Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Récepteur couplé au protéine G'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Récepteur couplé au protéine G.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Damian, Marjorie. "Mécanisme d'activation au sein d'un dimère de récepteur couplé aux protéine G." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON13513.
Full textG-protein coupled receptors are versatile biological sensors that are responsible for the majority of cellular responses to hormones and neurotransmitters as well as for the sense of sight, smell and taste. Signal transduction is associated with a set of changes in the tertiary structure of the receptor that are recognized by the associated intracellular partners, in particular the G proteins. There is compelling evidence that GPCR can assemble as dimers but the way these assemblies function at the molecular level is still under investigation.We used here the leukotriene B4 receptor BLT1 as a model to analyze the conformational changes occurring during activation. To this end, we first produced the receptor in E. coli inclusion bodies and subsequently folded it back to its native state in vitro using original membrane mimetics. Using the purified dimeric receptor, we showed that (i) the G protein induces an asymmetric arrangement of the BLT1 homodimer where each of the protomers is in a distinct conformation, and (ii) the G protein is cis-activated, i.e. the protomer that binds the agonist also activates Gα. Finally, we brought evidence that, although the dimer fully activates its G protein partner, the monomer has per se all the molecular determinant for an efficient functioning. All these data are original evidence that sheds light into the way GPCR dimers are activated and in turn modulate G protein-mediated signaling
Murail, Samuel. "Mécanismes moléculaires des interactions ligand-protéine membranaire : étude biophysique d'un récepteur couplé aux protéines G, VPAC1, et du récepteur périphérique des benzodiazépines." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077120.
Full textThe main goal of this work has been to contribute to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying protein-ligand interaction within the membrane. The first protein studied is the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR) and its ligand interest, cholesterol. PBR is involved in steroid biosynthesis, through the cholesterol translocation from the outer to the inner membrane of mitochondria. In the absence of any available structural information on PBR, our first work has been to focus on the PBR structure, by determining from NMR data the conformation of synthetic fragments encompassing the predicted transmembrane domains and then by studying the entire recombinant protein by NMR and circular dichroism. In second step, several studies combining mutagenesis and molecular modeling have be performed which allow to characterize PBR-cholesterol interaction, and the role of key residues this interaction. The second part of our work is devoted to study the interaction of the extracellular domain VPAC1, a G-protein coupled receptor, with the vasointestinal neuropeptide (VIP), which plays important role in human physiopathology. From the VIP conformation obtained by NMR a photoaffinity data, we were able to propose a molecular model of the VIP-VPAC1 interaction using docking protocols and to characterize this interaction using molecular dynamics simulation. Our result contributes to elucidate the molecular basis of VIP recognition and more generally understand the ligand-receptor interaction process of the class B family of GPCRs
Marotte, Amélie. "Conception rationnelle de nouveaux ligands du GPR103, un récepteur couplé à une protéine G et cible du 26RFa." Rouen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ROUES039.
Full textDa, Silva Mélanie. "Développement d’essais HTRF® innovants pour détecter l'activation des protéines G natives par leurs récepteurs." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT033.
Full textG protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent the main family of membrane proteins, and they are the target of more than 25% of drugs in the market. These receptors activate various signaling pathways through different families of heterotrimeric G proteins (Gs, Gq, Gi/o et G12/13). Since a given GPCR can activate several G proteins, it is important to understand how ligands favor the activation of some of these G proteins (biased ligands). The objective of my thesis was to develop assays to study most G protein subtypes
Lelouvier, Benjamin. "Trafic cellulaire d'un récepteur couplé aux protéines G dans le système nerveux central : mécanismes et conséquences physiopathologiques." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066351.
Full textIbarz, Géraldine. "Etude pharmacologique de la signalisation intracellulaire d'un récepteur couplé aux protéines G : le récepteur de la cholécystokinine de type I." Montpellier 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON13503.
Full textRoux, Mélisange. "Impact de la modulation de l’expression de la protéine sécrétogranine III sur les fonctions analgésiques du récepteur NTS2." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9478.
Full textLevoye, Angélique. "Recherche de la fonction du récepteur orphelin couplé aux protéines G GPR50 par hétérodimérisation." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA11T041.
Full textChaves-Almagro, Carline. "Signalisation apeline : nouvelle cible thérapeutique de l'adénocarcinome pancréatique ?" Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30246/document.
Full textApelin, the endogenous ligand of the human G-protein coupled receptor, APJ, is a key regulator of cardiovascular system, notably during physiological and tumor angiogenesis. Using a cancer profiling array approach, our team clearly showed that apelin gene is overexpressed in one third of the human carcinomas, with the highest frequency (2/3) in pancreatic cancers. Thus, the aim of my PhD project was to characterize apelin signaling function during pancreatic carcinogenesis. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common form of pancreatic cancer and the discovery of biomarkers and new therapeutic targets is of crucial interest for this cancer since this cancer is diagnosed too late and there is no effective therapy. By an immunohistochemistry approach on human PDAC slides (49 patients), we show that apelin and APJ are strongly expressed by pancreatic tumor cells. In order to characterize apelin and APJ spatio-temporal expression during pancreatic carcinogenesis, we have studied their expression by immunohistochemistry in genetically engineered mouse models of PDAC. In the K-ras mouse model (Lox-Stop-Lox-K-rasG12D/+/Pdx1-Cre) which recapitulates early stages of the disease, and in the KPC mouse model (Lox-Stop-Lox- K-rasG12D/+ ; Lox-Stop-Lox-Trp53 R172H/+/Pdx1-Cre) which develops PDAC until invasive stages, our results demonstrate that apelin and its receptor are expressed by tumor cells since the first steps of carcinogenesis. In order to study apelin signaling function, we have characterized signal transduction pathways activated by apelin in MiaPaCa human pancreatic cancer cell line endogenously expressing apelin and APJ as observed in vivo. In these cells, apelin induces transient activation of ERKs and p70S6 Kinase, a sustained Akt activation and an inhibitory phosphorylation of GSK3 thus allowing Beta-catenin stabilization. Interestingly, my results demonstrate that the MAPK pathway activation apelin induced is Gi protein dependent. Conversely, long term stimulation of PI3K/Akt pathway is G protein independent but instead involves receptor internalization. Moreover, apelin positively regulates on one hand c-myc and cyclin D1 protein levels, both of them being implicated in cell proliferation and on the other hand, intracellular protein content of Hexokinase 2 in order to ensure high glycolytic flux which is essential for tumor cells energy supply. These results are in agreement with cellular effects that we observed since apelin stimulates proliferation, glucose uptake and migration of tumor cells which are essentials properties for tumor progression. Accordingly, apelin and APJ overexpression in PDAC and the effects of this signaling pathway on tumor cells make of this ligand/receptor couple a new potential therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer treatment
Holleran, Brian. "Identification de déterminants moléculaires de la liaison du récepteur et de l'urotensine II." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4300.
