Journal articles: 'Rebaudiosid A'

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Lưu Thị, Huyền Trang, Thanh Hương Đoàn Thị, Trang Vũ Thị, Sơn Trần Cao, Ánh Hường Nguyễn Thị, and Minh Lợi Nguyễn Thị. "Nghiên cứu phương pháp xác định một số steviol glycosid trong cỏ ngọt bằng phương pháp sắc ký lỏng hiệu năng cao (HPLC)." Heavy metals and arsenic concentrations in water, agricultural soil, and rice in Ngan Son district, Bac Kan province, Vietnam 2, no. 4 (November 26, 2019): 2–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.47866/2615-9252/vjfc.734.

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Nghiên cứu này phát triển phương pháp xác định đồng thời một số steviol glycosid trong mẫu cỏ ngọt bằng HPLC. Các chất phân tích được chiết ra khỏi nền mẫu bằng methanol trong 60 phút và làm sạch qua cột HLB, tách bằng sắc ký lỏng sử dụng cột C18 (250 mm x 4,6 mm x 5 mm), định lượng bằng detector PDA. Thẩm định phương pháp cho kết quả đường chuẩn tuyến tính trong khoảng 1  100 µg/mL; RSD 1,39  2,85%; độ thu hồi 93  105% đạt yêu cầu của AOAC. Ứng dụng phương pháp phân tích 09 mẫu cỏ ngọt thu thập trên thị trường (bao gồm cỏ ngọt khô, nguyên liệu đường cỏ ngọt) cho thấy thành phần các steviol glycosid khác nhau trong các đối tượng mẫu khác nhau trong đó hàm lượng chiếm tỷ lệ lớn là steviosid và rebaudiosid A.

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Perera, Wilmer, Ion Ghiviriga, Douglas Rodenburg, Kamilla Alves, Frank Wiggers, Charles Hufford, Frank Fronczek, et al. "Tetra-glucopyranosyl Diterpene ent-Kaur-16-en-19-oic Acid and ent-13(S)-Hydroxyatisenoic Acid Derivatives from a Commercial Extract of Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Bertoni." Molecules 23, no. 12 (December 15, 2018): 3328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23123328.

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Stevia rebaudiana and its diterpene glycosides are one of the main focuses of food companies interested in developing novel zero calorie sugar substitutes since the recognition of steviol glycosides as Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) by the United States Food and Drug Administration. Rebaudioside A, one of the major steviol glycosides of the leaves is more than 200 times sweeter than sucrose. However, its lingering aftertaste makes it less attractive as a table-top sweetener, despite its human health benefits. Herein, we report the purification of two novel tetra-glucopyranosyl diterpene glycosides 1 and 3 (rebaudioside A isomers) from a commercial Stevia rebaudiana leaf extract compounds, their saponification products compounds 2 and 4, together with three known compounds isolated in gram quantities. Compound 1 was determined to be 13-[(2-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-6-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-β-d-glucopyranosyl) oxy]ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid-β-d-glucopyranosy ester (rebaudioside Z), whereas compound 3 was found to be 13-[(2-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-3-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-β-d-glucopyranosyl) oxy]ent-hydroxyatis-16-en-19-oic acid -β-d-glucopyranosy ester. Two new tetracyclic derivatives with no sugar at position C-19 were prepared from rebaudiosides 1 and 3 under mild alkaline hydrolysis to afford compounds 2 13-[(2-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-6-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-β-d-glucopyranosyl) oxy]ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid (rebaudioside Z1) and 4 13-[(2-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-3-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-β-d-glucopyranosyl) oxy]ent-hydroxyatis-16-en-19-oic acid. Three known compounds were purified in gram quantities and identified as rebaudiosides A (5), H (6) and J (7). Chemical structures were unambiguously elucidated using different approaches, namely HRESIMS, HRESI-MS/MS, and 1D-and 2D-NMR spectroscopic data. Additionally, a high-quality crystal of iso-stevioside was grown in methanol and its structure confirmed by X-ray diffraction.

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Gerami, Mahyar, Hosein Abbaspour, Vali Ollah Ghasemi Omran, and Hemat Ollah Pirdashti. "Effects of Ethyl Methane Sulfonate on Some Phytochemical Traits, Stevioside and Rebaudiosid a Contents of Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) Plants Regenerated from Calli." Journal of Crop Breeding 9, no. 23 (December 1, 2017): 177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.29252/jcb.9.23.177.

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González-Chavira, Mario Martín, Sofía Estefania-Ojeda, José Luis Pons-Hernández, Ramón Gerardo Guevara-González, and Salvador Horacio Guzmán Maldonado. "Cambios en el contenido de compuestos fenólicos, esteviosidos y nivel de metilación en Stevia rebaudiana elicitada." Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas 9, no. 7 (November 9, 2018): 1435–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.29312/remexca.v9i7.1314.

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La aplicación de elicitores induce una respuesta en el nivel de metabolitos secundarios y en la metilación del ADN de las plantas. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo aplicar dos elicitores a plantas de estevia y evaluar el contenido de varios compuestos fenólicos y glucosidos de esteviol; así como, el nivel de metilación en plantas elicitada y no elicitada. Los fenólicos y glucosidos fueron determinados por HPLC y espectrofotométria mientras que la metilación por 5-mC DNA ELISA. Como resultado de la elicitación, se observó un ligero incremento de los ácidos clorogénico y ferulico. Los fenoles totales se incrementaron a los siete días después de la aplicación de los elicitores, sin mostrar ningún incremento a los 15 y 21 días. Por el contrario, los flavonoides y los taninos aumentaron significativamente a los 7, 15 y 21 días de la aplicación. El contenido del esteviosido y los rebaudiosidos A y C aumentaron 9.5, 5.3 y 3.3 veces más que el grupo control. A lo largo del experimento, el rebaudiosido C fue mayor en su concentración que la suma del esteviol y del rebaudiosido A. Se observó que las plantas elicitadas presentaron un nivel de metillación menor que las no elicitadas Por su alto contenido de rebaudiosido C, la estevia criollo, aquí utilizada, puede producir un edulcorante menos amargo que otros materiales. La elicitacion de estevia puede ser una estrategia para incrementar el rendimiento de edulcorantes.

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Yadav, Ashok Kumar, S. Singh, D. Dhyani, and P. S. Ahuja. "A review on the improvement of stevia [Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni)]." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 91, no. 1 (January 2011): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps10086.

