Relevant bibliographies by topics / Rebound hammer

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Rebound hammer'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 7 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Rebound hammer"

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Borosnyói, Adorján. "NDT ASSESSMENT OF EXISTING CONCRETE STRUCTURES: SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF REBOUND HAMMER RESULTS RECORDED IN-SITU." Engineering Structures and Technologies 7, no. 1 (December 15, 2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/2029882x.2015.1085331.

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A comparative spatial analysis of surface hardness of structural concrete is introduced. Main objective of the paper is to make a repeatability comparison of three types of the still most popular non-destructive testing devices for concrete: L-type original Schmidt rebound hammer, N-type original Schmidt rebound hammer and N-type Silver Schmidt rebound hammer. Results indicate that the surface hardness measurement uncertainty is related to the weight of the hammer mass and is apparently not related to the impact energy of the rebound hammer devices. It is observed that the measure of surface hardness for the Silver Schmidt rebound hammer (Q-value) does not have positive correlation to the original rebound index (R). Results indicate the best performance of the N-type original Schmidt rebound hammer in terms of stability and normality of data. Geostatistical analysis of the measured data (in terms of empirical semivariograms) highlights different statistical behaviour for the mechanical recording rebound hammers and for the electro-optical recording rebound hammer.
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AKBAY, Deniz, and Gökhan EKİNCİOĞLU. "SUGGESTING CONVERSION FACTOR COEFFICIENTS for ESTIMATING DIFFERENT TYPES of SCHMIDT HAMMER REBOUND HARDNESS VALUES." Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi 11, no. 2 (June 28, 2023): 719–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21923/jesd.1177233.

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Mechanical properties of rocks such as uniaxial compressive strength, tensile strength, shear strength are the properties that determine their behavior under load. These properties of rocks are often determined by difficult, complex, time-consuming and expensive test methods. Therefore, instead of determining these properties directly, these properties can be estimated indirectly by using relatively inexpensive, fast and easily applicable methods. The surface hardness parameter of Schmidt hammer rebound hardness is fast, inexpensive, and easy to apply to determine the hardness of rocks and concrete. It is also used to indirectly determine the mechanical properties of rocks. It is seen that two different types of hammers (N-type and L-type) with different impact energies are commonly used in the literature. In this study the correlations between the surface hardness of different rocks obtained using N-type and L-type Schmidt hammers were analyzed. For this purpose, data were compiled from studies in the literature, which included both N-type and L-type Schmidt hammer rebound hardness of different rock types, and the collected data were analyzed statistically. Coefficients have been proposed for the conversion of N-type and L-type Schmidt hammer rebound hardness to each other.
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Wang, Yu Ren, Dai Lun Chiang, and Yi Jao Chen. "Adapting ANFIS to Improve Field Rebound Hammer Test for Concrete Compressive Strength Estimation." Materials Science Forum 975 (January 2020): 191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.975.191.

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Rebound hammer tests are one of the most popular non-destructive testing methods to examine the concrete compressive strength in the field. Rebound hammer tests are relatively easy to conduct and low cost. More importantly, it will not cause damage to the existing structure and can obtain the results in a short time. However, concrete compressive strength estimations provided by rebound hammer tests have an average of around 20% mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) when comparing to the results from destructive tests. This research proposes an alternative approach to estimate the concrete compressive strengths using the rebound hammer test data. The alternative approach is to adopt the Artificial Neural Fuzzy Inference Systems, ANFIS, to develop an AI-based prediction model for the rebound hammer tests. A total of 100 rebound hammer tests are conducted in a 24-story residential building. Core samples are carefully taken to obtain the actual compressive tests. The data collected are used to train and validate the ANFIS prediction model. The results show that the proposed ANFIS model has successfully reduced the MAPE to 10.01%.
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Chen, Jinming, Qiang Jin, Baoli Dong, and Cun Dong. "Research on the Rebound Hammer Testing of High-Strength Concrete’s Compressive Strength in the Xinjiang Region." Buildings 13, no. 12 (November 21, 2023): 2905. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13122905.

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Enhancing the assessment of compressive strength and the efficiency of rebound hammers in non-destructive testing for high-strength concrete is an urgent issue in construction engineering. This study involved C50 to C90 high-strength concrete specimens, utilizing rebound hammers with nominal energies of 4.5 J and 5.5 J, along with a compression machine. A regression analysis was performed on the compressive strength and rebound values, resulting in linear, polynomial, power, exponential, and logarithmic equations for two different types of rebound hammers. Additionally, the precision of rebound hammers with different nominal energies and the representativeness of various rebound representative values in the measurement area were investigated. The experimental results indicate that the precision of the regionally representative strength curve in Xinjiang meets national specifications. The 4.5 J nominal energy rebound hammer exhibited a higher testing accuracy. When reducing the high-strength concrete measurement area’s rebound representative values from 16 to 14, 12, and 10, the coefficients of variation for the different rebound representative values were mostly below 10%. Within high-strength concrete structures, the strength curve formula derived from rebound representative value 16 is equally applicable to 14, 12, and 10. In practical engineering applications, prioritizing 10 ensures testing accuracy while reducing on-site testing efforts. The outcomes of this experiment establish a foundation for the development and promotion of rebound method-testing technology for high-strength concrete in Xinjiang.
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Abbas, Naeem, Javed Akhter Qureshi, Zahid Mir, and Asghar Khan. "18 c Correlation of Schmidt Hammer Rebound Numbers with Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity and Slake Durability Index of Dolomitic Limestone of Khyber, North Pakistan." International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology 13, no. 1 (August 28, 2021): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.46660/ijeeg.v13i1.13.

