsibility and advocacy conviction: how the forces of passion and reason shape contemporary industrial issues /." Burnaby B.C. : Simon Fraser University, 2006. http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/handle/1892/2719.

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Eldred, Christopher P. "The Stable American Mind: Understanding Attitudes Towards Government and Taxes, 1990-2011." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2011. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/255.

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As the federal government seeks ways to stimulate our economy and reduce our national debt, understanding public attitudes on the role and size of government and the taxes that support it is important. This thesis evaluates how US public opinion towards government and taxes has changed from 1990 to the present, and analyzes several potential causes for changes that have occurred. It is intended to be an update of William G. Mayer’s 1992 book entitled The Changing American Mind, which analyzed changing public opinion from 1960-1988. In following his analysis, the causes I have analyzed are generational replacement, fiscal and economic indicator data, and important political events. Through and examination of public polling data from the last twenty years, I have concluded that attitudes fluctuated relatively mildly on these issues since 1990. My analysis reveals that generational replacement exerted little influence on opinions. However, analysis also reveals that major changes in fiscal and economic indicator data and various major policy initiatives induced the greatest swings in public opinion of the last two decades. I believe that these changes reflect that American aggregate opinion remains constructed on a post-Ronald Reagan ideological foundation, whose features include an inherent suspicion of government and resistance to taxes. Understanding this is crucial to understanding the nation’s political trajectory.
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Tsang, Chui-mei, and 曾翠薇. "Study of the reasons for soaring housing prices in Hong Kong in recentten years." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31968478.

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Books on the topic "Reason government"

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Richard, Brookhiser, ed. Right reason. Little, Brown, 1986.

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Naseer, Dashti, ed. The voice of reason. Asaap Publications, 2007.

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David, Nicholls. God and government in an 'age of reason'. Routledge, 1995.

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David, Nicholls. God and Government in an 'Age of Reason'. Taylor & Francis Group Plc, 2004.

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David, Nicholls. God and Government in an 'Age of Reason'. Taylor & Francis Inc, 2004.

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Richard, Brookhiser, and Luce, Clare Boothe, 1903-1987, former owner., eds. Right reason: A collection. Doubleday, 1985.

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Animasaun, Kola. The voice of reason. Aike, 1999.

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Matiba, Kenneth Stanley. Kenya: Return to reason. Kalamka Ltd., 1993.

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John, Strachey. Revolution by reason. Garland, 1985.

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Fallaci, Oriana. The force of reason. Rizzoli, 2004.

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Book chapters on the topic "Reason government"

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Barry, Laurence. "From Government to Subjectivity." In Foucault and Postmodern Conceptions of Reason. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48943-4_4.

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Tuszynski, Meg Patrick, and Richard E. Wagner. "The Growth of Government and the Emergence of Social Cancers." In Reason, Ideology, and Democracy. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-69840-8_5.

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Gopalakrishnan, Gopi. "Using Technology to Harness Existing Resources for an Emergency: COVID-19 Response." In Health Dimensions of COVID-19 in India and Beyond. Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7385-6_3.

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AbstractThe use of technology to respond to the COVID-19 emergency is described. The sudden lockdown imposed by the government with just a four hours’ notice resulted in a paralysis of the healthcare system. World Health Partners (WHP) responded immediately to this crisis. WHP worked in partnership with the state governments of Bihar and Andhra Pradesh. The plan was that the state governments would provide the personnel and WHP would set-up a digitized system for providing health services to the people by using tele-medicine.A quick-to-access dashboard was created to give details in real-time of the number of doctors and assistants who were logged-in, the number of calls received and were attended to, prescriptions issued, and COVID-19 suspects identified. Doctors’ absenteeism proved to be a challenge in Bihar. Consequently, the full potential of the project could not be realized in Bihar. In Andhra Pradesh, however, the project was very successful. Despite receiving less number of calls, more consultations were provided through the tele-medicine project in Andhra Pradesh. The major reason for this success was the high level of political commitment by the state government which led to the availability of trained medical personnel for the project. The entire process of the project was successfully transitioned by WHP to the state government of Andhra Pradesh.
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"Introduction: Humanitarian Government." In Humanitarian Reason. University of California Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/9780520950481-003.