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Yadav, A. K., Singh, S., Dhyani, D. and Ahuja, P. S. 2011. A review on the improvement of Stevia [Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni)]. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 1–27. Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) is a herbaceous perennial plant (2n=22) of genus Stevia Cav., which consists of approximately 230 species of herbaceous, shrub and sub-shrub plants. Leaves of stevia produce diterpene glycosides (stevioside and rebaudiosides), non-nutritive, non-toxic, high-potency sweeteners and may substitute sucrose as well as other synthetic sweetners, being 300 times sweeter than sucrose. In addition to its sweetening property, it has medicinal values and uses. Stevia is self-incompatible plant and the pollination behaviour is entomophilous. Rebaudioside-A is of particular interest among the glycosides produced in the leaves of stevia because of the most desirable flavour profile, while, stevioside is responsible for aftertaste bitterness. Development of new varieties of S. rebaudiana with a higher content of rebaudioside-A and a reduced content of stevioside is the primary aim of plant breeders concerned with the improvement and utilization of this source of natural sweeteners. The proportions of rebaudioside-A and -C are controlled by a single additive gene known to be co-segregating suggesting synthesis by the same enzyme. Stevioside and rebaudioside-A are negatively correlated, while rebaudioside-A and -C are positively correlated. Conventional plant breeding approaches such as selection and intercrossing among various desirable genotypes is the best method for improving quality traits in a highly cross-pollinated crop like stevia. Various plant types with larger amounts of specific glycoside have already been patented, such as RSIT 94-1306, RSIT 94-75, RSIT 95-166-1 through selection and intercrossing. Composites and synthetics can be used to capture part of the available heterosis because of the high degree of natural out-crossing and the absence of an efficient system of pollination control. Synthetics and composites like “AC Black Bird” and “PTA-444” have already been developed. Polyploidy results in better adaptability of individuals and increased organ and cell sizes. Tetraploids have larger leaf size, thickness and have potential use in increasing biomass and yield in comparison with diploid strains. Characters of interest with low variability in the population may be improved through mutation breeding. Use of biotechnological approaches, such as tissue culture for the mass propagation of elite genotypes, anther culture for development of pure homozygous doubled haploid and molecular marker technology for identification of marker loci linked to rebaudioside-A trait, can create new opportunities for plant breeders. Understanding the mechanism and pathway of biosynthesis of steviol glycosides can help to improve the glycoside profile by up-regulation and down-regulation of genes.

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Prakash, Indra, Cynthia Bunders, Krishna P. Devkota, Romila D. Charan, Catherine Ramirez, Maunik Parikh, and Avetik Markosyan. "Isolation and Structure Elucidation of Rebaudioside D2 from Bioconversion Reaction of Rebaudioside A to Rebaudioside D." Natural Product Communications 9, no. 8 (August 2014): 1934578X1400900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1400900819.

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We report the isolation and complete structure of an isomer of rebaudioside D, known as rebaudioside D2. This novel steviol glycoside was isolated from a bioconversion reaction of rebaudioside A to rebaudioside D. Rebaudioside D2 possesses a relatively rare 1→6 sugar linkage, which was discovered by extensive analysis of NMR (1H, 13C, COSY, HSQC-DEPT, HMBC, 1D TOCSY and NOESY) and mass spectral data.

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Prakash, Indra, Cynthia Bunders, Krishna Devkota, Romila Charan, Catherine Ramirez, Tara Snyder, Christopher Priedemann, Avetik Markosyan, Cyrille Jarrin, and Robert Halle. "Bioconversion of Rebaudioside I from Rebaudioside A." Molecules 19, no. 11 (October 28, 2014): 17345–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules191117345.

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Aranda-González, Irma, David Betancur-Ancona, Luis Chel-Guerrero, and Yolanda Moguel-Ordóñez. "Effect of different drying methods on the composition of steviol glycosides in Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni leaves." International Agrophysics 31, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/intag-2016-0036.

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Abstract Drying techniques can modify the composition of certain plant compounds. Therefore, the aim of the study was to assess the effect of different drying methods on steviol glycosides in Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni leaves. Four different drying methods were applied to Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni leaves, which were then subjected to aqueous extraction. Radiation or convection drying was performed in stoves at 60°C, whereas shade or sun drying methods were applied at 29.7°C and 70% of relative humidity. Stevioside, rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside C, rebaudioside D, dulcoside A, and steviolbioside were quantified by a validated HPLC method. Among steviol glycosides, the content (g 100 g−1 dry basis) of stevioside, rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, and rebaudioside C varied according to the drying method. The total glycoside content was higher in sun-dried samples, with no significant differences compared to shade or convection drying, whereas radiation drying adversely affected the content of rebaudioside A and rebaudioside C (p <0.01) and was therefore a method lowering total glycoside content. The effect of the different drying methods was also reflected in the proportion of the sweetener profile. Convection drying could be suitable for modern food processing industries while shadow or sun drying may be a low-cost alternative for farmers.

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Liu, Jing Bin, An Jun Liu, Lin Jie Zhang, Yong Liang Zhao, and Yin Zhi Xie. "Preparation and Detection of the Resolution and Number of Theoretical Plates for High Purity Steviosides." Applied Mechanics and Materials 733 (February 2015): 270–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.733.270.

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Macroporous resin was the most common method for the separation and purification of steviosides. But the purity was only 90% influenced by less selectivity of the resin. And Rebaudioside A could not be separated from other steviosides at the same time. Purity of total glycosides could be up to 99% and Rebaudioside A could be enriched efficiently by section desorption after one-dimensional chromatography of macroprous resins. The content of Rebaudioside A increased from 39.46% to 63.70% gradually in each desorption solution of the 4 resin columns. Moreover, the resolution between Rebaudioside A, Rebaudioside C and stevioside, and the number of theoretical plates for them were detected meanwhile. These results could provide theoretical foundation for the separation of high purity steviosides and enrichment of Rebaudioside A.

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Jung, Jinsil, SooHyun Kim, Sunghee Park, and Jae-Hee Hong. "Sweetness profiles of glycosylated rebaudioside A and its binary mixtures with allulose and maltitol." Food Science and Biotechnology 30, no. 3 (February 16, 2021): 423–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10068-020-00873-w.

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AbstractRebaudioside A is a promising natural alternative sweetener but they produce increased bitterness, astringency, and unpleasant aftertastes. Glycosylation and blending with different sweeteners are known to improve the sensory characteristics of rebaudioside A. The present study was conducted to identify the relative sweetness and sensory profile of glycosyl rebaudioside A (g-reb A). The relative sweetness of g-reb A compared to 5% sucrose was determined using the two-alternative forced choice method. The sensory profiles of g-reb A and its mixtures with allulose and maltitol (1:1 ratio) were compared to those of rebaudioside A, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside M, sucralose, allulose, maltitol, and sucrose using descriptive analysis conducted by eight trained panelists. The relative sweetness of g-reb A was 155, which was lower than that of rebaudioside A. In addition, the bitter taste and aftertaste, astringency, and sweet onset of g-reb A were decreased compared to those of rebaudioside A.

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Brandle, Jim. "Genetic control of rebaudioside A and C concentration in leaves of the sweet herb, Stevia rebaudiana." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 79, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p98-048.

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Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni produces steviol glycoside sweeteners in its leaves that are up to 240 times sweeter than sugar. Understanding the genetic basis of glycoside proportions will aid in their manipulation through plant breeding. The experiments conducted in this study were focused on the genetic control of the proportions of two of those glycosides, rebaudioside A and rebaudioside C. The study was conducted using F2 population from crosses between two sets of parents with divergent glycoside profiles. Segregation in the first set of F2s showed that the presence/absence of rebaudioside A is controlled by a single dominant gene, but that the actual proportions of rebaudioside A may be controlled by multiple loci or alleles. In a second cross, proportions of rebaudioside A and rebaudioside C were found to co-segregate and were shown to be controlled by a single additive gene. This result suggests that both rebaudioside A and C are synthesized by the same enzyme. The results were used to propose a model for glycosylation of steviol glycosides. Key words: Diterpene glycoside, genetic analysis, glycosylation, biosynthetic model

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., Supriyadi, Siswandono ., and Mochammad Yuwono. "METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF STEVIOSIDE, REBAUDIOSIDE-A, REBAUDIOSIDE C AND DULCOSIDE A CONTAINED IN STEVIA REBAUDIANA BERTONI USING HPLC-ELSD." International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 8, no. 9 (September 1, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159//ijpps.2016.v8i9.11404.

