Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Récepteur Acétylcholine Nicotinique'
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Chatrenet, Benoît. "Etude topographique des sites agonistes du récepteur nicotinique de l'acétylcholine à l'aide de dérives photoactivables de neurotoxine et d'agonistes synthétiques." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990STR13036.
Full textGiraudat, Jérôme. "Etude de l'organisation fonctionnelle des chaines polypeptidiques du récepteur nicotinique de l'acétylcholine." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066403.
Full textCartereau, Alison. "Caractérisation des sous-types de récepteurs nicotiniques neuronaux d'insectes et étude de la modulation de leurs profils pharmacologiques par les insecticides néonicotinoïdes." Thesis, Orléans, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ORLE2031/document.
Full textThe intensive use of insecticides against crop pests and vectors of human and animal leads to several polemics about their mode of action. All these controversies are related to the fact that the mode of action of insecticides in insects is poorly unknown, in particular neonicotinoids which act on nicotinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptors (nAChR).During this PhD thesis, we characterized for the first time the pharmacological properties of a cockroach ⍺7 homomeric receptor in a xenopus oocyte. Our results revealed that cockroach ⍺7 in an atypical receptor that is insensitive to ⍺-bungarotoxin and not activated by neonicotinoids. Cockroach and rat ⍺7 receptors which are included in the same cluster have distinct pharmacological properties. We then studied the pharmacological properties of native receptors, in particular, the modulatory effect of permethrin on dinotefuran-induced currents. This work was included in the study of Vectra 3D. We also evaluated the use of insect central nervous system membrane extraction as a strategy to study the pharmacological properties of insect native nAChRs.To conclude, this PhD contribute to the study of the pharmacological properties of insect nAChRs and the study of the mode of action of neonicotinoids insecticides
Che, Christian. "Marqueurs d'affinité du site acétylcholine des récepteurs nicotiniques neuronaux." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR13014.
Full textQuinlivan, Mitchell. "Rôles du système cholinergique dans le disfonctionnement cognitif associé à la maladie Alzheimer et évaluation d'outils pour l'imagerie moléculaire." Tours, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOUR3324.
Full textCholinergic neuron degeneration is a prominent hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Using a specific immunotoxin (SAP), basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in the rat were lesioned, as assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC), to model this facet of AD. Behavioural testing, utilising models with two different routes of SAP administration, further demonstrated the necessity of this system for normal attentional function and its relatively minor role in mnemonic function, cognitive domains greatly affected by AD. Studies with radioligands specific for the nicotinic receptor (nAChR) or the Vesicular Acetylcholine Transporter were both able to demonstrate the lesion validated by IHC, the first time a nAChR radioligand has done this in a SAP model. Although eventually it was unable to be used for the in vivo continuation of this work, studies for the development of a small-animal molecular imaging system initially intended for such a continuation are also reported
Gallezot, Jean-Dominique. "Quantification in vivo des récepteurs nicotiniques à l' acétylcholine cerébraux par tomographie d'émission de position." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066034.
Full textMaubourguet, Nicolas. "Contrôle nicotinique du système dopaminergique et du comportement d'exploration." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066197.
Full textLe, Magueresse Corentin. "Etude de la contribution des récepteurs nicotiniques de l'acétylcholine à la modulation de l'activité synaptique et des synchronisations de neurones dans le cortex hippocampique immature." Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077125.
Full textNicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) belong to the superfamily of ligand-gated ion channels. NAChR activation by endogenous or exogenous ligands, such as nicotine, régulates numerous cerebral functions. In particular, nAChRs participate to the functional maturation of the brain. The first week of postnatal development is a critical period for the maturation of glutamatergic neurotransmission in the hippocampus. The whole-cell configuration of the patch-clamp technique was used to study low-release probability glutamatergic synapses between Schaffer collaterals and CA1 pyramidal cells in rodent hippocampal slices. We observe that a brief application of nicotine, acting on presynaptic α7 nAChRs persistently increases the probability of release. We show that calcium release from presynaptic calcium stores modulates glutamate release from Schaffer collaterals and that presynaptic calcium-induced calcium release contributes to the nicotinic potentiation. Besides, in the immature hippocampus, spontaneous waves of correlated neuronal activity contribute to wire hippocampal circuits. We show that nicotine facilitate neuron synchronizations in the immature hippocampus. We find that early in postnatal life α7-and β2-containing nAChRs exert a fine regional modulation of spontaneous GABAergic and glutamatergic transmission that underlies nicotine-elicited changes in network synchronization
Gendrel, Marie. "Analyse de l'agrégation des récepteurs de l'acétylcholine à la jonction neuromusculaire de Caenorhabditis elegans." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066738.
