Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Recepteur cellule t'
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Halary, Franck. "Etude des lymphocytes t gamma/delta humains : aspect du controle des fonctions biologiques et de la specificite antigenique (doctorat : immunologie)." Nantes, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NANT10VS.
Full textTILLOY, FLORENCE. "Etude des sous-populations lymphocytaires t exprimant les chaines alpha invariantes du tcr : ontogenie des cellules t-nk et mise en evidence d'une nouvelle sous-population conservee chez les mammiferes." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05N097.
Full textMancini, Stéphane. "Différenciation des lymphocytes T et recombinaison des gènes du TCR : quel rôle pour le pré-TCR dans la régulation du réarrangement des gènes codant pour la chaîne [alpha] du TCR ?" Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE10116.
Full textVigan, Finlin Ines Nadège. "Caractéristiques phénotypiques et fonctionnelles des lymphocytes T intra-hépatiques et périphériques au cours de l'hépatite virale chronique C." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE10117.
Full textCHEVALIER, SYLVIE. "Etude de la tolerance induite par des transfusions sanguines dans un modele de rat : etude de la forme soluble du recepteur a l'il2 dans un modele de rat, etude du deuxieme recepteur t : tcr gamma/delta chez l'homme." Nantes, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NANT2011.
Full textHoghoughi, Neda. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle d'une nouvelle translocation t(3;5)(q21;q31), ciblant le gène du récepteur aux glucocorticoïde et un ARN non-codant, dans la leucémie aigüe à cellules plasmocytoides dendritiques." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENV073/document.
Full textBlastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is an incurable malignancy for which disease mechanisms are unknown. Here, we identify the NR3C1 gene (5q31), encoding the glucocorticoid receptor (GCR), and a long, intergenic, non-coding RNA gene (named here lincRNA-3q), respectively, as targets for genetic alteration or transcriptional deregulation in BPDCN. NR3C1 translocation/deletion was associated to critically short survival in BPDCN and to abnormal activity of GCR, EZH2, and FOXP3 gene regulatory networks. LincRNA-3q, was found to encode a nuclear, non- coding RNA that is ectopically activated in BPDCN and high-risk AML. Depletion of lincRNA-3q in myeloid cancer cells induced cell cycle arrest, coincident to suppression of E2F1/Rb and leukemia stem cell-specific gene expression signatures. BET bromodomain protein inhibition could selectively suppress lincRNA-3q indicating a treatment strategy for counteracting oncogenic activity of this non- coding RNA. Thus, this work defines a new framework for understanding disease pathogenesis and treatment resistance in BPDCN
Moisan, Jean-Paul. "Etude et caracterisation de marqueurs genetiques specifiques du chromosome x humain (suivi de) etude des rearrangements du recepteur a l'antigene, sur des lymphocites t actives in vivo." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13231.
Full textLe, Paslier Denis. "Genetique moleculaire de deux familles multigeniques primordiales pour l'immunite : les genes des recepteurs des cellules t pour l'antigene et le complexe majeur d'histocompatibilite chez l'homme." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA077104.
Full textMathieu-Mahul, Danièle. "Analyse moleculaire d'anomalies chromosomiques specifiques d'hemopathies malignes humaines." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA077133.
Full textAIFANTIS, IOANNIS. "Analyse du role du recepteur pre-tcr dans le developpement des cellules t." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05N085.
Full textCohen-Kaminsky, Sylvia. "Analyse de composants cellulaires et moleculaires du microenvironnement thymique chez l'homme : interet dans l'etude du role du thymus dans la myasthenie." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066157.
Full textPalmer, M. S. "Studies on the murine T-cell receptor." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379915.
Full textEDOUARD, PHILIPPE. "Developpement thymo-independant et selection negative des cellules t exprimant le recepteur t alpha-beta dans l'epithelium intestinal." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU31504.
Full textDushek, Omer. "Mathematical modeling in cellular immunology: T cell activation and parameter estimation." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/2894.
Full textHerr, Florence. "Rôle de l'interleukine 2 sur la cellule dendritique." Thesis, Tours, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUR3305/document.
Full textHuman dendritic cells (DC) express interleukin 2 (IL-2) receptor α-chain (CD25), but the role of IL-2 in DC is poorly understood. In this work, we explored the effects of IL-2 on monocyte-derived DC. First, we demonstrated the constitutional expression of β and γ chain of IL-2R on DC, while the α-chain was inducible by LPS and TNFα. Then we found that IL-2 does not affect DC phenotype and apoptosis but increases IFN-γ synthesis in DC through activation of transcription factor STAT5. Moreover we reported that IL-2 increases the ability of DC to activate allogeneic CD4+ T cells and helpless CD8+ T lymphocytes, most likely because of IL-2–triggered IFN-γ synthesis. We have not been able to demonstrate the endogenous secretion of IL-2 by DC, however anti-CD25 decreased allostimulatory capacity of DC in the absence of exogenous IL-2.In summary, we disclose that IL-2 induces DC functional maturation and activation. Interestingly, our study suggests a direct effect of anti-CD25 monoclonal antibodies on DC and that CD25 expression regulation on human DC could be used to control immune response in vivo
Sawicka, Anna. "Aspects biophysiques de l'activation des cellules T." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCB079.