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The ultrasonic pulse velocity and slake durability index are the indirect techniques used widely for rock strength determination. Various experimental studies like slake durability apparatus, ultrasonic pulse velocity and Schmidt hammer have been conducted on dolomitic limestone. The correlation of Schmidt hammer rebound number has been developed with these properties. The uniaxial compressive strength has been determined using the correlated rebound number. Statistical analyses were conducted and the most suitable models were recommended. The linear model was suited in correlation of Schmidt hammer and durability while exponential model appeared best fit with pulse velocity. Most of the tested samples show pulse velocity in the range of 1800-3800m/s. The mean value of pulse velocity was 2751 m/s while the rebound hammer value was 45. Using the correlations from literature the compressive strength calculated by rebound hammer and pulse velocity was 146MPa and 66MPa respectively.
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Hidayat, Irpan, Audry Farrel Shang Rahardhani, and Gabriellela Aprilyanthi Suhardjo. "Utilizing hammer tests and ultrasonic pulse velocity to ascertain the compressive strength of concrete." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1324, no. 1 (April 1, 2024): 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1324/1/012006.

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Abstract This study aimed to estimate the compressive strength of concrete in an existing building using non-destructive testing methods, specifically the hammer test and ultrasonic pulse velocity. The hammer test employed two types of tools, type N, which reads the rebound number (R), and another type that reads the rebound coefficient (Q) value. In the study, 40 column samples were tested, revealing concrete quality measurements of 30.5 MPa and 27.8 MPa obtained from hammer test type N and rebound coefficient (Q), respectively. Meanwhile, the ultrasonic pulse velocity reading was 3288 m/s. The data from the hammer test type N and rebound coefficient (Q) were correlated with the velocity of an ultrasonic pulse velocity, resulting in a linear regression formula of f’c = 0.0137x - 17.12 and f’c = 0.0099x - 2.1973, respectively. The coefficient of determination (R2) of hammer test type N and velocity of an ultrasonic pulse velocity was 0.64, while the coefficient of determination (R2) of hammer test Q value and velocity of an ultrasonic pulse velocity was 0.70. The research predicted that the model for determining the quality of concrete by correlating the hammer test Q value with the velocity of an ultrasonic pulse velocity was better than using hammer test type N.
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Jarushi, Fauzi, Paul J. Cosentino, and Edward H. Kalajian. "Prediction of High Pile Rebound with Fines Content and Uncorrected Blow Counts from Standard Penetration Test." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2363, no. 1 (January 2013): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2363-06.

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High-displacement piles have rebounded significantly while undergoing an extremely small permanent set per hammer blow in certain soils. This phenomenon, called high pile rebound (HPR), has occurred in many areas of North America. The Florida Department of Transportation identified HPR at six sites in Florida during the process of driving square, precast, prestressed concrete piles into saturated, fine silty-to-clayey sand and sandy-clay soils. Data on pile driving analyzer deflection versus time were used to develop strong correlations between fines content, uncorrected standard penetration test blow counts (NSPT), pile displacements, and rebound. The correlations developed in this study allow the geotechnical engineer to predict whether HPR will occur at a proposed site at which high-displacement piles are planned for driving by a single-acting diesel hammer. A design equation relating pile rebound to NSPT and fines content was developed. The correlations showed that permanent set and rebound were a direct function of NSPT and fines content of the soil at the pile tip. The design equation provides a methodology that allows prediction of HPR during the design phase.
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Deng, Peng, Yan Sun, Yan Liu, and Xiaoxiao Song. "Revised Rebound Hammer and Pull-Out Test Strength Curves for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (February 24, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8263745.

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Rebound hammer tests and postinstalled pull-out tests are commonly used for evaluating the compressive strength of ordinary concrete, and the strength of concrete is estimated by strength curves. However, using these strength curves to predict the compressive strength of carbon fiber-reinforced concrete (CFRC), polypropylene fiber-reinforced concrete (PFRC), and carbon-polypropylene hybrid fiber-reinforced concrete (HFRC) may lead to considerable uncertainties. Therefore, this study revises the strength curves derived from rebound hammer tests and postinstalled pull-out tests for ordinary concrete. 480 specimens of fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC) of six strength grades are examined. Standard cube compressive strength tests are used as a reference, and the results of various regression models are compared. The linear model is determined as the most accurate model for postinstalled pull-out tests, whereas the power model is the most accurate for rebound hammer tests. The proposed strength curves have important applications for FRC engineering of the postinstalled pull-out tests and rebound hammer tests.
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Brožovský, Jiří. "Influence of Moisture and Temperature of Calcium Silicate Bricks on Results of Measurements with Rebound Hammer." Advanced Materials Research 1000 (August 2014): 352–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1000.352.

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Testing with rebound hammers is influenced by various factors, like composition and components of tested material, treatment of tested surface, moisture content of tested material, temperature of material and environment. Influence of these factors on measurement results during testing concrete is described in technical literature and standards. Calcium silicate body can be characterized as non-cement based fine grained concrete, however, with considerably higher water absorbing capacity compared to standard concrete: ca 12-14% (fine aggregate bonded by hydration products of lime). To use rebound hammers for testing calcium silicate bricks, influence of selected factors on measurement results was tested. It was proved, that content of moisture and temperature of calcium silicate brick has influence on results of measurements with rebound hammer, and therefore it is necessary to take into account these influences.
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Fotev, Dimitar, and Roumyana Angelova. "Correlation relationships between mechanical parameters of Bulgarian crushed-rock aggregates utilized in railway construction." Geologica Balcanica 46, no. 2 (November 2017): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.52321/geolbalc.46.2.17.

