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Journal articles on the topic 'Reasoning (Psychology) Decision making'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

Ricou, Miguel, and Sílvia Marina. "Decision Making and Ethical Reasoning in Psychology." Psychology in Russia: State of the Art 13, no. 1 (2020): 2–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.11621/pir.2020.0101.

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2

Evans, Jonathan St B. T., and Shira Elqayam. "Towards a descriptivist psychology of reasoning and decision making." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 34, no. 5 (2011): 275–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x11001440.

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AbstractOur target article identifiednormativismas the view that rationality should be evaluated against unconditional normative standards. We believe this to be entrenched in the psychological study of reasoning and decision making and argued that it is damaging to this empirical area of study, calling instead for a descriptivist psychology of reasoning and decision making. The views of 29 commentators (from philosophy and cognitive science as well as psychology) were mixed, including some staunch defences of normativism, but also a number that were broadly supportive of our position, althoug

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Garnham, Alan. "Book Review: The Developmental Psychology of Reasoning and Decision-Making." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 67, no. 10 (2014): 2069–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2014.930224.

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Arló-Costa, Horacio. "Similarity in logical reasoning and decision-making." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 28, no. 1 (2005): 14–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x05220010.

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Normative accounts in terms of similarity can be deployed in order to provide semantics for systems of context-free default rules and other sophisticated conditionals. In contrast, procedural accounts of decision in terms of similarity (Rubinstein 1997) are hard to reconcile with the normative rules of rationality used in decision-making, even when suitably weakened.

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Holyoak, Keith J., and Dan Simon. "Bidirectional reasoning in decision making by constraint satisfaction." Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 128, no. 1 (1999): 3–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.128.1.3.

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Gold, Natalie, Andrew M. Colman, and Briony D. Pulford. "Normative theory in decision making and moral reasoning." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 34, no. 5 (2011): 256–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x11000495.

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AbstractNormative theories can be useful in developing descriptive theories, as when normative subjective expected utility theory is used to develop descriptive rational choice theory and behavioral game theory. “Ought” questions are also the essence of theories of moral reasoning, a domain of higher mental processing that could not survive without normative considerations.

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Janssen, Eva M., Samuël B. Velinga, Wim de Neys, and Tamara van Gog. "Recognizing biased reasoning: Conflict detection during decision-making and decision-evaluation." Acta Psychologica 217 (June 2021): 103322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2021.103322.

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Song, Ki-Young, Janusz Kozinski, Gerald T. G. Seniuk, and Madan M. Gupta. "Excluded-Mean-Variance Neural Decision Analyzer for Qualitative Group Decision Making." Advances in Fuzzy Systems 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/204864.

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Many qualitative group decisions in professional fields such as law, engineering, economics, psychology, and medicine that appear to be crisp and certain are in reality shrouded in fuzziness as a result of uncertain environments and the nature of human cognition within which the group decisions are made. In this paper we introduce an innovative approach to group decision making in uncertain situations by using a mean-variance neural approach. The key idea of this proposed approach is to compute the excluded mean of individual evaluations and weight it by applying a variance influence function

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Stanovich, Keith E. "Decentered thought and consequentialist decision making." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19, no. 2 (1996): 323–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00042916.

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AbstractNear the end of his target article, Baron argues that we need to address the question of how to conduct education in consequentialist decision making. However, recent trends in education have deemphasized and denigrated decentered and decontextualized thought. It is argued here that perspective decentering and decontextualized thinking are absolutely essential to the development of consequentialist reasoning.

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weber, elke u., and jessica s. ancker. "towards a taxonomy of modes of moral decision-making." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 28, no. 4 (2005): 563–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x05440091.

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sunstein advocates a more systematic approach to the study of moral decision-making, namely the heuristics-and-biases paradigm. we offer two concerns and suggest that a focus on decision processes can add value. recent research on decision modes suggest that it is useful to distinguish between the qualitative differences in the ways in which moral decisions can be made when they are not made by reflective, consequentialist reasoning.

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Chóliz, Mariano. "Cognitive Biases and Decision Making in Gambling." Psychological Reports 107, no. 1 (2010): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/02.09.18.22.pr0.107.4.15-24.