Full textT cells play many roles in the adaptive immune response: they stimulate B cells for the production of antibodies; they secrete cytokines, which guide the action of other immune cells; they kill infected or mutated cells of the body; they assure the immune memory, staying ready to respond upon another infection with the same pathogen. All T cells activate when they recognise their specific antigen: a short peptide presented on the major histocompatibility complex on the surface of the antigen-presenting cell. The binding of the T cell receptor (TCR) to this antigen triggers a cascade of signalling events inside the T cell, resulting in cytoskeleton modifications, changes in the expression levels of different genes, and proliferation. One of the early responses of T cells to the antigen recognition is force generation. T cells, upon TCR triggering, push and pull on the antigen-presenting cell. Although the body of research concerning these forces has been recently growing, their nature and role is still largely unknown. The goal of my PhD project was to characterise the pushing and pulling forces generated by T cells. I measured the forces with the micropipette force probe, which uses a glass micropipette as a cantilever of known bending stiffness. The technique allowed to measure the maximal force generated by T cells and the speed at which T cells generated forces (force rate), and, simultaneously, to track the morphology of cells as seen from the side. These experiments revealed that human primary resting CD4+ T cells, when activated with antibodies against CD3 and CD28 molecules, followed a sequence of morphology changes and force generation. This sequence was qualitatively the same for CD4+ T lymphoblasts, a model of effector T cells. The sequence was then studied in the biological context of T cell activation. As different antigen-presenting cells, with which T cells interact in the body, were shown to have different mechanical properties, I varied the bending stiffness of the micropipette probe, to measure the response of T cells to targets of different stiffness. The force rate changed with this bending stiffness, indicating that force generation in T cell activation is a mechanosensitive process. Next, the conditions necessary for force generation were investigated. Binding to antibodies against CD45 molecule did not result in force generation, suggesting that force generation is specific to TCR triggering. To dissect the contribution of the different components of the actin cytoskeleton to the process, T cells were treated with different cytoskeleton inhibitors. The largest influence was found with SMIFH2, an inhibitor of formins, suggesting an important role for formins in force generation in early T cell activation. This work contributes to the understanding of the biophysical aspects of T cell activation. It shows that force generation is incorporated into the early events of the activation process, and is directly influenced by the stiffness of the T cell target. Further work is needed to link the force generation with the signalling pathways induced by TCR triggering, to explain the molecular basis of T cell mechanosensitivity. This link will open the possibility of functional studies of forces in T cell activation, to answer the open questions regarding the function of T cells in physiology and pathology of the immune system
AMMAR, ADLEN. "Caracterisation biologique et biochimique et mode d'action d'une proteine immunosuppressive (p29) produite par les cellules adherentes de sujets vih+." Paris 11, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA115004.
Full textChen, Zhu. "Etude de la structure du gene codant pour la chaine gamma du recepteur des cellules t chez l'homme." Paris 7, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA077032.
Full textSimons, Donald Mark Lelkes Peter I. "A dissection of T cell receptor signaling pathways in primary human T cells activated in the rotating-wall vessel bioreactor /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1860/2522.
Full textLamontagne-Blouin, Christopher. "Modulation of T cell antigen receptor signaling in CD8+ T lymphocytes following priming with homeostatic and inflammatory cytokines." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6325.
Full textMaekawa, Akiko Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine UNSW. "Characterisation of the immune co-receptor function of CD4." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Medical Sciences, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/40498.
Full textNavas, Penaherrera Victor Hugo. "Characterization of T cell development and function in a mouse strain expressing the mutant scaffold protein SLP76-S376A." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066677.
Full textThe hematopoietic specific adapter protein SLP-76 is a key element of signal transduction pathways downstream of the T cell receptor (TCR). Analysis of SLP-76-deficient T cell lines and SLP-76 knockout mice showed that SLP-76 is indispensable for T cell development and for responsiveness of mature T cells. Previous work of our laboratory using T cell lines led to the identification and characterization of a negative-feedback loop involving SLP-76, which modulates TCR-dependent signaling and T cell activation. However, the physiological significance of this regulatory mechanism was not addressed thus far. The aim of this PhD thesis is to address the function of this regulatory mechanism in vivo by analyzing T cell function in a recently generated “knock-in” mouse strain expressing a SLP-76-S376A mutant. Based on previous results, this mutant was expected to disrupt the SLP-76-dependent negative feedback loop. I show here that expression of SLP-76-S376A does not result in significant phenotypic alterations of thymocytes or mature T cell subsets, suggesting that this mutant does not significantly affect T cell development. Furthermore, no differences were observed in proliferation rates or activation-induced cell death of mutant T cells compared to controls, and the expression of surface activation markers was only slightly affected. However, an increased activation of several signaling proteins was observed in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells stimulated in vitro, in line with previous results in human T cell lines. In vitro activated CD4+ T cells showed a significant increase in secretion of interleukin-4 and -5, whereas other cytokines like interleukin-2 and interferon- appeared unaffected. These results, suggest that tuning of TCR-dependent signaling by the SLP-76-dependent negative feedback loop may favor Th2-type responses, with potential consequences in specific pathologies such as asthma or parasite infections. Thus, we have employed an experimental model of asthma to evaluate the eosinophil response in vivo. Indeed, preliminary results showed that asthma-inducing antigen challenged mutant mice recruit significantly more eosinophils to the lung compared to control mice. Taken together, these data suggest that SLP76-S376A T cells comprise modulations in proximal TCR signal transduction that may generate a bias towards production of Th2-cytokines in response to TCR stimulation
Araujo, Felipe Saldanha de. "Avaliação fenotípica dos linfócitos T em um modelo animal de deficiência de ferro." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/60/60135/tde-17052007-094115/.
