Relevant bibliographies by topics / Reason - History

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Reason - History'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Reason - History"

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Bledsoe, Wayne M. "Reason and History or only a History of Reason?" History: Reviews of New Books 20, no. 1 (July 1991): 45–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03612759.1991.9949521.

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Moshman, David. "Reason, Reasons and Reasoning." Theory & Psychology 4, no. 2 (May 1994): 245–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959354394042005.

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Hoping, Helmut. "Reason in History." Proceedings of the American Catholic Philosophical Association 68 (1994): 187–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/acpaproc19946825.

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Marsh, James L. "Reason, History, and Politics." International Philosophical Quarterly 37, no. 2 (1997): 248–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/ipq199737219.

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Evans, C. Stephen. "Faith, Reason, and History." Faith and Philosophy 5, no. 3 (1988): 330–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/faithphil19885338.

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Conee, Earl, and Hilary Putnam. "Reason, Truth and History." Noûs 21, no. 1 (March 1987): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2215072.

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Shope, Robert K., and Hilary Putnam. "Reason, Truth and History." Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 45, no. 4 (June 1985): 644. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2107572.

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Hunter, Ian. "Terror, Reason, and History." Alternatives: Global, Local, Political 36, no. 1 (February 2011): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0304375411402018.

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Fillion, Réal Robert. "Realizing Reason in History." Owl of Minerva 23, no. 1 (1991): 77–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/owl19912313.

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Allen, Amy. "Reason, power and history." Thesis Eleven 120, no. 1 (February 2014): 10–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0725513613519588.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Reason - History"

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Santos, Flores Kevin A. "The Reason the Reagan Administration Overthrew the Sandinista Government." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1268941542.

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Klafter, Craig Evan. "Reason over precedents : the origins of American legal thought." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314982.

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Carmel, Elad. ""When reason is against a man, a man will be against reason" : Hobbes, deism, and politics." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d0df094a-ba7f-484c-aa30-ca1dca2eeaa7.

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This thesis explores the relationship between Thomas Hobbes and English deism. It seeks to show that Hobbes's work had a significant influence upon subsequent deists, namely, Charles Blount, John Toland, Matthew Tindal, and Anthony Collins. The thesis shows that these deists were influenced by certain distinctively Hobbesian anticlerical ideas, such as his biblical criticism, his materialism and determinism, his scepticism towards present revelation, and more. The deists, who were motivated by a similar form of anticlericalism, found in Hobbes a particularly resourceful ally. Furthermore, this thesis explores how some of Hobbes's political ideas influenced the deists: particularly his concerns regarding the dangerous role that priestly interests played in society and the instability that they generated. This thesis thus argues that Hobbes can be seen as a major influence upon English deism. Secondly, it offers an examination of Hobbes's concepts of God and reason. It shows that whilst Hobbes's accounts of God and reason were multilayered and at times perhaps underdeveloped, they contained significant elements that anticipated the later positions of the deists. Finally, this thesis argues that for Hobbes, the rational potential of humankind, implanted by God, could be cultivated and fulfilled once peace and security are guaranteed. Thus, this thesis attempts to recover some of the more utopian aspects of Hobbes's thought. It concludes that both Hobbes and the deists were part of a project of enlightenment, but one which was not aimed against religion as such. They attempted to liberate natural reason from the darkness of corrupt clerics and their false doctrines: this was an anticlerical enlightenment that was partly initiated by Hobbes and developed significantly by the deists.
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Campbell, Paul. "America's Temple of Reason: Proselytizing Deism in the Early Republic." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2015. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/311219.

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History
M.A.
During the early American Republic the Age of Enlightenment was in its twilight years. The era of rationalism was coming to an end, much of which was due to the astounding growth of religious revivalism. Overwhelmingly, the public showed a preference for a God who appealed to emotion rather than reason. However, the Enlightenment did not quietly submit to defeat. Thomas Paine's Age of Reason, a blistering denunciation of revealed religion, created a sensation on both sides of the Atlantic. In America, a spirited minority followed in Paine's footsteps as proselytizers of deism. From November 1800 to the February 1803, they printed The Temple of Reason, a weekly newspaper that endeavored to spread the wisdom of religious toleration and a God of Reason to the public. What made these individuals unique was that they helped to bring the Enlightenment down from the confines of the intellectual elite. This thesis builds on the scholarly discussion among historians of the Early Republic that deist proselytizers attempted to attract a popular following. I further the discussion by arguing that The Temple of Reason endeavored to reach out to the middling sort and working people, typically a non-traditional audience for the Enlightenment. Constituting the majority of my sources are articles from the newspaper itself. By disseminating the content, I demonstrate that much of the language and thematic material employed were specifically designed to appeal to people from ordinary backgrounds. This was not random or coincidental, but a conscious strategy on the part of deist proselytizers to make the Enlightenment a more inclusive movement.
Temple University--Theses
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Martin, Nathan 1978. "Rameau and Rousseau : harmony and history in the age of reason." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=115640.