Full textMeirsman, Aura Callia Carole. "Rôle du récepteur orphelin GPR88 dans les pathologies psychiatriques et motrices." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAJ052/document.
Full textAmong brain orphan G protein-coupled receptors, GPR88 shows high expression mainly in the striatum specifically in medium spiny neurons of both the striatonigral and striatopallidal pathwaysFirst, we examine full Gpr88 KO mice and show biochemical, structural and behavioral alterations. Results also show that the hyperactivity phenotype of Gpr88 KO mice is reversed by methylphenidate.Second, we show that Gpr88 in striatopallidal neurons (cKO approach) exerts anxiogénic activity and that motor coordination is regulated by GPR88 in the adult brain (AAV-Cre approach) and in the striatopallidal pathway.Finally, we confirmed previous data showing impaired acoustic prepulse inhibition in Gpr88 KO mice and further show that this deficit is not the result of a general inhibition deficit or of the lack of GPR88 in striatopallidal neurons
Lachance, Véronik. "L’association du récepteur β2-Adrénergique (β2AR) avec les protéines RGGT et HACE1 module son trafic intracellulaire en régulant les mécanismes de maturation et d’activation de la protéine Rab11a." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/160.
Full textDuchene, Johan. "Le récepteur B2 de la bradykinine : exemple d'un RCPG utilisant de nouvelles voies de signalisation dites alternatives." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30143.
Full textBray, Lauriane. "Identification des phosphorylations impliquées dans la regulation de l'activité du récepteur NPFF2." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2558/.
Full textGPCR activation induces the phosphorylation of Serine and Threonine residues in their intracellular domains. These phosphorylations are involved in receptor desensitization and internalization but can also determine the involved signaling pathway. Neuropeptide FF belongs to a neuropeptide family which modulates opioid analgesia by interacting with a Gi protein coupled receptor: the NPFF2 Receptor. In order to investigate the role of phosphorylation in the regulation of NPFF2R function, a mass spectrometry analysis was performed to characterize the agonist-induced phosphorylation pattern of the human and rat receptor expressed in SH-SY5Y cells. All phosphorylation sites were found in the carboxyl-terminus tail on T372/S373, S382, S386, S395, T412 and S414/T415. All the identified residues were mutated to Alanine and mutant rat receptors were expressed in SH-SY5Y cells. Functional characterization allowed us to identify the major, likely GRK-dependent, phosphorylation cluster responsible for acute desensitization, 412TNST415 at the end of the C-terminus of the receptor, as well as additional sites involved in desensitization (372TS373) and internalization (S395). The rat-specific residues seemed to be involved in G-protein coupling efficacy. These results bring new evidences of the specific role of the phosphorylation of particular residues in the regulation of GPCR activity. Furthermore, these results will enable us to generate phosphospecific antibodies that could be used in in vivo studies of NPFF2 receptor activation
Monnier, Carine. "Analyse de l'activation du récepteur GABA-B : une machinerie complexe de la transmission synaptique." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20153.
Full textG-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute the largest family of membrane receptors, and the target of more than 25% of drugs on the market. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of the activation of such oligomeric complexes is crucial to develop more potent drugs. The metabotropic γ-aminobutyric acid receptor (GABA-B) is activated by the main inhibitory neurotransmitter of the central nervous system (GABA). It plays an important role in brain functions and as such, it is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of various neurologic and psychiatric disorders (anxiety, epilepsy or drug addiction). The GABA-B receptor is an obligatory heterodimer composed of two subunits, GB1 and GB2, each of them possessing an extracellular domain called Venus flytrap (VFT) and a seven transmembrane domain (7TM) common to all GPCRs. The VFT of GB1 contains the GABA binding site whereas 7TM domain of GB2, where the positive allosteric modulators bind, is responsible for G-protein activation. My doctoral research project had two main objectives. The first one was to better understand the molecular mechanism underlying the activation of GABA-B receptor. We first demonstrated the importance of the relative movement of GB1 and GB2 VFT domains in the activation, using a « glycan wedge scanning » approach. In addition, we showed a direct transactivation between the two 7TM that is a key step in GABA-B activation. The second objective was the development of a sensor to monitor the GABA-B receptor activation at the cell surface of living cells. This sensor, based on GABA-B receptor conformational changes during activation used new fluorescent tools compatible with time-resolved FRET experiments. To this aim, we set up an orthogonal labelling between an ACP-tag inserted in a loop of one subunit and a Snap-tag fused to the other. This sensor of GABA-B activation should lead to the development of a medium or high throughput screening of specific GABA-B molecules
Bouchard, Caroline. "Régulation transcriptionnelle du GPR84, un nouveau récepteur couplé aux protéines G exprimé par la microglie dans des conditions inflammatoires." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24392/24392.pdf.
Full textBeaudry, Hélène. "Rôle et régulation du récepteur opioïdergique delta dans le traitement de la douleur." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6645.
Full textMasri, Bernard. "Fonction endothéliale du récepteur de l'apeline : étude de la cascade de transduction et implications physiologiques." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30181.
