Journal articles: 'Receivers (Electronics)'

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Diaz, M. "Integrating GPS receivers into consumer mobile electronics." IEEE Multimedia 6, no. 4 (1999): 88–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/93.809238.

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Pothikunkupatarak, Natchapan, Thayathip Thongtan, and Chalermchon Satirapod. "Estimations of GNSS receiver internal delay using precise point positioning algorithm." Journal of Applied Geodesy 13, no. 1 (January 28, 2019): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jag-2018-0020.

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Abstract Random and systematic errors affect navigation satellite observations on both pseudo-range and carrier phase. These errors are originated at satellites, propagation path and receivers. This study focuses on the GNSS receiver internal delay determination resulting from the receiver’s electronics circuit. The characterisation of the delay in the GNSS geodetic receivers is essential to enhance the accuracy for the time transfer and time comparisons as part of GNSS integrity chain determinations. The purpose of GNSS receiver internal delay at the National Institute of Metrology (Thailand), NIMT, is to estimate the characteristics and performances of the GNSS geodetic receiver used for international time comparisons. The experiments are simultaneously observed GNSS satellites by a GPS and a GNSS receivers and two separate antennas with short baseline (around 6 metres), where both receivers are connected to the identical external caesium frequency standard maintained as time and frequency standard of Thailand. The GPS receiver is well-defined for its receiver internal delay on the pseudo-range observation of C1, through comparisons using an internationally recognised method, while the geodetic GNSS receiver is to be defined on its receiver internal delay. These experiment observations started from 26 December 2017 to 17 January 2018 at NIMT, Pathumthani, Thailand. The determined unknowns are receiver position, receiver clock offset, tropospheric delay through the geodetic technique of static Precise Point Positioning observations with Bernese GNSS software version 5.2. Later the receiver internal delay of NIMT is computed and analysed. The receiver internal delay on GPS C1 code is successfully characterised, resulted as 346.0 nanoseconds as of this experiment.

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FRITZ, KARL E., BARBARA A. RANDALL, GREGG J. FOKKEN, MICHAEL J. DEGERSTROM, MICHAEL J. LORSUNG, JASON F. PRAIRIE, ERIC L. H. AMUNDSEN, et al. "HIGH-SPEED, LOW-POWER DIGITAL AND ANALOG CIRCUITS IMPLEMENTED IN IBM SiGe BiCMOS TECHNOLOGY." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 13, no. 01 (March 2003): 221–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156403001582.

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Under the auspices of Defense Advanced Research Project Agency's Microsystems Technology Office (DARPA/MTO) Low Power Electronics Program, the Mayo Foundation Special Purpose Processor Development Group is exploring ways to reduce circuit power consumption, while maintaining or increasing functionality, for existing military systems. Applications presently being studied include all-digital radar receivers, electronic warfare receivers, and other types of digital signal processors. One of the integrated circuit technologies currently under investigation to support such military systems is the IBM Corporation silicon germanium (SiGe) BiCMOS process. In this paper, design methodology, simulations and test results from demonstration circuits developed for these applications and implemented in the IBM SiGe BiCMOS 5HP (50 GHz fT HBTs with 0.5 μm CMOS) and 7HP (120 GHz fT HBTs with 0.18 μm CMOS) technologies will be presented.

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Masini, Gianlorenzo, Subal Sahni, Giovanni Capellini, Jeremy Witzens, and Cary Gunn. "High-Speed Near Infrared Optical Receivers Based on Ge Waveguide Photodetectors Integrated in a CMOS Process." Advances in Optical Technologies 2008 (June 16, 2008): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/196572.

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We discuss our approach to monolithic intergration of Ge photodectors with CMOS electronics for high-speed optical transceivers. Receivers based on Ge waveguide photodetectors achieve a sensitivity of −14.2 dBm (10−12 bit error rate (BER)) at 10 Gbps and 1550 nm.

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Luo, Hongyu, Chengjun Wang, Changhong Linghu, Kaixin Yu, Chao Wang, and Jizhou Song. "Laser-driven programmable non-contact transfer printing of objects onto arbitrary receivers via an active elastomeric microstructured stamp." National Science Review 7, no. 2 (August 6, 2019): 296–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwz109.

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Abstract Transfer printing, as an important assembly technique, has attracted much attention due to its valuable merits to develop novel forms of electronics such as stretchable inorganic electronics requiring the heterogeneous integration of inorganic materials with soft elastomers. Here, we report on a laser-driven programmable non-contact transfer printing technique via a simple yet robust design of active elastomeric microstructured stamp that features cavities filled with air and embedded under the contacting surface, a micro-patterned surface membrane that encapsulates the air cavities and a metal layer on the inner-cavity surfaces serving as the laser-absorbing layer. The micro-patterned surface membrane can be inflated dynamically to control the interfacial adhesion, which can be switched from strong state to weak state by more than three orders of magnitude by local laser heating of the air in the cavity with a temperature increase below 100°C. Theoretical and experimental studies reveal the fundamental aspects of the design and fabrication of the active elastomeric microstructured stamp and the operation of non-contact transfer printing. Demonstrations in the programmable transfer printing of micro-scale silicon platelets and micro-scale LED chips onto various challenging receivers illustrate the extraordinary capabilities for deterministic assembly that are difficult to address by existing printing schemes, thereby creating engineering opportunities in areas requiring the heterogeneous integration of diverse materials such as curvilinear electronics and MicroLED displays.

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Xie, Yuchen, Zhengrong Li, Feiqiang Chen, Huaming Chen, and Feixue Wang. "The Unbiased Characteristic of Doppler Frequency in GNSS Antenna Array Processing." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2019 (April 24, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5302401.