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Crushed-rock aggregates from 11 railway ballast-producing quarries in Bulgaria have been investigated. The test materials consist of igneous and sedimentary rocks of different ages: basaltic andesite, trachyte, diabase, andesitic tuff, quartz-cemented sandstone, dolomite and five varieties of limestone. The standard laboratory tests (Los Angeles, micro-Deval and point load) and in-situ test (Schmidt hammer) were carried out for determination of the following mechanical properties of aggregates: resistance to fragmentation; wear resistance; strength; and rock hardness. Results show that Los Angeles coefficient (LA) values range from 11.9% to 28.4%. The micro-Deval coefficient (MDE) varies between 3.7% and 22.4%. The point load strength index (IS(50)) is between 4.0 MPa and 8.8 MPa. The Schmidt hammer rebound value (SHV) ranges from 34.4 to 60.2. The possibility of predicting the Los Angeles and micro-Deval coefficients from the Schmidt hammer rebound value and the point load strength index was studied. Regression analysis shows a strong correlation between Los Angeles coefficient and point load strength index (coefficient of determination R2=0.93), a good correlation between the Los Angeles coefficient and the Schmidt hammer rebound value (R2=0.62) and moderate correlation between the micro-Deval coefficient and the Schmidt hammer rebound value (R2=0.51).
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Rebound hammer"

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Chitti, Abhishek. "ASSESS MATERIAL PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE USING COMBINED NDT METHODS." OpenSIUC, 2019. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2490.

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The aim of this research is to assess the material properties of concrete like modulus of elasticity, compressive strength, and Poisson’s ratio using various nondestructive Testing (NDT) methods like Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) and Rebound Hammer (RH). Assessment of material properties of concrete is very important as they are used for structural design process. Various NDT methods are applied to ensure the quality of concrete specimens but they can also be used to find material properties. UPV is a NDT method which is used to test the internal condition of the concrete specimen. RH is a surface hardness testing method and can be used to test the homogeneity of the specimen. For this study, several batches of concrete samples with three different design strengths of 6000 psi, 8000 psi, and 12000 psi were casted. Modulus of elasticity and Poisson’s ratio were calculated from UPV P-wave and S-wave velocities. A Nomogram was developed by combining the longitudinal ultrasonic pulse velocities, rebound numbers, and compressive strengths measured from UPV, RH, and compressive strength tests respectively. This combined NDT correlation curve (Nomogram) can be used to estimate compressive strength of concrete if UPV and rebound values are known. The accuracy of these NDT methods were determined by comparing estimated strength to the actual strength. Furthermore, the effect of moisture content on UPV and rebound values was reviewed and also studied dynamic modulus of elasticity and its relation with static modulus of elasticity of the concrete was investigated for better understanding.
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Hedlund, Nadja. "Non-Destructive Testing Of Concrete Bridges." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Byggkonstruktion och brand, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-81923.

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Non-destructive testing is of great value in cases where a structure's future is investigated to find out what the best measure is. It is not always the best solution to demolish and build new. Many structures can be repaired and function several more years. In this thesis the main goal is to investigate some different non-destructive techniques and learn more about difficulties and strengths. The test subjects will be a cast T-beam in a laboratory environment as well as a case study of a railway bridge in Abisko.   The different testing equipment being used in this thesis is a covermeter, a rebound hammer and ultrasonic pulse velocity. For both the T-beam and the bridge the results are overall very good. The covermeter is proven to be both easy to use and very reliable and the ultrasonic pulse velocity was more to learn about and more difficult but is giving very good results as well.   Conclusions after the thesis project is that it requires a lot of experience of the user and time to make non-destructive testing useful and competitive in the society. Getting all the pieces together it is a powerful tool that hopefully is a sustainable asset in the future, regarding both economic and environmental issues.
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Uchytilová, Jitka. "Využití regresní analýzy a tvrdoměrných metod při vyhodnocování pevnosti betonu v tlaku v prefabrikovaných dílcích." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-433523.

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This thesis deals with the rebound hammer method as a tool for approximation of the time limit for handling the concrete. The theoretical part is focused on three fields of knowledge - rebound hammer test, production of precast concrete components and statistical data analysis. The following practical part deals with the design of two single-parameter linear functions for two types of rebound hammer testers - SilverSchmidt L and SchmidtOriginal N. Statistical data processing is completed by the analysis of influential points by using the Cook’s distance. The resulting statistical models are compared with commonly used relationships.
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Woods, Jennifer. "SPECIFICATION RECOMMENDATION FOR USE OF HIGH PERFORMANCE REPAIR MATERIAL." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1483707411173028.

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Susinskas, Larisa Diana. "Field Observation of Installation and Performance of Repair Materials." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1471613271.

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Kozáček, Vojtěch. "Experimentální stanovení závislosti parametrů NDT a pevnosti v tlaku betonu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-409957.

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The diploma thesis deals with non-destructive testing of concrete as well as with the relationship between determined parameters and the compressive strength of concrete. The thesis is mainly focused on the ultrasonic pulse velocity method and the rebound hammer test. The experimental part of the thesis describes non-destructive tests performed on concrete blocks. The compressive strength was tested on the drill cores taken from the concrete blocks. The aim of this thesis is to find regression models of the relationship between the compressive strength and non-destructive parameters, and the subsequent analysis of the results.
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Flórez, Gálvez Jorge Hernán. "Condicionantes geotécnicos e análise de quedas de blocos rochosos da rodovia RS471/BR153, Lote 2." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/60724.