Full textDurand-de, Cuttoli Romain. "Modulation nicotinique des neurones dopaminergiques de l'aire tegmentale ventrale : une approche optogénétique et opto-pharmacologique." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS421/document.
Full textNicotine addiction is a condition that affects one third of the world's adult population and is often associated with other psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, mood- and stress-related disorders. Every year, nearly 8 million people die from the consequences of tobacco use. This pathology is the leading cause of preventable death in the world. This phenomenon of tobacco dependence is induced by nicotine, the main addictive and psychoactive substance in tobacco, which acts on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and thus hijacks the normal functioning of various neuronal circuits. Acute nicotine directly acts on nAChRs and activates neural networks. In the longer term, it will induce synaptic plasticity and disrupt endogenous nicotinic transmission. In particular, nicotine disrupts the dopaminergic system, a key player in reinforcement learning, motivation and reward evaluation. These neural changes not only lead to reinforcement but also to a disruption of different behavioral traits such as decision-making, exploration, vulnerability to stress, etc. These relationships between symptoms and features could explain the strong comorbidities observed between substance abuse, and particularly tobacco addiction, and other pathologies such as stress-related disorders. During this thesis, I first addressed the neurophysiological bases underlying these comorbidities, by proposing dopamine as a common substrate for the effects of social stress, nicotine and associated decision-making disorders (impulsivity, reward sensitivity, risk assessment, etc.). I have shown that the increase in dopamine neuron activity observed after exposure to nicotine or social stress is responsible for disrupting choice behavior in mice. Indeed, we could reproduce these behavioral maladaptations by artificially increasing the activity level of dopaminergic neurons using optogenetic stimuli. The dissection of the mechanisms by which nicotine diverts neuronal circuits is currently hampered by a lack of tools for selective, reversible, spatially and temporally precise manipulation of the molecular players involved. A second part of my thesis work consisted in the in vivo implementation in mice of optogenetic pharmacology for nAChR. The photoinhibition of beta2-containing nAChRs revealed the impact of endogenous cholinergic modulation on the activity of dopaminergic neurons. We could optically inhibit the response of these same neurons to acute intravenous injection of nicotine and the associated reinforcement in a task of conditioned place preference for nicotine
Courjaret, Raphaël. "Caractérisation des mécanismes de régulation intracellulaires des récepteurs de l'acétylcholine de type nicotinique résistants à l'α-bungarotoxine exprimés sur les dorsal unpaired median (DUM) neurones de la blatte Periplaneta americana." Angers, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ANGE0001.
Full textThe α-bungarotoxin-resistant nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) expressed on the cell bodies of neurosecretory cells (DUM neurones) isolated from the terminal abdominal ganglia of the cockroach Periplaneta americana were studied using the patch-clamp technique (whole-cell recording configuration) and intracellular calcium imaging. These results demonstrate new characteristics of insect nAChRs. Two distinct nAChRs subtypes (nAChR1 et nAChR2) were characterised. These two receptors can be separated according to their pharmacological and electrophysiological properties and subtype-specific intracellular modulations (phosphorylation/dephosphorylation). First, the intracellular cAMP concentration controls both the activity of a protein kinase (PKA) and a protein phosphatase (PP1/2A) that modulate in opposite directions nAChR1. Second, the calcium/calmodulin complex (CaM) modulates adenylate cyclase and activates a CaM kinase II. This latter enzyme potentiates nAChR1 function partly through the inhibition of the PP1/2A. Third, we identified two distinct PKC that differentialy "up- and down-" regulate nAChR1 function (PKC1 and PKC2). These enzymes are related to the "classical" (PKC1) and "atypical (PKC2) PKC subtypes. Using the calcium-sensitive probe fura 2 we shown that the activation of M1 muscarinic receptor leads to an increase in intracellular calcium concentration and modulates PKC1 and PKC2 activities. The effects of the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid were also studied. In physiological conditions, this compound only activates nAChR1 and its efficiency is affected by intracellular phosphorylation/dephosphorylation processes. The functional characteristics of nAChR2 can explain its insensivity to imidacloprid. The ionic channel of nAChR2 is permeable to potassium ions and open in physiological conditions. This channel closes following agonist application. NAChR2 might therefore represent a new kind of ionotropic receptor with an open channel in resting conditions that is closed when the receptor is activated
Mesnage, Bruce. "Système cholinergique et modulation de la transmission nociceptive spinale." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAJ122/document.