Full textIron have a crucial role in several metabolic pathways, such oxygen transport, steroid hormone synthesis, cellular respiration, electron transport, DNA synthesis, cellular proliferation and differentiation and genic regulation. The iron deficiency is most common disorder nutrition, affecting about 30% world population. Deficits in iron functional compartment have serious delays about immunity systems, especially in the cellular immunity. Because of environmental problems, age, deficiency of nutrients other than iron, prevalence of infection, which may make human studies difficult, we used an animal model. This work aimed established iron deficiency induction and recuperation in mouse, for study about immune systems alteration. Iron deficiency was induced by feeding mice a diet that contained only 5 mg Fe/Kg for 4 and 8 weeks. After this period were determined: hemoglobin (colorimetry), hematocrit (microhematocrit), liver iron stores (atomic absorption spectrophotometer) and we performed a flow cytometry analyses in peripheral blood and spleen lymphocytes in control (C) and iron deficient (ID) mouse. We defined the effects of iron deficiency on T-cell subset and expression of cell-surface transferrin receptor (CD71+) in these cells. Hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit of ID mice were not difference those of C mice, but iron stores of ID mice (4 and 8 weeks) were reduced (p< 0,05 and p< 0,01; respectively). Although T-cells subsets in peripheral blood and spleen were not altered, iron deficiency significantly increased the number of spleen T CD8+ cells that express CD 71+ (p< 0,001). Data suggest that depletion of iron storage not alter T-cells subsets and spleen T CD8+ is the most sensible subset in iron deficiency.
Yeo, Tiong Chia. "Nijmegen breakage syndrome : role of nibrin in antigen receptor gene rearrangement and cellular responses to ionizing radiation /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8340.
Full textSalim, Mahboob. "Understanding the molecular basis of γδ T cell receptor ligand recognition in cellular stress surveillance." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2013. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4537/.
Full textAl, Dulaimi Dina. "Développement et fonction des cellules INKT." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC116.
Full textInvariant natural killer cells T (iNKT) constitute a particular population of unconventional LT which expresses a semi-invariant TCRαβ receptor composed of the Vα14-Jα18 chain associated with the Vβ8, -7 or -2 chains in mice and which develops in the thymus. Thus, iNKT cells are able to recognize glycolipid antigens via their TCR presented by a non-polymorphic class I molecule: CD1d. These cells are known to be involved in various immune responses because of their ability to rapidly produce cytokines. However, like conventional SP T CD4+ lymphocytes, iNKT cells can differentiate into three phenotypes: Th1, -2 and -17. The iNKT1 subset also named conventional iNKT cells expresses receptors belonging to the NK lineage, is mainly located in the liver, thymus and spleen and produces mainly IFN-. The iNKT2 subset which until now remains insufficiently described, is localized preferentially in the lungs and produces mainly IL-4 and IL-13. The iNKT17 subset has been characterized in our laboratory as a subset of iNKT cells expressing the RORt transcription factor and capable of secreting IL-17 in response to IL-1 and IL-23 and located mainly in the peripheral lymph nodes and the skin. To date, only the development of conventional iNKT cells is well known while that of iNKT17 cells remains unknown. Thus, having noticed the low distribution of the iNKT17 cells present in the thymus of the C57BL/6 mouse compared to other iNKT cell subset, we were initially interested in explaining the causes of this poor distribution of this subset, as well as to define the acquisition sequence of its markers during its thymic development and peripheral migration. The results show that these cells have no defect of proliferation or response to cytokines of homeostasis that can explain their lower number in the thymus. In contrast, we found a lack of thymic accumulation of these cells that have the ability to migrate peripherally, accompanied by increased sensitivity to death by apoptosis and decreased expression of survival factors such as Bcl-2 which can explain their reduced number. Analyzes of their development at early stages showed a pre-established bias of their low number from the CD44- stage. The study of their ontogeny has shown a sequential acquisition kinetics of CCR6 and CD138 markers to establish for the first time a model of thymic maturation of this iNKT subset which was still unknown
BEN, ARIBIA MOHAMED-HABIB. "Role de l'interleukine 2 et de son recepteur dans l'activite des lymphocytes t et des cellules nk du sang peripherique humain." Paris 6, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA066398.
Full textMartin, Eric. "Assemblage et transport du recepteur a l'antigene des lymphocytes t : etude du controle de l'association entre tcralpha.beta/cd3gamma.delta.epsilon et l'homodimere zeta au sein de cellules t leucemiques humaines." Toulouse 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU30226.
Full textMontane, Valérie. "Lymphome T cutané et lymphadénite dermatopathique : intérêt diagnostique et pronostique des méthodes moléculaires : à propos de seize observations." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR23091.
Full textZeboudj, Lynda. "Exploration et modulation du récepteur à l’EGF au cours du développement de l’athérosclérose." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB262.