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A RS471/BR153 é uma importante rodovia de integração, pois atravessa o estado do RS diagonalmente (Noroeste – Sudeste). O trecho estudado nesta dissertação localiza-se entre os municípios de Herveiras e Vera Cruz, coincidente com descida do planalto até a região central do estado. Durante o detalhamento do projeto e na construção da obra foram encontrados diversos problemas geotécnicos, os quais são sucintamente descritos. O texto apresenta as condicionantes geotécnicas de três subtrechos: (a) planalto, composto de rochas ácidas de origem vulcânica e grau de fraturamento muito alto; (b) descida da serra, composto pelos derrames da formação Serra Geral (brechas ácidas e basálticas e derrames basálticos) e (c) planície, com a presença de rochas sedimentares e materiais coluvionares. Além disto, há uma região especial onde o traçado atravessa uma sela topográfica coincidente com uma falha regional, com cortes de cerca de 60 m de altura através de rochas ácidas, básicas e brechas vulcânicas. A dissertação apresenta estudos dos processos de quedas de blocos rochosos que têm ocorrido nos cortes da rodovia. Foi utilizado um procedimento que correlaciona as leituras obtidas com o martelo Schmidt (Esclerômetro) e o coeficiente de restituição normal (RN) das rochas em diversos locais. Utilizando estes dados experimentais, foram executadas simulações de queda de blocos em quatro seções transversais bastante distintas com o uso do programa RocFall. Para cada seção foram simulados cinco cenários: (a) a existência de alargamentos para construção de áreas de retenção de blocos, (b) inexistência destas áreas, (c) a existência de preenchimento de uma ou várias banquetas existentes nos taludes de corte, e (d) o abatimento da seção com eliminação das banquetas. Foram também simulados quatro tipos de elementos de proteção: barreiras de baixa altura em concreto, camadas de areia fofa, barreiras metálicas flexíveis e proteção superficial dos taludes. A existência de áreas de retenção de blocos mostrou ser uma ótima medida, com frequências de invasão de pista geralmente abaixo de 1%, podendo chegar a 6,5% em condições de grande acúmulo de material. O melhor desempenho foi obtido pela instalação de camadas de areia fofa, obtendo-se todas as frequências abaixo de 2%. O uso de barreiras rígidas de 81 cm de altura teve um bom desempenho para taludes de baixa altura, chegando a detenções de até 25% dos blocos em trajetória de invasão. As barreiras flexíveis e proteções superficiais geraram resultados satisfatórios, mas que podem ser melhorados com outras modulações e dimensões.
The RS471/BR153 is an important road of integration, that cross RS state diagonally (northwest - southeast). The segment studied on this dissertation is located between the towns of Vera Cruz and Herveiras, coincident with the descent way from the plateau to the central state region. During the design and during the road construction several geotechnical problems were faced, which are briefly described. The text presents the geotechnical constraints of 3 segments: (a) plateau, composed of acid rocks of volcanic origin and very high degree of fracturing, (b) hills of the mountain, made up of volcanic rocks of Serra Geral formation (acid and basaltic breccias, basaltic flows) and (c) the plain, with the presence of sedimentary rocks and colluvial materials. There is also a special region where the road crosses a topographic saddle which it coincides with a regional fault, with cuts of about 60 m high through acid and basic rocks and volcanic breccia. The dissertation presents studies of rock falls that have occurred in the road cuts. A procedure that correlates the readings obtained with the Schmidt hammer (rebound hammer) and the normal coefficient of restitution (RN) of the rocks was carried out for measures taken at several locations. With these experimental data, simulations of falling boulders in four very different cross sections were done using the program RocFall. For each section five situations were simulated: (a) enlargements for the construction of rockfall catchment areas (b) the absence of these areas, (c) the existence of accumulation in the benchs of the cuts, and (d) the reduction of the section with bench removal. Four types of elements of protection were tested: concrete low barriers, layers of sand, flexible metal barriers and slope surface protection. The existence of rockfall catchment areas was shown to be a very good measure with frequencies of track invasion usually below 1% reaching 6.5% on conditions of large material accumulation. The best performance was obtained by the installation of sand layers, with all frequencies below 2%. The use of rigid barriers of 81 cm high had a good performance for low-slope heights, reaching up to 25% block retention. The use of flexible barriers and surface protections also had a good performance.
La RS471/BR153 es una importante carretera de integración, atraviesa el estado de RS diagonalmente (Noroeste-Sureste). El tramo estudiado en esta disertación se localiza entre los municipios de Herveiras y Vera Cruz, y coincide con el descenso desde el altiplano hasta la región central del estado. Durante las etapas de detalle y construcción de la obra fueron encontrados diversos problemas geotécnicos que son brevemente descritos. El texto presenta los condicionantes geotécnicos de tres subtramos: (a) altiplano, compuesto por rocas ácidas de origen volcánico y grado de fracturamiento muy alto; (b) descenso de la sierra, compuesto por los derrames de la formación Serra Geral (brechas ácidas y basálticas e derrames basálticos) y (c) planicie, con rocas sedimentarias y materiales coluviales. Además, hay una región donde el trazado atraviesa una “silla” topográfica que coincide con una falla regional, con cortes de aproximadamente 60 m de altura a través de rocas ácidas, básicas y brechas volcánicas. La disertación presenta estudios de procesos de caídas de rocas que han ocurrido en algunos cortes. Fue utilizado un procedimiento que correlaciona las lecturas obtenidas con el martillo Schmidt (Esclerómetro) y el coeficiente de restitución normal (RN) de las rocas en diferentes lugares. Con estos datos experimentales, fueron ejecutadas simulaciones de caídas de rocas en cuatro secciones transversales bastante distintas usando el programa RocFall. En cada sección fueron simulados cinco escenarios: (a) existencia de sobreanchos para la construcción de áreas de retención de rocas, (b) inexistencia de estas áreas, (c) existencia de relleno en una o más gradas existentes en los taludes de corte, y (d) diminución de la pendiente de los taludes y eliminación de las gradas. También fueron simulados cuatro tipos de elementos de protección: barreras de baja altura en concreto, capas de arena suelta, barreras metálicas flexibles y protección superficial de los taludes. La existencia de áreas de retención de rocas mostro ser una excelente medida, con frecuencias de invasión de pista generalmente inferiores a 1%, pudiendo llegar a 6,5% en condiciones de gran acumulación de material. El mejor desempeño fue obtenido con la instalación de capas de arena suelta, con todas las frecuencias por debajo de 2%. El uso de barreras rígidas de 81 cm de altura tuvo un buen desempeño para taludes de baja altura, llegando a detenciones de hasta 25% de los bloques en trayectoria de invasión. Las barreras flexibles y protecciones superficiales generaron resultados satisfactorios, que podrían ser mejorados con otras modulaciones y dimensiones.
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Alwash, Maitham Fadhil Abbas. "Assessment of concrete strength in existing structures using nondestructive tests and cores : analysis of current methodology and recommendations for more reliable assessment." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0587/document.