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"Technologies of Government." In Another Reason. Princeton University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv10h9d8r.9.

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"CHAPTER SIX. Technologies of Government." In Another Reason. Princeton University Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9780691214214-007.

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Green, Leslie. "The Nature of Limited Government." In Reason, Morality, and Law. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199675500.003.0013.

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Nigro, Roberto. "From Reason of State to Liberalism:." In The Government of Life. Fordham University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt13x00mw.12.

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Patton, Paul. "Foucault and Rawls: Government and Public Reason." In The Government of Life. Fordham University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823255962.003.0009.

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"Foucault, government and the enfolding of authority." In Foucault And Political Reason. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315072500-17.

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Conference papers on the topic "Reason government"

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Naydenov, Kliment. "SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC INEQUALITY AS A BRAKE ON EFFECTIVE ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2024. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024v/4.2/s20.57g.

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Social and economic inequality in different countries or regions can be a significant obstacle to the implementation of an effective environmental policy. In general, people who are economically disadvantaged are often the most vulnerable to the negative impacts of environmental degradation and climate change. They may also lack the political power and resources to advocate for policies that protect their interests. For example, low-income communities are disproportionately affected by pollution and environmental hazards, such as toxic waste landfills and air pollution from factories and highways. Typically, these communities do not have the financial resources or political clout to demand that their government take action to address these issues. Economic inequality can create a political climate that is less favorable to environmental regulation. Wealthy societies or corporations generally have the resources to lobby against environmental protection or fund political campaigns of candidates who oppose environmental regulation. Social and economic inequality can lead to a lack of public trust in state institutions and skepticism regarding the effectiveness of environmental policies. If people do not feel that their government is working for them or that policies are against them, they may be less likely to support environmental initiatives, even if they benefit from them. For this reason, it is important to address social and economic inequality as part of any comprehensive approach to environmental policy. Typically, these measures include increasing access to education and job opportunities, investing in public transport and renewable energy infrastructure, and ensuring that vulnerable communities have a seat at the table in policy discussions. By tackling inequality and poverty, we can build a fairer and more sustainable society that is better equipped to deal with the environmental challenges we face.
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Campbell, Samuel. "The Ins and Outs of Pipeline Cleaners: Testing and Evaluation for Chemical Cleaners." In CORROSION 2000. NACE International, 2000. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2000-00434.

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Abstract The numerous reasons for cleaning a transmission pipeline include increasing efficiency, preventing corrosion, increasing operational safety, complying with governmental regulations, and changing pipeline operations. As part of the pipeline cleaning procedure, a chemical cleaning agent is typically used to aid in the removal of various line deposits. With an emphasis on solids characterization, a series of six criteria based upon lab performance using line deposits have been designed to select the best cleaner in a particular application. Combining operational parameters and physical analysis of the line deposits, the choice between an oil soluble and a water soluble chemical treatment is based upon efficacy and operational considerations. The testing criteria then require the optimal agent to be dispersible in the solvent of choice, penetrate solids deposited on the pipeline walls, suspend the line deposits within the cleaning solution, retain solution flowability even with suspended solids, and settle for easier disposal. Each of the above criteria strongly correlate with desired field performance as demonstrated in several applications. Whether a particular deposit is black powder or a solid scale, the use of reasoned parametric design provides for a more efficient and cost effective chemical cleaning solution.
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Wen-jing, Chen, and Teng Yue. "What's the Reason for Online Unplanned Purchase." In 2010 International Conference on E-Business and E-Government (ICEE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icee.2010.576.

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Jing, Zhao, and Cao Zhengyong. "Notice of Retraction: The reality reason and realization form of enterprise choosing vertical integration: Take Mingshan tea industry as example." In 2011 International Conference on E-Business and E-Government (ICEE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icebeg.2011.5882258.

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Maksüdünov, Azamat. "Readiness Level of Residents in Bishkek to E-Government Services." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c12.02365.