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Heuristics and cognitive biases can occur in reasoning and decision making. Some of them are very common in gamblers (illusion of control, representativeness, availability, etc.). Structural characteristics and functioning of games of chance favor the appearance of these biases. Two experiments were conducted with nonpathological gamblers. The first experiment was a game of dice with wagers. In the second experiment, the participants played two bingo games. Specific rules of the games favored the appearance of cognitive bias (illusion of control) and heuristics (representativeness and availabi

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Klaczynski, Paul A., and Wejdan Felmban. "Effects of Thinking Dispositions, General Ability, Numeracy, and Instructional Set on Judgments and Decision-Making." Psychological Reports 123, no. 2 (2018): 341–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033294118806473.

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To explore hypotheses based on Stanovich’s proposal that analytic processing comprises a reflective-level, an algorithmic level, and specific mindware, 342 participants completed measures of thinking dispositions, general ability (GA), numeracy, and probabilistic and nonprobabilistic reasoning. In a control condition, numeracy predicted probabilistic reasoning at high levels of both thinking dispositions and GA, and GA predicted nonprobabilistic reasoning at high levels of thinking dispositions. In a logic instruction condition, numeracy predicted probabilistic reasoning when GA was high, and

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13

Song, Ki-Young, Gerald T. G. Seniuk, Janusz A. Kozinski, Wen-Jun Zhang, and Madan M. Gupta. "An Innovative Fuzzy-Neural Decision Analyzer for Qualitative Group Decision Making." International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making 14, no. 03 (2015): 659–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219622015500029.

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Many qualitative group decisions in professional fields such as law, engineering, economics, psychology, and medicine that appear to be crisp and certain are in reality shrouded in fuzziness as a result of uncertain environments and the nature of human cognition within which the group decisions are made. In this paper, we introduce an innovative approach to group decision making in uncertain situations by using fuzzy theory and a mean-variance neural approach. The key idea of this proposed approach is to defuzzify the fuzziness of the evaluation values from a group, compute the excluded-mean o

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14

Duschl, Richard A. "Practical reasoning and decision making in science: Struggles for truth." Educational Psychologist 55, no. 3 (2020): 187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00461520.2020.1784735.

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15

Kashyap, Naveen. "John Paul Minda, The Psychology of Thinking: Reasoning, Decision-Making, and Problem-Solving." Psychology Learning & Teaching 15, no. 3 (2016): 384–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1475725716661121.

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Schauer, Frederick. "Why Precedent in Law (and Elsewhere) is Not Totally (or Even Substantially) About Analogy." Perspectives on Psychological Science 3, no. 6 (2008): 454–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6924.2008.00090.x.

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Cognitive scientists who conduct research on analogical reasoning often claim that precedent in law is an application of reasoning by analogy. In fact, however, law's principle of precedent, as well as the use of precedent in ordinary argument, is quite different. The typical use of analogy in law, including analogies to earlier decisions, involves retrieval of a source analog (or exemplar) from multiple candidates in order to help make the best decision now. But the legal principle of precedent requires that a prior decision be treated as binding even if the current decision maker disagrees w

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Patterson, Robert Earl. "Intuitive Cognition and Models of Human–Automation Interaction." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 59, no. 1 (2017): 101–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018720816659796.

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Objective: The aim of this study was to provide an analysis of the implications of the dominance of intuitive cognition in human reasoning and decision making for conceptualizing models and taxonomies of human–automation interaction, focusing on the Parasuraman et al. model and taxonomy. Background: Knowledge about how humans reason and make decisions, which has been shown to be largely intuitive, has implications for the design of future human–machine systems. Method: One hundred twenty articles and books cited in other works as well as those obtained from an Internet search were reviewed. Wo

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Harenčárová, Hana. "Managing Uncertainty in Paramedics’ Decision Making." Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making 11, no. 1 (2016): 42–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1555343416674814.

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The objective of this article is to improve the understanding of uncertainty in paramedics’ work and the strategies they employ to manage uncertainty, and to provide a resource for training novices. Managing uncertainty is an important part of paramedic decision making and may have a direct impact on patient’s health. Yet, uncertainty has not been sufficiently examined in the naturalistic decision-making paradigm. Therefore, in this study I looked at the uncertainty paramedics have to deal with in nonroutine situations and the strategies they use to manage it. I conducted critical decision met

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19

Chang, Wan-Zu D., and Michelle S. Bourgeois. "Effects of Visual Aids for End-of-Life Care on Decisional Capacity of People With Dementia." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 29, no. 1 (2020): 185–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2019_ajslp-19-0028.