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Pour évaluer la résistance mécanique du béton dans un ouvrage existant, la méthodologie courante combine des mesures non destructives (CND) comme le rebond ou/et la vitesse des ondes ultrasoniques avec la technique destructive (carottes) afin de produire une relation‘‘modèle de conversion” entre la résistance mécanique et les mesures CND. Le modèle de conversion est utilisé pour estimer la valeur locale de résistance mécanique à chaque emplacement de test en utilisant la valeur CND correspondante. Ensuite, on calcule les estimations de la résistance moyenne et/ou de l’écart-type de la résistance (variabilité de la résistance du béton). Cependant, la fiabilité d’estimation est toujours discutable en raison des incertitudes associées à l’évaluation de la résistance basée sur les mesures CND. Pour améliorer la fiabilité, les incertitudes doivent être réduites en spécifiant et en contrôlant leurs facteurs d’influence. Par conséquent, l’objectif de cette thèse est d’analyser la méthodologie d’évaluation courante afin de fournir des recommandations pratiques qui peuvent améliorer la fiabilité de l’évaluation de la résistance in-situ du béton dans les ouvrages existantes par des tests non destructifs et des carottes.Pour ce but, un simulateur a été construit afin d’analyser les effets des facteurs les plus influents en utilisant une vaste campagne de données provenant de sources différentes (études in situ ou en laboratoire et données synthétiques générées). La première contribution de ce travail est le développement d’une nouvelle approche d’identification du modèle ‘‘bi-objectif” qui peut efficacement capturer la variabilité de la résistance mécanique en plus de la moyenne. Après avoir étudié l’effet du mode de sélection des emplacements pour les carottes, une méthode a été proposée pour sélectionner ces emplacements en fonction des mesures CND ‘‘sélection conditionnelle” qui améliore la qualité de l’évaluation sans coût supplémentaire. Une dernière innovation est l’établissement de courbes de risque qui quantifient la relation entre le nombre de carottes et la précision de l’estimation. Enfin, des recommandations ont été formulées afin de fournir des estimations plus fiables
To assess concrete strength in an existing structure, the current methodology combines nondestructive measurements (NDT) like rebound hammer or/and pulse velocity with destructive technique (cores) in order to implement a relationship ‘‘conversion model” between the compressive strength and NDT measurements. The conversion model is used to estimate the local strength value at each test location using the corresponding NDT value.Then the estimated mean strength and/or estimated strength standard deviation (concrete strength variability) values are calculated. However, the reliability of these estimated values isalways a questionable issue because of the uncertainties associated with the strength assessment based upon NDT measurements. To improve the reliability, the uncertainties must be reduced by specifying and controlling their influencing factors. Therefore, the objective of this thesis is to analyze the current assessment methodology in order to provide practical recommendations that can improve the reliability of assessing the in-situ strength in existing concrete structures by nondestructive tests and cores.To this end, a simulator was built in order to analyze the effects of the most influencing factors using a large campaign of datasets from different sources (in-situ or laboratory studies,and generated synthetic data).The first contribution of this work is the development of a new model identification approach“bi-objective” that can efficiently capture the strength variability in addition to the mean strength. After studying the effect of the way of selection the core locations, a method was proposed to select these locations depending on the NDT measurements “conditional selection” that improves the quality of assessment without additional cost. A third innovation was the development of a procedure to identify the relation between the number of cores and the accuracy of the estimation. Finally recommendations were derived in order to providemore reliable estimated values
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Procházka, David. "Vytvoření předpokladů pro hodnocení vlastností vysokopevnostních betonů s využitím nedestruktivních metod zkoušení." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233795.

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High-strength concrete (HSC) belongs in the recent years to frequently used types of concrete. It allows realization of static challenging structures and also shows due to its dense structure greater durability especially against aggressive media. Currently HSC construction realization abroad is not exceptional. It’s using in the Czech Republic is still limited. When realized, then in a small scale in civil engineering works. The realization of high-strength concrete structures is closely related with the concrete construction quality verification. Good efficiency of the quality control methods can provide non-destructive testing methods (NDT), especially when investigating strength of concrete built in structure. A lack on relevant data for non-destructive testing of HSC in technical and normative rules is to be considered as a significant deficiency. Evident for HSC generally is the lack in literature on deeper analysis of the factors affecting their non-destructive testing, as well a meaningful methodology or practically usable calibration relationships. HSC differs from ordinary concrete not only by used components, but also by more compact structure with different strength – elastic characteristics. Considering these differences, HSC strength prediction can not be performed by using calibration relationships developed for ordinary concrete. Moreover, the question is to what extent the current knowledge of the NDT results influencing factors can be considered as valid. The paper presents findings on the effects of the key factors affecting the measurement results of Schmidt hardness method and ultrasonic pulse method, including recommendations for the practical application of these methods. The problematic of static vs. dynamic modulus of elasticity was also solved. Calibration equations for predicting the compressive strength of HSC from the non-destructive testing parameter were elaborated, showing high cohesion among variables and practically usability.
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Kouddane, Bouchra. "Évaluation non destructive optimale des bétons par couplage des méthodes CND." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0084.