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Digital transformation has been increasing in all fields of human being around the globe. Within this global trend Kyrgyz Republic also declared its National Development Strategy for 2018-2040 in 2018, which outlines the contours of the country's digital transformation. In the country, 2020 is declared the year of digitization and the process has begun. Although all this transformation processes are crucial in terms of development and building transparent state, such significant changes don’t occur without challenges. Along with main obstacles such as poor infrastructure, limited financial and human resources, residents’ readiness to embrace e-services is also matter. In this context, the main purpose of this study is to examine residents’ readiness level to e-government services. The scope of the study is limited to Bishkek, capital of Kyrgyz Republic, for several reasons. First of all, e-government services are piloted in Bishkek, and then implemented in other regions. The second reason is related to high rate of online population in Bishkek. Primary data were obtained using structured questionnaire among residents. Findings of this empirical study can provide useful insights in terms of public policy on digital transformation. Especially, the government can gain very useful insights into readiness level of consumers and their anxieties about e-government services. Deeper understanding of users’ behavior can be reliable base for making decision to eliminate this problem as an obstacle for digital transformation.
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Ewa Nycz, Malgorzata, and Zdzislaw Polkowski. "Business Intelligence in a Local Government Unit." In InSITE 2015: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences: USA. Informing Science Institute, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2210.

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Business Intelligence is important tools to improve business processes. More and more companies, government units use BI. But there are not still so many solutions which can be applied in local government units. From this reason the paper has been devoted to the supporting managerial decision-making processes in the Polkowice commune, Poland using BI technology. It consists of the following parts. After a brief introduction to the matter of local government units, the problem statement, the goal of study, research questions, methodology were presented. The next part has been devoted to short presentation of main tasks of the local government units on the example of the Polkowice Community. Then the role of BI in a local government units has been shown. In the next part Business Intelligence is recommended as a modern technology supporting management within local government units and it is shown where, which area of their activity should be supported by the BI technology. The conclusion and contribution end the paper.
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Mujahiddin, Badaruddin, Zulkifli Lubis, and Harmona Daulay. "The Reason of Government on Community Empowerment Through Paddy Field Tourism in Pematang Johar Village, Deli Serdang Regency." In Second International Conference on Public Policy, Social Computing and Development (ICOPOSDEV 2021). Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.220204.059.

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Dhrami, Blerina. "Citizen Perception of Transparency in the Provision of Online Public Services." In 8th International Scientific Conference – EMAN 2024 – Economics and Management: How to Cope With Disrupted Times. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2024. https://doi.org/10.31410/eman.2024.351.

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With the introduction and the implementation of the e-govern­ment, citizens have gained a tool that permits them to be informed, to have timely access to the offered public services and somehow to have a partici­patory role in governmental decision-making. However, there is a relative lack of studies related to citizen perceptions of e-government especially related to the level of transparency they perceive when they use online services. For this reason, this paper is focused on a systematic literature review in order to give insights regarding the relationship between e-govern­ment-transparency-citizen, and also to explore which are the factors that can increase the interactivity between e-government and citizens. The main finding of this systematic literature review is there are no mecha­nisms that can measure the appropriate level of transparency, which most­ly satisfies the citizens, but we have tools such as legal frameworks, stan­dards, and independent authorities that should enforce it.
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Ponosova, Polina. "THE PANDEMIC HAS CHANGED CAFES AND RESTAURANTS. PUBLIC CATERING MARKET RESEARCH." In MODERN CITY: POWER, GOVERNMENT, ECONOMY. Digital Transformation State and Municipal Administration. Perm National Research Polytechnic University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/65.049-66/2021.22.

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The year 2020 is a time when the daily habits of people around the world have changed significantly. The pandemic has transform how we work and how we organize our daily lives. This is a reason for change on public catering. The article shows the historical aspects of public catering and modern trends, such as the variety of cuisines and the focus on delivery.
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Göksu, Şahin. "Golden Age of Hungarian-Turkish Relations – A Question of Power-Political Fraternity?" In 10th International Scientific Conference ERAZ - Knowledge Based Sustainable Development. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2024. https://doi.org/10.31410/eraz.2024.291.