Full textOur team have characterized a new receptor, msr/apj, which is expressed in the endothelium of newly forming heart and blood vessels. In 1998, the endogenous ligand (named apeline) of this receptor was isolated by a Japanese laboratory. In order to understand the endothelial function of this new signaling pathway, we analyzed the various signal transduction pathways activated by apelin in CHO cells which stably express msr/apj. In these cells, apelin induces inhibition of adenylylcyclase, and activation of ERKs and p70S6 kinase. The stable expression of pertussis toxin insensitive a subunits of G proteins led us to demonstrate that ERK stimulation is ai2 dependent and Ras independent. The p70S6 kinase stimulation preferentially involves ai1, a PI3 Kinase, Akt, and mTOR. Interestingly, we observed that HUVEC (Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells) endogenously express the apelin receptor. In these cells, apelin induces the activation of p70S6K and leads to their proliferation. However, these cells also express apelin which can induce an autocrine desensitization of the receptor. This desensitization can be obtained after acute pretreatment of the CHO by apelin or observed with CHO cells co-expressing the receptor and apelin. The deletion of the receptor C-terminal domain abolishes the desensitization associated with the coupling with the ai2 subunit and the ERK activation. Thus, this receptor represents a new pharmacological target for pathologies associated with a neovascularization such as the solid tumors development and ischemic retinopathy
Saint-Géniez, Magali. "Expression et fonction du récepteur MSR/APJ et de son ligand au cours du développement vasculaire, de la rétine et de la néovascularisation induite par l'hypoxie." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30064.
Full textFillion, Dany. "Développement de sondes photoréactives pour l'étude de la structure du récepteur AT[indice inférieur 1] de l'angiotensine II : un nouveau mode de liaison pour les récepteurs couplés aux protéines G peptidergiques." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6234.
Full textSaulière, Aude. "Etapes membranaires de la transduction du signal par les récepteurs couplés aux protéines G : organisation dynamique du récepteur mu aux opioïdes humain à la surface de neuroblastomes." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU30121.
Full textWe address the question of the existence of a specific membrane organization which could favor the interactions between the G protein coupled receptor (GPCR), the G protein and the effector. Here we examine the lateral diffusion of the human mu opioid receptor (hMOR) in regard to its activation by ligands and to membrane environment modifications. The T7-EGFP-hMOR stably expressed in SH-SY5Y is found to be fully functional. Its mobility analysis was achieved using two complementary biophysical approaches which are vrFRAP (variable radii fluorescence recovery after photobleaching) and SPT (single particle tracking). At 22°C these analyses reveal a double compartimentation of the receptors in permeable domains (about 1 µm radius) and in smaller domains (200 nm radius). Moreover receptors exhibiting a directed diffusion are observed. The temperature was modulated, the actin cytoskeleton was partially destroyed, and the G protein/receptor interaction was impeded to determine the sources of the receptor organisation. It appears that many parameters are playing a part in the complex receptor organisation. Our results show that the interactions of hMOR with G proteins or with the cortical cytoskeleton influence its membrane organisation. Antagonists binding don't modify the receptor organisation in permeable sub-micrometer size domains. On the contrary agonists binding induce a decrease of both the domain size and the diffusion coefficient. Our results highlight the influence of numerous parameters on the hMOR dynamic organisation. They demonstrate the interest of a conjoint use of vrFRAP and SPT approaches to obtain a global vision of a protein plasma membrane organisation
Sauliere, Aude. "Etapes membranaires de la transduction du signal par les récepteurs couplés aux protéines G : organisation dynamique du récepteur mu aux opioïdes humain à la surface de neuroblastomes." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00192796.
Full textChevalier, Nicolas. "GPR30/GPER, récepteur aux estrogènes couplé aux protéines G : un nouvel acteur dans la carcinogenèse germinale testiculaire, impliqué dans l'action des perturbateurs endocriniens environnementaux ?" Nice, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NICE4103.
Full textTesticular germ cell tumours (TGCT) are the most frequent cancer of young men with an increasing incidence all over the world since fifty years. Pathogenesis remains unknown but fetal or perinatal exposure to environmental endocrine disruptor compounds (EDC) with estrogenic affinity, together with genetic susceptibility, have been suggested. Using the JKT-1 cell line, which is derived from a human testicular seminoma, the lab has previously shown that estrogens are involved in human seminoma cell proliferation in vitro through two signalling pathways: the one through nuclear and mitochondrial ER beta, which acts as a tumoural suppressor; the other one through a membrane G protein coupled receptor (GPCR), with a proliferative effect. Using selective antagonist and siRNA, we identified this GPCR as GPR30/GPER, a widely conserved orphan GPCR, which is located at the cell membrane in JKT-1 cells. Bisphenol A, an estrogenic EDC, induces JKT-1 cells proliferation in vitro through GPR30/GPER. GPR30/GPER is expressed both in normal adult and tumoural human germ cells, and selectively overexpressed in seminoma tumours. We demonstrated that this overexpression is associated with two polymorphisms, which are located in the 5’ regulatory region of GPR30/GPER gene. Thus, overexpression of GPR30/GPER due to genetic polymorphisms is involved in testicular carcinogenesis and could be a genetic susceptibility factor of TGCT, which might be screened in high-risk TGCT patients. Both overexpression of GPR30/GPER by genetic polymorphisms (and/or epigenetic modifications) and silencing of ER beta by hypermethylation could also participate in the effects of EDC during the control of malignant germ cell proliferation and/or testicular carcinogenesis
Legendre, Marie. "Implication du récepteur de la ghréline en pathologie humaine : caractérisation d’une nouvelle étiologie des maladies de la croissance et de ses mécanismes moléculaires." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066297.
Full textCarrel, Damien. "Mécanismes d'adressage des recepteurs 5-HT1A et 5-HT1B de la sérotonine : caractérisation de motifs dans la séquence des récepteurs et identification de protéines partenaires." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066346.
Full textBaratti-Elbaz, Catherine. "Internalisation et recyclage du récepteur de la TSH." Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA11T058.