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Appréhender les caractéristiques mécaniques du béton in situ est essentiel pour déterminer la capacité structurelle à la fois des structures existantes et des nouvelles constructions. La méthodologie récente d'évaluation de la résistance du béton dans une structure existante consiste à intégrer des techniques de Contrôle Non Destructif (CND) avec des mesures destructives (carottage) pour établir un modèle de conversion qui corrèle la résistance mécanique avec les mesures non destructives. Par la suite, le modèle de conversion est appliqué pour estimer la résistance mécanique locale à chaque emplacement de test en fonction des valeurs CND correspondantes.Le test du rebond (RH) et le test de la vitesse des ondes ultrasonores (UPV) sont largement utilisés pour estimer la résistance à la compression du béton. Cependant, l'exactitude des résultats obtenus par ces méthodes peut être influencée par divers facteurs. Pour atténuer ces effets, la combinaison stratégique de ces deux tests non destructifs offre un moyen efficace d'évaluer la résistance du béton dans les structures existantes. Par conséquent, l'objectif de cette thèse est d'analyser la méthodologie d'évaluation des structures en combinant des techniques non destructives et de fournir des recommandations pratiques qui peuvent améliorer la fiabilité de l'évaluation de la résistance in-situ du béton. À cette fin, un simulateur a été développé pour analyser la méthodologie d'évaluation non destructive en utilisant un vaste ensemble de données provenant de diverses sources, notamment des études in situ, ainsi que des données synthétiques générées.La principale contribution de cette étude est de proposer une nouvelle approche d'identification de modèle basée sur l'optimisation multi-objectifs pour prédire la résistance moyenne du béton et sa variabilité, en se basant sur la combinaison des mesures CND. Des simulations Monte Carlo ont été réalisées pour vérifier les performances en tenant compte de l'incertitude des mesures CND et de la variabilité du béton. Les résultats ont mis en évidence l'efficacité de la méthode multi-objectifs dans la détermination de la résistance moyenne et la variabilité de la résistance, par rapport à d'autres approches. De plus, cette approche innovante permet d'obtenir une précision améliorée dans l'estimation des propriétés du béton avec un nombre réduit de prélèvements par rapport aux méthodes traditionnelles.En outre, l'efficacité de diverses stratégies d'échantillonnage suggérées a été évaluée dans cette étude afin de sélectionner les emplacements optimaux pour les extractions de carottes. Une représentation précise et approfondie de la structure examinée peut être obtenue en choisissant soigneusement les emplacements de carottage. À travers des comparaisons approfondies, l'étude vise à déterminer le plan d'échantillonnage qui correspond le mieux aux objectifs spécifiques de l'évaluation de la résistance du béton. Il est suggéré d'utiliser l'échantillonnage4 par optimisation de la variance, qui semble être une alternative appropriée pour réduire les incertitudes inhérentes au processus d'évaluation non destructive [...]
Understanding the in situ mechanical properties of concrete is essential for determining the structural capacity of both existing structures and new constructions. The recent methodology for assessing concrete strength in an existing structure involves integrating nondestructive testing (NDT) techniques with destructive measurements (coring) to establish a conversion model that correlates mechanical strength with nondestructive measurements. Subsequently, the conversion model is applied to estimate the local mechanical strength at each testing location based on the corresponding NDT values.The Rebound Hammer (RH) test and the Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) test are widely used for estimating the compressive strength of concrete. However, the accuracy of the results obtained from these methods can be influenced by various factors. To mitigate these effects, the strategic combination of these two nondestructive tests provides an effective way to evaluate concrete strength in existing structures. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to analyze the assessment methodology of structures by combining nondestructive techniques and to offer practical recommendations that can enhance the reliability of in-situ concrete strength. For this purpose, a simulator was developed to analyze the methodology of nondestructive assessment using an extensive dataset derived from various sources, including in-situ studies, as well as generated synthetic data.The primary contribution of this study is to propose a new model identification approach based on multi-objective optimization to predict the mean strength of concrete and its variability, based on the combination of NDT measurements. Monte Carlo simulations were carried out to check the performance by considering the uncertainty of NDT measurements and the variability of concrete. The results highlighted the effectiveness of the multi-objective method in determining both the average strength and the variability of strength compared to other approaches. Furthermore, this innovative approach enables enhanced accuracy in estimating concrete properties with a reduced number of cores compared to traditional methods.In addition, a thorough and accurate representation of the structure under examination can be achieved by carefully choosing the core locations. The efficacy of various suggested sample strategies has been evaluated in this study in order to select the optimal locations for the core extractions. Through these thorough comparisons, the study aims to discover the sampling plan that best aligns with the specific objectives of evaluating concrete strength. It is suggested to use variance sampling, which appears to be a suitable alternative for reducing inherent uncertainties in the nondestructive assessment process [...]
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Books on the topic "Rebound hammer"

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H, Langer William, and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. Estimating Los Angeles degradation value using the Schmidt rebound hammer along the Front Range, Colorado. [Denver, CO]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1998.

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Davenport, J. C. Estimating Los Angeles degradation value using the Schmidt rebound hammer along the Front Range, Colorado. [Denver, CO]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1998.

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Hill, Laura Warren. Strike the Hammer. Cornell University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501754258.001.0001.

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On July 24, 1964, chaos erupted in Rochester, New York. This book examines the unrest — rebellion by the city's Black community, rampant police brutality — that would radically change the trajectory of the Civil Rights movement. After overcoming a violent response by State Police, the fight for justice, in an upstate town rooted in black power movements, was reborn. That resurgence owed much to years of organizing and resistance in the community. This book examines Rochester's long Civil Rights history and, drawing extensively on oral accounts of the northern, urban community, offers rich and detailed stories of the area's protest tradition. The book paints a compelling picture of the foundations for the movement. Now, especially, this story of struggle for justice and resistance to inequality resonates. The book leads us to consider the social, political, and economic environment more than fifty years ago and how that founding generation of activists left its mark on present-day Rochester.
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Lemire, Jeff. Black Hammer Volume 6: Reborn Part Two. Dark Horse Books, 2022.

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Lemire, Jeff. Black Hammer Volume 7: Reborn Part Three. Dark Horse Comics, 2022.

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Stewart, Dave, Jeff Lemire, and Caitlin Yarsky. Black Hammer Volume 5: Reborn Part One. Dark Horse Comics, 2022.

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Book chapters on the topic "Rebound hammer"

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Corbett, D. "Advancing the Rebound Hammer Method: A New Concrete Test Hammer." In Nondestructive Testing of Materials and Structures, 149–54. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0723-8_21.

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Aydin, Adnan. "ISRM Suggested Method for Determination of the Schmidt Hammer Rebound Hardness: Revised Version." In The ISRM Suggested Methods for Rock Characterization, Testing and Monitoring: 2007-2014, 25–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07713-0_2.