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Turkish-Hungarian relations have been characterised by unusually good cooperation over the last 10 years in particular. The governments of the two countries cooperate closely in almost every policy area and on every occasion. One can speak of a golden age in Turkish-Hungarian relations. This analysis aims to answer the question of whether the authoritarian leadership style of the presidents of both countries is the reason for this golden age of relations. The qualitative study used the autocracy promotion approach to analyse the interests of Erdoğan and Orbán in their close cooperation. It can be concluded that the authoritarian style of government of both statesmen at least has a positive influence on the very good relations.
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Reports on the topic "Reason government"

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Franco, Maria, Carlos Scartascini, and Mariano Tommasi. State Capacity and the Quality of Policies: Revisiting the Relationship between Openness and the Size of Government. Inter-American Development Bank, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011652.

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The literature has identified that countries with higher levels of openness tend to present a larger government sector as a way to reduce the risks to the economy that openness entails. This paper argues that there are a number of policies that can mitigate trade-induced risks, many of which do not have the necessary implication of increasing public spending. Yet, many such policies require governmental capabilities not available to any country. For that reason, the relationship between openness and the size of government might be mediated by the quality of its public sector. While countries with weak government capabilities will tend to rely on spending expansions to deal with trade-induced volatility, countries with stronger governmental capabilities might address such challenges by more efficient and less costly means. The empirical analysis in this paper shows that the effect of openness on government consumption is mediated by the quality of government institutions.
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Barrera-Osorio, Felipe, Samuel Berlinski, and Matías Busso. Effective Evidence-Informed Policy: A Partnership among Government, Implementers, and Researchers. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-ri_2021/035.

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Evidence matters for the effectiveness of public policies,but important informational frictions—that is, resistanceto obtaining or using information on the subject at hand—sometimes prevent it from shaping policy decisions.Hjort et al. (2021) showed that reducing those frictionscan change not only political leaders’ beliefs but alsothe policies they implement. One-way information, fromresearch to policy, may sometimes be insufficient, though.Policymakers may be agnostic about the effectiveness ofan intervention, or they may not know which of its featuresrequire adjustment. A process of policy experimentationmay be needed (Duflo 2017), in which policies arerigorously evaluated at a small scale, the findings of those evaluations inform the policy design, and a new evaluation determines the effectiveness of a fine-tuned version of the intervention, with the assessment continuing until the program is ready to be scaled up. This process requires very close collaboration among government, implementers, and researchers. The means by which evidence is produced is also important. A frequent criticism of researcher-designed interventions is that results may not be relevant. One reason is that pilot programme’s participants or circumstances may be atypical, with the result that the experimental treatment, even if implemented with fidelity, may not achieve similar outcomes in other settings (Al Ubaydli et al. 2017; Vivalt 2017). A second reason is that governments may lack the capability to implement with fidelity interventions tested in randomized control trials. A partnership between policymakers and researchers can help attenuate these concerns. A recent experience in Colombia provides a good example of such a partnership at work. “Let’s All Learn to Read” is an ambitious programme to improve literacy skills among elementary schoolchildren (Grades K–5). Spearheaded by the Luker Foundation, a local nongovernmental organisation, in collaboration with the Secretary of Education of Manizales (Colombia), the programme began with a systematic data collection effort in the municipality’s public primary schools to understand why students were failing to acquire the most basic academic skills. This led to several interventions over many years during which multidisciplinary teams of researchers working in close collaboration with local stakeholders and policymakers designed and evaluated different features of the programme.
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Bassols Jacas, Raimundo. Interaction between the Government and the Spanish Civil Society during the Negotiations for the Accession of Spain into the European Union. Inter-American Development Bank, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011004.

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Western countries have established themselves and developed over the last two centuries in the model of the Nation-State, founded on national sovereignty. Civil societies from these countries have been educated and conditioned to respect and fully accept the principles and symbols of a sovereign Nation. They are sharply nationalistic civil societies. This interactive relationship between the Governments and their respective civil societies are the reason that motivates this paper.
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Duckworth, Mark, and Michelle O'Toole. Removing Barriers to Trust Building: Proposals to Rebuild Trust Between Governments and Communities. Centre for Resilient and Inclusive Societies, 2025. https://doi.org/10.56311/mzol9434.