Full textBackground: Several Epidermal Growth Factor receptor (EGF-R) inhibitors have been successfully developed for the treatment of cancer, inhibiting tumor cell survival, proliferation and migration. EGF-R is expressed by leucocytes, but little is known about its role in the modulation of the immune response. The first part of the projet is to determine whether EGFR expressed on myeloid cells is functional, and to address the consequences of EGFR inhibition specifically in myeloid cells on atherosclerosis. The second part is to explore the expression of EGF-R on CD4+ T cells, and to study the effects of the specific EGF-R invalidation on CD4+ T cells during atherosclerosis development. Methods and results: Ldlr-/- mice were orally treated with a specific EGFR inhibitor (Erlotinib, 15mg/kg) for 6 weeks, under a high fat diet. EGFR pharmacological inhibition reduced T cell infiltration, decreases macrophage accumulation within atherosclerotic lesions, and thus, protected against atherosclerosis development in the aortic sinus. In parallel, we generated chimeric Ldlr-/- mice. Ldlr-/- mice were lethally irradiated and reconstituted with LysMCre+ EgfrLox/lox or LysM Cre- EgfrLox/lox bone marrow cells. In addition, irradiated Ldlr-/- mice were also reconstituted with bone marrow from Cd4Cre Egfrlox/lox , or Cd4Cre Egfr+/+ and put under a high fat diet. Animal weight and cholesterolemia were not different between groups. We observed a decrease of atherosclerosis plaque size in the aortic sinus in chimeric Ldlr-/-/LysMCre+ EgfrLox/lox and Ldlr-/-Cd4Cre Egfrlox/lox mice in comparison with chimeric Ldlr-/-/LysMCre- EgfrLox/lox, and Ldlr-/-Cd4Cre Egfr+/+ respectively. Myeloid invalidation of EGFR and pharmacological inhibition using AG-1478, a specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor, affected cytoskeleton reorganization limiting macrophage adhesion, spreading and migration. EGF-R blockage significantly reduced lipid uptake and foam cell formation through the down-regulation of CD36 expression. Selective deletion of Egfr in CD4+ T cells resulted in decreased T cell proliferation and activation both in vitro and in vivo, as well as reduced IFN-γ, IL-17A, IL-4 and IL-10 production. Finally, human blood T cells expressed EGFR and EGFR inhibition reduced T cell proliferation both in vivo and in vitro. Conclusion. EGFR is expressed by human and mouse CD4+ T cells. EGFR pharmacological inhibition or genetic invalidation induced T cell anergy in vitro and in vivo, blocked macrophage activity, and limited atherosclerosis initiation and progression. Our results suggest that targeting EGFR may be a novel strategy to combat atherosclerosis
Prinz, Immo. "Molecular and cellular analysis of a crossreactive hsp60 specific T cell receptor in vitro and in vivo." [S.l. : s.n.], 2002. http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/2002/252/index.html.
Full textYong, Carmen. "Enhancing adoptive immunotherapy : redirecting immune subsets and metabolic pathways." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT059.
Full textThe adoptive transfer of T cells expressing a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) as a treatment for cancer has achieved impressive responses in haematological malignancies, but has been less successful in the treatment of solid tumors. The tumor microenvironment of solid tumors presents multiple forms of immunosuppression, inhibiting the efficient effector function of infiltrating anti-tumor T cells. During my PhD, we assessed the potential of two strategies to enhance the anti-tumor function of CAR T cells. The first focuses on the potential of other CAR-expressing immune subsets to stimulate CAR T cell function and persistence in the tumor microenvironment. To elucidate the function of CAR-expressing non-T lymphocytes, we generated a transgenic mouse model (vav-CAR) in which immune cells express a CAR against the Her2 (ErbB2) tumor antigen. As expected, CAR T cells harboured anti-tumor function but we also found that CAR-modified macrophages and natural killer cells (NKs) exhibited significant antigen specific cytokine secretion, cytotoxicity and phagocytosis. Moreover, using the vav-CAR model, we demonstrated the potential of CAR immune cells to mediate tumor rejection independently of CD8+ T cells. CD4+ T cells were critical for this response as their deletion severely abrogated the anti-tumor responses in our vav-CAR model. Distinct T helper subsets have been shown to participate to anti-tumor responses, with Th1 and Th17 cells demonstrating a more robust efficacy as compared to other T helper subsets. Our second strategy was focused on the impact of metabolism in the polarisation of CD4+ T cells, in particular the differentiation of CAR T cells to Th1 lineage. T cell activation and polarisation is highly associated with increased metabolic needs. Given that nutrient deprivation in the tumor microenvironment, due to a high demand of the tumor for resources, can limit the nutrients available for other cell types, the fate and function of adoptively transferred immune cells may be altered upon entering the tumor. Therefore, modifying CAR immune cells to resist metabolic suppression in the tumor microenvironment may help retain their effector functions. Upon assessing the effects of nutrient deprivation on T cell differentiation, we found that limiting concentrations of glutamine, the most abundant amino acid in the plasma, inhibited the potential of T cells to undergo Th1 differentiation with associated IFNγ secretion. Rather, this condition resulted in the conversion of naïve CD4+ T cells into suppressive Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs). Furthermore, we determined that a single glutamine-derived metabolite, α-ketoglutarate (αKG), enhanced the anti-tumor effector functions of multiple CAR T helper subsets, increasing the production of IFNγ and reducing FOXP3 expression.Thus, during my PhD, I generated a vav-CAR model, providing a platform in which the function of multiple CAR-bearing immune subsets can be studied and manipulated. This model will promote the utilisation of optimized CAR-bearing immune cells in adoptive immunotherapy for solid tumors. Furthermore, using the CAR model, we have identified a glutamine metabolite that orchestrates immune responses through the metabolic reprogramming of CD4 T cells
Grigoriadou, Kalliopi. "Sélection du répertoire TCR exprimé par les cellules T gamma delta dans le thymus et l'épithélium intestinal de la souris." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066164.
Full textDas, Vincent. "Rôle de la polarisation du trafic intracellulaire dans la formation de la synapse immunologique." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066396.
Full textBorianne, Tom. "Immune synapse : T cell receptor clustering is associated with a liquid-disordered plasma membrane." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0459.