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Purpose This study evaluated the decision-making capacity of persons with mild and moderate dementia on end-of-life care when using visual aids. A secondary purpose was to learn whether the judges naive to the experimental conditions would rate participants' decisional abilities as better when augmented by visual aids, thereby validating the behavioral changes due to the use of these external support. Method Twenty older adults with mild and moderate dementia demonstrated Understanding, Expressing a Choice, Reasoning, and Appreciation of 2 medical vignettes under 2 counterbalanced conditions:

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Capestany, Beatrice H., and Lasana T. Harris. "Disgust and biological descriptions bias logical reasoning during legal decision-making." Social Neuroscience 9, no. 3 (2014): 265–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470919.2014.892531.

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21

Siegert, Richard J. "Some Thoughts About Reasoning in Clinical Neuropsychology." Behaviour Change 16, no. 1 (1999): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/bech.16.1.37.

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AbstractThe present paper argues that discussion of the role of reasoning in clinical neuropsychology has been largely restricted to a debate over the reliability and validity of end-stage decision-making. This has sometimes led to heated debate, but has not resulted in any careful consideration of either the process of clinical reasoning or the cognition of the clinician. There is already a wealth of theory and research on the kinds of errors typical of human judgement and decision-making. Moreover, much of this work is particularly relevant for neuropsychology, being frequently based on rese

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Dempsey, E. E., C. Moore, S. A. Johnson, S. H. Stewart, and I. M. Smith. "Morality in autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review." Development and Psychopathology 32, no. 3 (2019): 1069–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579419001160.

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AbstractMoral reasoning and decision making help guide behavior and facilitate interpersonal relationships. Accounts of morality that position commonsense psychology as the foundation of moral development, (i.e., rationalist theories) have dominated research in morality in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Given the well-documented differences in commonsense psychology among autistic individuals, researchers have investigated whether the development and execution of moral judgement and reasoning differs in this population compared with neurotypical individuals. In light of the diverse findings o

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23

Težak, Katja. "Creative Thinking and Decision-Making Processes in EFL Creative Writing." ELOPE: English Language Overseas Perspectives and Enquiries 12, no. 2 (2015): 161–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/elope.12.2.161-174.

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Creativity has been discussed, observed and researched for hundreds of years in the fields of psychology and philosophy – from the ancient notion of the inspired genius, all the way to modern psychologists trying to define creativity and prove its effects. Creativity has recently become a buzzword in EFL teaching practices. We try to stimulate creative thinking in the classroom, but possibly forget to observe the processes within it. The article discusses definitions of creativity and presents a qualitative study on the decision-making processes within EFL creative writing and its connections

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Proios, Miltiadis, and George Doganis. "Experiences from Active Membership and Participation in Decision-Making Processes and Age in Moral Reasoning and Goal Orientation of Referees." Perceptual and Motor Skills 96, no. 1 (2003): 113–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2003.96.1.113.

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The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of experiences of active membership and participation in decision-making processes and age on moral reasoning and goal orientations of referees in sport. The sample consisted of 148 referees of whom 56 judged soccer, 55 basketball, and 37 handball. Their ages ranged from 17 to 50 years ( M = 36.6, SD = 7.4). Of the total number of referees, 8.3% have no experiences from active membership and participation in decision-making processes in organizations (social, athletic, political), 53.1% were simply active members, and 38.6% were in

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Klaczynski, Paul A. "Analytic and Heuristic Processing Influences on Adolescent Reasoning and Decision-Making." Child Development 72, no. 3 (2001): 844–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00319.

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26

Markman, Arthur B. "Can developmental psychology provide a blueprint for the study of adult cognition?" Behavioral and Brain Sciences 34, no. 3 (2011): 140–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x10002475.

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AbstractIn order to develop sophisticated models of the core domains of knowledge that support complex cognitive processing in infants and children, developmental psychologists have mapped out the content of these knowledge domains. This research strategy may provide a blueprint for advancing research on adult cognitive processing. I illustrate this suggestion with examples from analogical reasoning and decision making.

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Osman, Magda, and Alex Wiegmann. "Explaining Moral Behavior." Experimental Psychology 64, no. 2 (2017): 68–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000336.