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The antenna array technology, especially the spaced-time array processing (STAP), is one of the effective methods used in Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers to refrain the power of jamming and enhance the performance of receivers in the circumstance of interference. However, biases induced to the receiver because of many reasons, including characteristic of antennas, front-end channel electronics, and space-time filtering, are extremely harmful to the high precise positioning of receivers. Although plenty of works have been done to calibrate the antenna and to mitigate these biases, achieving a good performance of antijamming, high accuracy, and low complexity at the same time still remains challenging. Different from existing works, this paper leverages the characteristic of GNSS signal’s Doppler frequency in STAP, which is proven to remain unbiased to solve the problem, even when the nonideal antennas are used and the interference circumstance changes. Since the integration of frequency is carrier phase, the unbiased Doppler frequency leads to an accurate estimation of carrier phase which can be used to calibrate the antenna array without extra apparatus or complicating algorithms. Therefore, a simple Doppler-aid strategy may be developed in the future to solve the difficulty of STAP bias mitigation.

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Leuchter, Jan, Radim Bloudicek, Jan Boril, Josef Bajer, and Erik Blasch. "Influence of Aircraft Power Electronics Processing on Backup VHF Radio Systems." Electronics 10, no. 7 (March 25, 2021): 777. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10070777.

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The paper describes the influence of power electronics, energy processing, and emergency radio systems (ERS) immunity testing on onboard aircraft equipment and ground stations providing air traffic services. The implementation of next-generation power electronics introduces potential hazards for the safety and reliability of aircraft systems, especially the interferences from power electronics with high-power processing. The paper focuses on clearly identifying, experimentally verifying, and quantifiably measuring the effects of power electronics processing using switching modes versus the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of emergency radio systems with electromagnetic interference (EMI). EMI can be very critical when switching power radios utilize backup receivers, which are used as aircraft backup systems or airport last-resort systems. The switching power electronics process produces interfering electromagnetic energy to create problems with onboard aircraft radios or instrument landing system (ILS) avionics services. Analyses demonstrate significant threats and risks resulting from interferences between radio and power electronics in airborne systems. Results demonstrate the impact of interferences on intermediate-frequency processing, namely, for very high frequency (VHF) radios. The paper also describes the methodology of testing radio immunity against both weak and strong signals in accordance with recent aviation standards and guidance for military radio communication systems in the VHF band.

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Tang, Ji Ling, Nian Feng Li, and Hong Liang Liu. "Research and Design of Large Equipment Electromagnetic Compatibility System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 741 (March 2015): 739–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.741.739.

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Through the study of vehicle work mechanism of the large electronics devices，In view of the interference between vehicles and between different equipment of the same car ，the mathematical model of EMC system of the transmitters and receivers are established the.and applied to on-board equipment. The experimental results show that the system can effectively restrain interference signals of on-board equipment，ensuring the reliable operation of vehicle equipment.

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Song, Dengwei, Hongmei Liu, Le Qi, and Bo Zhou. "A General Purpose Adaptive Fault Detection and Diagnosis Scheme for Information Systems with Superheterodyne Receivers." Complexity 2018 (2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4763612.

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A superheterodyne receiver is a type of device universally used in a variety of electronics and information systems. Fault detection and diagnosis for superheterodyne receivers are therefore of critical importance, especially in noise environments. A general purpose fault detection and diagnosis scheme based on observers and residual error analysis was proposed in this study. In the scheme, two generalized regression neural networks (GRNNs) are utilized for fault detection, with one as an observer and the other as an adaptive threshold generator; faults are detected by comparing the residual error and the threshold. Then, time and frequency domain features are extracted from the residual error for diagnosis. A probabilistic neural network (PNN) acts as a classifier to realize the fault diagnosis. Finally, to mimic electromagnetic environments with noise interference, simulation model under different fault conditions with noise interferences is established to test the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed fault detection and diagnosis scheme. Results of the simulation experiments proved that the presented method is effective and robust in simulated electromagnetic environments.

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Sun, Jinwen, Chen Lu, Manxi Wang, Hang Yuan, and Le Qi. "Performance Assessment and Prediction for Superheterodyne Receivers Based on Mahalanobis Distance and Time Sequence Analysis." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6458954.

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The superheterodyne receiver is a typical device widely used in electronics and information systems. Thus effective performance assessment and prediction for superheterodyne receiver are necessary for its preventative maintenance. A scheme of performance assessment and prediction based on Mahalanobis distance and time sequence analysis is proposed in this paper. First, a state observer based on radial basis function (RBF) neural network is designed to monitor the superheterodyne receiver and generate the estimated output. The residual error can be calculated by the actual and estimated output. Second, time-domain features of the residual error are then extracted; after that, the Mahalanobis distance measurement is utilized to obtain the health confidence value which represents the performance assessment result of the most recent state. Furthermore, an Elman neural network based time sequence analysis approach is adopted to forecast the future performance of the superheterodyne receiver system. The results of simulation experiments demonstrate the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed performance assessment and prediction method.

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Belitsky, V., M. Bylund, V. Desmaris, A. Ermakov, S. E. Ferm, M. Fredrixon, S. Krause, et al. "ALMA Band 5 receiver cartridge." Astronomy & Astrophysics 611 (March 2018): A98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201731883.

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We describe the design, performance, and commissioning results for the new ALMA Band 5 receiver channel, 163–211 GHz, which is in the final stage of full deployment and expected to be available for observations in 2018. This manuscript provides the description of the new ALMA Band 5 receiver cartridge and serves as a reference for observers using the ALMA Band 5 receiver for observations. At the time of writing this paper, the ALMA Band 5 Production Consortium consisting of NOVA Instrumentation group, based in Groningen, NL, and GARD in Sweden have produced and delivered to ALMA Observatory over 60 receiver cartridges. All 60 cartridges fulfil the new more stringent specifications for Band 5 and demonstrate excellent noise temperatures, typically below 45 K single sideband (SSB) at 4 K detector physical temperature and below 35 K SSB at 3.5 K (typical for operation at the ALMA Frontend), providing the average sideband rejection better than 15 dB, and the integrated cross-polarization level better than –25 dB. The 70 warm cartridge assemblies, hosting Band 5 local oscillator and DC bias electronics, have been produced and delivered to ALMA by NRAO. The commissioning results confirm the excellent performance of the receivers.