Full textThe TSH receptor is a G protein coupled receptor, with specific characteristics from the two high homologous lutropin (LH) and folliculostimulin (FSH) receptors (i) its large extracellular domain which is cleaved in two subunits (ii) its constitutive activity towards the cAMP transduction pathway and (iii) the existence of stimulating anti-receptor autoantibody implicated in hyperthyroïdism. Seant information is available on the intracellular trafficking of this receptor. Stahly transfected L cells expressing TSH receptor and anti-receptor antibodies were used to study by confocal and electron microscopies its cellular distribution and endocytosis. The TSH receptor was initially localized on the plasmalemma proper and in clathrin-coated pits. Lt was internalized through clathrin-coated vesicles. Constitutive endocytosis represented 10% of cell surface receptor molecules. Endocytosis was increased only 3 fold by the hormone. The majority of internalized receptor recycled to cell surface via smooth vesicles whereas hormone was degraded in lysosomes. This recycling was inhibited by administration of monensin and occurred via a caveolin-1 independent pathway. Microscopic studies repeated in primary cultures of human thyroid cells showed a baso-lateral distribution and a very similar endocytosis pathway. The LH receptor is endocytosed in high proportion and degraded in lysosomes. Colocalization studies with transferrin receptor confirmed that highly homologous LH and TSH receptors exhibit, when expressed in the same cells, very different cellular trafficking properties. The use of LHITSH receptor chimeras showed that transmembrane and intracellular domains contain information orienting the protein toward recycling or degradative pathways. The extracellular domain seems to play a role in the extent of internalization. These observations should now allow the determination of the molecular signals involved in these processes
Avet, Charlotte. "Étude des mécanismes contrôlant l'efficacité et la spécificité de la signalisation du récepteur de la GnRH : identification et rôle de la protéine partenaire SET." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA11T091.
Full textReproductive function is under the control of the hypothalamic neurohormone GnRH, which regulates the synthesis and the release of pituitary gonadotropins. GnRH acts on a G-protein coupled receptor expressed at the surface of pituitary gonadotrope cells, the GnRH receptor (GnRHR). This receptor, in mammals, is unique because it is devoided of the C terminal tail, which makes it insensitive to classical desensitization processes. Therefore, the mechanisms that regulate the efficacy and the specificity of its signaling are still poorly known. We searched for interacting partners of GnRHR with the idea that these proteins by interacting with the intracellular domains of the receptor could influence receptor coupling to its signaling pathways. Our work identified the first interacting partner of GnRHR: the protein SET. By GST pull down assays, we showed that SET interacts directly with GnRHR through the first intracellular loop of the receptor. This interaction involves sequences enriched in basic amino acids in the receptor and both N- and C terminal domains of SET. We also showed, by co-immunoprecipitation, that GnRHR in its native conformation interacts with the endogenous SET protein in gonadotrope alphaT3-1 cells and, by immunocytochemistry that the two proteins colocalize at the plasma membrane. By developing in the laboratory biosensors tools that allow to measure with high sensitivity and in real-time intracellular variations in calcium and cAMP concentrations, we demonstrated that GnRHR couples not only to the calcium pathway but also to the cAMP pathway in alphaT3-1 cell line, providing for cAMP the first demonstration of such coupling. Using several experimental strategies to reduce or increase receptor interaction with SET (small interfering RNA, peptide corresponding to the first intracellular loop of the receptor, overexpression of SET), we have shown that SET induces a switch of GnRHR signaling from calcium to cAMP pathway. Our results concerning the activity of the Gnrhr gene promoter led us to postulate that SET could favor the induction by GnRH of genes regulated through the cAMP pathway, notably those encoding the GnRHR. Our study also showed that GnRH regulates not only SET protein expression in gonadotropes, but also its phosphorylation level leading to its relocation in the cytoplasm of alphaT3-1 cells. This suggests that GnRH induces a regulatory loop to amplify SET action on signaling of its own receptor. Finally, we demonstrated that SET expression is markedly increased in the pituitary gland at prœstrus in female rats, providing the first demonstration of a variation of SET expression in a physiological context. Given that GnRHR coupling to the cAMP pathway is increased at prœstrus, our results suggest that SET may play an important role in vivo by promoting such coupling at this particular stage of the estrus cycle
Dupré, Denis J. "Récepteur liant le facteur activateur de plaquettes étude de la désensibilisation à long terme par un agoniste ou un agoniste inverse." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2004. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4187.
Full textCarles, Michel. "IL-8 et transport épithélial alvéolaire des fluides au cours de l'Acute Lung Injury." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX20657.
Full textβ-adrenergic agonist-dependent stimulation of the lung fluid clearance is an important mechanism that protects the lung from alveolar flooding. In this study we hypothesized that critical mediators of acute lung injury (ALI), such as interleukin-8 (IL-8) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), could directly antagonize the epithelial response to β adrenergic agonists. Short circuit current experiments revealed that IL-8 inhibits CFTR-specific β adrenergic agonist-stimulated vectorial Cl- transport across the apical membrane of primary rat and human alveolar epithelial type II (ATII). IL-8 also significantly decreased β adrenergic agonist-stimulated cAMP production resulting in the inhibition of the CFTR promoter activity and gene expression in ATII cells. We found that the TGF-β1-dependent inhibition required IL-8 and was mediated by desensitization the β adrenergic receptor through both TGF-β1 and IL-8 signaling pathways, implicating PI-3 kinase-GRK2 complex translocation to the plasma membrane. Consistent with the in vitro results, we showed that TGF-β1 requires IL-8 to inhibit the β adrenergic agonist-stimulated fluid transport across the distal airspace epithelium in vivo in rats. In summary, the results demonstrate for the first time the importance of the PI3K signaling pathway in amplifying the IL-8-dependent inhibition of the cAMP-mediated alveolar fluid transport. This mechanism has an important clinical relevance since it may modify the way the β adrenergic agonists could be used for the treatment of ARDS
Comps-Agrar, Laëtitia. "Aspects moléculaires et dynamiques du fonctionnement des oligomères de récepteurs couplés aux protéines G : cas du récepteur GABAB." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20211.
Full textThe G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) constitute the main family of transmembrane receptors. They are involved in many physiological processes and, as a consequence, they represent a therapeutic target of interest for the development of new drugs. Few studies have demonstrated that GPCRs are able to interact with each other to form oligomeric complexes. However, the existence in vivo and the functional interest of these oligomers remain a subject of intense debates. To address this issue, we have used a class C GPCR as a model, the γ-aminobutyrate B receptor (GABAB), which is involved in a wide variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders. This receptor has the particularity to be an obligatory heterodimer composed of two subunits GABAB1 and GABAB2 (GB1 and GB2). Agonist binding on GB1 leads to G-protein activation by GB2. During my thesis, we developed a new biophysical approach based on an enzyme-mediated fluorescent labeling calle d Snap-Tag and showed that, unlike metabotropic glutamate receptors, GABAB forms dimers of dimers (tetramers). This oligo-heterodimers organization is mediated via stable contacts between extracellular domains of GB1 subunits. Furthermore, we brought evidence of the physiological reality of this assembly using rat and mouse brain membranes. Then, we aimed at assessing what would be the functional rational of the GABAB dimer of heterodimers. Our results suggest that the GABAB receptor has a lower G protein-coupling efficacy when associated into dimers of dimers. Altogether, our data report for the first time, the existence of large allosteric GPCR complexes in the brain
Galvez, Thierry. "Oligomérisation et activation des récepteurs couplés aux protéines G : ce que révèle l'étude du récepteur GABAb." Montpellier 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON20068.