Full textThe lipid and protein composition of the plasma membrane of T cells is remodeled during the immune synapse formation. Whether this remodeling is accompanied with a change of ordering of the plasma membrane is not well understood. Using a combination of live cell solvatometric and quantitative imaging, we report that agonist TCR-pMHC interaction induces the phase separation of the outer leaflet of murine T cells plasma membrane in contact with an engineered antigen-presenting cell. Surprisingly, the TCR partitions into the liquid-disordered region of the plasma membrane and this segregation is Src-kinase independent. We further show that TCR clustering correlates with the amplitude of the phase separation and that apparent TCR mobility is not reduced at the immune synapse. To our knowledge, this is the first direct visualization of the phase separation of a live primary plasma membrane upon natural ligand interaction. These observations have important consequences for our understanding of the relationship between membrane order, receptor clustering and receptor mobility
Miloro, Giorgia. "Déterminer le rôle du récepteur de mort Fas/CD95 dans la co-stimulation des cellules T." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COAZ6036.
Full textFas (CD95/TNFRSF6), a type-I transmembrane receptor of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily, is a well-known cell death activator. However, it has been also implicated in non-cell death processes including cell survival, differentiation, migration. Whereas the molecular cascade that initiates apoptosis upon Fas engagement with its ligand FasL is particularly well described, the informations concerning the molecular mechanisms underlying the Fas mediated non-apoptotic pathways are sparse.As indicated by the induction of autoimmunity and lymphoproliferation in ALPS patients harboringmutations in either the receptor or its ligand, the Fas/FasL system plays a major role in T cell immune homeostasis and thus, in the control of autoimmunity and cancer. On one side, the Fas mediated death has been described critical for (i) the deletion of autoreactive lymphocytes, and thus in the maintenance of peripheral tolerance; (ii) the control of the number of lymphocytes activated by weak antigens during pathogen infections.On the other side, and beyond cell death induction, some Fas non-death pathways have been described in T cells, among which the role of Fas as co-regulatory receptor for the TCR during its activation. Despite the potential importance of this role in immunotherapeutic strategies, only few and controversial studies related to this involvement were done. Indeed, whereas several studies have described Fas as a TCR co-stimulatory receptor, others defined an inhibition of T cell activation by Fas-TCR concomitant stimulation. In this context, the aim of my PhD project consisted into molecularly dissect the Fas-TCR co-signaling.By using both primary T cells and cell lines bearing a specific transgenic TCR, we could define Fas as a costimulatory receptor. By exploiting biochemical approaches as well as flow cytometry and microscopy we could decipher the Fas-TCR crosstalk both at functional and molecular level. First, we show that Fas-TCR costimulation occurs in both naïve and in memory T cells as well as in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subpopulations.Molecularly, we could describe that Fas enhances the TCR signaling at membrane proximal level, since the phosphorylation of the first proteins involved in TCR activation is increased. Furthermore, both membrane-bound and soluble FasL are capable to initiate Fas co-stimulatory signal. Lastly, we could exclude the involvement of FADD and Caspase-8, first actors of Fas signaling, in the co-activation, and even more importantly, the involvement of the death domain of Fas cytoplasmic tail, unveiling the implication of another Fas receptor domain. To describe the molecular mechanisms and the context where Fas-TCR co-stimulation occurs might be of an outstanding importance in the comprehension of Fas physiopathology in T cells and for future studies that might involve its potential for immunotherapeutic strategies
Robert, Olivier. "Implication des axes récepteur des glucocorticoïdes-GILZ et CXCR4-CXCL12 dans l’inflammation hépatique liée à l’obésité." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA114850.
Full textNAFLD (non alcoholic fatty liver disease) is the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. It encompasses the entire spectrum of obesity-related liver lesions : steatosis, NASH (non alcoholic steatohepatitis), fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Innate and adaptative immune systems participate actively to the pathophysiology.I studied two axis : the glucocorticoid receptor-GILZ axis in Kupffer cells and CXCR4-CXCL12 in CD4+ T lymphocytes.Kupffer cells (KC) play a key role in pathophysiology of NASH. GILZ (glucocorticoid induced leucine zipper) is expressed by monocytes/macrophages and is under the control of glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Moreover, GILZ takes part in inhibition of inflammatory processes. I showed that obesity induces a decreased expression of GR and GILZ in KC. Using RU486, a GR antagonist, I proved that decreased expression of GR induces the decreased expression of GILZ and sensitize KC to LPS. This mechanism plays a decisive role in initiation of liver inflammation in obesity, modulating inflammatory response of KC. In obese mice, recruitment of inflammatory cells into the liver is a key element in the progression of NASH. CD4+ T lymphocytes from obese mice have enhanced CXCR4-dependent chemotactic properties. I showed that NASH enhances CXCR4-dependent chemotactic properties of CD4+ T lymphocytes in patients and in three mouse models of NASH. Obese mice treatment with AMD3100, a CXCR4 antagonist, decreases lymphocytes recruitement into the liver. Enhanced chemotactic properties of CD4+ T lymphocytes were not due to increased expressions of nor CXCR4 and CXCR7, neither CXCL12 in the liver. I showed that this mechanism was dependent of an increased affinity of CXCR4 to CXCL12.Therefore, I highlighted two axis participating to obesity-related liver inflammation. These axis represent new potential therapeutic targets
Virion, Zoé. "Interaction de Neisseria meningitidis avec les cellules endothéliales humaines : rôle des glycosylations des récepteurs cellulaires eucaryotes Receptor recognition by meningococcal type IV pili relies on a specific triantennary N-glycan Sialic acid‐mediated allosteric activation of β2-adrenoceptors An ADAM-10 dependent EPCR shedding links meningococcal interaction with endothelial cells to purpura fulminans." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. https://wo.app.u-paris.fr/cgi-bin/WebObjects/TheseWeb.woa/wa/show?t=2296&f=12491.