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Rupp, Tyrel, Binh Duc Truong, Shane Williams, and Shad Roundy. "Magnetoelectric Transducer Designs for Use as Wireless Power Receivers in Wearable and Implantable Applications." Materials 12, no. 3 (February 8, 2019): 512. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12030512.

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As the size of biomedical implants and wearable devices becomes smaller, the need for methods to deliver power at higher power densities is growing. The most common method to wirelessly deliver power, inductively coupled coils, suffers from poor power density for very small-sized receiving coils. An alternative strategy is to transmit power wirelessly to magnetoelectric (ME) or mechano-magnetoelectric (MME) receivers, which can operate efficiently at much smaller sizes for a given frequency. This work studies the effectiveness of ME and MME transducers as wireless power receivers for biomedical implants of very small (<2 mm3) size. The comparative study clearly demonstrates that under existing safety standards, the ME architecture is able to generate a significantly higher power density than the MME architecture. Analytical models for both types of transducers are developed and validated using centimeter scale devices. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) standards were applied to the lumped elements models which were then used to optimize device dimensions within a 2 mm3 volume. An optimized ME device can produce 21.3 mW/mm3 and 31.3 W/mm3 under the IEEE and ICNIRP standards, respectively, which are extremely attractive for a wide range of biomedical implants and wearable devices.

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Park, Byungwoon, Jeongkeun Lee, Younsil Kim, Ho Yun, and Changdon Kee. "DGPS Enhancement to GPS NMEA Output Data: DGPS by Correction Projection to Position-Domain." Journal of Navigation 66, no. 2 (October 23, 2012): 249–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463312000471.

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Most Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) correction formats are based on range information, and thus typical DGPS systems can be implemented only on correction message-readable or raw observable-providing devices. There is no other way to improve an already-calculated position than a ‘block shift technique’, which has a very limited applicability. This paper suggests an algorithm to project measurement correction directly to position domain data without requiring raw pseudorange data. By post-processing methodology, we evaluated the performance of our new algorithm compared to conventional DGPS, which requires raw pseudorange data; the observed difference between them was only 0·1 mm . The proposed correction projection algorithm can be used with commercial off-the-shelf receivers that provide National Marine Electronics Association (NMEA) format data. Our testing with a U-blox LEA-5H receiver resulted in a drastic reduction of horizontal Root Mean Square (RMS) error from 4·75 m to 1·09 m.

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Minetto, Alex, Fabio Dovis, Andrea Vesco, Miquel Garcia-Fernandez, Àlex López-Cruces, José Luis Trigo, Marc Molina, et al. "A Testbed for GNSS-Based Positioning and Navigation Technologies in Smart Cities: The HANSEL Project." Smart Cities 3, no. 4 (October 19, 2020): 1219–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/smartcities3040060.

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In urban contexts, the increasing density of electronic devices equipped with Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers and complementary positioning technologies is attracting research and development efforts devoted to an improvement of the quality of life towards the smart city paradigm. Vehicular and pedestrian positioning and navigation capabilities are among the major drivers for innovation in this process. Ultra-low-cost electronics such as smartphones and Internet of Things (IoT) sensors aim at providing accurate and reliable positioning solutions through a set of promising solutions. Among these, snapshot positioning allows to remotely perform the post-processing of GNSS signals in IoT sensor networks while Wi-Fi™ ranging and cooperative positioning provide auxiliary anchors of opportunity to enhance indoor/outdoor positioning capabilities. This paper presents an innovative platform to perform a centralised testing and assessment of such positioning and navigation technologies along with a set of results obtained in the context of the European project HANSEL, by relying on current network technologies and infrastructures (i.e., Wi-Fi™ and cellular connectivity).

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ARTYUKHOV, Ivan I., Sergey F. STEPANOV, Dmitriy A. BOCHKAREV, Gulsim N. TULEPOVA, and Artem I. ZEMTSOV. "MICROGRID BASED ON A GROUP OF AUTONOMOUS OPERATING SYNCHRONOUS GENERATORS." Urban construction and architecture 7, no. 4 (December 15, 2017): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2017.04.22.

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The current level of power electronics development allows creating and implementing new technologies for generation, transmission and distribution of electricity. Electric machines with variable shaft speed can be used as an energy source now. The functions of providing the parameters of the generated electric power are transferred to the converter devices. The combination of controlled energy sources and electrical receivers in microgrids allows reducing energy losses, increasing the reliability of electricity supply. The article is devoted to the constructions of a microgrid based on several autonomously operating synchronous generators. As an example, microgrid for power supply of compressor station based on own use generators of gas compressor units is considered.

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King, Simon George, Bilal Tariq Malik, Pavlos Giannak, and Maxim Shkunov. "Novel printing techniques to print flexible radio frequency devices such as antennas." Impact 2021, no. 1 (February 5, 2021): 6–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2021.1.6.

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Energy harvesting devices such as solar panels and wind generators collect energy sources and convert them to generate power. Such devices are economical and efficient and also allow energy to be generated and devices and applications powered in places without conventional power sources, such as underwater. Energy harvesting also has the potential to be used to satisfy the need for energy autonomy that autonomous electronics, the Internet of Things (IoT) and wearable devices demand. At the University of Surrey, UK, Dr Simon King is collaborating with Dr Bilal Malik, Dr Maxim Shkunov and Dr Pavlos Giannakou on a project called flexible smart SURFaces for Augmented indoor communicationS (SURFAS) to design energy harvesting surfaces (antennas) for zero-power consuming electronic devices. Each team member has their own speciality and all share the common goal of revolutioning the ways that devices access and consume energy. The goal is to reduce energy consumption and provide cost benefits. Part of the team's current work involves the use of novel printing techniques to fabricate flexible radio frequency (RF) devices, such as rectifying antennas. The team believes the development of fully integrated printed energy harvesting devices will lead to countless future IoT applications. The ultimate objective of SURFAS is to enable zero-power consumption electronic devices and smart surfaces that are capable of optimally redirecting Wi-Fi signals and enhancing the performance of receivers. The team is also working to develop a manufacturing process for rapidly and cost-effectively producing such devices.