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Revilla-Cuesta, Víctor, Vanesa Ortega-López, Flora Faleschini, Amaia Santamaría, and Marta Skaf. "Compressive-Strength Evaluation of Recycled Aggregate Self-compacting Concrete Through Hammer Rebound Index." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 236–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91877-4_28.

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Kashyap, V. S., G. Sancheti, K. Arora, S. Jain, and K. Mahale. "Evaluating Compressive Strength of Concrete Comprising Nano Silica and Marble Dust Using Rebound Hammer Test." In Learning and Analytics in Intelligent Systems, 254–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42363-6_30.

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Sethy, Susanta Kumar, Mopidevi Vijai Kishore, Vikas Garg, Raja, and Vivek Kumar. "Comparison of Compressive Strength of Hardened Concrete Using Schmidt Rebound Hammer and Conventional Testing Method." In Advances in Industrial Safety, 203–11. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6852-7_17.

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Török, Ákos. "Non-destructive Surface Strength Test—Duroskop a Forgotten Tool; Comparison to Schmidt Hammer Rebound Values of Rocks." In IAEG/AEG Annual Meeting Proceedings, San Francisco, California, 2018—Volume 6, 129–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93142-5_18.

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Yeşilmen, S. "Evaluation of Rebound Hammer Test as a Combined Procedure Used with Drill Core Testing for Evaluation of Existing Structures." In Nondestructive Testing of Materials and Structures, 341–46. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0723-8_49.

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S.Vijayan, D., D. Parthiban, R. Sanjay Kumar, Devanarayan B. M. Pillai, K. Razal Rahman, and Mohammed Mubashir. "Compressive Strength Evaluation of Reinforced Concrete Beams with a Newly Designed Magnetorheological Rebound Hammer by Core and UPV Test." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 415–24. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-9458-8_39.

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Sahoo, Kamakshya Prasad, Himmi Gupta, and Sanjay K. Sharma. "Development of Correlation Between Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity and Rebound Hammer Test Results for Condition Assessment of Concrete Structures for Sustainable Infrastructure Development." In Proceedings of International Conference on Innovative Technologies for Clean and Sustainable Development (ICITCSD – 2021), 123–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93936-6_11.

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Kareem Salati, Luqman, and Moses Shola Adeyemo. "Examining the Effect of Powder Factor Variability on Granite Productivity." In Recent Advances in Mineralogy. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.112440.

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This research seeks to examine the effect of powder factor variability on granite productivity during its quarrying. Schmidt hammer was used for the in-situ determination of rock hardness. Uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) of in situ rock was estimated from the values obtained from Schmidt hammer rebound hardness test and its density determined from laboratory test. After preliminary field studies, ten (10) blasts with varied powder factors were studied and their overall effects on granite productivity examined. Three (3) rock samples were carefully collected from the quarrying site and subjected to laboratory analysis for UCS and bulk density tests. With spacing and burden kept between 1.7 m and 1.8 m and stemming height also varied between 1.5 m and 2 m, charge columns of between 4.5 m to 6.5 m were maintained, while number of holes drilled per blast was between 64 and 88. Results obtained from the test revealed that the average UCS of the granite samples was 80.67 MN/m2 while the average bulk density was 2465.67 kg/m3. Therefore, considering ten (10) blasts with varied powder factors of between 0.77 kg/m3 and 0.97 kg/m3, total volumes of rock of between 1109.76 m3 and 2280.96 m3 was produced. Hence, varied powder factors have been found to have varying effects on rock fragmentation sizes and by extension, granite productivity.
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Conference papers on the topic "Rebound hammer"

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Ismail, Mohamad Pauzi bin, Muhamad Hafizie Bin Jefri, Mahadzir Bin Abdullah, Noor Azreen bin Masenwat, Suhairy bin Sani, Shukri Mohd, Nasharuddin bin Isa, and Mohamad Haniza bin Mahmud. "Concrete density estimation by rebound hammer method." In ADVANCING NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING FOR SUSTAINABLE NUCLEAR ENERGY INFRASTRUCTURE: Proceeding of the International Nuclear Science, Technology and Engineering Conference 2015 (iNuSTEC2015). AIP Publishing LLC, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4940087.

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D., Atoyebi O., Afolayan J. O., Arum C., and Alabi S. A. "Statistical Analysis of Rebound Hammer Assessment on Reinforced Concrete Buildings." In 2023 International Conference on Science, Engineering and Business for Sustainable Development Goals (SEB-SDG). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/seb-sdg57117.2023.10124607.

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Başyiğit, M., and H. Tunçdemir. "A geostatistical mapping of Schmidt hammer rebound values of carbonate rocks." In The 2016 Isrm International Symposium, Eurock 2016. Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315388502-59.

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Alkhatib, Omar J. "An Assessment of the Reliability of Rebound Hammer for Moist-Cured Specimens." In 2020 Advances in Science and Engineering Technology International Conferences (ASET). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aset48392.2020.9118182.

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"Review of the Rebound Hammer Method Estimating Concrete Compressive Strength on Site." In Universal Researchers. Universal Researchers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.17758/ur.u1214338.

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Wang, Jinwu, Xianda Wu, Menyou Ma, Yafan Huang, Feng Gao, and Qing Zeng. "The development and research of the wireless digital concrete rebound hammer system." In 2007 International Conference on Information Acquisition. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icia.2007.4295709.

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SADZEVICIUS, Raimondas, Tatjana SANKAUSKIENE, and Petras MILIUS. "COMPARISON OF CONCRETE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH VALUES OBTAINED USING REBOUND HAMMER AND DRILLED CORE SPECIMENS." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.011.