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Objective: To develop and validate a selective HPLC-ELSD method for determination of steviol glycosides contained in Stevia rebaudiana, mainly stevioside, rebauside A, rebaudioside C, and dulcoside A. Methods: The chromatographic separation of stevioside, rebaudioside A, rebaudioside C, and dulcoside A was achieved using Phenomenex Luna column 250 mm x 4.6 mm i.d. in isocratic system mode with a mobile phase of acetonitrile-water (35: 65). The temperature of nebulization and evaporization of the ELS detector was set at 50 oC and 70 oC, respectively.Results: The good separation of stevioside, rebaudioside A, rebaudioside C, and dulcoside A was obtained, yielding the resolution of all the analytes more than 1.5. All the validation parameters like specificity, linearity, range, accuracy and precision met the acceptance criteria according to ICH guidelines.Conclusion: The proposed HPLC-ELSD method is simple and sensitive for the simultaneously detection and determination of stevioside, rebaudioside A, rebaudioside C and dulcoside A contained in Stevia rebaudiana. The method was successfully applied for the determination of the samples product of Stevia rebaudiana.Keywords: Stevioside, Rebaudioside A, Rebaudioside C, Dulcoside A, HPLC-ELSD

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Meneni, Srinivasarao, and Venkata Sai Prakash Chaturvedula. "Continuation of Reversed-Phase HPLC Analysis Studies of Steviol Glycosides Isolated From Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni." Journal of Food Research 4, no. 2 (January 12, 2015): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v4n2p87.

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Additional High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) studies were performed on the nine sweet steviol glycosides reported in Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) namely rebaudioside A, steviolbioside, stevioside, rubusoside, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside C, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside F, and dulcoside A isolated from the leaves of Stevia rebaudiana. Using Reversed-Phase (RP) HPLC method, individual retention times and area for nine naturally occurring ent-kaurane diterpene glycosides of S. rebaudiana have been determined at five different temperatures: 40, 45, 50, 55, and 60 ºC at three different pH 2.4, 2.6, and 2.8. HPLC results suggested that temperatures 50 and 55 ºC at pH 2.4 would be ideal condition for better separation of steviol glycosides.

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Nettleton, Jodi E., Teja Klancic, Alana Schick, Ashley C. Choo, Jane Shearer, Stephanie L. Borgland, Faye Chleilat, Shyamchand Mayengbam, and Raylene A. Reimer. "Low-Dose Stevia (Rebaudioside A) Consumption Perturbs Gut Microbiota and the Mesolimbic Dopamine Reward System." Nutrients 11, no. 6 (May 31, 2019): 1248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11061248.

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Stevia is a natural low-calorie sweetener that is growing in popularity in food and beverage products. Despite its widespread use, little is understood of its impact on the gut microbiota, an important environmental factor that can mediate metabolism and subsequent obesity and disease risk. Furthermore, given previous reports of dysbiosis with some artificial low-calorie sweeteners, we wanted to understand whether prebiotic consumption could rescue potential stevia-mediated changes in gut microbiota. Three-week old male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomized to consume: (1) Water (CTR); (2) Rebaudioside A (STV); (3) prebiotic (PRE); (4) Rebaudioside A + prebiotic (SP) (n = 8/group) for 9 weeks. Rebaudioside was added to drinking water and prebiotic oligofructose-enriched inulin added to control diet (10%). Body weight and feces were collected weekly and food and fluid intake biweekly. Oral glucose and insulin tolerance tests, gut permeability tests, dual X-ray absorptiometry, and tissue harvest were performed at age 12 weeks. Rebaudioside A consumption alone did not alter weight gain or glucose tolerance compared to CTR. Rebaudioside A did, however, alter gut microbiota composition and reduce nucleus accumbens tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine transporter mRNA levels compared to CTR. Prebiotic animals, alone or with Rebaudioside A, had reduced fat mass, food intake, and gut permeability and cecal SCFA concentration. Adding Rebaudioside A did not interfere with the benefits of the prebiotic except for a significant reduction in cecal weight. Long-term low-dose Rebaudioside A consumption had little effect on glucose metabolism and weight gain; however, its impact on gut microbial taxa should be further examined in populations exhibiting dysbiosis such as obesity.

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Kumari, Neena, R. C. Rana, Y. P. Sharma, and Suresh Kumar. "Dynamics of steviol glycosides (stevioside and rebaudioside-A) with growth and development of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 8, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 1953–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v8i4.1069.

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In the present investigation, the dynamics of steviol glycosides (stevioside and rebaudioside-A) of Stevia rebaudiana with their growth stages were studied. The study aimed to examine the best stage of harvesting (month of the year) the crop with respect to maximum accumulation of stevioside and rebaudioside-A content in different plant parts (leaves, green stem and woody stem). The results showed that the maximum stevioside content in leaves (8.55%) was found in June month (vegetative stage). Rebaudioside-A content in leaves (7.00%) was at its peak in August (vegetative stage). Whereas, higher stevioside and rebaudioside-A content was found for green stem (0.93%) and woody stem (0.18%) during September month (flowering stage). Leaves showed maximum yields of stevioside (17.60g) and rebaudioside-A (13.75g) per plant in July month. The study indicated that it is economical to harvest the leaves of S. rebaudiana rather than harvesting whole aerial biomass in vegetative phase (July month).

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Fujinuma, Kenji, Kazuo Saito, Mitsuo Nakazato, Yoko Kikuchi, Akihiro Ibe, and Taichiro Nishima. "Thin Layer Chromatographic Detection and Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Stevioside and Rebaudioside A in Beverages and Foods Following Reverse Phase Column Chromatography." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 69, no. 5 (September 1, 1986): 799–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/69.5.799.

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Abstract A method for the detection and determination of stevioside and rebaudioside A in beverages and foods by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and liquid chromatography (LC) is presented. Stevioside and rebaudioside A are extracted with water from a sample and purified by a reverse phase column chromatographic procedure using a silica gel 60 silanized column. The eluate from the column is concentrated to dryness, and the resulting residue is dissolved in 80% ethanol. For the detection, TLC is used, and spots of stevioside and rebaudioside A are visualized with anisaldehyde sulfuric acid reagent. Stevioside and rebaudioside A detected in samples are determined by LC with a Finepak SIL NH2 column and a mobile phase of acetonitrile-water (200 + 45) containing tetrabutylammonium phosphate, which is added to achieve the separation from some interfering compounds. Recoveries from samples spiked at 10 and 100 ppm ranged from 97.8 to 100.3% (stevioside) and 96.3 to 99.7% (rebaudioside A).

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Martono, Yohanes, Suryasatriya Trihandaru, and Ferdy Semuel Rondonuwu. "Determination of Stevioside and Rebaudioside A in Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni Leaves Using near Infrared Spectroscopy and Multivariate Data Analysis." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 18, no. 4 (November 12, 2018): 664. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.25580.