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Turner, L. W., M. C. Udal, B. T. Larson, and S. A. Shearer. "Monitoring cattle behavior and pasture use with GPS and GIS." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 80, no. 3 (September 1, 2000): 405–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a99-093.

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Precision agriculture is already being used commercially to improve variability management in row crop agriculture. In the same way, understanding how spatial and temporal variability of animal, forage, soil and landscape features affect grazing behavior and forage utilization provides potential to modify pasture management, improve efficiency of utilization, and maximize profits. Recent advances in global positioning system (GPS) technology have allowed the development of lightweight GPS collar receivers suitable for monitoring animal position at 5-min intervals. The GPS data can be imported into a geographic information system (GIS) to assess animal behavior characteristics and pasture utilization. This paper describes application and use of GPS technology on intensively managed beef cattle, and implications for livestock behavior and management research on pasture. Key words: Livestock behavior, electronics, grazing, forage, global positioning system, geographic information system

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Hu, Meng Zhong, Tong Sheng Yi, and Jia Liang Pan. "A Visual Simulation Method for 2-D Complex Situation of Electromagnetic Environment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 568-570 (June 2014): 1516–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.568-570.1516.

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As the complex situation of electromagnetic environment is difficult to be analyzed and simulated visibly, interface program is developed based on the calculation module of Wireless Insite2.5 software. Equipments such as communication, radar, electronics resists and other radio devices are studied to build accurate theoretic models. Moreover, a method for creating software receivers quickly in MATLAB is proposed and other equipment models are created automatically just based on the parameters of equipments in the same way. Then, situations of time, frequency and energy-domain are calculated successfully with using Wireless Insite2.5. Complex 2-D situation of electromagnetic environment is displayed in the 2-D map by using MATLAB map display technology. At last, Display and query visualization for complex situation of electromagnetic environment is realized by designing a visual data query tool of mouse.

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LIU, Weijie, and Zhengyuan Xu. "Some practical constraints and solutions for optical camera communication." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 378, no. 2169 (March 2, 2020): 20190191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2019.0191.

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Mobile wireless communication heavily relies on the radio frequency to convey message and data. However, its limited spectrum can hardly meet the demands for the future high data rate applications. Optical wireless communication, in particular visible light communication, opens up vast optical spectrum for communication, and meanwhile can retrofit the light sources as the communication transmitters in the existing working or living environments. In conjunction with the ubiquitous cameras in hand-held consumer electronics such as smartphones and pads, optical camera communication (OCC) further takes advantages of image sensors as the communication receivers and realizes low-cost communication systems. This article first provides an overview of OCC systems. It then addresses some practical constraints, ranging from sensor low frame rate and instability, rolling shutter readout, to visual qualities of displayed images and videos, and link blockage between the transmitter and receiver. Accordingly, it introduces existing and new solutions to deal with those constraints by data modulation, newly developed camera structures, post-processing of sensed signals and non-line of sight OCC as a new form. In particular, indirect paths by either the indoor surface reflection or the outdoor atmospheric scattering are explored for link connectivity under blockage. Finally, some future research directions are suggested. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Optical wireless communication’.

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Dove, Lewis. "Multi-Layer Ceramic Packaging for High Frequency Mixed-Signal VLSI ASICS." Journal of Microelectronics and Electronic Packaging 6, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/1551-4897-6.1.38.

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Mixed-signal Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) have traditionally been used in test and measurement applications for a variety of functions such as data converters, pin electronics circuitry, drivers, and receivers. Over the past several years, the complexity, power density, and bandwidth of these chips has increased dramatically. This has necessitated dramatic changes in the way these chips have been packaged. As the chips have become true VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration) ICs, the number of I/Os have become too large to interconnect with wire bonds. Thus, it has become necessary to utilize flip chip interconnects. Also, the bandwidth of the high-speed signal paths and clocks has increased into the multi Gbit or GHz ranges. This requires the use of packages with good high-frequency performance which are designed using microwave circuit techniques to optimize signal integrity and to minimize signal crosstalk and noise.

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Lee, In-Sung, and Joong Wook Lee. "Nondestructive Internal Defect Detection Using a CW–THz Imaging System in XLPE for Power Cable Insulation." Applied Sciences 10, no. 6 (March 18, 2020): 2055. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10062055.

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The demand for internal nondestructive testing and inspection techniques is rapidly increasing. Using a continuous wave (CW) terahertz (THz) imaging system, we demonstrate that the internal defects in cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) plates for power cable insulation can be detected. In a coherent detection scheme based on photomixers, which serve as the THz emitters and receivers, the change of phase occurring with the defects inside the XLPE plates is distinctly measured by the change in the amplitude of the transmitted THz waves. According to the two-dimensional images of THz waves transmitted through the XLPE plates, defects of up to 0.5 mm size located inside the XLPE plates can be detected by the internal nondestructive examination method based on CW–THz waves. This technique will be useful for internal nondestructive testing and inspection of insulation materials that require high resolution in various industries, including the automobiles, electronics, and electrical power industries.

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Szywalski, Patryk, and Andrzej Waindok. "Practical Aspects of Design and Testing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles." Acta Mechanica et Automatica 14, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ama-2020-0008.

