Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Récepteur des lymphocytes T (TCR)'
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Miloro, Giorgia. "Déterminer le rôle du récepteur de mort Fas/CD95 dans la co-stimulation des cellules T." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COAZ6036.
Full textFas (CD95/TNFRSF6), a type-I transmembrane receptor of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily, is a well-known cell death activator. However, it has been also implicated in non-cell death processes including cell survival, differentiation, migration. Whereas the molecular cascade that initiates apoptosis upon Fas engagement with its ligand FasL is particularly well described, the informations concerning the molecular mechanisms underlying the Fas mediated non-apoptotic pathways are sparse.As indicated by the induction of autoimmunity and lymphoproliferation in ALPS patients harboringmutations in either the receptor or its ligand, the Fas/FasL system plays a major role in T cell immune homeostasis and thus, in the control of autoimmunity and cancer. On one side, the Fas mediated death has been described critical for (i) the deletion of autoreactive lymphocytes, and thus in the maintenance of peripheral tolerance; (ii) the control of the number of lymphocytes activated by weak antigens during pathogen infections.On the other side, and beyond cell death induction, some Fas non-death pathways have been described in T cells, among which the role of Fas as co-regulatory receptor for the TCR during its activation. Despite the potential importance of this role in immunotherapeutic strategies, only few and controversial studies related to this involvement were done. Indeed, whereas several studies have described Fas as a TCR co-stimulatory receptor, others defined an inhibition of T cell activation by Fas-TCR concomitant stimulation. In this context, the aim of my PhD project consisted into molecularly dissect the Fas-TCR co-signaling.By using both primary T cells and cell lines bearing a specific transgenic TCR, we could define Fas as a costimulatory receptor. By exploiting biochemical approaches as well as flow cytometry and microscopy we could decipher the Fas-TCR crosstalk both at functional and molecular level. First, we show that Fas-TCR costimulation occurs in both naïve and in memory T cells as well as in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subpopulations.Molecularly, we could describe that Fas enhances the TCR signaling at membrane proximal level, since the phosphorylation of the first proteins involved in TCR activation is increased. Furthermore, both membrane-bound and soluble FasL are capable to initiate Fas co-stimulatory signal. Lastly, we could exclude the involvement of FADD and Caspase-8, first actors of Fas signaling, in the co-activation, and even more importantly, the involvement of the death domain of Fas cytoplasmic tail, unveiling the implication of another Fas receptor domain. To describe the molecular mechanisms and the context where Fas-TCR co-stimulation occurs might be of an outstanding importance in the comprehension of Fas physiopathology in T cells and for future studies that might involve its potential for immunotherapeutic strategies
Semana, Gilbert. "Immunogénétique de la sclérose en plaques : rôle des gènes du CMH et du récepteur des lymphocytes T pour l'antigène (TCR)." Rennes 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993REN1B004.
Full textGuillet, Marina. "Analyse de la régulation du TCR dans différentes situations immunologiques." Nantes, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NANT12VS.
Full textUsing a new global approach referred to as TcLandscape, we previously observed that direct -type pathway of allorecognition was associated with a strong accumulation of V~ transcript without skewing of CDR3 length distribution. Such a pattern was also observed in vivo in acute rejection of cardiac allografts and in acute delayed rejection of " accommodated " cardiac xenografis in rats. In contrast, T cell infiltrating cardiac tolerated allografis showed an altered pattern of TCR V~ chain that might represent the molecular signature of regulatory T cells. This pattern allowed to attribute quantitative difference in the response of different T cell families. This quantitative/qualitative approach allowed to follow over time the effect of an immune-based therapy in HIV-1 infected patients vaccinated with a mixture of lipopeptides
Bernatchez, Chantale. "Signalisation du récepteur des lymphocytes T (TCR) dans le thymus : interactions entre différentes voies MAPK (mitogen activated protein kinase) et régulation par l'adénosine." Thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2004/21803/21803.pdf.
Full textIken, Saci. "Immunothérapie cellulaire adoptive des maladies à prions par transfert de lymphocytes T CD4+ TCR transgéniques." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066725.