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Rebaudioside A and stevioside are abundant steviol glycoside contained in Stevia rebaudiana leaves. These components are widely used as a natural sweetener. The objective of this study was to develop rapid determination method of stevioside, and rebaudioside A in S. rebaudiana leaves using near infrared trans-reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) combined with multivariate analysis. The reference method used was HPLC. A prediction model was developed using partial least square (PLS) regression. Calibration parameters were calculated based on a calibration set of various stevioside, rebaudioside A from 23 samples. Performance of PLS model was assessed in term of optimum determination coefficient (R2), and minimum root mean square error of cross-validation (RMSEV). Validation of PLS model was performed using cross-validation and leave one out calibration of PLS component. Rebaudioside A has well PLS model in wavenumber region of 4100–5100 cm-1, and stevioside determination using difference wavenumber region of 4760-5016 cm-1. PLS model for total (sum of stevioside and rebaudioside A content) was exploited in wavenumber region of 4568-4928 cm-1. NIRS in combination with multivariate data analysis of PLSR can be applied as a rapid method for determining rebaudioside A and the total amount of steviol glycosides in S. rebaudiana leaves.

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Parris, Cheryl A., Clinton C. Shock, and Michael Qian. "Soil Water Tension Irrigation Criteria Affects Stevia rebaudiana Leaf Yield and Leaf Steviol Glycoside Composition." HortScience 52, no. 1 (January 2017): 154–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci11352-16.

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Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) is of interest for the production of steviol glycosides due to their noncaloric sweetening properties. Commercial stevia leaf production to date has focused on rebaudioside A and stevioside. Relatively little is known about the cultural practices necessary for the efficient production of stevia leaf and steviol glycosides. Irrigation management is an important agronomic technique that growers can use to obtain high yield while also pursuing water use efficiency (WUE). This trial investigated the effect that irrigation onset criteria measured as soil water tension (SWT) had on dry stevia leaf yields, steviol glycoside content and yield, and steviol glycoside ratios. Two stevia cultivars, SW 107 and SW 129 (S&W Seed Company Inc., Fresno, CA), were subjected to SWT irrigation criteria of 10, 20, 40, 60, and 80 kPa over a 57-day trial period at the Oregon State University (OSU) Malheur Experiment Station, Ontario, OR. Harvested plant material was evaluated for dry leaf yield and content of several steviol glycosides. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed significant cultivar differences in leaf yield, leaf stevioside and rebaudioside A content and yield, and steviol glycoside ratios (P = 0.05). Examining the data by ANOVA, dry leaf yield, stevioside percent, rebaudioside C percent, total steviol glycoside (TSG) percent, rebaudioside C yield, and TSG yield were significantly greater among the wetter (closer to 10 kPa) compared with the drier (closer to 80 kPa) SWT criteria treatments, yet a preferred treatment regime was not clearly evident. When comparing cultivars by regression analysis, there was a highly significant decrease in the stevioside content, and an increase in the ratio of rebaudioside A to stevioside from wetter to drier irrigation onset criteria (due to lower stevioside), whereas the rebaudioside A content did not respond significantly to differing irrigation criteria. Increasing dry leaf productivity with wetter irrigation criteria (closer to 10 kPa), directly increased the total rebaudioside A yield also, which in turn could provide increased crop value to the grower. Irrigating near 10 kPa produced higher dry leaf yield and total rebaudioside A yield, than irrigating at drier criteria.

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Ma, Gil, Allison Bechman, Cynthia Bunders, Krishna P. Devkota, Romila D. Charan, Catherine Ramirez, Tara M. Snyder, Christopher Priedemann, and Indra Prakash. "New Diterpene Glycosides from Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni: Rebaudioside VIII and Rebaudioside IXd." Natural Product Communications 13, no. 10 (October 2018): 1934578X1801301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1801301003.

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With our interest of new diterpene glycosides with better taste profile than Rebaudioside M, we isolated and characterized two steviol glycosides with three additional glucose attached at the C-13 of Rebaudioside M or Rebaudioside D from an extract of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. Here we report the complete structure elucidations of diterpene glycosides on the basis of NMR experiments (1H, 13C, COSY, HSQC-DEPT, HMBC, 1D TOCSY, NOESY) and mass spectral data. Steviol glycosides that possess eight or nine glucose units are rarely reported in literature and could have an impact on the natural sweetener catalog.

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MILANI, Paula Gimenez, Antonio Sérgio DACOME, Cândyce Camile Fortuna NALESSO, Cássia Almeida FIORENTI, Cecília Edna Mareze da COSTA, and Silvio Claudio da COSTA. "Functional properties and sensory testing of whey protein concentrate sweetened with rebaudioside A." Revista de Nutrição 29, no. 1 (February 2016): 125–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-98652016000100012.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To develop a natural dietary product with functional benefits for diabetic patients. Whey protein concentrate was obtained through the separation membrane processes and sweetened with rebaudioside A. This product was submitted to sensory testing in humans and used to evaluate possible functional properties in male Wistar rats models with diabetesMellitus induced by streptozotocin. Methods: Two concentrates were produced. Only the second showed protein content of 74.3 and 17.3% of lactose was used as supplementation in induced diabetic rats. This concentrate was obtained from the concentration by reverse osmosis system (180 k Daltons), followed by nanofiltration in a 500 k Daltons membrane and spray drying at 5.0% solution of the first concentrate developed. The concentrate was sweetened with rebaudioside A (rebaudioside A 26 mg/100 g concentrate). All procedures were performed at the Center for Studies in Natural Products, at the Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Three experimental groups were established (n=6): two groups of diabetic animals, one control group and one supplemented group; and a control group of normal mice (non-diabetic). The supplemented group received concentrates sweetened with rebaudioside A in a dose of 100 mg/kg bw/day by an esophageal tube for 35 days. Fasting, the fed state and body weight were assessed weekly for all groups. At the end of the supplementation period, the following were analyzed: plasma parameters of glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides and fructosamine; the serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, water and food intake. Organs and tissues were removed and weighed to assess mass and anatomical changes. Results: The product presented 74% of proteins and 17% of lactose and showed satisfactory sensory testing by the addition of 26 mg of rebaudioside A/100 g concentrate. Supplementation of the product reduced hyperglycemia, plasma fructosamine levels, triglycerides and total cholesterol, and improved body weight gain of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Conclusion: Whey protein concentrate with substantial content of protein (above 70%) and low lactose was obtained through the membrane separation processes. The addition of rebaudioside A at the concentration of 26 mg/100 g rebaudioside A proved to be as sweet as sucralose with satisfactory sensory testing, which indicates that this is a non-caloric natural sweetener that can replace artificial sweeteners. The product (whey protein concentrate sweetened with rebaudioside A) presented important functional properties and reduced the metabolic disorders caused by the syndrome.

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Jaworska, Karolina, Alexander J. Krynitsky, and Jeanne I. Rader. "Simultaneous Analysis of Steviol and Steviol Glycosides by Liquid Chromatography with Ultraviolet Detection on a Mixed-Mode Column: Application to Stevia Plant Material and Stevia-Containing Dietary Supplements." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 95, no. 6 (November 1, 2012): 1588–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.11-435.