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AbstractA design of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) construction, intended for autonomous flights in a group, was presented in this article. The design assumptions, practical implementation and results of the experiments were given. Some of the frame parts were made using 3D printing technology. It not only reduces the costs but also allows for better fitting of the covers to the electronics, which additionally protects them against shocks and dirt. The most difficult task was to develop the proper navigation system. Owing to high costs of precision positioning systems, common global positioning system (GPS) receivers were used. Their disadvantage is the floating position error. The original software was also described. It controls the device, allows performing autonomous flight along a pre-determined route, analyses all parameters of the drone and sends them in a real time to the operator. The tests of the system were carried out and presented in the article, as well.

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Ye, Hongjun, Xiaojun Jing, Liang Liu, Maolei Wang, Shuo Hao, Xingkang Lang, and Baoguo Yu. "Analysis of Quasi-Zenith Satellite System Signal Acquisition and Multiplexing Characteristics in China Area." Sensors 20, no. 6 (March 11, 2020): 1547. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20061547.

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On the basis of realizing regional navigation, the Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS) has advanced navigation function, which leads to the broadcasting of more signals in a single frequency of QZSS signals. Current signal transmission technology cannot solve this problem, so it is necessary to design a signal multiplexing method. The current QZSS satellite interface document does not disclose the multiplexing modulation method of the signal transmission, which has a certain impact on the acquisition of high-precision observation data and further data processing. The iGMAS (International GNSS Monitoring & Assessment System) Monitoring and Evaluation Center of the 54th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation has used the low-distortion data acquisition and processing platform and refined signal software receiving processing algorithm of the iGMAS to complete the signal acquisition and analysis of QZSS satellites. Analysis of the multiplexing and modulation method and signal characteristics for the QZSS has been carried out, which can provide a reference for the design and data processing of high-precision receivers.

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Simić, Igor, and Radoje Marković. "Electronic warfare receivers." Vojnotehnicki glasnik 46, no. 6 (1998): 649–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/vojtehg9806649s.

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Weikle, Robert M., N. Scott Barker, Arthur W. Lichtenberger, Matthew F. Bauwens, and Naser Alijabbari. "Heterogeneous Integration and Micromachining Technologies for Terahertz Devices and Components." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2015, DPC (January 1, 2015): 002041–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2015dpc-tha31.

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Terahertz electronics has been a topic of research and development for many years, motivated largely by the technological needs of the radio astronomy and remote sensing scientific communities. Over the past decade, however, this field has experienced dramatic growth and intense, renewed interest from academic researchers and federal agencies, as well as from industry. This interest has arisen, in part, from recent funding initiatives from the federal government (such as DARPA's Terahertz Electronics Program), but is also largely due to the establishment of a commercial infrastructure that has made test and measurement instrumentation available to the engineers and scientists working at these frequencies. Moreover, the emergence of CMOS as a potential submillimeter-wave device technology has greatly expanded access to this spectral region by providing circuit designers with a platform for realizing terahertz circuits without need for specialized fabrication facilities or processes. The recent and rapid progress in terahertz electronics has created a demand for improved approaches to packaging and integration, as well as a need for new measurement instrumentation for characterizing emerging terahertz devices. This paper focuses on two recent research developments aimed at addressing these needs and broadening the technology base for both terahertz system implementation and terahertz metrology. These developments include (1) the development of a direct-contact probe technology that permits on-wafer scattering-parameter characterization and measurement of planar integrated devices at frequencies to 1 THz and beyond, and (2) the establishment of processing technologies that permit fabrication of highly-integrated submillimeter-wave diode-based circuits, such as heterodyne receivers and frequency multipliers, that are based on heterogeneous integration of III-V semiconductor devices with thin silicon membranes as a support and integration substrate. The technical foundation for each of these efforts is micromachining of silicon that allow the formation of mechanically-robust and low-loss membrane carriers to support terahertz devices and circuitry. Two examples of heterogeneous integration with silicon as an approach to packaging terahertz components are detailed in this paper. These include development of micromachined probes for on-wafer measurements of devices and circuits in the WR-1.0 waveguide band (0.75 – 1.1 THz). The probe design concept will be presented and methods for characterizing the probe described. Measurements demonstrate that the probes exhibit an insertion loss of less than 7 dB and return loss of greater than 15 dB over 750—1100 GHz band, yielding the first demonstration of on-wafer probe operating above 1 THz. In addition, an example of heterogeneous integration/packaging of a submillimeter-wave frequency quadrupler operating at 160 GHz with efficiency of 30% and corresponding output power of 70 mW will be discussed. The quadrupler design includes two frequency doubler stages in cascade and is based on a balanced circuit architecture that addresses degradation issues often arising from impedance mismatches between multiplier stages. A unique quasi-vertical diode fabrication process consisting of transfer of GaAs epitaxy to the thin silicon support substrate is used to implement the quadrupler, resulting in an integrated drop-in chip module that incorporates 18 varactors, matching networks and beamleads for mounting.

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Weng, Duojie, Xingli Gan, Wu Chen, Shengyue Ji, and Yangwei Lu. "A New DGNSS Positioning Infrastructure for Android Smartphones." Sensors 20, no. 2 (January 15, 2020): 487. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20020487.

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One’s position has become an important piece of information for our everyday lives in a smart city. Currently, a position can be obtained easily using smartphones that is equipped with low-cost Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) chipsets with accuracy varying from 5 m to 10 m. Differential GNSS (DGNSS) is an efficient technology that removes the majority of GNSS errors with the aid of reference stations installed at known locations. The sub-meter accuracy can be achieved when applying the DGNSS technology on the advanced receivers. In 2016, Android has opened the accesses of raw GNSS measurements to developers. However, most of the mid and low-end smartphones only provide the data using the National Marine Electronics Association (NMEA) protocol. They do not provide the raw measurements, and thus do not support the DGNSS operation either. We proposed a DGNSS infrastructure that correct the standalone GNSS position of smartphones using the corrections from the reference station. In the infrastructure, the position correction is generated considering the GNSS satellite IDs that contribute to the standalone solution in smartphones, and the position obtained is equivalent to the solution of using the range-domain correction directly. To serve a large number of smartphone users, a Client/Server architecture is developed to cope with a mass of DGNSS positioning requests efficiently. The comparison of the proposed infrastructure against the ground truth, for all field tests in open areas, showed that the infrastructure achieves the horizontal positioning accuracy better than 2 m. The improvement in accuracy can reach more than 50% for the test in the afternoon. The infrastructure brings benefits to applications that require more accuracy without requiring any hardware modifications.