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Trust is the glue that holds society together. The decline of trust in government and the institutions of civil society is one of the gravest issues facing Australia today. The decline of trust in civil society is linked to the rise of a widespread sense of grievance. One reason that this is so serious is that a feeling of grievance is one of the things that fuels extremism. Governments cannot ignore this crisis. However, there are some actions they can take. As this report shows, trust is built—or broken—through behaviour. To meet today’s challenges, we need practical, sustained efforts to embed trust building across government-community relationships. This report extends on findings from the 2024 Trust Flows project report. The findings from this study offer grounded, actionable strategies for rebuilding trust between governments and communities, recognising that trust is shaped not only by policy but by processes, consistent behaviours, reciprocity, and sustained relationships. This report proposes four priority actions: Improve access to government systems by simplifying language and processes. Invest in community capability through support, governance training, and equitable access. Equip government officials with training to build and maintain trust with communities. Establish a Trust Lab to lead innovation and embed trust-building across institutions. These actions are preventative, not reactive. Clearly, there are some external factors, such as international malevolent actors, that seek to undermine Australian society. However, governments in Australia should look to increase investments in social cohesion and institutional legitimacy at a time when both are under pressure. This Report builds on the 2024 Trust Flows Report.
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Imms, Wesley, and Marian Mahat. Innovative Learning Environments and Teacher Change: Final Research Findings. University of Melbourne, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46580/124366.

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At the beginning of ILETC a clear mandate existed in government and academic conversations for these ‘innovative learning environments (ILEs) to have a primary aim of fostering students creative and critical thinking, and communicative and collaborative practices; this often was embedded in ‘21st Century Learning’ ambitions. There existed, however, a worrying paucity of quality research to act as a baseline for understanding this phenomenon. For this reason, ILETC adopted an exploratory design in seeking to document correlation between ‘good’ teacher use of ILEs and high levels of student deep learning.
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Vuletin, Guillermo, and Leopoldo Avellán. Fiscal Procyclicality and Output Forecast Errors: Bad Luck or Bad Decisions? Inter-American Development Bank, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008453.

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Government spending in the developing world has historically been procyclical. Traditional explanations for this have mostly revolved around the explicit or implicit notion that fiscal procyclicality is the deliberate result of political economy distortions and weak institutions. Because of revisions in output growth forecasts around the world since the global financial crisis, two recent explanations in the literature have gained increasing support: (i) over-optimism in output forecasts as a cause of procyclicality, and (ii) real-time data, as opposed to ex-post data, as an explanation for policymakers¿ intended responses to output fluctuations, which in practice tend to deliver less procyclical intentions than reliance on ex-post data. This study revisits the implications of output forecast errors on fiscal procyclicality in light of these two recent strands in the literature. For this study, a simple conceptual framework was developed and empirical evidence presented using output forecasts for 101 countries. The results showed that: (i) over-optimism is neither necessary nor sufficient to explain fiscal procyclicality, and (ii) there is no reason to accept the interpretation that forecast errors have -unfortunate- systematic effects on fiscal procyclicality. Traditional political economy arguments help explain how governments handle unanticipated output fluctuations.
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Ramos, Tatum, Marife Ballesteros, and Jenica Ancheta. Determinants in the Formation of Extended and Multifamily Households in the Philippines. Philippine Institute for Development Studies, 2024. https://doi.org/10.62986/dp2024.32.

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Nuclear households remain the dominant household type in the Philippines, but a rising number of extended and multifamily households is observed, which has important implications for housing policy and demographic trends in the country. This study examines the factors influencing the decision to live in such household types. Multinomial logistic regressions are used to determine the association of potential factors with the formation of extended and multifamily households. The results show that this formation is not necessarily a negative development, as cultural factors influence this arrangement; however, there is reason to believe that limited housing options in the market and the low attainability of homeownership for most individuals are driving the rise in extended and multifamily arrangements. There is a need for the government to rethink its supply-driven housing policy in order to effectively respond to the housing needs and the demographic changes that drive such needs.
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Bergeron, Augustin, Arnaud Fournier, John Kabeya Kabeya, Gabriel Tourek, and Jonathan L. Weigel. Using Machine Learning to Create a Property Tax Roll: Evidence from the City of Kananga, D.R. Congo. Institute of Development Studies, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2024.101.