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Abstract Simultaneous separation of steviol and steviol glycosides is challenging because of differences in their polarity and chemical structure. In this study, simultaneous analysis of steviol and steviol glycosides was achieved by LC with UV detection using a mixed-mode RP weak anion exchange chromatography column. Steviol and seven steviol glycosides were analyzed on an Acclaim Mixed-Mode Wax-1 (Dionex) column with a linear gradient of deionized water adjusted to pH 3.00 with phosphoric acid and acetonitrile. The extraction was performed by sonicating dry plant material at 40°C in acetonitrile–water (30 + 70, v/v). LOQ values (mg/g dry weight of plant material) were rebaudioside B, 0.50; steviol, 0.70, dulcoside A, 1.0; steviolbioside, 1.2; stevioside and rebaudioside C, 2.0; rebaudioside D, 3.3; and rebaudioside A, 5.0. The method demonstrated suitable performance for all analytes tested with respect to accuracy (mean recoveries 95–99%), intraday and interday precision for retention times (0.070–0.28% and 0.33–1.0% RSD, respectively), and linearity. The method was used to authenticate steviol glycosides in several samples of Stevia plant material as well as to quantitate steviol glycosides in dietary supplements containing Stevia.

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Purkayastha, Sidd, Sachin Bhusari, George Pugh, Xiaowei Teng, David Kwok, and Stanley M. Tarka. "In vitro metabolism of rebaudioside E under anaerobic conditions: Comparison with rebaudioside A." Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 72, no. 3 (August 2015): 646–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2015.05.019.

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Martono, Yohannes, and Abdul Rohman. "QUANTITATIVE ANALYSISOF STEVIOSIDE AND REBAUDIOSIDE A IN STEVIAREBAUDIANA LEAVES USING INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY AND MULTIVARIATE CALIBRATION." International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics 11, no. 1 (January 9, 2019): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2019v11i1.28029.

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Objective: The objective of this research was to develop Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy in combination with multivariate analysis of partial least square (PLS) regression for quantitative analysis of stevioside and rebaudioside A in S. rebaudiana leaves extract.Methods: Stevia rebaudiana leaves with various ages were obtained from several high hills in Central Java, Indonesia. The extract samples were scanned using FTIR spectrophotometer in wavenumbers region of 4000–650 cm-1. PLS calibration model was established by plotting the actual value of stevioside and rebaudioside A as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and FTIR predicted value. The performance of PLS regression was evaluated using coefficient determination (R2), root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC), root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP).Results: PLS regression for stevioside determination was successfully established using the combined wavenumber region of 671–1450 and 3279-3301 cm-1. PLS regression revealed R2of 0.9952with RMSEC value of0.84%. Meanwhile, rebaudioside A was determined at wavenumber region of 921–1508 cm-1using normal spectra. PLS model revealed R2 and RMSEC of 0.9911 and 0.70%, respectively.Conclusion: FTIR spectroscopy in combination with multivariate analysis of PLS regression could be used as an alternative method for quantitative analysis ofstevioside and rebaudioside A in S. rebaudiana leaves.

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Anvari, Masoumeh, and Gholam Khayati. "Separation and purification of rebaudioside A from extract of Stevia Rebaudiana leaves by macroporous adsorption resins." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 18, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjct-2016-0019.

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Abstract The separation and purification of rebaudioside A from Stevia rebaudiana crude extracts (Steviosides) by macroporous resin were optimized by Taguchi orthogonal array (OA) experimental design methodology. This approach was applied to evaluate the influence of five factors (adsorption temperature, desorption time, elution solution ratio, adsorption volume and type of resin) on the rebaudioside A yield. The percentage contribution of each factor was also determined. The results showed that elution solution ratio and adsorption volume made the greatest (59.6%) and the lowest (1.3%) contribution, respectively. The results showed that the Taguchi method is able to model the purification of rebaudioside A process well (R2 > 0.998) and can therefore be applied in future studies conducted in various fields. Adsorption temperature 35°C, desorption time 60min, elution solution ratio 3, adsorption volume 200ml and HPD-400 as resin were the best conditions determined by the Taguchi method.

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Debarba, Rômulo João, Cícero Deschamps, Luiz Alberto Kanis, Diego Moterle, and Marcio Rampelotti. "Phenotypic performance of four stevia genotypes in the Alto Vale do Itajaí region, Brazil." Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas 13, no. 2 (May 1, 2019): 303–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17584/rcch.2019v13i2.10128.

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An evaluation of four stevia genotypes for biomass yield, stevioside and rebaudioside A content and yield under decreasing photoperiod conditions was carried out in the Alto Vale do Itajaí region, located in the State of Santa Catarina (SC), Brazil. This field experiment was conducted at Site São Miguel, a farm located in the city of Lontras (SC), Brazil, under conditions of decreasing photoperiods, with a variation of 13.72 h of light at experiment implantation to 12.57 h of light at the end of the evaluations. The treatments consisted of four genotypes (G4, G8, G9 and G12) provided by EMBRAPA-CENARGEN. A randomized complete block design with four treatments (stevia genotypes) and four replications was used. Each plot consisted of 21 plants, and the floor area had five plants. G12 had the highest leaf dry weight (LDW), total leaf area, leaf area index, leaf area ratio and specific leaf area of all the genotypes. G4 and G12 were equal for LDW and were higher than the other genotypes, with yields of 755.6 and 836.4 kg ha-1, respectively. The stevioside content was highest in G12 (200.07 mg g-1). G8 and G9 were similar for rebaudioside A content (64.77 and 49.05 mg g-1, respectively). The rebaudioside A: stevioside ratio was highest in G8 (0.44 g g-1). No genotype had a rebaudioside A: stevioside ratio suitable for industry requirements.

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Ribeiro, Maria Margarida, Tatiana Diamantino, Joana Domingues, Ílio Montanari, Marcos Nopper Alves, and José Carlos Gonçalves. "Stevia rebaudiana germplasm characterization using microsatellite markers and steviol glycosides quantification by HPLC." Molecular Biology Reports 48, no. 3 (March 2021): 2573–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11033-021-06308-x.

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AbstractStevia rebaudianaBertoni, Asteraceae, is an herbaceous perennial plant native to Paraguay. This species is considered since ancient times a medicinal plant with important bioactive compounds and pharmacologic and food properties, namely diterpenes glycosides. The high natural sweetener potential stevioside and rebaudioside A produced byS. rebaudianaplants are suitable sucrose substitutes, and their obtention is influenced by environmental, phytosociological, and genetic factors. The plants’ genetic profile and sweet potential depiction are needed for suitable plant selection for improvement and deployment. Thirty-oneS. rebaudianaaccessions grown in the same plot where leaves samples were collected in early 2019, were genotyped using six microsatellite markers, including two steviol glycosides biosynthesis functionally involved markers. Additionally, an aqueous extract of each sample was obtained in a water bath and purified by SPE for stevioside and rebaudioside A quantification by normal phase HPLC. Stevioside and rebaudioside A contents varied between 0.53–7.36% (w w−1) and 0.37–3.60% (w w−1), respectively. Two genotypes displayed interesting ratios of rebaudioside A/stevioside (number 3 and 33). The level of genetic similarity between genotypes was tested through a pairwise similarity coefficient, and two groups of individuals had the same fingerprinting. Strong relatedness was found within genotypes, possibly due to cloning, thus, influx of new germplasm ought to be made to prevent mating between relatives, and for further selection and genetic improvement.