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Abstract. In this review we make a simple theoretical argument which is that for theory development, computational modeling, and general frameworks for understanding moral psychology researchers should build on domain-general principles from reasoning, judgment, and decision-making research. Our approach is radical with respect to typical models that exist in moral psychology that tend to propose complex innate moral grammars and even evolutionarily guided moral principles. In support of our argument we show that by using a simple value-based decision model we can capture a range of core moral

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Kasachkoff, Tziporah, and Herbert D. Saltzstein. "Reasoning and Moral Decision-Making: A Critique of the Social Intuitionist Model." International Journal of Developmental Science 2, no. 3 (2008): 287–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/dev-2008-2307.

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Mercier, Hugo, and Dan Sperber. "Why do humans reason? Arguments for an argumentative theory." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 34, no. 2 (2011): 57–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x10000968.

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AbstractReasoning is generally seen as a means to improve knowledge and make better decisions. However, much evidence shows that reasoning often leads to epistemic distortions and poor decisions. This suggests that the function of reasoning should be rethought. Our hypothesis is that the function of reasoning is argumentative. It is to devise and evaluate arguments intended to persuade. Reasoning so conceived is adaptive given the exceptional dependence of humans on communication and their vulnerability to misinformation. A wide range of evidence in the psychology of reasoning and decision mak

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Featherston, Rebecca Jean, Aron Shlonsky, Courtney Lewis, et al. "Interventions to Mitigate Bias in Social Work Decision-Making: A Systematic Review." Research on Social Work Practice 29, no. 7 (2018): 741–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049731518819160.

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Purpose: This systematic review synthesized evidence supporting interventions aimed at mitigating cognitive bias associated with the decision-making of social work professionals. Methods: A systematic search was conducted within 10 social services and health-care databases. Review authors independently screened studies in duplicate against prespecified inclusion criteria, and two review authors undertook data extraction and quality assessment. Results: Four relevant studies were identified. Because these studies were too heterogeneous to conduct meta-analyses, results are reported narratively.

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Sharps, Matthew J., Adam B. Hess, and Bethany Ranes. "Mindless Decision Making and Environmental Issues: Gestalt/Feature-Intensive Processing and Contextual Reasoning in Environmental Decisions." Journal of Psychology 141, no. 5 (2007): 525–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3200/jrlp.141.5.525-538.

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Brandstätter, Eduard, and Manuela Gussmack. "Knowledge-Based Choice." Psychological Reports 101, no. 3 (2007): 987–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.101.3.987-994.

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This study tested the distinction between knowledge-based choices and gambling decisions. Gambling decisions contain stated probabilities, and success depends on chance only. In knowledge-based decisions, in contrast, the probabilities are usually unknown and the outcomes of a choice depend on a person's ability or knowledge. Three different theoretical accounts were used to predict knowledge-based choices: prospect theory, the competence hypothesis, and probability-focused reasoning. Students (64 women, 93 men, M = 22.4 yr.) chose between a knowledge bet and a sure gain of equal expected valu

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Thummes, Kerstin, and Jens Seiffert-Brockmann. "Smart, friendly, biased liars? Exploring motivated reasoning and ethical decision-making in public relations." Journal of Communication Management 23, no. 4 (2019): 412–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcom-01-2019-0010.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present research on motivated bias and self-deception in ethical decision-making in public relations. Self-deception might explain how professionals evade mental stress in conflicting situations and manage to be persuasive even when they have to act contrary to their own morals or to public interests. Since self-deception impedes moral reasoning, the research purpose is to gain insights on its origins so that effective counter-measures can be developed. Design/methodology/approach First, the state of research on moral dilemmas in public relations and on

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Beauchamp, M. H., E. Vera-Estay, F. Morasse, V. Anderson, and J. Dooley. "Moral reasoning and decision-making in adolescents who sustain traumatic brain injury." Brain Injury 33, no. 1 (2018): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699052.2018.1531307.

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Zhang, Dalun, Jessica M. Walker, Dianey R. Leal, Leena Jo Landmark, and Antonis Katsiyannis. "A Call to Society for Supported Decision-Making: Theoretical and Legal Reasoning." Journal of Child and Family Studies 28, no. 7 (2019): 1803–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10826-019-01381-0.