Full textLe, Marquer Morgane. "Etude de peptides sécrétés par le champignon mycorhizien à arbuscules Rhizophagus irregularis." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30267.
Full textArbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis is a beneficial association established between members of an ancient subphylum of fungi, the Glomeromycotina, and the roots of the majority of terrestrial plants. AM fungi provide water and minerals (mainly nitrogen and phosphorus) to their host plant in exchange for organic carbon in the form of hexoses and lipids. Recent studies have shown that certain proteins secreted by AM fungi are important symbiosis regulators (Kloppholz et al., 2011, Tsuzuki et al., 2016). Our aim was to identify new fungal proteins involved in the establishment of symbiosis. Proteins predicted to be preferentially secreted by the AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis in the roots were identified at the beginning of my thesis (Kamel et al., 2017). We noticed that some of them had a structure resembling the sex pheromone precursors of Ascomycota. These proteins are known to be processed in the secretory pathway into small peptides which are then secreted. Their recognition by a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) leads to cell fusion of two opposite sex types. In the case of R. irregularis, only clonal reproduction has been described. However, recent genomic data question its status as an asexual organism (Ropars et al., 2016). A large part of my thesis was dedicated to the functional characterization of this type of processed peptides in R. irregularis. We show that two of them are actually produced and secreted by R. irregularis. Treatments with synthetic forms of these peptides revealed that one of them stimulated the colonization of M. truncatula but was also perceived by the fungus itself, inducing the transcription of its own precursor gene and of a GPCR gene. This symbiosis-stimulating peptide is composed of only three amino acids and can be produced from three different protein precursors. Using reverse genetics (HIGS and VIGS), we confirmed the importance of these precursors in the symbiosis establishment. [...]
Boeuf, Julien. "Caractérisation des GASP, une nouvelle famille de protéines impliquées dans le trafic intracellulaire des récepteurs couplés aux protéines G." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2008/BOEUF_Julien_2008.pdf.
Full textG protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), one of the most important family of proteins, are distributed at the plasma membrane and are implicated in cell communication. They represent major targets for pharmaceutical drugs and their function is tightly regulated. Recently, we identified a novel family of proteins interacting with GPCRs. This family, called GASP, could have an important function in the proteolysis of the GPCRs, which is considered as a key feature of the regulation of GPCR activity. My PhD work focused on the domains of GASPs and GPCRs that are critical for the interaction between these two kinds of proteins, identifying a novel protein-protein interaction motif and designing and developing a small peptide capable of preventing this interaction. I also focused on the interaction between GASP-1 and -2 and the acetylcholine muscarinic M1 receptor, and the consequences of this interaction on the proteolysis of this receptor, showing for the first time the implication of GASPs in the intracellular trafficking of fast recycling GPCR. Finally, I studied the physiological role of GASP-1 using transgenic animals deficient in this protein. These mice showed notably alteration in behavioral and biochemical adaptive mechanisms related to acute and prolonged administration of cocaine. The regulation of the circadian rhythms was also assessed. Despite the lack of difference in terms of sleep-activity rhythm between wild-type and mutant mice, an interaction between the GASPs and the PER clock proteins, that leads to the modification of their subcellular distribution, was observed
Shabajee, Preety. "Contribution a l'identification des ligands endogènes de deux récepteurs couplés aux protéines G d'intérêt thérapeutique et d'un site de liaison à la mélatonine. MTx, a new melatonin binding site in sheep brain : discovery, characterization and molecular pharmacology." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR131.
Full textG-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) are the largest transmembrane protein family of the genome.Although, they are involved in numerous physiological processes, there are still some receptors among this family for which no ligand has been identified yet. These are called orphan receptors. We focused on two of these orphan receptors: GPR88 and GPR21, showing therapeutic potential in schizophrenia and diabetes mellitus, respectively. During this PhD thesis, we aimed to identify the ligands of these receptors using functional assays and by screening endogenous compounds libraries. Our approaches allowed us to identify the cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) as a source for the GPR88 receptor ligand. This molecule appears to be very polar with a molecular weight below 3kDa . We also ruled out some compounds contained in the CSF, that we identified in active fractions by mass spectrometry. Concerning GPR21, the assays developped in our laboratory did not permit to detect any specific activity in the libraries nor in the tested biological fluids. In a second part of this PhD program, we pharmacologically characterized a new melatonin (MLT) binding site, named MTx. This site was discovered through autoradiography experiments, with high radiolabelled doses of MLT. MLT is a hormone, mainly synthesized at night by the pineal gland. It is involved in numerous physiological processes and in regulating circadian and circannual rhythms. The identification of this new site, as well as deciphering its roles, might allow us to enrich our knowledge on MLT, and to understand the mode of action of some treatments involving melatoninergic compounds. This site has a pharmacological profile unprecedently described. It can bind both MLT and serotonin, which is not the case with classical melatoninergic nor serotoninergic receptors. Our objectives for the work on MTx, was to identify the gene/protein responsible for the MLT binding and subsequently perform functional studies to further characterize this protein
Pelé, Julien. "Analyse évolutive des récepteurs couples aux protéines G (RCPG)." Angers, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00858597.
Full textClass A G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute the largest family of transmembrane receptors in the human genome and are involved in the regulation of many physiological functions. Understanding the mechanisms that drove the evolution of this receptor family should allow a better knowledge of sequence-structure-function relationships of the different sub-families. To gain evolutionary information on GPCRs, we explored their sequence space by metric multidimensional scaling (MDS). We applied a new MDS technique which projects supplementary sequences onto a sequence space of reference and allows comparison of sequences from different species. Results show that receptors cluster in four groups and suggest that modern receptors evolved from ancestors of the peptide receptors along three main evolutionary pathways. Proline residues of transmembrane helices 2 and/or 5 are involved in two of these pathways. To further detail the mechanisms that led to the different sub-families, we analyzed covariations of residues at different hierarchical levels (class/group/sub-family). We tested different methods of covariation analysis in order to select a method robust at the different hierarchical levels. This method highlights sequence determinants that are crucial for the evolution of specific sub-families
Arcemisbehere, Laure. "Mise au point d'une stratégie de production de récepteurs couplés aux protéines G fonctionnels en quantités compatibles avec des études structurales." Montpellier 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON1T021.