Full textIn the spinal cord dorsal horn (SCDH), endogenous acetylcholine (ACh) acts as a powerful analgesia, of clinical use. Though its source and mechanisms remain unravelled, this analgesia probably lies in a plexus of cholinergic fibers (PCF) located in the SCDH and of undetermined origin. In this context, we established that the PCF mainly originates from a spinal population of cholinergic interneurons, fully characterized in this work. These are, thus, the likely substrate of the spinal cholinergic analgesia.Besides, ACh receptors (AChR) partly mediate the analgesic acute effects of morphine. In this work, we also observed that a chronically-administered AChR agonist reproduces as well the pro-algesic effects of morphine in the same conditions. Thus, ACh appears as a possible intermediary or a final effecter of the morphine pain pathways.Our data suggest that the cholinergic system could become a new putative therapeutic target in pain management and treatment
Niane, Lalah Malika. "Neurotransmission par l'acétylcholine et l'adénosine tri-phosphate dans le contrôle périphérique de la respiration chez le rat en développement : rôle des récepteurs nicotiniques et P2X." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29191/29191.pdf.
Full textBernard, Véronique. "Contrôle de l'acétylchline des neurones striataux : étude anatomique et fonctionnelle par hybridation in situ et immunohistochimie." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR28263.
Full textColomer, Claude. "Plasticité des voies de communications intercellulaires dans la glande médullosurrénale en réponse au stress." Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20177.
Full textAn increase in circulating catecholamine levels is one of the mechanisms whereby organisms cope with stress. In the periphery, catecholamines mainly originate from the sympathoadrenal system. The secretion of catecholamines by adrenal chromaffin cells is a key event in response to stressors and it is chiefly controlled by trans-synaptically released acetylcholine from the splanchnic nerve endings. As supported by earlier results obtained in the laboratory, in addition to the central control through cholinergic innervation, a local gap junction-delineated route mediating intercellular electrical coupling between chromaffin cells is involved in the hormonal secretory process and represents an efficient complement to synaptic transmission able to amplify catecholamine release after synaptic stimulation. Whether these two communication pathways (i. E. Synaptic neurotransmission and gap junctional coupling) contribute to stress-evoked increased catecholamine secretion still remains unknown. We addressed this issue using acute adrenal slices from stressed rats (5 day-cold exposure). Our results show that in cold exposed rats, gap junctional communication undergoes a functional plasticity, as evidenced by an increased number of dye-coupled cells. Of a physiological interest is that this up-regulation results in the appearance of a robust electrical coupling between chromaffin cells that allows the transmission of action potentials between coupled cells. This enhancement of gap junctional communication parallels an increase in expression levels of connexin36 and connexin43 proteins. Both transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms are involved since Cx36 transcripts are increased in stressed rats and the expression of the scaffolding protein Zonula Occludens-1, known to interact with both Cx36 and Cx43, is also up-regulated. Consistent with an up-regulated coupling in stressed rats, the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) rise triggered in a single cell by an iontophoretic application of nicotine occurs simultaneously in several neighboring cells. We also showed that in response to stress, both chromaffin cell excitability and chemical transmission at the splanchnic nerve terminal-chromaffin cell synapses are increased. We next investigated whether vasopressin (VP), a neuropeptide known to play a key role in stress response, could be involved in increased gap junctional communication in stressed rats. Our results show that VP and d[Leu4,Lys8]VP, a V1b receptor specific agonist, increase the occurrence of gap junction-mediated synchronized [Ca2+]i