Full textNeisseria meningitidis is a commensal bacteria found in the nasopharynx of 10 to 35% of the population. For a still unknown reason, the bacteria a able to cross the epithelial barrier and to reach the bloodstream, where it can proliferate and adhere to the human endothelial cells via the type IV pili. The meningococcus specifically interacts with the adhesion receptor CD147 and the β2-adrenergic receptor, responsible for the activation of signaling under the adherent colony. We showed that the adhesion to the human endothelial cells is dependent on specific N-glycosylation patterns carried by the cellular receptors. The results show that the third N-glycosylation site of CD147 is essential to the adhesion of the bacteria, and that the interaction is due to the presence of sialic acid residues of the N-glycosylation chains. The sialic acids are also essential for the interaction of the meningococcus with the β2-adrenergic receptor and the activation of the signaling under the colony. The results show that the sialic acid of the form Neu5Ac (N-acetylneuraminic acid) found in humans could explain de species specificity of the meningococcal infection, most of the other mammals species possessing a Neu5Gc (N-glycolylneuraminic acid) form of the sialic acid. So we showed that a part of the species specificity of the meningococcus is due to the interaction of the type IV pili with specific glycosylations
Warda, Walid. "Ciblage de la cellule souche leucémique exprimant la protéine lL-1RAP : Approche d'immunothérapie anti-tumorale utilisant des lymphocytes T génétiquement modifiés pour exprimer un récepteur chimérique à l’antigène(CAR)." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCE002/document.
Full textChronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disorder and is characterized by the presence of a Philadelphia chromosome (Phl) encoding the BCR-ABL fusion protein with constitutive tyrosine kinase activity. The treatment by Tyrosine Kinase lnhibitors (ITK) is not curative. The problem today is ta target leukemic stem cells (HSCs) to prevent relapse of patients after stopping treatment with TKI and permanently eradicate the disease. Studies have identified the interleukin-1 accessory protein receptor (IL-lRAP) as a potential target for killing CSL (BCR-ABL1 positive) in CML or in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We therefore propose to develop a cell therapy approach targeting IL-lRAP, using T cells (LT) redirected by a CAR (Chimeric Antigen Receptor) in the treatment of CML and AML. We produced a specific anti-lL-1RAP murine monoclonal antibody (mAb) called # A3C3. We tested the specificity of the antibody # A3C3 in flow cytometry, in Western blot, by immunohistochemistry or confocal microcopy, on positive human cell lines IL-1RAP (KU812) or IL-1RAP negative (Raji). Moreover, by using this antibody, we have demonstrated by immunohistochemistry, on 20 different normal tissues that our antibody does not recognize or very few non-specific (off-target) targets. Finally, we demonstrated that this antibody is able to detect positive IL-1RAP CSLs in primary bone marrow or peripheral blood samples of LMC patients at diagnosis or after ITK treatment. By molecular biology, we have sequenced and identified rearrangements of the heavy (lgH) and light {lgL) chains coding region for hypervariable regions of# A3C3. The coding sequence for the "single chain variable fragment" (scFv), lin king the 2 lgH and lgl chains, was cloned into a 3rd generation lentiviral skeleton securised by a suicide gene, inducible caspase 9 (iCASP9). We produced CART-cells and LT-mock ex-vivo. The transduction efficiency is measured by CD3 + / CD19 + expression (82% on average, n = 5), in flow cytometry. The functionality of the suicide cassette iCaspase9/AP1903 on CART-cells after 48h treatment with AP1903 was tested. We have shown the death of more than 90% of CART-cells (7-AAD labeling in flow cytometry). We then performed in-vitro functional tests of CART-cells against LMC lines naturally expressing IL-1RAP or against transfected lines to express the membrane form of IL-1RAP. After co-culture of CART-cells in the presence of IL-1RAP + target cells, we have shown that they proliferate (CFSE test), that they secrete interferon y and inflammatory cytokines (intracellular labeling and Cytokines Bead Array assay). They are able to degranulate (CD107a & b labeling). Finally, by 7 AAD labeling, we demonstrated the cytotoxicity of CART-cells against IL1-RAP + cells. Finally, we showed the effectiveness of CART-cells in vivo, in a tumor xenograft model in NSG immunodeficiency mice engrafted by the K562-IL1RAP+/Luciferase+ line. There is a decrease in the tumor load 4 days after injection of CART-cells, until complete disappearance.This proof of concept suggests alternative therapeutic perspectives in the treatment of CML or AML, which should be optimized in murine models (sequence and injection numbers, cell numbers, associations with ITKS or other chemotherapies) in order to Phase I clinical trial, to demonstrate the feasibility and safety of the approach to consider a demonstration of efficacy in human. Securing by the suicide cassette makes it possible to consider the use of CART-cells in an autologous or allogeneic situation (Donor Lymphocytes infusion, DU)
Leruste, Amaury. "Immune context of malignant rhabdoid tumors : description and identification of new therapeutic targets." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS050.