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Governments in the world’s poorest countries face severe revenue constraints. They typically collect less than 10 per cent of GDP in taxes, compared to 25–50 per cent in high-income countries. The literature on state capacity and development argues that inability to collect taxes is at the heart of why low-income countries are as poor as they are. It suggests that the path to economic prosperity may begin with investment in governments’ capacity to collect the tax revenue necessary to provide public goods that enhance productivity. Property taxation is often the primary source of government revenue at the local level, and is essential for provision of local public goods.1 However, it remains one of the most under-utilised taxes in developing countries. This is partly because taxing properties requires mapping and assessing the value of properties, which is complex and expensive. Only 39 per cent of non-OECD countries and 15 per cent of sub-Saharan African nations have mapped their largest city’s private plots. Several approaches have been proposed to map and value properties (see Zebong, Fish and Prichard (2017) for a review). Some countries rely on in-person appraisal visits, but, while accurate, these are typically costly and prone to corruption. For this reason, many countries, such as Pakistan, Sierra Leone, and Malawi, have instead adopted simplified valuation methods. The most common approach is points-based valuation, which consists of assigning points based on the surface area of the land and buildings. Additional points are awarded for positive features, and deducted for negative features.
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Tabuga, Aubrey. Towards Inclusive Social Protection Program Coverage in the Philippines: Examining Gender Disparities. Philippine Institute for Development Studies, 2019. https://doi.org/10.62986/dp2019.11.

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The Philippines, being prone to natural calamities and vulnerable to economic fluctuations, has much to accomplish in terms of improving its population's access to social protection. A focus on women's access is crucial in the light of their significantly lower labor force participation rate (LFPR) compared to men's and because many women are in the informal sector. A study by the Asian Development Bank noted that the disparities in the access to social protection between men and women are found largely in social insurance, attributed to low representation of women in the formal sector resulting in the inability of many women to gain social insurance benefits. Using survey-based data from the Philippine Statistics Authority, this paper examines people's access to social protection by looking at the coverage of various social protection programs such as the Government Service Insurance System for government workers, Social Security System for private sector workers, and PhilHealth. It examines the circumstances of different groups of workers such as wage and nonwage earners, the self-employed, and the household workers, among others. It identifies the types of occupations and locations of those without access to social protection who belong to the bottom 30 percent of households as these represent those most in need of government intervention. This analysis is supplemented by an empirical estimation of the likelihood to be covered by social insurance schemes for both employed and unemployed persons. It likewise offers a closer look at the characteristics of those not in the labor force because this is a primary reason for the exclusion of many individuals in accessing social protection. Furthermore, the study examines the social insurance aspect of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps). The overall goal of this undertaking is to recommend insights for purposes of improving the coverage of social protection programs in the country.
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Vasilopoulou, Sofia. Economic Malaise and Political Discontent: An Analysis of the 2024 European Parliament Election in Greece. European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS), 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.55271/rp0072.

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The 2024 European Parliament (EP) election in Greece was held against a background of geopolitical instability in Europe’s neighbourhood. However, domestic – rather than European – issues dominated the campaigns, including the economy, inflation and the cost-of-living crisis. The electoral results were primarily an anti-government protest vote and confirmed a trend of electoral fragmentation across the political spectrum. On the right, three relatively new far-right populist parties received parliamentary representation, i.e., the Greek Solution, Victory and the Voice of Reason. On the left, SYRIZA–PA maintained its second place, although its support declined substantively compared to the previous EP election. Course of Freedom and the KKE, on the other hand, were key electoral beneficiaries in the left-wing space. Younger age groups primarily opted for SYRIZA–PA, whereas older groups were more likely to support New Democracy. That said, far-right parties also received votes from younger generations. Geographically, the far right is more successful in the north of Greece. The key message of this election was political discontent and a general feeling of economic malaise posing dilemmas across the political spectrum. Keywords: elections; public opinion; populism; the left; the right; Greece
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