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Rousseau's articles on music for Diderot and d'Alembert's Encyclopedie , and to a lesser extent his Dictionnaire de musique, have rarely attracted the scholarly attention they deserve. As a result, the pivotal role that Rousseau played in the early French reception of Rameau's theory of harmony has never been fully appreciated. Far from being a quarrel over musical aesthetics, Rousseau's dispute with Rameau raised fundamental questions about the composer's theory of harmony. Rousseau interrogated the empirical adequacy of Rameau's theory, the soundness of its foundations, the logic of its derivation, and its pretension to universality. Over the course of his criticism, Rousseau came to regard tonal harmony as a historically-induced particularity of Western music to be explained through historical inquiry. In this respect, he anticipates a range of ideas that historians of music theory have associated far more readily with Francois-Joseph Fetis.
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Vandeputte, Thomas. "Critique of journalistic reason : language and history in Kierkegaard, Nietzsche and Benjamin." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2017. http://research.gold.ac.uk/22570/.

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This dissertation examines the significance of a theme that recurs throughout the work of Kierkegaard, Nietzsche and Benjamin but has remained largely overlooked: their preoccupation with journalism. I aim to show that the numerous reflections on journalism that punctuate their writings cannot be separated from their philosophy ‘proper’. On the contrary: as I will argue, this preoccupation plays a pivotal role in the philosophical work of each of these thinkers – in particular their reflections on the philosophy of history. This pivotal role is best understood by examining the theme of journalism in the context of Kierkegaard, Nietzsche and Benjamin’s inquiries into the conditions and possibilities of historical experience. For each of the three thinkers discussed here, the structure of our experience of history is crystallised in an exemplary manner in the figures of the journalist and the newspaper reader. To understand the conditions under which historical experience becomes possible, so their reflections on the topic suggest, would require a study of journalism and its language, its subjective types and figures, its characteristic sense of time. As such, the figure of journalism will play a distinctly ambivalent role: for Kierkegaard, Nietzsche and Benjamin alike, it will mark both the site of the breakdown of historical experience and of its possible renewal. Each of the thinkers discussed here will understand journalism as the exemplary expression of a collapse of the main categories of the philosophy of history after Hegel. At the same time, however, Kierkegaard, Nietzsche and Benjamin will treat journalism as a site from which a new experience of history may be wrested. As I will show, the images of market criers and angelic messengers, errant reports and rumours, pamphlets and ephemera that are scattered throughout their work can be seen to harbour the elements of a new conception of historical time and experience.
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Susner, Lisa Marie. "To Think for Themselves: Teaching Faith and Reason in Nineteenth-Century America." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1482169008878297.

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Greenlee, Patricia Annettee. "Separation of Church and State: A Diffusion of Reason and Religion." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2006. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2237.

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The evolution of America's religious liberty was birthed by a separate church and state. As America strides into the twenty first century the origin of separation of church and state continues to be a heated topic of debate. Conservatives argue that America's version of separation of church and state was birthed by principles of Christian liberty. Liberals reject this idea maintaining that the evolution of a separate church and state in America was based on enlightened thinking that demanded rational men should have religious liberty. The best way to achieve this was by erecting a wall of separation between church and state. Sources used in this study include The Letters of Roger Williams, The Papers of Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, and the Diary of Isaac Backus, along with many other primary and secondary sources. This study concludes that America’s religious freedom, conceptualized in its separate church and state is a creation of both reason and religion.
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Moon, Suckho. "The problem of faith and history in Wolfhart Pannenberg." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1986. http://www.tren.com.

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Fernandez, Jose Luis. "Kant’s Proleptic Philosophy of History: The World Well-Hoped." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2019. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/543456.