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Xiaojie Shen, Xiaojie Shen, Jiahao Huo Jiahao Huo, Xian Zhou Xian Zhou, Kangping Zhong Kangping Zhong, Jinhui Yuan Jinhui Yuan, Jiajing Tu Jiajing Tu, Keping Long Keping Long, Changyuan Yu Changyuan Yu, Alan Pak Tao Lau Alan Pak Tao Lau, and Chao Lu Chao Lu. "Performance comparison among three different Stokes vector direct-detection receivers." Chinese Optics Letters 16, no. 10 (2018): 100605. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201816.100605.

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Alghoniemy, Masoud. "Regularized MIMO Decoders." Journal of Communications Software and Systems 5, no. 4 (December 20, 2010): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.24138/jcomss.v5i4.201.

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In the Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO) antenna system, it is known that the Linear Minimum Mean Squared Error (MMSE) receiver is equivalent to Tikhonov regularization.Given that, we develop a family of generalized receivers based on regularization with different penalty functions that penalize the received symbols outside the convex hull of the modulating constellation. For illustration purposes we consider two types of penalty functions, the deadzone and infinity norm penalty functions. The proposed decoders have low complexity and can be implemented efficiently using convex optimization algorithms. Simulation results show that the proposed receivers outperform the MMSE receiver by as high as 5-dB at low Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR).

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Zhao, Lan, and Wen Lei Zhao. "Frequency Characteristics and Conversion of Microwave Photons." Applied Mechanics and Materials 568-570 (June 2014): 1303–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.568-570.1303.

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The microwave frequency conversion technology, also known as mixers, RF and microwave system is the transmitter and the receiver have the basic functions. Microwave photon system, instead of the traditional high-speed optoelectronic devices electronic device to overcome the conventional signal processing electronics in the electronic bottleneck. In this paper, respectively, modulators and optical devices based on nonlinear effects of microwave photon frequency conversion methods are summarized, research and verify the bandpass filter can achieve frequency conversion scheme.

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Guan, Xin, and Cam Nguyen. "A novel CMOS distributed receiver front-end for wireless ultrawideband receivers." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 52, no. 8 (May 18, 2010): 1790–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.25316.

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Zang Wang Thanh, S. U. Uvajsov, and V. V. Chernoverskaya. "DEVELOPMENT OF A METHOD FOR OPTIMAL PLACEMENT OF ELEMENTS ON THE SWITCHING FIELD OF THE PRINTING UNIT IN ORDER TO PROVIDE THE SPECIFIED THERMAL MODES OF RADIO ELECTRONIC MEANS." Bulletin of Dubna International University for Nature, Society, and Man. Series: Natural and engineering sciences, no. 1 (46) (July 20, 2020): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.37005/1818-0744-2020-1-37-47.

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Currently technical design is one of the most important stages of development and production of electronic tools that are widely used in the electronics industry. At the stage of design studies in the framework of solving the problem of improving the quality and reliability of electronic devices manufactured in the form of printed circuit assemblies (PU), receive a constructive implementation and the main performance characteristics of future products.

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Zhao, X., and K. Huang. "Calculation of Probability Distribution of Maximal Received Power of Electronic Receiver in Lightning Electromagnetic Environment." Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications 19, no. 2 (January 2005): 221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1569393054497357.

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Cui, Yiran, and Georgios C. Trichopoulos. "Quasi-Optical Testbed for Wideband THz On-Wafer Measurements." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2019, DPC (January 1, 2019): 001311–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2380-4491-2019-dpc-presentation_tha3_031.

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At mmW and THz band, on-wafer testing is very critical for on-wafer electronics devices and circuits as well as spectroscopy. Nevertheless, current measurement capabilities are limited by contact probe technology and vector network analyzers (VNAs). Recently, we proposed a non-contact method to tackle the issue of using expensive and brittle contact probes. Using quasi-optics and on-chip antennas, the signals from the THz VNA are coupled on the device under test (DUT) with low insertion loss and unmatched repeatability. However, the bandwidth and cutoff frequency limitations of VNAs limit the scope of THz measurements and increase the complexity. State-of-the-art VNAs use external frequency multipliers, namely VNA extenders, to up-convert the VNA signal to the THz band. The problem of using such extenders is three-fold: 1) The maximum cutoff barely breaks it into the THz band, 2) they are bandlimited, and 3) they are extremely expensive due to costs associated with waveguide micromachining and sophisticated semiconductor processes for the electronics. Here, we propose the design of a novel quasi-optical on-wafer testbed that is compatible with photonics-based sources and detectors (e.g., photomixers) and use THz optical components instead of traditional waveguide structures to route the THz signals. With photomixers we can implement cost effective THz sources or receivers that can be efficiently integrated with quasi-optics. They feature a relatively simple topology and operate in a very wide bandwidth, typically from less than 100 GHz to more than 3 THz. Since the optical components are frequency independent, by adopting photomixers as THz emitter and detectors, the proposed quasi-optical system has a potential to achieve ultra-wideband on-wafer measurement capabilities. First, we talk about the design of the quasi-optical coupler consists of two beam splitters, which is used to discriminate between the reference and the measurement signals. Through a rigorous theoretical analysis and experiments we verified a minimum 60 dB isolation and less than 3 dB of insertion loss in the 330–500 GHz band. Then, we discuss how to use this quasi-optical coupler to implement one-port free-space measurements. We also discuss the calibration process and present three calibration standards that eliminate the error terms of the one-port free-space measurement topology. The experimental results we collected from our free-space measurements are shown afterwards. The results for two different DUTs show a good agreement between the measurement and the theoretical reflection coefficients. Next, we present the on-wafer testbed, which is constructed by a quasi-optical coupler and a non-contact probe. We also briefly introduce the on-wafer calibration approach and on-wafer standards. We notice that, in order to couple the THz beam to the on-wafer DUT, all the on-wafer standards and DUTs need to be integrated with probing antennas. Finally, we show the experimental results we obtained from one-port on-wafer measurements. For two different on-wafer DUTs, the measurement results agree with the simulations very well. Besides, with multiple measurements, we also verified that the proposed quasi-optical testbed has a good repeatability.