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Manus, Jean-Marie. "Rebaudioside, édulcorant de nouvelle génération." Revue Francophone des Laboratoires 2010, no. 424 (July 2010): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1773-035x(10)70590-6.

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Curry, Leslie L., and Ashley Roberts. "Subchronic toxicity of rebaudioside A." Food and Chemical Toxicology 46, no. 7 (July 2008): S11—S20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2008.04.042.

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Wang, Yu, Xue Sun, Xiaochen Jia, Liping Zhu, and Heng Yin. "Comparative transcriptomic of Stevia rebaudiana provides insight into rebaudioside D and rebaudioside M biosynthesis." Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 167 (October 2021): 541–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.08.028.

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Muthusamy, Kalaiarasan, and Mimi Sakinah Abdul Munaim. "Determination of Factors Affecting Extraction of Rebaudioside A & Stevioside from Stevia Leaves." International Journal of Engineering Technology and Sciences 6, no. 1 (July 12, 2019): 120–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijets.v6i1.1938.

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Solid-liquid extraction is a recovery process in which the extracting solvent will recover certain components from a solid material. In this study, three extracting solvents were used which are absolute ethanol, acetone and distilled water. These solvents extracted two sweet components, Rebaudioside A and stevioside from Stevia rebaudiana. These two components can be converted into natural sweetener with zero calorie which does not affect blood glucose level. The objective of this study was to determine the optimum value of parameters to extract the highest amount of steviol glycosides. The extraction was done in 3 phases. First phase was to determine the best ratio between stevia and extracting solvent, second phase determined the best extracting time and third phase was to obtain the optimum temperature. From this study, ethanol proved to be the best extracting solvent. Ethanol extraction of Rebaudioside A and stevioside in the most suitable condition (ratio 1:25, 1 hour and 40℃) produced 12.48% of stevioside and 0.57% of Rebaudioside A.

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Prakash, Indra, Mary Campbell, and Venkata Chaturvedula. "Catalytic Hydrogenation of the Sweet Principles of Stevia rebaudiana, Rebaudioside B, Rebaudioside C, and Rebaudioside D and Sensory Evaluation of Their Reduced Derivatives." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 13, no. 12 (November 16, 2012): 15126–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms131115126.

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Prakash, Indra, Gil Ma, Cynthia Bunders, Krishna P. Devkota, Romila D. Charan, Catherine Ramirez, Tara M. Snyder, and Christopher Priedemann. "A New Diterpene Glycoside: 15α-Hydroxy-Rebaudioside M Isolated from Stevia rebaudiana." Natural Product Communications 10, no. 7 (July 2015): 1934578X1501000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1501000705.

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In a continued search for novel diterpenoid glycosides, we recently isolated and characterized a Rebaudioside M derivative with a hydroxyl group at position 15 in the central diterpene core from an extract of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. Here we report the complete structure elucidation of 15α-hydroxy-Rebaudioside M (2) on the basis of NMR (1H, 13C, COSY, HSQC-DEPT, HMBC, 1D TOCSY, NOESY) and mass spectral data. Steviol glycoside with a hydroxyl group at C-15 in the central diterpene core has not been previously reported.

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Evans, Jennifer M., Veronica A. Vallejo, Randolph M. Beaudry, and Ryan M. Warner. "Daily Light Integral Influences Steviol Glycoside Biosynthesis and Relative Abundance of Specific Glycosides in Stevia." HortScience 50, no. 10 (October 2015): 1479–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.50.10.1479.

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The biosynthesis of steviol glycosides is affected by both genetic and environmental factors. To evaluate the influence of total daily solar radiation or daily light integral (DLI) under long-day conditions on steviol glycoside concentration, we grew Stevia rebaudiana under ambient irradiance or varying levels of shading at different times of the year in both greenhouse and field environments, resulting in DLIs ranging from 3.55 to 20.31 mol·m−2·d−1 in the greenhouse and 10.32 to 39.7 mol·m−2·d−1 in the field. Total steviol glycoside concentration of selected leaves from greenhouse-grown plants increased as DLI increased up to ca. 10 mol·m−2·d−1, remaining constant with further increases in DLI, and was similar across the range of DLIs evaluated in the field. DLI influenced both the concentration and the relative proportions of specific steviol glycosides. Rebaudioside A concentration increased as DLI increased from 3.55 to 8.53 mol·m−2·d−1, remaining similar with further increases in DLI. Rebaudioside D and stevioside concentration of selected leaves from field-grown plants decreased by 22% and 13%, respectively, as DLI increased from 10.32 to 39.7 mol·m−2·d−1, while rebaudioside A and M concentrations remained similar across this DLI range. Collectively, these results indicate that the greatest influence of DLI on steviol glycoside concentration occurs under relatively low DLIs (<10 mol·m−2·d−1). However, higher DLIs can significantly affect the synthesis of minor glycosides of increasing commercial importance including rebaudioside D.

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Wen, Guo-En, Zhi Qiao, Hui Liu, Zhi-Yong Zeng, Yuan-Hong Tu, Jian-Hui Xia, Qing-Ju Zhang, and Jian-Song Sun. "The first total synthesis of rebaudioside R." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 18, no. 1 (2020): 108–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ob02422k.

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JURKOVÁ, Marie, and Jana OLŠOVSKÁ. "Determination of Rebaudioside A in Mixed beer, Beer-based Beverages and Lemonades." Kvasny Prumysl 61, no. 9 (September 1, 2015): 262–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.18832/kp2015025.

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Sarmiento-López, Luis G., Melina López-Meyer, Gabriela Sepúlveda-Jiménez, Luis Cárdenas, and Mario Rodríguez-Monroy. "Photosynthetic performance and stevioside concentration are improved by the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in Stevia rebaudiana under different phosphate concentrations." PeerJ 8 (October 19, 2020): e10173. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10173.

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In plants, phosphorus (P) uptake occurs via arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis and through plant roots. The phosphate concentration is known to affect colonization by AM fungi, and the effect depends on the plant species. Stevia rebaudiana plants are valuable sources of sweetener compounds called steviol glycosides (SGs), and the principal components of SGs are stevioside and rebaudioside A. However, a detailed analysis describing the effect of the phosphate concentration on the colonization of AM fungi in the roots and the relationship of these factors to the accumulation of SGs and photochemical performance has not been performed; such an analysis was the aim of this study. The results indicated that low phosphate concentrations (20 and 200 µM KH2PO4) induced a high percentage of colonization by Rhizophagus irregularis in the roots of S. rebaudiana, while high phosphate concentrations (500 and 1,000 µM KH2PO4) reduced colonization. The morphology of the colonization structure is a typical Arum-type mycorrhiza, and a mycorrhiza-specific phosphate transporter was identified. Colonization with low phosphate concentrations improved plant growth, chlorophyll and carotenoid concentration, and photochemical performance. The transcription of the genes that encode kaurene oxidase and glucosyltransferase (UGT74G1) was upregulated in colonized plants at 200 µM KH2PO4, which was consistent with the observed patterns of stevioside accumulation. In contrast, at 200 µM KH2PO4, the transcription of UGT76G1 and the accumulation of rebaudioside A were higher in noncolonized plants than in colonized plants. These results indicate that a low phosphate concentration improves mycorrhizal colonization and modulates the stevioside and rebaudioside A concentration by regulating the transcription of the genes that encode kaurene oxidase and glucosyltransferases, which are involved in stevioside and rebaudioside A synthesis in S. rebaudiana.