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Philosophy
Ph.D.
The aim of this dissertation is to examine and helpfully elucidate Kant’s proleptic philosophy of history by pursuing lines of thought across both his critical and historical body of work. A key motivation for this goal stems from noticing certain repetitive explications of Kant’s philosophy across, among other subjects, history, biology, religion, teleology, culture, and education, which, as precise and careful in their detail, all seem to converge on key Kantian ideas of teleology and morality. Rather than concentrating on any one aspect of Kant’s proleptic philosophy, I set out to (i) investigate seemingly untenable problems with his characterization of reason in history, (ii) to counter what I take as a misreading, if not misattributions, of Kant’s proleptic, and not prophetic, thoughts on historical progress, (iii) to offer an original reflection on Kant’s use of a famous stoic phrase in two of his political essays, and (iv) to an attempt a close exegesis toward tying notions of teleology and hope with that of need. The approach that I take in these chapters is both problem centered and exegetical, and while I attempt to answer concerns in the secondary literature pertaining to Kant’s proleptic philosophy of history, I also stay close to the primary texts by providing references and citations to key claims and passages which reinforce Kant’s forceful portrait of the poietic power of human reason to create a world hospitable to its rational ends.
Temple University--Theses
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Books on the topic "Reason - History"

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Robinson, R. J. The history of human reason. Alton: Prometheus Research Group, 2004.

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Augsburger, Myron S. When reason fails. Wheaton, Ill: Tyndale House Publishers, 1985.

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Dream of reason. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2009.

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R, Fawcett Carolyn, and Cohen R. S, eds. Reason and being. Dordrecht: D. Reidel Pub. Co., 1987.

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Kuznet͡sov, B. G. Reason and being. Boston: D. Reidel, 1987.

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Hume's reason. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.

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The Catholicity of reason. Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2013.

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Reason, religion, and democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.

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Denis, Forman. To reason why. Barnsley, South Yorkshire: Pen & Sword Military, 2008.

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Denis, Forman. To reason why. Barnsley, South Yorkshire: Pen & Sword Military, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Reason - History"

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Cobb-Stevens, Richard. "Reason and History." In Husserl and Analytic Philosophy, 182–203. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1888-7_9.

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Carr, Craig L. "Politics, History, and Reason." In Liberalism and Pluralism, 155–75. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230106055_8.

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Forrai, Gábor. "Lakatos, Reason and History." In Appraising Lakatos, 73–83. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0769-5_5.

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Davis, Herbert. "The Augustan Conception of History." In Reason and Imagination, 213–29. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003222996-11.

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Schaffer, Simon. "Occultism and Reason." In Philosophy, its History and Historiography, 117–43. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5317-8_11.

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Höffe, Otfried. "System and History." In Kant's Critique of Pure Reason, 359–79. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2722-1_22.

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Olesen, Søren Gosvig. "Husserl and the History of Reason." In Transcendental History, 3–17. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137277787_1.

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Crane, R. S. "The Houyhnhnms, the Yahoos, and the History of Ideas." In Reason and Imagination, 231–53. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003222996-12.

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Tomasoni, Francesco. "Reason, Humanity and Religions." In Modernity and the Final Aim of History, 17–87. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0113-6_2.

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Metschl, Ulrich. "Putnam, Hilary: Reason, Truth and History." In Kindlers Literatur Lexikon (KLL), 1–2. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05728-0_14857-1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Reason - History"

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Li, Zixuan, Xiaolong Jin, Saiping Guan, Wei Li, Jiafeng Guo, Yuanzhuo Wang, and Xueqi Cheng. "Search from History and Reason for Future: Two-stage Reasoning on Temporal Knowledge Graphs." In Proceedings of the 59th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 11th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers). Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.acl-long.365.

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Bajana, Ivan, and Miriam Jarošová. "Flying in wave conditions, priciple of lfying in wave, history and dangers." In Práce a štúdie. University of Žilina, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26552/pas.z.2021.1.40.