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Cuypers, G., K. Vanbleu, G. Ysebaert, Marc Moonen, and P. Vandaele. "Combined per tone equalization and receiver windowing in DSL receivers: WiPTEQ." Signal Processing 85, no. 10 (October 2005): 1921–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sigpro.2005.04.003.

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Bullock, Jamie, Lamberto Coccioli, James Dooley, and Tychonas Michailidis. "Live Electronics in Practice: Approaches to training professional performers." Organised Sound 18, no. 2 (July 11, 2013): 170–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355771813000083.

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Teaching live electronic music techniques to instrumental performers presents some interesting challenges. Whilst most higher music education institutions provide opportunities for composers to explore computer-based techniques for live audio processing, it is rare for performers to receive any formal training in live electronic music as part of their study. The first experience of live electronics for many performers is during final preparation for a concert. If a performer is to give a convincing musical interpretation ‘with’ and not simply ‘into’ the electronics, significant insight and preparation are required. At Birmingham Conservatoire we explored two distinct methods for teaching live electronics to performers between 2010 and 2012: training workshops aimed at groups of professional performers, and a curriculum pilot project aimed at augmenting undergraduate instrumental lessons. In this paper we present the details of these training methods followed by the qualitative results of specific case studies and a post-training survey. We discuss the survey results in the context of tacit knowledge gained through delivery of these programmes, and finally suggest recommendations and possibilities for future research.

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GANDOLE, Y. B., S. P. YAWALE, and S. S. YAWALE. "SIMULATION OF PULSER RECEIVER SYSTEM FOR ULTRASONIC MEASUREMENTS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 20, no. 17 (July 10, 2006): 2395–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979206034753.

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The success of modern electronics is built on the possibility to accurately predict system behavior by using simulation tools. This paradigm can be extended to components such as piezoelectric transducers attached to the electronics. The ability to simulate both piezoelectric transducer and electronics together renders possible effective optimizations at system level, i.e. minimizing size, cost and power consumption. In this paper a computer simulation of a combined electronics and piezoelectric transducer system is explored. The analogy between acoustic wave propagation and wave propagation in an electric transmission line is given. The simulation approach is applied to a pulser-receiver setup for the determination of speed of sound and attenuation in liquids. Experiments and simulations are made for fixed temperature and in the frequency range 1–10 MHz using ethanol, methanol, carbon tetrachloride, acetone, benzene and distilled water as test samples. Comparison shows a good agreement between simulation and experiments. Furthermore, the use of an ultrasonic simulation package allows for the development of the associated electronics to amplify and process the received ultrasonic signals.

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Simić, Igor, and Aleksa Zejak. "Compressive receiver in electronic warfare systems." Vojnotehnicki glasnik 47, no. 6 (1999): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/vojtehg9901054s.

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Hamza, Ahmed, Cameron Hill, Hussam AlShammary, and James Buckwalter. "High-Rejection RF Code Domain Receivers for Simultaneous Transmit and Receive Applications." IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 55, no. 7 (July 2020): 1909–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2020.2970718.

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39

Ahn, Dukju, Seong-Min Kim, Sang-Won Kim, Jung-Ick Moon, and In-Kui Cho. "Wireless Power Transfer Receiver With Adjustable Coil Output Voltage for Multiple Receivers Application." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 66, no. 5 (May 2019): 4003–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2018.2833024.

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Janos, Daniel, and Przemysław Kuras. "Evaluation of Low-Cost GNSS Receiver under Demanding Conditions in RTK Network Mode." Sensors 21, no. 16 (August 18, 2021): 5552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21165552.

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Positioning with low-cost GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) receivers is becoming increasingly popular in many engineering applications. In particular, dual-frequency receivers, which receive signals of all available satellite systems, offer great possibilities. The main objective of this research was to evaluate the accuracy of a position determination using low-cost receivers in different terrain conditions. The u-blox ZED-F9P receiver was used for testing, with the satellite signal supplied by both a dedicated u-blox ANN-MB-00 low-cost patch antenna and the Leica AS10 high-precision geodetic one. A professional Leica GS18T geodetic receiver was used to acquire reference satellite data. In addition, on the prepared test base, observations were made using the Leica MS50 precise total station, which provided higher accuracy and stability of measurement than satellite positioning. As a result, it was concluded that the ZED-F9P receiver equipped with a patch antenna is only suitable for precision measurements in conditions with high availability of open sky. However, the configuration of this receiver with a geodetic-grade antenna significantly improves the quality of results, beating even professional geodetic equipment. In most cases of the partially obscured horizon, a high precision positioning was obtained, making the ZED-F9P a valuable alternative to the high-end geodetic receivers in many applications.

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41

Lee, Cheoljae, Hyosik Park, and Ju-Hyuck Lee. "Recent Structure Development of Poly(vinylidene fluoride)-Based Piezoelectric Nanogenerator for Self-Powered Sensor." Actuators 9, no. 3 (July 22, 2020): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act9030057.