Full textRhabdoid tumors (RT) are highly undifferentiated cancers occurring in infancy and early childhood, with a median age at diagnosis about 20 months. These tumors are characterized by the biallelic inactivation of SMARCB1 tumor suppressor gene, core member of the SWI/SNF complex, one major chromatin remodeling actor, in an otherwise highly stable genome. The prognosis of RT is dismal with overall survival hardly reaching 30% in most series, despite particularly aggressive conventional treatment. Immunotherapy approaches has gained a striking success within some adult cancer types and recent analyses of immune cell content of pediatric cancers don’t reveal a high rate of infiltrated tumors, except in few tumor types such as intracranial rhabdoid tumors. Then, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the immune context of both human RT cohorts and a mouse RT model, including at single cell level. We identified a high recurrence of infiltrated tumors, in a RT-subgroup related manner, composed of both myeloid cells including cells with immune suppressive phenotypes, and T cells with notably a tissue resident memory phenotype demonstrating a high clonal expansion highly suggestive of immunogenicity. We identified common targetable immune populations between human and mouse RTs, and found that targeting both T and myeloid infiltrating cells was able to induce complete anti-tumor response with induced memory, confirming the immunogenic properties of RTs, and identifying new therapeutic strategies of clinical relevance. We finally identified that RTs were the site of SMARCB1-dependent endogenous retroviruses reexpression, with subsequent activation of interferon signaling, likely triggering the immune response in the context of RT, and providing a basis of non-coding genome-driven immunogenicity for these tumors
Patasic, Lea [Verfasser], Beatrix [Akademischer Betreuer] Süß, Alexander [Akademischer Betreuer] Löwer, Klaus [Akademischer Betreuer] Cichutek, and Hinrich [Akademischer Betreuer] Abken. "DARPin-targeted Chimeric Antigen Receptor T cells: CD4 as a cellular target shows potential to evade HIV latency reservoir / Lea Patasic ; Beatrix Süß, Alexander Löwer, Klaus Cichutek, Hinrich Abken." Darmstadt : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1216997764/34.
Full textRong, Yiping. "Bcl-2 Regulates Proapoptotic Calcium Signals by Interacting with the Inositol 1, 4, 5-Trisphosphate Receptor." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1228322705.
Full textKarnam, Anupama. "Role of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in the anti-inflammatory mechanism of therapeutic normal immunoglobulins Wuchereria bancrofti filaria activates human dendritic cells and polarizes T helper 1 and regulatory T cells via toll-like receptor 4 Regulatory T cells induce activation rather than suppression of human basophils." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS642.
Full textIntravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is a therapeutic preparation of pooled normal IgG obtained from the several thousand healthy donors. It is established as first-line therapy for many autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. In the first part of my thesis, I have investigated if IVIG therapy interferes with the serological detection of Zika virus infection in Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) patients. By analyzing the plasma of GBS patients treated with IVIG for anti-Zika IgG, I have demonstrated that IVIG therapy in GBS patients does not interfere with the serological Zika detection. The second part addresses the immunoregulatory role of IVIG on human basophil function. Unlike in mice, IVIG does not require DC-SIGN-dependent IL-33 for the activation of human basophils. IVIG directly induces the activation of IL-3-primed human basophils and secretion of IL-4, IL-6, and IL-8 by directly interacting with the basophil surface-bound IgE. This function was F(ab’)2-dependent and involves Syk activation. These results demonstrate a novel mechanism of human basophil activation by IVIG. The last part unravels the signaling pathways associated with IVIG-mediated anti-inflammatory effects specifically the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which imparts tolerogenic properties to dendritic cells (DCs) and protection against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). My data shows that IVIG activates β-catenin in human DC along with upregulation of Wnt 5a. Activation of β-catenin requires intact IgG and LRP5/6 co-receptors. However, despite the activation of β-catenin by IVIG, this pathway is dispensable for its anti-inflammatory actions both in vitro and in vivo in the EAE model
Westman, Gabriel. "Herpesvirus Infection and Immunity in Neurocognitive Disorders." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Infektionssjukdomar, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-247187.
Full textLeston, Araujo Itaua. "Facteurs environnementaux et génétiques déterminant la fonction thymique chez l'adulte sain." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCC092.
Full textThe thymus is a vital organ for homeostatic maintenance of the peripheral immune system. Age-associated thymic involution is associated with a reduction in tissue mass and thymic cellularity, loss of tissue structure and abnormal architecture leading to a decline in naïve T cell output. However, with the exception of age, the underlying parameters that govern thymic function in healthy humans remain to be defined. We characterized the variability of thymic function among 1000 age- and sex-stratified healthy adults of the Milieu Intérieur cohort, using quantification of TRECs in peripheral blood T cells as a surrogate marker of thymopoiesis. Age and sex were the only nonheritable factors identified that affect thymic function. TREC amounts decreased with age and were higher in women compared to men of all ages. In addition, a genome-wide association study revealed a common variant (rs2204985) within the T cell receptor TCRA-TCRD locus, between the DD2 and DD3 gene segments, which associated with TREC amounts. This association was validated in a replication cohort (MARTHA cohort). Strikingly, transplantation of human hematopoietic stem cells with the rs2204985 GG genotype into immunodeficient mice led to thymopoiesis with higher TRECs, increased thymocyte counts, and a higher TCR repertoire diversity. Our population immunology approach revealed a genetic locus that influences thymopoiesis in healthy children and adults, with potentially broad implications in precision medicine, especially in aging and vaccines, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and autoimmunity. This study leads also to further study the precise mechanisms of TCRA-TCRD rearrangements at early steps of thymopoiesis
Leignadier, Julie. "Étude de l’implication de la force du signal transmis par le récepteur des cellules T dans le développement et la survie des lymphocytes T mémoires." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4140.