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Flying in wave is becoming increasingly popular for pilots of gliders and sport engine airplanes. The growing trend of flying inwave conditions can be seen not only in Slovakia but almost all over the world The reason for the increase in the number of the high-altitude flights in the wave is their great potential, which has been demostrated several times in the record books. On the cotrary, for navigation and training flights, the occurence of wave current is unsuitable. It brings with it great risks and dangers that have ended tragically many times in history. For this reason, there is a long and extesive meteorological preparation behind the wave flights. The aim of wave conditions research is to provide information on how to predict wave flow, under what conditions and with at least what equipment it is possible to fly sadely in wave current and what pitfalls and risks wave wave brings with it. The result is a range of information that can be used not only for flights into the wave but also for normal navigation or training flights.
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Bidarra, Rafael, and Willem F. Bronsvoort. "History-Independent Boundary Evaluation for Feature Modeling." In ASME 1999 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc99/cie-9122.

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Abstract Most current feature modeling systems strongly rely on a history-based interpretation of the feature model, in order to maintain its evaluated boundary representation. This dependency on the model history is undesirable, as it forces the user of the modeling system to reason in terms of a strict chronological feature creation order. Moreover, re-evaluation of the boundary representation, as performed in such systems, has a computational cost proportional to the size of the model history. Such drawbacks suggest that current feature modeling systems are still too tied to conventional geometric modeling techniques. In this paper, it is argued that to overcome the drawbacks mentioned above, a declarative feature model is required, whose structure is dynamically adapted as modeling operations create or modify relations among its features. Operations performed on this feature model can then be efficiently propagated to an evaluated non-manifold geometric representation, without invoking model history considerations. The paper describes how such a geometric model — the so-called Cellular Model — can be maintained throughout model evolution. For each modeling operation, this is achieved in two phases. First, the Cellular Model is incrementally re-evaluated. Second, the Cellular Model is interpreted, according to the feature information stored in its cellular entities and the current dependencies among the features. The advantages of the use of this history-independent boundary evaluation, implemented within the semantic feature modeling approach, are illustrated with some modeling examples.
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Pennacchi, Paolo, Andrea Vania, Steven Chatterton, and Emanuel Pesatori. "Case History of Pad Fluttering in a Tilting-Pad Journal Bearing." In ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2010-22946.

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This paper describes in detail the case history of a steam turbine affected by very high level of vibrations. Spectral analysis showed that the turbine shaft exhibited high sub-synchronous harmonic components. The analysis of the machine dynamic behavior, fully described here, allowed excluding some causes of instability like steam whirl or oil whirl/whip. The cause of the abnormal vibration level was ascribed to fluttering phenomena that affected some shoes of one of the “load on pad-type” four-pad tilting-pad journal bearings on which the rotor was supported. This abnormal behaviour was caused by the assembling error of the bottom shoe. Moreover, when approaching the operating speed, it was rather difficult to obtain a suitable convergent oil-film on the lateral pads. This reason, as well as the periodic changes of the journal position inside the bearing caused by the shaft synchronous vibrations due to the turbine residual imbalance, generated the excitation of sub-synchronous vibrations of both pads and shaft.
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Lin, Jhe-Nan, Wei-Zen Sun, Huei-Ming Ma, and Meng-Han Yang. "Data mining based on the emergency medical database the association between the reason of calling ambulance service and the medical history of patients." In 2016 International Conference on Applied System Innovation (ICASI). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icasi.2016.7539835.

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Gadeikis, Saulius, Kastytis Dundulis, Aistė Daukšytė, and Sonata Gadeikytė. "The Cathedral of Vilnius: Problems and Features of Natural Conditions." In The 13th Baltic Sea Region Geotechnical Conference. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13bsgc.2016.001.

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The Cathedral of Vilnius is one of the main architectural monuments in Lithuania. This structure was built in unfavourable geological conditions. Due to this reason, the foundation of the building subsides; there occur wall deformations and cracks. Preservation of the building is today’s urgent problem. When evaluating the geologic environment from the perspective of engineering, construction works require deep analysis of the following key environment components and discuss them: relief, soils of geologic structure and their geotechnical properties, conditions of underground water occurrence and geological processes, and condition of the foundation. The article provides the brief history of construction and reconstruction of the Cathedral based on archival studies, the description of engineering geological conditions, and the archeologic and historic material of the evaluation of the foundation.
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Natsvaladze, Mamuka. "“GREEK PROJECT” – CLUE TO THE HISTORY OF GEORGIA 50-90-IES OF XVIII CENTURY." In Proceedings of the XXIII International Scientific and Practical Conference. RS Global Sp. z O.O., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_conf/25112020/7247.