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Durability of reinforced concrete structures depends on the maintenance conditions, surveillance, and well-timed repair of structures or reconstructions. Usually, the main attention falls on the durability determination based on the evaluation of change of main physical –mechanical properties, especially, on the compression strength of concrete. In this study, tests with the rebound hammer and concrete cores extracted from the existing reinforced concrete elements in hydraulic structures are presented. The comparison of strength values obtained with the rebound hammer and the concrete core specimens of reinforced concrete in hydraulic structures is carried out. The research was performed during the scientific expedition in the period of 2010–2014. The investigated objects are allocated in hydroschemes of Druskininkai, Marijampolė, Klaipėda districts. It was established that the results obtained using the non-destructive method were by 17 % higher than the ones obtained by performing the destructive test. However, it can be said that despite this fact, the non-destructive method offers simplicity and rapidity in use: test results are readily available on site and there is a possibility to test concrete strength of those structures where cores cannot be drilled due to thin-walled or densely reinforced structures.
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Hrischev, Lachezar, Ivan Rostovsky, Ivan-Aleksandar Conev, and Viktor Nikolov. "Investigation for estimating of concrete strength by the maturity method and the rebound hammer test." In 13TH INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE ON AERONAUTICS, AUTOMOTIVE AND RAILWAY ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGIES (BulTrans-2021). AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0104091.

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Chellal, H. A. K., S. Egenhoff, A. Latrach, and O. Bakelli. "Machine Learning Based Predictive Models for UCS and Young's Modulus of the Dakota Sand Using Schmidt Hammer Rebound." In 57th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-2023-0819.

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ABSTRACT The Inyan Kara formation is a fluvial sandstone saline aquifer in the Williston basin that gained a lot of interest in the recent years due to it being the main saltwater disposal formation and one of the most promising CO2 storage formations in the basin. However very little is known about the geomechanical properties of this formation given the limited number of cored wells and other necessary data through this interval. Therefore, this study used a combination of well log data, routine geomechanical core data experiments and Schmidt hammer measurements to create a robust machine learning model that accurately predicts the deformability and strength of the Inyan Kara formation (i.e., the uniaxial confined stress (UCS) and Young's modulus) from Schmidt hammer rebound. The model performance was then compared to published empirical correlations and proved to be very accurate with near perfect predictions. Our model uses data from the Williston basin and therefore would be more suitable and perform much better on data from the same basin than the existing empirical relationships. INTRODUCTION The Inyan Kara formation in the Williston basin has gained a lot of interest in the recent years given the rising Drilling problems caused by the saltwater disposal activity in this formation (Basu et al., 2019) and the interest in this formation as a potential CO2 storage formation. However, this formation is a saline aquifer located at an average depth ranging between 4000 to 6000 feet with no potential hydrocarbon resources. Therefore, wireline logs and core data in this formation are very scarce (Basu et al., 2020) and this is the primary motivation for this study which aims to generate a machine learning model that correlates the Schmidt hammer rebound to the young's modulus and unconfined compressive strength of the different lithologies in this formation which are parameters usually measured through destructive laboratory tests. Given the importance of the mechanical properties of the rocks for geomechanical modeling (Chellal et al., 2022) as it relates to CO2 geological storage, wellbore stability and other problems related to saltwater disposal. This highlights the importance of finding a machine learning model that rely on non-destructive testing methods like the Schmidt hammer rebound to estimate the deformability and strength of the rock defined by young's modulus (YM) and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) (Malki et al., 2023).
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Qinmi, Sun, Li Haibin, and Li Xuefei. "DERIVATION AND DETERMINATION ANALYSIS OF THE MASS OF STEEL ANVIL USED FOR VERIFYING REBOUND TEST HAMMER." In Joint IMEKO TC3, T5, TC16 and TC22 International Conference. Budapest: IMEKO, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21014/tc3-2022.144.

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Reports on the topic "Rebound hammer"

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Issard, M., and T. R. C. Aston. Schmidt Hammer Rebound' users guide: IBM-PC/AT computer calculation of uniaxial compressive strength using the Schmidt Hammer. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/304941.

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E.M. Cikanek, R.J. Blakely, T.A. Grant, and L.E. Safley. Data Qualification and Data Summary Report: Intact Rock Properties Data on Tensile Strength, Schmidt Hammer Rebound Hardness, and Rock Triaxial Creep. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/836526.

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Dachs, Bernhard, and Matthias Weber. National recovery packages, innovation, and transformation. Project for the Austrian Council for Research and Technology Development. Rat für Forschung und Technologieentwicklung, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22163/fteval.2022.604.

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The COVID-19 pandemic hit Europe hard, and measures to contain the spread of the COVID-19 have resulted in a deep recession in 2020. To fight this recession, national governments have mobilised considerable funds to support the economy and prepare for a rebound in the following years. In addition to national efforts, the European Commission has initiated NextGenerationEU, a 750 bn EUR package to support Europe’s recovery, and the Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF) as its biggest component. The aim of this package is to make Europe’s economies more resilient to future challenges while supporting them in the green and digital transitions. Immediate support for the economy is important to stabilize employment and prevent vicious cycles that appeared during the Great Depression of the 1930s. However, these measures may also hamper change for good when they only aim at restoring the status quo before the crisis. Times of crisis are always times of transformation and innovation – this may also be true for the COVID-19 crisis of 2020 and 2021.The crisis may provide a good environment to push for transformative innovation. The rapid development of vaccines against COVID-19 is a strong sign for the adaptability of national innovation systems to new challenges, and the sense of urgency for change is high. However, one may also ask if national funding and the EU recovery packages are agile enough to support new ideas, new firms and new business models, as potential triggers of transformation. Against this background, the project will analyse Austria’s response to the economic effects of the crisis from an innovation and transformation perspective. In particular, the project will look at the recovery packages from the perspective of the ‘protect-prepare-transform’ framework proposed by the EU Expert group on the Societal and Economic Impact of Research and Innovation (ESIR, 2020): the need to protect the overall wellbeing of individuals during the crisis, the need to prepare for future pandemics and crises and the need to transform the European economy and society towards more resilience against future crises. The analysis will include national funds as well as Austria’s Recovery and Resilience Plan (RRP), i.e. its proposal to the Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF) of the European Commission. This multi-level nature of the recovery measures is further complicated by regional initiatives to mobilise further resources such as EU Structural Funds to fight the COVID-19 crisis.
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