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Piantadosi, Steven T., and Jessica F. Cantlon. "True Numerical Cognition in the Wild." Psychological Science 28, no. 4 (2017): 462–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797616686862.

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Cognitive and neural research over the past few decades has produced sophisticated models of the representations and algorithms underlying numerical reasoning in humans and other animals. These models make precise predictions for how humans and other animals should behave when faced with quantitative decisions, yet primarily have been tested only in laboratory tasks. We used data from wild baboons’ troop movements recently reported by Strandburg-Peshkin, Farine, Couzin, and Crofoot (2015) to compare a variety of models of quantitative decision making. We found that the decisions made by these

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Smith, Michelle, Hayley E. McEwan, David Tod, and Amanda Martindale. "UK Trainee Sport and Exercise Psychologists’ Perspectives on Developing Professional Judgment and Decision-Making Expertise During Training." Sport Psychologist 33, no. 4 (2019): 334–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.2018-0112.

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The research team explored UK trainee sport and exercise psychologists’ perspectives on developing professional-judgment and decision-making (PJDM) expertise during their British Psychological Society Qualification in Sport and Exercise Psychology (Stage 2). An assorted analysis approach was adopted to combine an existing longitudinal qualitative data set with the collection and analysis of a new qualitative data set. Participants (1 female, 6 male) were interviewed 4 times over a 3-yr training period, at minimum yearly intervals. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and reflexive thematic ana

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Catchpole, Ken, and Myrtede Alfred. "Industrial Conceptualization of Health Care Versus the Naturalistic Decision-Making Paradigm: Work as Imagined Versus Work as Done." Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making 12, no. 3 (2018): 222–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1555343418774661.

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Quality and safety concerns in health care over the past 20 years precipitated the need to move beyond the traditional view of health care as an artisanal process toward a sociotechnical systems view of performance. The adoption of industrial approaches placed a greater emphasis on standardization of processes and outcomes, often treating humans as the “weak” part of the system rather than valuing their role in holding together complex, opaque, and unpredictable clinical systems. Although some health care tasks can be modeled linearly, others are much more complex. Efforts to reduce variation

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Ward, Tony. "Method, Judgement, and Clinical Reasoning." Behaviour Change 16, no. 1 (1999): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/bech.16.1.4.

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AbstractResearchers have tended to take one of two mutually exclusive positions concerning the nature and status of clinical decision-making. On the one hand, clinicians are urged to be more rigorous and analytical when assessing a client, to disregard their intuitions and instead utilise explicit rules and algorithms. On the other hand, they are counselled to regard their “gut feelings” as valuable sources of knowledge about clients. As a way of reconciling these two perspectives, it is important to acknowledge that clinical psychologists are confronted with a wide range of assessment and cli

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Jarrar, Ayman. "The association between cognitive biases and the quality of strategic decision making: Evidence from Jordanian banks." Banks and Bank Systems 16, no. 2 (2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.16(2).2021.01.

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Excellence in strategic decision making is the driving force behind successful strategy adoption and implementation. However, it is becoming more and more complex as businesses emerge in unpredictable environments and conditions. The main objective of this study is to investigate the impact of cognitive bias and its dimensions (the illusion of control, prior hypothesis bias, escalating commitment bias and representativeness, and availability bias) on strategic decision making. In terms of methodology, the study used a random sampling technique. The study applied a survey as a research tool dis

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Mata, André. "An easy fix for reasoning errors: Attention capturers improve reasoning performance." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 73, no. 10 (2020): 1695–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021820931499.

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Research on problem-solving, judgement, and decision making documents systematic reasoning errors. Such errors are often attributed to reasoning shortcomings, an inability to think properly. However, recent research suggests another cause for those errors: insufficient attention to the critical premises in a problem, resulting in miscomprehension, such that, even if a person is capable of reasoning properly, she will fail to solve the problem correctly if she is operating on wrong premises. The first study in this article provided further evidence for this comprehension account of reasoning er

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Whitney, Paul, John M. Hinson, and Allison L. Matthews. "Base-rate respect meets affect neglect." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 30, no. 3 (2007): 285–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x0700194x.

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AbstractWhile improving the theoretical account of base-rate neglect, Barbey & Sloman's (B&S's) target article suffers from affect neglect by failing to consider the fundamental role of emotional processes in “real world” decisions. We illustrate how affective influences are fundamental to decision making, and discuss how the dual process model can be a useful framework for understanding hot and cold cognition in reasoning.