Full textBellot, Morgane. "Caractérisation des dimères de récepteurs à l'angiotensine II AT1 et a2C-adrénergiques et conséquences fonctionnelles." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2185/.
Full textMechanisms of norepinephrine (NE) secretion via angiotensin (AT1) and alpha2-adrenergic (alpha2A/C-AR) receptors remains unknown. So we hypothesized the involvement of a AT1/alpha2C dimer. Our results show that these two receptors are able to interact directly and binding of angiotensin II (Ang II) or NA stabilize different conformations of the dimer. In addition, under conditions mimicking arterial hypertension (HTN; costimulation NA+AngII), AT1/alpha2C dimer adopts a new conformation. Using a new technique allowing a specific measure of intracellular signaling pathways activation only induced by AT1/alpha2C dimer, we demonstrated that costimulation induces a new signaling pathway involving the Galphas / PKA pathway. Finally, we studied the physiological relevance of this new entity in vivo by exploring the SNS activity in mice by microneurography. Surprisingly, co-injection AngII + NA causes an increased SNS activity, compared to the injection of AngII alone, suggesting a role of AT1/alpha2C dimer in the control of controlling SNS activity. In conclusion, all this work show for the first time the existence of the AT1/alpha2C dimer and especially the creation of a new pharmacological entity in HTN condition. In the longer term, AT1/alpha2C dimer may represent a new pharmacological entity that originally modulate the sympathetic tone and may be a new drug target in particular the treatment of HTN
Lemel, Laura. "Développement de la technologie des récepteurs couplés à un canal ionique pour la caractérisation fonctionnelle des récepteurs couplés aux protéines G." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAV062.
Full textG protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are membrane proteins involved in communication between cells via circulatingmessengers (hormones, neurotransmitters) as well as in the perception of the environment (vision, smell, taste). Theyare essential for many physiological functions (cardiac, respiratory...) and behavioral (social and emotional responses)and therefore represent interesting therapeutic targets.Within the Channels team, at the Institute of Structural Biology, an original biosensor was created, based onthe fusion of a GPCR to an ion channel (Kir6.2), called an Ion Channel-Coupled Receptor (ICCR). Conformationalchanges of the receptor induced by its activity (ligand binding, activation of G proteins) are directly transmitted to theion channel and allow the generation of an electrical signal easily detectable by electrophysiological techniques. Thesenew biosensors are powerful tools to study GPCR activity in real time.The main focus of the thesis was the study of the oxytocin receptor (OXTR), involved in childbirth,breastfeeding and social bonding. ICCR technology has been used for three projects during the thesis. The first aimedat studying the molecular mechanisms of cholesterol dependency of the oxytocin receptor and allowed theidentification of a new allosteric regulation mechanism between cholesterol and the ligand binding. A second projectfocused on the use of this biosensor to identify new types of ligands, selective to certain intracellular pathways, calledbiased ligands. Finally, a third project highlighted the effect of certain compounds, known as endocrine disruptors, onGPCRs. Endocrine disruptors are environmental pollutants which have potentially harmful effects on human health.Finally, a parallel project was dedicated to the study of pore formation by GPCR-dependent bacterial toxins.These proteins are called pore-forming toxins (PFTs), from the gamma hemolysin family and are produced by one ofthe most virulent human pathogens Staphylococcus aureus. Some of these toxins are able to bind very specifically tocertain GPCRs, members of the chemokine receptor family. They therefore play a vital role in numerous viralinfections and in some cancerous pathologies. New information concerning the mechanism of membrane insertion ofthese toxins during pore formation was discovered during this work
Louet, Maxime. "Étude à l'échelle moléculaire des protéines-G couplées à leurs récepteurs." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON1T014/document.
Full textHeterotrimeric G-proteins, constituted of α, β and γ subunits are the first actresses of the intra-cellular signal transduction and interact directly with G-protein Coupled Receptors (GPCR). The heterotrimer is able to bind either a GDP molecule (inactive state) or a GTP molecule (active state). The nucleotide exchange is triggered by the interaction with an activated GPCR and leads to the dissociation of the whole heterotrimer into two independant entities : α and tightly bound βγ subunits. Both subunits further propagate the signal into the intracellular compartment. Goals of the present work were to better understand the mechanics of G-proteins and GPCR by combining several molecular mechanics techniques such as Molecular Dynamics (MD) and Normal Mode Analysis (NMA).Firstly, we described large amplitude motions of the whole G-protein heterotrimer. In this study we developped a method to select relevant Normal Modes (NM), we called representative NM. We also developped a method which consists to extract a ligand (in our case the GDP) out of its binding pocket along computed NM. With these two new methods, we showed that a concerted motion of the α subunit would promote the opening of the pocket and the release of the GDP.Secondly, to refine our results, we performed free energy profiles reconstructions along several putative exit pathways of the GDP. Thus, we proposed for the first time a fine-tuned mechanism of GDP exit at the molecular scale and putative key-residues. We proposed also a molecular scale mechanism for the dissociation of the heterotrimeric G-protein through the use of the Targeted Molecular Dynamics (TMD). Finally we were interested in the study of the GPCR:G-protein complex. We performed two studies related to the activation and to the coupling of the macro-complex. We showed that G-protein constrain drastically the GPCR motions. One over-represented motion in the complex that was also retrieved in other crystallized structures of several different GPCRs thus suggested that this motion could be the putative activation motion of a GPCR when complexed to its favorite protein partners
Maurel, Damien. "Oligomérisation des récepteurs couplés aux protéines G : deux ou plus ? : application des technologies de FRET en temps résolu au cas du récepteur GABAb." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00165100.