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Global international project of the 70-80-s of the XVIII century envisaging a new distribution of Europe based on the areas of the Ottoman Empire is reviewed in the article. This topic acquires a final feature in a conceptual form in the correspondence between Catherine II and the Emperor of Austria and the Holy Roman Empire Josephus II under the name of "Greek Project". The article is a scientific fragment of a monograph, reviewing the Greek Project in regard of the Caucasus for the first time in historiography. Initially, Soviet historiography strictly separated itself from the Greek Project, since the objective research of the latter would ensure presenting the Russian Empire as an aggressive state. Afterwards, the research of this project was converted into a narrow political framework and presented as a plan to conquer Crimea. The Greek Project can be unequivocally considered as a key to the history of Georgia of 50-80-ies of the XVIII century. A number of studies have shown that numerous problematic questions remain unanswered until the present day without considering the Greek Project. Patience and tolerance shown by the King of Kartli - Kakheti Erekle II towards the Russian intrigues cannot be explained without the Greek Project. Georgia acquires qualitatively different and desired form of all time through the implementation of the Greek Project. The Greek Project is an attempt to create a Christian global political model, a political background that can serve as a precondition for the restoration of a real united Caucasian Home, ensuring a guarantee of irreversible development and security for all royal principalities and khanate in the Caucasus. This is the reason, the state oriented thinker Erekle II, avoids responding with aggression to the permanent intrigues of Russia. Erekle II tries to get involved in this great political game as a sovereign of a full-fledged political entity. Such attitude of Erekle is a guarantee of success for the Imperial Court of St. Petersburg. However, Russia chooses a completely different way - confronting Erekle's benevolent alliance with hostile, imperial sentiments. The main message of these sentiments is that a united Caucasus, independent Georgian kingdoms for Russia is considered to be an anti-Russian phenomenon. This consistent and hostile attitude towards the Caucasus became the reason for the failure of Russian policy - it could neither establish a model of Christian globalization nor neutralize the Ottomans. Therefore, the study and understanding of the referred problem is rather important to determine the directions and priorities of modern political processes.
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Bakirov, Murat, Sergei Chubarov, and Evgeny Morozov. "Problems of Development of a Prediction Technique of a Residual Lifetime of Heat Exchanging Tubes of WWER NPPs." In 16th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone16-48557.

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Efficiency of steam generators (SG) is one of the major components of safety operation of NPP units. The history of design evolution and operation of SG as in Russia, and abroad, shows that main for SG resource is problem of heat exchanging tubes (HET) integrity. It is replaced more than 150 SG on NPP with PWR to 2005 year. It has happened because of heat exchanging tubes have been damaged. This reason has led to replacement of 6 SG on the NPP with WWER [1].
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Cheng, Pei-Yuan, and Tasnim Hassan. "Residual Stress and Strain Responses of Welded Piping Joints Under Low-Cycle Fatigue Loading." In ASME 2009 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2009-77813.

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It is well known that residual stress of welded joints influence their fatigue lives. This influence of residual stress is manifested through strain ratcheting response at the weld toe. Among many other reasons, strain ratcheting at the weld toe is anticipated to be a reason of many premature fatigue failure of welded joints. Hence, accurate simulations of weld toe residual stress and strain responses are essential for fatigue life simulation of welded joints. This paper presents results form an ongoing study on fatigue failure of welded piping joints. A modeling scheme for simulating weld toe residual stress and strain response is developed. Uncoupled, thermo-mechanical, finite element analyses are employed for imitating the welding procedure, and thereby simulating the temperature history during welding and initial residual stresses. Simulated residual stresses are validated by comparing against the measured residual stresses. Finite element simulations indicate that both residual stress and resulting strain responses near the weld toe are the key factors in inducing fatigue cracks at the weld toe. Research needs in revealing the fatigue failure mechanisms at the weld toe are discussed.
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Zhilin, Denis M., and Marina Tokareva. "CHEMISTRY OF PAINTINGS OR HOW TO INVOLVE 8-10 Y.O. CHILDREN FOR A TWO-HOUR SESSION WITHOUT BREAKS." In 1st International Baltic Symposium on Science and Technology Education. Scientia Socialis Ltd., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/balticste/2015.108.