transients between chromaffin cells, both in stressed and unstressed rats. This suggests that, although VP can up-regulate gap junctional coupling, it is unlikely the main factor involved in increased gap junctional communication observed in response to stress. Exposure to cold also enhances the synaptic neurotransmission between splanchnic nerve endings and chromaffin cells, as evidenced by an increase in spontaneous excitatory post-synaptic currents (sEPSCs). This correlates with an increased density of nerve fibers innervating the medulla. To go further, we examined whether the nAChR subtype formed by the combination of alpha9 and alpha10 subunits recently identified in isolated rat chromaffin cells is involved in this effect. By using a toxin (alpha-RgIa) to specifically block alpha9/alpha10 nAChRs, we showed that alpha9 /alpha10 nAChRs contribute to synaptic transmission. Interestingly, the expression level of alpha9 receptors is up-regulated in cold exposed rats. In addition, we show that in stressed rats, alpha9 /alpha10 nAChRs mainly contribute to acetylcholine-induced currents, as compared to alpha3 nAChRs that is the main nicotinic receptor activated in response to acetylcholine in control rats. This indicates that stress also induces nAChR plasticity, at least by acting on the expression level. In sum, the functional changes occurring both on gap junctional communication and on synaptic transmission converge to improve the stimulus-secretion coupling efficiency in the adrenal gland and may represent endogenous mechanisms by which the adrenal medullary tissue ensures appropriate increased catecholamine secretion in response to stressors
Aldbah, Zainab. "Studies on the extra-neuronal cholinergic system in HIV-1 infection." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19157.
Full textAcetylcholine (ACh) is an important neurotransmitter produced in the nervous system. However, the molecule is also produced by non-neuronal cells in the body. CD4+ T cells, the main targets of HIV-1, produce it abundantly. ACh exerts its effects on cells via its nicotinic (n) and muscarinic (m) receptors that are expressed on both immune and non-immune cells in the body. ACh is well known to exert anti-inflammatory effects on immune cells. The main receptor that is indispensable for the anti-inflammatory effects of ACh is the α7 nicotinic receptor. Another molecule, secreted by activated T cells and by other cells is SLURP-1 (Secreted Ly6/uPAR-related Protein-1), which acts as an allosteric ligand for α7 and fine tunes the effects of ACh on T cells. Little is known as to how this extra-neuronal cholinergic system (ENCS) is regulated in HIV-infected individuals. Our results show that the circulating levels of ACh and SLURP-1 do not change significantly in HIV-infected individuals, as compared to the circulating levels in healthy controls. Interestingly, higher levels of these soluble mediators were detected in HIV-infected long-term non-progressors (LTNP) who control the viral replication for more than seven years without any chemotherapy. It is tempting to speculate that the increase in levels of these two soluble mediators of the ENCS present in HIV-infected LTNPs may play a role in their ability to control HIV replication. The results from this study show that an α7 agonist decreased HIV replication, whereas a receptor antagonist increased its replication in vitro in human PHA blasts. Furthermore, hemicholinium (HC-3), a compound that inhibits the ability of the cells to produce ACh, by competing with their uptake of choline, increases the viral replication. The expression of the α7 receptor on peripheral blood CD4+ T cells, but not on monocytes, was significantly reduced (p<0.01) in HIV-infected individuals, and it was not fully restored by antiretroviral therapy (ART). Interestingly, the expression of the β2 adrenergic receptor was decreased significantly (p<0.01) on both monocytes and CD4+ T cells in HIV-infected individuals. These cells respond to norepinephrine via this receptor and secrete ACh. Overall, the results of this study suggest that HIV causes significant modulation of different components of the ENCS in virus-infected individuals. This system could be manipulated to reduce viral replication and inflammation in these patients.