Full textAu cours de ce travail de thèse nous avons développé une approche de FRET en temps résolu permettant de mettre en évidence, à l'aide d'anticorps marqués, des interactions de sous-unités de RCPG à la surface de cellules vivantes. En choisissant le récepteur GABAB comme modèle d'étude, cette approche a permis de révéler l'homo- et l'hétérodimérisation de ce récepteur à la surface cellulaire. De plus, en condition de perméabilisation des cellules, l'oligomérisation de la sous-unité GABAB1 retenue dans les compartiments intracellulaires a pu être caractérisée par cette même approche.
Afin d'analyser plus précisément l'organisation du récepteur GABAB, nous avons mis au point une deuxième méthode permettant de marquer irréversiblement à l'aide de fluorophores les sous-unités GABAB1 et GABAB2 présentes à la surface cellulaire. La combinaison de cette méthode de marquage (SNAP-tag) avec une analyse de FRET en temps résolu a permis de caractériser l'organisation oligomérique de ce récepteur. Ainsi, le récepteur GABAB, connu pour être un hétérodimère obligatoire, semble capable de former des oligomères via la sous-unité GABAB1 qui représente un point de contact entre deux hétérodimères. Le rôle d'une telle organisation sur la fonction de ce récepteur reste toutefois indéterminé.
Mailhac, Camille. "Développement d’outils pour l'étude de la signalisation médiée par les récepteurs couplés aux protéines G, basés sur l'utilisation d'anticorps à domaine unique de lama." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0405.
Full textThe main objective of my thesis was to develop technologies and tools to study activation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs).The cell surface is displaying a multitude of receptors, who play critical roles in cell-cell communication. Among them, GPCRs represent a large family relying on the use of intracellular G proteins for their signaling. Targeting these receptors for therapies is very promising and innovative. So far, only few new drugs have been put on the market, partly due to a lack of tools enabling the follow-up of their action on native cells.The aim of this thesis is thus to develop simple assays to study activation of any GPCRs. To develop this kind of test, we used antibody fragments called nanobodies. Antibodies are blood protein produced in response to and counteracting a specific antigen. Nanobodies correspond to antibody fragments derived from the variable domain of a special class of camelid antibodies. Because of their small size (13 kDa) and reduced antigen binding site, nanobodies often bind cavities and show a high sensitivity to antigen conformational changes
Thomas, Cécile. "Synthèse de ligands pour l'étude des récepteurs couplés aux protéines G : Ligands pour le récepteur dopaminergique D3 et voies de synthèse sur support solide de ligands pour les récepteurs orphelins." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR13083.
Full textThe G protein-coupled receptors are an extremely significant class of therapeutic targets. One challenge is to design potent, selective and possibly labelled ligands to understand the physiological and physiopathological role of these receptors. In the present study, ligands were thus synthesized for the dopaminergic D3 subtype, involved in pathologies such as addiction, schizophrenia or Parkinson's disease. We designed a new original family of molecules derived from BP 897, with the aim of increasing the D3 versus D2 selectivity. Fast and effective synthesis routes were also developed to provide labelled derivatives of BP 897. Thus, the synthesis of two precursors for positrons emission tomography should allow the study of the cerebral distribution and occupancy of the D3 receptor. In addition, we tried to develop a new screening test based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer in order to screen libraries on the D3 receptor in a simple, fast, cheap and safe way. This should allow the discovery of new molecules with varied affinity, selectivity, efficacy and chemical structure. Thus, five fluorescent derivatives or analogues of BP 897 were synthesized, among which one could be used as the labelled ligand for screening. Lastly, we developed a strategy for the discovery of the first ligand of new targets resulting from decoding of the genome, the orphan receptors, whose physiopathological implication remains to be explored. In an attempt to generate a targeted library for screening, a route was developed for the solid-phase synthesis of molecules containing arylpiperazine, a current scaffold in many ligands
Tisserant, Flavia. "Identification et caractérisation de modulateurs allostériques du récepteur GLP-1R." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007STR13246.
Full textThe Glucagon-Like-Peptide-1 Receptor (GLP-1R) belongs to the G protein coupled receptor family and represents a promising target for the treatment of chronic neurodegenerative disorders and diabetes. A screening assay based on Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) technology was developed to identify a new class of ligands. To look specifically for allosteric modulators, FRET assay was established on the orphanised GLP-1R: the receptor was deleted from its endogenous agonist binding site by truncation of the N-terminal domain. The screening campaign led to the discovery of several allosteric compounds binding the GLP-1R transmembrane region. The functional characterization revealed that some of them act as positive allosteric modulators by enhancing agonist-stimulated responses. These allosteric compounds of GLP-1R also potentiate the insulin release of pancreatic -cells in vitro and therefore offer new perspectives for the treatment of type 2 diabetes
Simon, Anne. "Activité constitutive et plasticité de distribution des récepteurs couplés aux protéines G." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066304.
Full textLabbe, Olivier. "Contribution à la caractérisation de 3 récepteurs orphelins couplés aux protéines G." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212314.
Full textSurgand, Jean-Sébastien. "Développement de nouvelles méthodes bioinformatiques pour l'étude des récepteurs couplés aux protéines G." Strasbourg 1, 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2006/SURGAND_Jean-Sebastien_2006.pdf.