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The paper describes the experience of sessions on chemistry of paintings and chemistry of pencils for 8-10 y.o. pupils and their parents. The session consisted of lecture on the history of paints and pencils and laboratory sub-session where the participants made paints and pencils themselves. The participants could quit whenever they wanted, but really worked for more than two hours without break, that is extremely long for this age. We think that the reason is a diverse activity and a bright output. Key words: chemistry, elementary school, laboratory, painting.
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Reports on the topic "Reason - History"

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Huber, Dean W., and Philip M. McDonald. California's hardwood resource: history and reasons for lack of a sustained hardwood industry. Albany, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/psw-gtr-135.

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Aoun, C., and E. Davies. Reasons to Move the Network Address Translator - Protocol Translator (NAT-PT) to Historic Status. RFC Editor, July 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc4966.

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Gordon, Jennifer F., and Sara B. Marcketti. "I should probably know more": Reasons for and roadblocks to the use of historic collections. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-445.

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Pryshliak, Yaryna. DESTRUCTIVE OF CURRENT INFORMATION: CONTENT ANALYSIS OF THE HEADLINES OF NEWS AGGREGATORS IN UKRAINE, USA AND RUSSIA. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.50.11102.

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The article outlines the impact of negative news on the minds of recipients, describes the reasons for the audience’s demand for negative information and represents the quantitative data of destructive information in the media space of Ukraine, USA and Russia. The rapid development of communication technologies, which contributes to the creation and dissemination of the largest volumes of information in human history, and therefore negative news, explains the relevance of the chosen topic. The main objectives of the study are news headlines that appear in the feed of the Google News aggregator (regional versions of the United States, Ukraine and Russia).
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Webb, Philip, and Sarah Fletcher. Unsettled Issues on Human-Robot Collaboration and Automation in Aerospace Manufacturing. SAE International, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2020024.

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This SAE EDGE™ Research Report builds a comprehensive picture of the current state-of-the-art of human-robot applications, identifying key issues to unlock the technology’s potential. It brings together views of recognized thought leaders to understand and deconstruct the myths and realities of human- robot collaboration, and how it could eventually have the impact envisaged by many. Current thinking suggests that the emerging technology of human-robot collaboration provides an ideal solution, combining the flexibility and skill of human operators with the precision, repeatability, and reliability of robots. Yet, the topic tends to generate intense reactions ranging from a “brave new future” for aircraft manufacturing and assembly, to workers living in fear of a robot invasion and lost jobs. It is widely acknowledged that the application of robotics and automation in aerospace manufacturing is significantly lower than might be expected. Reasons include product variability, size, design philosophy, and relatively low volumes. Also, the occasional reticence due to a history of past false starts plays a role too. Unsettled Issues on Human-Robot Collaboration and Automation in Aerospace Manufacturing goes deep into the core questions that really matter so the necessary step changes can move the industry forward.
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Karlstrom, Karl, Laura Crossey, Allyson Matthis, and Carl Bowman. Telling time at Grand Canyon National Park: 2020 update. National Park Service, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2285173.