Full textFollowing antigen (Ag) encounter presented at surface of antigen presenting cell (APC), naïve T lymphocytes, which express a T cell receptor (TCR) specific for Ag, undergo massive proliferation and differentiate into effector T cells (1). After elimination of the pathogen, most effector T cells die, while the remaining differenciates into memory T cells (LTm) which are responsible for long-term protection of the organism. The mechanism that promotes the differentiation of effectors T cells into memory T cells is still largely unknown. To understand how Tm cells are generated from effectors, we hypothesized that the density of antigen on the APC could have an impact on the selection of CD8+ T cell responders differentiating into memory. Very interestingly, our results show that immunization of mice with dendritic cells (DCs) expressing high levels of peptide-MHC complexes on their surface allow a strong development of LTm. In contrast, the development of memory T cells was strongly reduced (10-20X) when mice were immunized with DCs expressing two-fold less level of peptide-MHC complexes. In agreement with the results described above, the amount of Ag does not have any influence on T cell expansion and acquisition of effector functions, but critically affects memory T cell generation. Our data suggest that the numbers of TCR engaged in MHC/peptide recognition are important for the formation of memory T cells. To do that, we evaluated by time-lapse videomicroscopy the time of interaction between LTn and DCs. Effectively, we observed a significant reduction in the percentage of cells making prolonged interaction with DCs when the level of Ag is decreased. Moreover, we observed a modification in the expression of key transcription factors involved in the differentiation of Tm cells, such as Eomes, Bcl6 and Blimp-1. Further analysis reveals that the Ag density influences the expression of Neuron-derived orphan nuclear receptor 1 (Nor1). Nor-1 is involved in the conversion of Bcl-2 into a pro-apoptotic molecule and contributes to effector death by apoptosis during contraction phase. Our model proposes that density of Ag controls the generation of LTm. A better understanding of the role of TCR signals in the generation of LTm will help to develop better vaccination strategies. Second time, we have evaluated the role of TCR signals in Tm cell homeostasis. To do that, we have used a tetracycline-inducible expression system of the TCR in mice. This system allows us to abolish TCR expression on Tm cells. Interestingly, we show that the ablation of TCR expression did not influence the survival and functionnality of Ag-specific CD8+ LTm cells. Furthermore, our results show that a subset of CD4 Tm cells can survive in the absence of TCR expression in nonlymphopenic hosts while another subset requires the TCR expression to survive.
Bonkoungou, Carole A. "Rôle de CD271 dans l'immunomodulation des cellules T." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20790.
Full textGagne, Matthew James. "Cellular mechanisms that establish HIV-1 latency in CD4+ T cells and the potential for their manipulation as a therapeutic strategy." Thesis, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/36677.
Full textConnolly, Audrey. "Rôle de la modulation de la phosphatidylsérine dans l’activation des cellules T." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/25294.
Full textT lymphocytes protect us against pathogens by orchestrating the adaptive immune response. T lymphocytes possess a specific surface receptor, the T cell receptor (TCR), which conveys the stimulation signal towards the cytoplasm for the initiation of the T cell activation cascade. The TCR is a multimeric complex composed of the TCRαβ, CDεγ, CD3εδ and CD3ζζ dimers. The TCRαβ chains recognize the pathogenic antigens while the CD3 chains initiate the T cells signaling cascade through the phosphorylation of their cytoplasmic tails. It is not yet understood how the TCR activating signal is transmitted through the membrane from the TCRαβ chains towards the cytoplasmic tails of the CD3 chains. In resting T cells, the CD3ε and CD3ζ chains are associated to the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane (PM). The cytoplasmic tails of CD3ε and CD3ζ are rich in basic amino acids, which allow electrostatic association with acidic phospholipids at the PM. Phosphatidylserine (PS) is the most abundant acidic phospholipid and is exclusively distributed towards the cytoplasmic PM leaflet. During T cell activation, the CD3ε and CD3ζ cytoplasmic tails have to dissociate from PS for their phosphorylation. The membrane dissociation of a large number of CD3 chains is essential for the amplification of T cell activation. A mechanism of CD3ε and CD3ζ chain dissociation that has been proposed in the literature is through intracellular calcium elevation. A robust calcium influx is generated following T cell stimulation. In addition to its essential role in regulating T cell activation, it has been proposed that calcium ions neutralize the PM acidic phospholipids for CD3 chain dissociation. Calcium is also an essential cofactor for the activity of many enzymes, such as the phospholipid scramblase TMEM16F. TMEM16F redistributes PS at the PM following intracellular calcium mobilization, resulting in a reduction of inner leaflet PS. We propose that calcium regulates CD3 chain dissociation through TMEM16F activity. Our study demonstrates that calcium-dependent PS redistribution by TMEM16F is required for CD3ε membrane dissociation in the Jurkat T cell line. Reduction of TMEM16F expression by shRNA targeting (shTMEM16F) prevents massive CD3ε chain dissociation following 8 T cell stimulation. The shTMEM16F cells show a reduction in the phosphorylation of TCR-proximal signaling molecules. In contrast, expression of a constitutively active mutant of TMEM16F increases PS redistribution, CD3ε chain dissociation and phosphorylation of TCR-proximal signaling molecules. Our study demonstrates that PS redistribution by the calcium-dependent TMEM16F scramblase regulates CD3 chain dissociation for the amplification of T cell activation. In addition, we have confirmed T cell activation defects in shTMEM16F murine primary T cells during an immune response. In conclusion, our study demonstrates the role of PS regulation by TMEM16F in T cell activation. We showed that we could modify the level of T cell activation by modulating the concentration of PS at the inner leaflet of the PM. Our results thus have important implications for the development and improvement of immune receptor-based cancer immunotherapies.
"Developing a CRISPR-Mediated Knockout TCR Human T Cell Line for Use in Cloning Antigen-Specific T Cell Receptors." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.57440.
Full textDissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Biology 2020