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Ginzburg, Lev R., Charles Janson, and Scott Ferson. "Judgment under uncertainty: Evolution may not favor a probabilistic calculus." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19, no. 1 (1996): 24–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x0004125x.

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AbstractThe environment in which humans evolved is strongly and positively autocorrelated in space and time. Probabilistic judgments based on the assumption of independence may not yield evolutionarily adaptive behavior. A number of “faults” of human reasoning are not faulty under fuzzy arithmetic, a nonprobabilistic calculus of reasoning under uncertainty that may be closer to that underlying human decision making.

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Wu, Kevin Chien-Chang. "Deliberative democracy and epistemic humility." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 34, no. 2 (2011): 93–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x10002888.

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AbstractDeliberative democracy is one of the best designs that could facilitate good public policy decision making and bring about epistemic good based on Mercier and Sperber's (M&S's) theory of reasoning. However, three conditions are necessary: (1) an ethic of individual epistemic humility, (2) a pragmatic deflationist definition of truth, and (3) a microscopic framing power analysis during group reasoning.

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Leshowitz, Barry, and Morris Okun. "Effects of an evidence‐based text on scepticism, methodological reasoning, values and juror decision‐making." Educational Psychology 31, no. 3 (2011): 319–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2011.557043.

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Evans, Jonathan St B. T. "Reasoning is for thinking, not just for arguing." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 34, no. 2 (2011): 77–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x10002773.

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AbstractThere is indeed extensive evidence that people perform fairly poorly in reasoning tasks and that they often construct arguments for intuitively cued responses. Mercier & Sperber (M&S) may also be right to claim that reasoning evolved primarily as argumentation. However, if it did, the facility became exapted to the function of supporting uniquely human abilities for reflective thinking and consequential decision making.

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Patel, V. L., L. A. Gutnik, N. A. Yoskowitz, L. F. O'Sullivan, and D. R. Kaufman. "Patterns of reasoning and decision making about condom use by urban college students." AIDS Care 18, no. 8 (2006): 918–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540120500333509.

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Ferrigno, Stephen, Yiyun Huang, and Jessica F. Cantlon. "Reasoning Through the Disjunctive Syllogism in Monkeys." Psychological Science 32, no. 2 (2021): 292–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797620971653.

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The capacity for logical inference is a critical aspect of human learning, reasoning, and decision-making. One important logical inference is the disjunctive syllogism: given A or B, if not A, then B. Although the explicit formation of this logic requires symbolic thought, previous work has shown that nonhuman animals are capable of reasoning by exclusion, one aspect of the disjunctive syllogism (e.g., not A = avoid empty). However, it is unknown whether nonhuman animals are capable of the deductive aspects of a disjunctive syllogism (the dependent relation between A and B and the inference th

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Nadav-Greenberg, Limor, Susan L. Joslyn, and Meng U. Taing. "The Effect of Uncertainty Visualizations on Decision Making in Weather Forecasting." Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making 2, no. 1 (2008): 24–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1518/155534308x284354.

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People's reasoning with uncertainty information is often flawed. Visual representations can help, but little is known about what is the best way to present such information. Two studies investigated the effect of visualizations on the understanding and use of wind speed forecast uncertainty. Participants varied in expertise from novices in weather forecasting (Experiment 1) to professional forecasters (Experiment 2). The authors investigated three visualizations: (a) a chart showing the amount of uncertainty, (b) a chart showing the worst-case scenario, and (c) a box plot of likely wind speeds

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Strough, JoNell, Wändi Bruine de Bruin, and Andrew M. Parker. "Taking the Biggest First: Age Differences in Preferences for Monetary and Hedonic Sequences." Journals of Gerontology: Series B 74, no. 6 (2018): 964–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbx160.

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Abstract Objectives People face decisions about how to sequence payments and events, including when to schedule bigger events relative to smaller ones. We examine age differences in these sequence preferences. Methods We gave a national adult life-span sample (n = 1,296, mean = 53.06 years, standard deviation = 16.33) four scenarios describing a positive or negative hedonic (enjoyable weekends, painful dental procedures) or monetary (receiving versus paying money) event. We considered associations among age, sequence preferences, three self-reported decision-making processes—emphasizing experi

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