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As the internet of things (IoT) era approaches, various sensors, and wireless electronic devices such as smartphones, smart watches, and earphones are emerging. As the types and functions of electronics are diversified, the energy consumption of electronics increases, which causes battery charging and maintenance issues. The piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG) received great attention as an alternative to solving the energy issues of future small electronics. In particular, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) piezoelectric polymer-based PENGs are strong potential candidate with robust mechanical properties and a high piezoelectric coefficient. In this review, we summarize the recent significant advances of the development of PVDF-based PENGs for self-powered energy-harvesting systems. We discuss the piezoelectric properties of the various structures of PVDF-based PENGs such as thin film, microstructure, nanostructure, and nanocomposite.

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Kenington, P. B., D. J. Edwards, and J. P. McGeehan. "Receivers for an electronic ‘beam-squint’ tracking system." IEE Proceedings I Communications, Speech and Vision 136, no. 4 (1989): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-i-2.1989.0043.

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Kang Lingchuan, 亢令川, 王超 Wang Chao, 穆昱 Mu Yu, and 朱义君 Zhu Yijun. "室内多小区可见光通信系统孔径阵列接收机的优化设计." Acta Optica Sinica 41, no. 11 (2021): 1106002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/aos202141.1106002.

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Kaiser, R., D. Trommer, H. Heidrich, F. Fidorra, and M. Hamacher. "Heterodyne receiver PICs as the first monolithically integrated tunable receivers for OFDM system applications." Optical and Quantum Electronics 28, no. 5 (May 1996): 565–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00943626.

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Yang, Wen Xue, Zhe Chen, and Feng Yang. "A Survey of Sensor Technologies for Prognostics and Health Management of Electronic Systems." Applied Mechanics and Materials 602-605 (August 2014): 2229–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.602-605.2229.

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Recently, the field of Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) for electronic products and systems has received increasing attention due to the potentialities to provide early warning of system failures, reduce life cycle costs, and forecast maintenance as needed. This paper introduces the sensors and their sensor technologies. The required attributes of sensors for the development for PHM of electronics are discussed. Finally, their trends in sensor systems are presented.

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Yuancheng Cai, Yuancheng Cai, Yun Ling Yun Ling, Xiang Gao Xiang Gao, Bo Xu Bo Xu, and Kun Qiu Kun Qiu. "Application of Kramers–Kronig receiver in SSB-OFDM-RoF link." Chinese Optics Letters 17, no. 1 (2019): 010605. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201917.010605.

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Mei Li, 梅理, 崇毓华 Chong Yuhua, 朱宇鹏 Zhu Yupeng, 彭卫 Peng Wei, and 王冰 Wang Bing. "基于可调光延迟线的微波光子零中频接收机研究." Chinese Journal of Lasers 48, no. 9 (2021): 0906001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/cjl202148.0906001.

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Zhou, Honglei, Weiyang Qin, Qingmin Yu, Huanyu Cheng, Xudong Yu, and Huaping Wu. "Transfer Printing and its Applications in Flexible Electronic Devices." Nanomaterials 9, no. 2 (February 18, 2019): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9020283.

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Flexible electronic systems have received increasing attention in the past few decades because of their wide-ranging applications that include the flexible display, eyelike digital camera, skin electronics, and intelligent surgical gloves, among many other health monitoring devices. As one of the most widely used technologies to integrate rigid functional devices with elastomeric substrates for the manufacturing of flexible electronic devices, transfer printing technology has been extensively studied. Though primarily relying on reversible interfacial adhesion, a variety of advanced transfer printing methods have been proposed and demonstrated. In this review, we first summarize the characteristics of a few representative methods of transfer printing. Next, we will introduce successful demonstrations of each method in flexible electronic devices. Moreover, the potential challenges and future development opportunities for transfer printing will then be briefly discussed.

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Feron, Krishna, Rebecca Lim, Connor Sherwood, Angela Keynes, Alan Brichta, and Paul Dastoor. "Organic Bioelectronics: Materials and Biocompatibility." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 8 (August 13, 2018): 2382. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19082382.

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Organic electronic materials have been considered for a wide-range of technological applications. More recently these organic (semi)conductors (encompassing both conducting and semi-conducting organic electronic materials) have received increasing attention as materials for bioelectronic applications. Biological tissues typically comprise soft, elastic, carbon-based macromolecules and polymers, and communication in these biological systems is usually mediated via mixed electronic and ionic conduction. In contrast to hard inorganic semiconductors, whose primary charge carriers are electrons and holes, organic (semi)conductors uniquely match the mechanical and conduction properties of biotic tissue. Here, we review the biocompatibility of organic electronic materials and their implementation in bioelectronic applications.

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Hunt, Pihel, Äli Leijen, and Marieke van der Schaaf. "Automated Feedback Is Nice and Human Presence Makes It Better: Teachers’ Perceptions of Feedback by Means of an E-Portfolio Enhanced with Learning Analytics." Education Sciences 11, no. 6 (June 4, 2021): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci11060278.

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While there is now extensive research on feedback in the context of higher education, including pre-service teacher education, little has been reported regarding the use of feedback from teachers to other teachers. Moreover, literature on the potential advantages that the use of technology, for example electronic portfolios and learning analytics, has in improving feedback in the in-service workplace practices, is also sparse. Therefore, the aim of this exploratory case study was to explore how in-service teachers perceived the peer feedback they received and provided through a web-based electronic portfolio during a professional development course carried out in their workplace. Questionnaire and interview data were collected from 38 teachers who received feedback through a learning analytics enhanced electronic portfolio and from 23 teachers who received feedback only by the electronic portfolio. Additionally, one individual and four focus group interviews were conducted with 15 teachers who were the feedback providers. Several common topics were identified in the interviews with the feedback receivers and providers, involving the benefits and challenges of human interaction and the flexibility of the feedback process that the electronic portfolio offered. The results also revealed better feedback experience within the group of teachers who received extra feedback by means of learning analytics. It is concluded that although an electronic portfolio provides a useful tool in terms of flexibility in the provision and receipt of feedback, the need for human interaction was acknowledged.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Receivers (Electronics)'

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