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Grand Canyon National Park is all about time and timescales. Time is the currency of our daily life, of history, and of biological evolution. Grand Canyon’s beauty has inspired explorers, artists, and poets. Behind it all, Grand Canyon’s geology and sense of timelessness are among its most prominent and important resources. Grand Canyon has an exceptionally complete and well-exposed rock record of Earth’s history. It is an ideal place to gain a sense of geologic (or deep) time. A visit to the South or North rims, a hike into the canyon of any length, or a trip through the 277-mile (446-km) length of Grand Canyon are awe-inspiring experiences for many reasons, and they often motivate us to look deeper to understand how our human timescales of hundreds and thousands of years overlap with Earth’s many timescales reaching back millions and billions of years. This report summarizes how geologists tell time at Grand Canyon, and the resultant “best” numeric ages for the canyon’s strata based on recent scientific research. By best, we mean the most accurate and precise ages available, given the dating techniques used, geologic constraints, the availability of datable material, and the fossil record of Grand Canyon rock units. This paper updates a previously-published compilation of best numeric ages (Mathis and Bowman 2005a; 2005b; 2007) to incorporate recent revisions in the canyon’s stratigraphic nomenclature and additional numeric age determinations published in the scientific literature. From bottom to top, Grand Canyon’s rocks can be ordered into three “sets” (or primary packages), each with an overarching story. The Vishnu Basement Rocks were once tens of miles deep as North America’s crust formed via collisions of volcanic island chains with the pre-existing continent between 1,840 and 1,375 million years ago. The Grand Canyon Supergroup contains evidence for early single-celled life and represents basins that record the assembly and breakup of an early supercontinent between 729 and 1,255 million years ago. The Layered Paleozoic Rocks encode stories, layer by layer, of dramatic geologic changes and the evolution of animal life during the Paleozoic Era (period of ancient life) between 270 and 530 million years ago. In addition to characterizing the ages and geology of the three sets of rocks, we provide numeric ages for all the groups and formations within each set. Nine tables list the best ages along with information on each unit’s tectonic or depositional environment, and specific information explaining why revisions were made to previously published numeric ages. Photographs, line drawings, and diagrams of the different rock formations are included, as well as an extensive glossary of geologic terms to help define important scientific concepts. The three sets of rocks are separated by rock contacts called unconformities formed during long periods of erosion. This report unravels the Great Unconformity, named by John Wesley Powell 150 years ago, and shows that it is made up of several distinct erosion surfaces. The Great Nonconformity is between the Vishnu Basement Rocks and the Grand Canyon Supergroup. The Great Angular Unconformity is between the Grand Canyon Supergroup and the Layered Paleozoic Rocks. Powell’s term, the Great Unconformity, is used for contacts where the Vishnu Basement Rocks are directly overlain by the Layered Paleozoic Rocks. The time missing at these and other unconformities within the sets is also summarized in this paper—a topic that can be as interesting as the time recorded. Our goal is to provide a single up-to-date reference that summarizes the main facets of when the rocks exposed in the canyon’s walls were formed and their geologic history. This authoritative and readable summary of the age of Grand Canyon rocks will hopefully be helpful to National Park Service staff including resource managers and park interpreters at many levels of geologic understandings...
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Hendricks, Kasey. Data for Alabama Taxation and Changing Discourse from Reconstruction to Redemption. University of Tennessee, Knoxville Libraries, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7290/wdyvftwo4u.

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At their most basic level taxes carry, in the words of Schumpeter ([1918] 1991), “the thunder of history” (p. 101). They say something about the ever-changing structures of social, economic, and political life. Taxes offer a blueprint, in both symbolic and concrete terms, for uncovering the most fundamental arrangements in society – stratification included. The historical retellings captured within these data highlight the politics of taxation in Alabama from 1856 to 1901, including conflicts over whom money is expended upon as well as struggles over who carries their fair share of the tax burden. The selected timeline overlaps with the formation of five of six constitutions adopted in the State of Alabama, including 1861, 1865, 1868, 1875, and 1901. Having these years as the focal point makes for an especially meaningful case study, given how much these constitutional formations made the state a site for much political debate. These data contain 5,121 pages of periodicals from newspapers throughout the state, including: Alabama Sentinel, Alabama State Intelligencer, Alabama State Journal, Athens Herald, Daily Alabama Journal, Daily Confederation, Elyton Herald, Mobile Daily Tribune, Mobile Tribune, Mobile Weekly Tribune, Morning Herald, Nationalist, New Era, Observer, Tuscaloosa Observer, Tuskegee News, Universalist Herald, and Wilcox News and Pacificator. The contemporary relevance of these historical debates manifests in Alabama’s current constitution which was adopted in 1901. This constitution departs from well-established conventions of treating the document as a legal framework that specifies a general role of governance but is firm enough to protect the civil rights and liberties of the population. Instead, it stands more as a legislative document, or procedural straightjacket, that preempts through statutory material what regulatory action is possible by the state. These barriers included a refusal to establish a state board of education and enact a tax structure for local education in addition to debt and tax limitations that constrained government capacity more broadly. Prohibitive features like these are among the reasons that, by 2020, the 1901 Constitution has been amended nearly 1,000 times since its adoption. However, similar procedural barriers have been duplicated across the U.S. since (e.g., California’s Proposition 13 of 1978). Reference: Schumpeter, Joseph. [1918] 1991. “The Crisis of the Tax State.” Pp. 99-140 in The Economics and Sociology of Capitalism, edited by Richard Swedberg. Princeton University Press.
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Lazonick, William, Philip Moss, and Joshua Weitz. The Unmaking of the Black Blue-Collar Middle Class. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp159.