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Lee, Soon Goo, Eitan Salomon, Oliver Yu, and Joseph M. Jez. "Molecular basis for branched steviol glucoside biosynthesis." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 26 (June 10, 2019): 13131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1902104116.

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Steviol glucosides, such as stevioside and rebaudioside A, are natural products roughly 200-fold sweeter than sugar and are used as natural, noncaloric sweeteners. Biosynthesis of rebaudioside A, and other related stevia glucosides, involves formation of the steviol diterpenoid followed by a series of glycosylations catalyzed by uridine diphosphate (UDP)-dependent glucosyltransferases. UGT76G1 fromStevia rebaudianacatalyzes the formation of the branched-chain glucoside that defines the stevia molecule and is critical for its high-intensity sweetness. Here, we report the 3D structure of the UDP-glucosyltransferase UGT76G1, including a complex of the protein with UDP and rebaudioside A bound in the active site. The X-ray crystal structure and biochemical analysis of site-directed mutants identifies a catalytic histidine and how the acceptor site of UGT76G1 achieves regioselectivity for branched-glucoside synthesis. The active site accommodates a two-glucosyl side chain and provides a site for addition of a third sugar molecule to the C3′ position of the first C13 sugar group of stevioside. This structure provides insight on the glycosylation of other naturally occurring sweeteners, such as the mogrosides from monk fruit, and a possible template for engineering of steviol biosynthesis.

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Purkayastha, Sidd, George Pugh, Barry Lynch, Ashley Roberts, David Kwok, and Stanley M. Tarka. "In vitro metabolism of rebaudioside B, D, and M under anaerobic conditions: Comparison with rebaudioside A." Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 68, no. 2 (March 2014): 259–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2013.12.004.

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Wang, Wenzheng, Yajing Sun, Peng Peng, Guofeng Gu, Guoying Du, Li Xu, and Min Xiao. "Two-Step Enzymatic Conversion of Rebaudioside A into a Mono-α-1,4-Glucosylated Rebaudioside A Derivative." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 69, no. 8 (February 23, 2021): 2522–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07452.

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Yang, Zheng, Brandon Uhler, and Tristan Lipkie. "Microwave-Assisted Subcritical Water Extraction of Steviol Glycosides From Stevia rebaudiana Leaves." Natural Product Communications 14, no. 6 (June 2019): 1934578X1986000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x19860003.

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A rapid method that combines microwave heating and subcritical water extraction to extract steviol glycosides from Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) or stevia leaves was developed and compared to conventional thermal solvent extraction methods. Within only 1 minute after subcritical water condition at 140°C being reached, the yields of major steviol glycoside, rebaudioside A and stevioside, and less polar steviol glucoside, rebaudioside C, from stevia leaves were comparable to conventional extraction method that used 70% ethanol under sonication for 45 minutes. This new hybrid extraction technique may provide a cost-effective and green approach for commercial production of high-purity steviol glycoside sweeteners and their “organic” versions without the use of highly expensive “organic” ethanol.

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Lin, Min, Fei Wang, and Yushan Zhu. "Modeled structure-based computational redesign of a glycosyltransferase for the synthesis of rebaudioside D from rebaudioside A." Biochemical Engineering Journal 159 (July 2020): 107626. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bej.2020.107626.

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Urai, Soichiro, and Hiroshi Takiyama. "Investigation of improved rebaudioside D solubility and the characteristics of an erythritol/rebaudioside D/fructose ternary complex." Food Science and Technology Research 27, no. 2 (2021): 193–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3136/fstr.27.193.

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Chkhan, Kristina. "Transglycosylation of Rebaudioside А by β-fructofuranosidase." Health, Food & Biotechnology 1, no. 1 (March 31, 2019): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.36107/hfb.2019.i1.s82.

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Rebaudioside A (RebaA) was subjected to β-2.6 transglycosylation with β-fructofuranosidase from Arthrobacter sp. K-1 and sucrose as a source of fructose units. The yield of transglycosylation depends significantly on the concentration of the acceptor, the donor and the enzyme, as well as the reaction time. At the weight ratio of RebА to sucrose of 1: 1, the degree of transfructosylation in 24 hours was only 5.4%, while at a ratio of 1 : 5, it reaches to more than 23%. It was revealed that transfructosylation proceeds more efficiently in the concentrated solutions, the higher the total concentration of sucrose and RebaA, the greater the yield of fructosylated RebA. To determine the effect of рН on transfructosylation, β-fructofuranosidase was incubated with a solution of 1% RebА and 10% sucrose at 40°C for 15 hours at various pH values. It was also revealed that with an increase in the amount of the enzyme, the reaction accelerates. The most optimal were quantities of 50-100 units per 1 g of sucrose. The reaction of transfructosylation of stevioside is examined, and an organoleptic evaluation of fructosylated derivatives of fructosyl-RebА, fructosyl-stevioside and fructosyl-rubuzoside is also shown. Isolation and purification of fructosylated Reba was carried out by ethanol precipitation and purification on the columns filled with macroporous Diaion HP-20 resin. The resulting product is possessing improved sensory characteristics and can be used as low-calorie sweetener.

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GUPTA, E., S. PURWAR, S. SUNDARAM, P. TRIPATHI, and G. RAI. "Stevioside and Rebaudioside A – Predominant Ent-Kaurene Diterpene Glycosides of Therapeutic Potential: a Review." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 34, No. 4 (September 5, 2016): 281–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/335/2015-cjfs.

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Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) is a Paraguayan perennial herb of the family Asteraceae. The leaves contain a great amount of secondary metabolites with a wide range of important biological activities commonly known as steviol glycosides which differ in their molecular configuration, power of sweetness and their taste profile. Out of various steviol glycosides, the main compounds of interest are diterpenoid glycosides of ent-kaurene type extracted from the leaves of this plant as non-toxic, thermally stable, low-calorie natural sweeteners stevioside and rebaudioside A. These glycosides are a high-quality sugar substitute or dietary supplement with diverse applications in the medicinal world along with the food and beverage industry. This review article is aimed at the chemistry of stevioside and rebaudioside A, possible biosynthetic pathways, their metabolism and acceptable daily intake along with a broad spectrum of pharmacological and therapeutic applications.

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Prakash, Indra, Sangphyo Hong, Gil Ma, Cynthia Bunders, Krishna P. Devkota, Romila D. Charan, Catherine Ramirez, and Tara M. Snyder. "Complete Structure Elucidation of New Steviol Glycosides Possessing 9 Glucose Units Isolated from Stevia rebaudiana." Natural Product Communications 12, no. 10 (October 2017): 1934578X1701201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1701201008.