Full textG-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are membrane proteins responsible for the transduction of signals from outside into the cell. Distributed in the whole body, they are implied in various physiological functions, like vision, olfaction, cellular growth and adhesion, etc. They are targeted by a tremendous diversity of possible ligands: photons, ions, biogenic amines, hormones, glycoproteins, olfactive and gustative molecules, etc. A GPCR is composed of 7 transmembrane α-helices linked together by intra- and extracellular loops. These 7 α-helices delineate a cavity. Ligands bind either in this cavity, or on the extracellular loops, activating the receptor that will link to a G-protein inside the cell, initiating a cascade of secondary messengers. Up to now, the bovine rhodopsin is the only known crystallographic structure, bringing a valuable structural information. GPCRs present a big pharmacological interest. Their diversity and the numerous functions they control get them involved in numerous pathologies. More than 30% of new commercialized drugs target GPCRs. Furthermore, many GPCRs are still orphan, without known ligand, and hence constitute potential pharmacological targets. GPCRs form a superfamily of more than one thousand members. Three out of four are involved in the perception of olfactive molecules. The binding site of most GPCRs is located in the transmembrane cavity; but for some of them, it is located outside the membrane and the ligand binds an extracellular loop. But even for these cases, all receptors show a transmembrane cavity on which we will concentrate during this work. Several classifications of GPCRs have been proposed: phylogenetic classifications, or based on statistical automata, or on physicochemical fingerprints, or based on their amino-acid composition. But none of them takes into account precisely the pharmacolo- gical point of view of the ligand (the drug). That's why we propose a new classification of GPCRs which is pharmacologically- oriented. It is based on the study of some residues of the transmembrane cavity supposed to be critical and to interact with the ligand. We start from a dataset of 369 sequences of human nonolfactory GPCRs, as \clean" as possible. Then we align automatically the transmembrane parts, but with a manual check following. Then we extract 30 critical residues by studying the cavity of bovine rhodopsin, which transmembrane parts share a high identity score with the human rhodopsin (94%). We suppose that these 30 residues are critical for all GPCRs, i. E. The fold of all GPCRs is overall conserved. This hypothesis is supported by several publications. Eventually, we classify these sequences by an agglo merative hierarchical clustering algorithm (UPGMA). The distances between sequences are simply the identity scores between them. A bootstrap procedure brings a statistical support to the classification, that leads to 22 well-defined clusters. Our classification agrees the recently published GRAFS classification (a phylogenetic analysis of 342 human non-olfactory GPCRs): resulting clusters correspond to already identified families and subfamilies, with slight differences. This classi¯cation can be applied to ¯nd new targets to ligands that share some common substructures (called priviledged structures). We start from ligands with known receptors, we seek among the 30 critical residues of these receptors those that participate to the binding. Then we seek for other receptors that share the same residues. We can eventually propose these new receptors as putative targets for the ligands we started with. A second straightforward application of the classification is the deorphanization of receptors, i. E. The discovery of a fisrt ligand for an orphan receptor. We propose, as a starting point for an orphan receptor, the known ligands of the receptors of the same cluster. The relevence of a classification based on the transmembrane cavities for receptors which binding site is not the this cavity is questionable. However we find that even the families for which the ligand bind outside the membrane (secretin and glutamate families) are well identified and well separated. In a second time, we built another classification of GPCRs, based on 3D homology models rather than on sequences. To simplify, we try to take the point of view of a ligand inside a cavity. We put a conceptual sphere, that stands for the ligand, at the center of gravity of the cavity. This sphere is tessellated into 80 triangles, with same size, homogenously dispatched. Then we project from the β carbon of the residues some phy sicochemical and geometrical information into the triangles. Eventually we compare the spheres, each comparison gives a score used to build a distance matrix and a classification with the same method as for the previous one. This method is quite fuzzy (low resolution discretization, projection from the β carbons and not from all atoms) to hide the errors due to modelling. The models are prealigned on the cristal structure of bovine rhodopsin. But unfortu- nately these alignments were not precise enough to build a distance matrix. So we coded a structural alignment tool to refine the alignments. This tool is guided by the previsouly- described score to find an alignment between two cavities. The best score gives the output alignment. The resulting clustering is homogenous with the previous one, but the number of non-classified receptors (singletons) is higher. Interestingly, the receptor DUFFY, not classified by our previous clustering, is classified here in the Chemokine cluster, in agree- ment with the Swiss-Prot database classification. Our classification leads to a structural alignment tool adapted to work on models, but that can also work on crystal structures
Harris, Simon. "L'exploitation des RCPG : l'exploration de nouvelles possibilités pour biocapteurs basés sur des protéines." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAV056.
Full textG protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of human membrane proteins, and are responsible for controlling many physiological functions. The range of activators and ligands is unparalleled, these include, hormones, neurotransmitters, sugars, proteins, peptides, and light energy. The ion channel-coupled receptor (ICCR) is an artificial ligand-gated ion channel, based on the fusion of a GPCR and the Ktsub{ir}6.2 ion channel. When the GPCR component is activated by its ligand, conformational changes are passed from the receptor to the channel, altering its flow. This effect can be easily measured by two-electrod voltage-clamp.Due to the huge repertoire of naturally-occurring GPCRs, these molecular sensors are ideal for use in biosensors. Many ICCRs have already been created from different GPCRs, such as for the Muscarinic M2 and Dopamine D2 receptors. The aim of this work is to expand the ICCR technology into the realm of olfactory receptors.Olfactory receptors are some of the least well-studied GPCRs, despite the fact they represent about half of the entire GPCR family in humans. Olfactory receptors are also some of the most interesting, when considering biosensing applications. They are able to detect, sometimes at extremely low concentrations, volatile organic compounds present in the air. This ability to detect compounds within a gaseous phase presents opportunities for the fields of non-invasive diagnostic, and environmental analysis.Difficulties with the heterologous expression of olfactory receptors were encountered, and so efforts were made to develop the technique in new directions. First attempts were made at expressing ICCRs in insect cells were carried out, and the proteins seemed to express very well. Furthermore, the characterisation of a chimeric receptor, based on the fusion of two GPCRs was attempted, and this chimeric receptor was shown to be functional. This work could provide a way to easily create new ICCRs
Elies, Rozenn. "Anticorps anti-récepteurs cardiaques couplés aux protéines G dans la maladie de Chagas." Tours, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOUR3803.
Full textIorio-Morin, Christian. "Nouveau mécanisme de régulation de l'apoptose par les récepteurs couplés aux protéines G." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6237.
Full textFiez-Vandal, Cédric Pierre. "Towards structural studies on G protein-coupled receptors." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2008/FIEZ-VANDAL_Cedric_Pierre_2008.pdf.
Full textG protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) mediate the majority of cellular responses to hormones and neurotransmitters. Consequently, they constitute the largest family of pharmaceutical targets. Here, we report progress made in expressing and purifying mammalian GPCRs from the MePNet collection in the methylotrophic Pichia pastoris yeast expression system. Beginning initially with flask cultures and subsequently with medium cell density fermentor cultures, GPCRs, expressed with N-ter FLAG epitope and decahistidine, and C-ter biotinylation fusion tags, were subjected to various purification methods. The use of home made streptavidine-coated beads in batch gave the most success in purifying these GPCRs. After having checked their oligomerization state, three dimensional crystallization trials were conducted by using the sitting-drop technique. Other approaches included generating fusion proteins to enhance expression and stability, and to increase the amount of hydrophilic surface area