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In the decade after the Civil Rights Act of 1964, African Americans made historic gains in accessing employment opportunities in racially integrated workplaces in U.S. business firms and government agencies. In the previous working papers in this series, we have shown that in the 1960s and 1970s, Blacks without college degrees were gaining access to the American middle class by moving into well-paid unionized jobs in capital-intensive mass production industries. At that time, major U.S. companies paid these blue-collar workers middle-class wages, offered stable employment, and provided employees with health and retirement benefits. Of particular importance to Blacks was the opening up to them of unionized semiskilled operative and skilled craft jobs, for which in a number of industries, and particularly those in the automobile and electronic manufacturing sectors, there was strong demand. In addition, by the end of the 1970s, buoyed by affirmative action and the growth of public-service employment, Blacks were experiencing upward mobility through employment in government agencies at local, state, and federal levels as well as in civil-society organizations, largely funded by government, to operate social and community development programs aimed at urban areas where Blacks lived. By the end of the 1970s, there was an emergent blue-collar Black middle class in the United States. Most of these workers had no more than high-school educations but had sufficient earnings and benefits to provide their families with economic security, including realistic expectations that their children would have the opportunity to move up the economic ladder to join the ranks of the college-educated white-collar middle class. That is what had happened for whites in the post-World War II decades, and given the momentum provided by the dominant position of the United States in global manufacturing and the nation’s equal employment opportunity legislation, there was every reason to believe that Blacks would experience intergenerational upward mobility along a similar education-and-employment career path. That did not happen. Overall, the 1980s and 1990s were decades of economic growth in the United States. For the emerging blue-collar Black middle class, however, the experience was of job loss, economic insecurity, and downward mobility. As the twentieth century ended and the twenty-first century began, moreover, it became apparent that this downward spiral was not confined to Blacks. Whites with only high-school educations also saw their blue-collar employment opportunities disappear, accompanied by lower wages, fewer benefits, and less security for those who continued to find employment in these jobs. The distress experienced by white Americans with the decline of the blue-collar middle class follows the downward trajectory that has adversely affected the socioeconomic positions of the much more vulnerable blue-collar Black middle class from the early 1980s. In this paper, we document when, how, and why the unmaking of the blue-collar Black middle class occurred and intergenerational upward mobility of Blacks to the college-educated middle class was stifled. We focus on blue-collar layoffs and manufacturing-plant closings in an important sector for Black employment, the automobile industry from the early 1980s. We then document the adverse impact on Blacks that has occurred in government-sector employment in a financialized economy in which the dominant ideology is that concentration of income among the richest households promotes productive investment, with government spending only impeding that objective. Reduction of taxes primarily on the wealthy and the corporate sector, the ascendancy of political and economic beliefs that celebrate the efficiency and dynamism of “free market” business enterprise, and the denigration of the idea that government can solve social problems all combined to shrink government budgets, diminish regulatory enforcement, and scuttle initiatives that previously provided greater opportunity for African Americans in the government and civil-society sectors.
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CONSENSUS STUDY ON THE STATE OF THE HUMANITIES IN SOUTH AFRICA: STATUS, PROSPECTS AND STRATEGIES. Academy of Science of South Africa, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/assaf.2016/0025.

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The purpose of this study was to provide evidence-based advice on the status and future role of the Humanities in South Africa to government and other stakeholders (such as science councils, the department of education, universities) as a contribution towards improving the human condition. Everywhere, the Humanities is judged by many to be in “crisis.” The reasons for this, in South Africa, include the governmental emphasis on science and technology; the political emphasis on the economically-grounded idea of “developmentalism;” the shift of values among youth (and their parents) towards practical employment and financial gain; and the argument that the challenges faced by our society are so urgent and immediate that the reflective and critical modes of thinking favoured in the Humanities seem to be unaffordable luxuries. The Report provides invaluable detail about the challenges and opportunities associated with tapping the many pools of excellence that exist in the country. It should be used as a guideline for policymakers to do something concrete to improve the circumstances faced by the Humanities, not only in South Africa but also around the world. Amongst other recommendations, the Report calls for the establishment of a Council for the Humanities to advise government on how to improve the status and standing of the Humanities in South Africa. It also calls for initiation, through the leadership of the Department of Basic Education, considered measures to boost knowledge of and positive choices for the Humanities throughout the twelve years of schooling, including progressive ways of privileging the Arts, History and Languages in the school curriculum through Grade 12.
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