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In our continued effort to discover new diterpene glycoside sweeteners from Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni with a better taste profile than that of rebaudioside M, we have isolated three novel steviol glycosides with 9 glucose units, 3 at the C-13 site of the aglycone backbone and 6 at the C-19 site. Compounds 2-4 contain an additional tri-glucosyl unit attached to the C-19 glycoside region of rebaudioside M. For compounds 2 and 3 this unit is attached via the relatively rare 1→6 α-glycoside linkage. For compound 4 this additional unit is attached via the uncommon 1→3 α-glycoside linkage. In this paper, we describe the complete structure elucidation of novel diterpene glycosides with 9 sugar moieties by NMR (1H, 13C, COSY, HSQC-DEPT, HMBC, 1D TOCSY, NOESY) and mass spectral data.

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Freitas, Mírian Luisa Faria, Mariana Borges de Lima Dutra, and Helena Maria André Bolini. "Sensory profile and acceptability for pitanga (Eugenia uniflora L.) nectar with different sweeteners." Food Science and Technology International 22, no. 8 (July 9, 2016): 720–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1082013215607077.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the sensory properties and acceptability of pitanga nectar samples prepared with sucrose and different sweeteners (sucralose, aspartame, stevia with 40% rebaudioside A, stevia with 95% rebaudioside A, neotame, and a 2:1 cyclamate/saccharin blend). A total of 13 assessors participated in a quantitative descriptive analysis and evaluated the samples in relation to the descriptor terms. The acceptability test was carried out by 120 fruit juice consumers. The results of the quantitative descriptive analysis of pitanga nectar showed that samples prepared with sucralose, aspartame, and the 2:1 cyclamate/saccharin blend had sensory profiles similar to that of the sample prepared with sucrose. Consumers' most accepted samples were prepared with sucrose, sucralose, aspartame, and neotame. The sweeteners that have the greatest potential to replace sucrose in pitanga nectar are sucralose and aspartame.

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Nguyen, Thi Thanh Hanh, Shin-Hye Yu, Jiyoun Kim, Eunbae An, Kyeonghwan Hwang, Jun-Seong Park, and Doman Kim. "Enhancement of quercetin water solubility with steviol glucosides and the studies of biological properties." Functional Foods in Health and Disease 5, no. 12 (December 29, 2015): 437. http://dx.doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v5i12.221.

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Background: Quercetin, a flavonol contained in various vegetables and fruits, has various biological activities including anticancer, antiviral, anti-diabetic, and anti-oxidative. However, it has low oral bioavailability due to insolubility in water. Thus, the bioavailability of quercetin administered to human beings in a capsule form, was reported to be less than 1%, with only a small percentage of ingested quercetin getting absorbed in the blood. This leads to certain difficulties in creating highly effective medicinesMethods: Quercetin-rubusoside and quercetin-rebaudioside were prepared. The antioxidant activities of quercetin and Q-rubusoside were evaluated by DPPH radical scavenging method. Inhibition activities of quercetin and Quercetin-rubusoside were determined by measuring the remaining activity of 3CLpro with 200 μM inhibitor. The inhibition activity of quercetin, rubusoside and quercetin-rubusoside were determined by measuring the activity of human maltase which remains at 100 μM rubusoside or quercetin-rubusoside. The mushroom tyrosinase inhibition was assayed with the reaction mixture contained 3.3 mM L-DOPA in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 6.8), and 10 U mushroom tyrosinase/ml with or without quercetin or quercetin-rubusoside. Results: With 10% rubusoside treatment, quercetin showed solubility of 7.7 mg/ml in water, and its solubility increased as the concentration of rubusoside increased; the quercetin solubility in water increased to 0.83 mg/mlas rubusoside concentration increased to 1 mg/ml. Quercetin solubilized in rubusoside solution showed DPPH radical-scavenging activity and mushroom tyrosinase inhibition activity, similar to that of quercetin solubilized in dimethyl-sulfoxide. Quercetin-rubusoside also showed 1.2 and 1.9 folds higher inhibition activity against 3CLpro of SARS and human intestinal maltase, respectively, than those of quercetin in DMSO.Conclusions: Quercetin can be solubilized in water with rebaudioside or rubusoside treatment. As Ru concentration increases, the solubility of quercetin in water increases. The solubilization of quercetin in Ru solution did not reduce its biological functions such as the DPPH radical-scavenging and mushroom tyrosinase activity; also, quercetin-rubusoside increased the inhibition activity against the 3CLpro of SARS and human intestinal maltase, when compared with the activity of quercetin in DMSO. Thus, rubusoside and rebaudioside are promising compounds which enhance the solubility of poorly water soluble compounds.Keywords: rubusoside, rebaudioside, flavonol, quercetin, human maltase, 3CLpro

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Allen, Alissa L., John E. McGeary, and John E. Hayes. "Rebaudioside A and Rebaudioside D Bitterness do not Covary with Acesulfame-K Bitterness or Polymorphisms in TAS2R9 and TAS2R31." Chemosensory Perception 6, no. 3 (July 2, 2013): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12078-013-9149-9.

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Martono, Yohanes, Ferdy S. Rondonuwu, and Suryasatriya Trihandaru. "Classification of Stevia rebaudiana Using Near Infrared Spectroscopy and Multivariate Data Analysis." Materials Science Forum 901 (July 2017): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.901.103.

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Stevia rebaudiana leaf contains stevioside and rebaudioside A as main diterpene glycosides. These compounds are used as natural sweetener and potentially as drug candidate of diabetes type 2. Rapid and nondestructive method for S. rebaudiana leaves (n = 23) classification based on geographical area and main diterpene glycosides content was carried out using near infrared spectroscopy combined with multivariate data analysis. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was applied to discriminate S. rebaudiana leaves based on geographical area. Principal component analysis (PCA) was established to classify S. rebaudiana leaves based on main diterpene glycosides content. HPLC analysis was used as reference data to divide PCA result into groups. LDA model correctly classified 95% of the S. rebaudiana leaves based on geographical area. PCA model correctly classified 95% and 90% of S. rebaudiana leaves based on rebaudioside A and stevioside content, respectively. The classification method using near infrared spectroscopy combined with multivariate data analysis demonstrate potential use of the classification method established as quality control technique of S. rebaudiana leaves.

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Yang, Zheng, Brandon Uhler, Ted Zheng, and Kristie Adams. "Enzymatic Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel α-1→6-Glucosyl Rebaudioside C Derivative Sweetener." Biomolecules 9, no. 1 (January 14, 2019): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom9010027.

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Zero-calorie high-intensity sweeteners from natural sources perform very well in the market place. This has encouraged food scientists to continue the effort to search for novel natural ingredients to satisfy consumer demand. Rebaudioside C (reb C) is the third most prevalent steviol glycoside in the leaves of the Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni plant, but has limited applications in food and beverage products due to its low sweetness and high lingering bitterness compared to other major steviol glycosides, such as rebaudioside A (reb A). Here we present a new enzyme modification strategy to improve the taste profile of reb C by using Cargill’s propriety enzyme and sucrose as a glucose donor. A novel α-1→6-glucosyl reb C derivative was produced and its structure was elucidated by mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. Sensory analysis demonstrated that this new reb C derivative has improved sweetness, reduced bitterness, and enhanced solubility in water.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Rebaudiosid A'

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