Full textMajri, Sonia. "Regulation of CD4⁺ memory T cell homeostasis by STAT5 during TCR restimulation." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC139.
Full textSignal transducer and activator transcription (STAT) proteins are essential transcription factors regulating gene expression involved in many biological functions especially immune responses. Here we report a patient with a de novo heterozygous missense mutation in STAT5B gene resulting in altered STAT5 transcriptional function. The patient presented with immune thrombocytopenia, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, an antibody class switching defect and granulocytosis with necrotizing granulomas. We found a specific dysregulation of CD4+ T cell subsets with an abnormal accumulation of effector memory T (TEM) cells. Transcriptome analysis in patient's T cells revealed a selective downregulation of the STAT5-dependent IL-2 signaling pathway. We found that TEM cells from the patient were resistant to in vitro TCR restimulation-induced cell death. These results demonstrate a key role of STAT5 in memory T cell homeostasis by regulating cell death during TCR restimulation
Irles, Machuca Claudine L. "Étude sur la fonction de la protéine tyrosine phosphatase CD45 dans l'activation des lymphocytes T : évidences sur le rôle clé de l'ectodomaine dans la régulation du seuil d'activation." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066184.
Full textWurtz, Olivier. "Développement d'un nouveau modèle de souris transgéniques permettant un marquage génique des cellules Th1 et Th2, et rôle des signaux dérivés du TCR et des récepteurs aux cytokines dans la différenciation des cellules Th1." Aix-Marseille 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX22041.
Full textLeal, Sanchez Juana. "Rôle de la protéine Daxx dans la signalisation des récepteurs TCR et Fas, deux voies de signalisation principales de l'homéostasie lymphocytaire T." Nice, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NICE4055.
Full textDaxx (Death Associated protein) is a multifunctional adaptor protein involved in several signalling pathways. During my PhD, I studied the role of Daxx in T cell homeostasis, focussing on its role in Fas and TCR-CD3 signalling pathways. The activation of Fas pathway, by the engagement of the receptor Fas by its ligand, induces cell death. After activation, the proteins Fadd and Caspase 8 are recruited to Fas, forming the Death Inducing Signalling Complex (DISC). We have shown that, in T cells, Daxx is also recruited to Fas after activation, enhancing the DISC formation. In fact, in T cells in which Daxx has been abolished (by the overexpressing a dominant negative form of Daxx (Daxx-DN) or by siRNA technique) Fas-induced cell death is inhibited because of the impaired Daxx recruitment to the receptor, preventing DISC formation. On the other hand, the activation of TCR-CD3 signalling pathway by the antigen in T cells generates a signal inducing proliferation. The recruitment of the protein ZAP70 to the TCR-CD3 complex and its phosphorylation are initial steps of this pathway. We have shown that Daxx is also recruited to TCR-CD3 complex, what prevents the recruitment of phosphorylated ZAP70 to the signalling complex and so inhibits TCR-induced proliferation. Indeed, we have observed, in vivo and in vitro, that TCR-induced proliferation is increased in T cells in which Daxx has been abolished because of the impaired recruitment of Daxx to the TCR-CD3 complex, enhancing phosphorylated ZAP70 recruitment. All together, these results show that Daxx is a critical regulator element in T cell homeostasis
Dong, Shen. "Caractérisation de deux nouveaux mécanismes de régulation de l'initiation du signal induit par le récepteur pour l'antigène du lymphocyte T." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066163.
Full textBriant, Laurence. "Immunogénétique du diabète insulino-dépendant et de la sclérose en plaques : marqueurs HLA-DQ, des gènes des "Tumor Necrosis Factor" (TNF) et des récepteurs des lymphocytes T pour l'antigène (TCR)." Toulouse 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU30278.
Full textSawicka, Anna. "Aspects biophysiques de l'activation des cellules T." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCB079.
Full textT cells play many roles in the adaptive immune response: they stimulate B cells for the production of antibodies; they secrete cytokines, which guide the action of other immune cells; they kill infected or mutated cells of the body; they assure the immune memory, staying ready to respond upon another infection with the same pathogen. All T cells activate when they recognise their specific antigen: a short peptide presented on the major histocompatibility complex on the surface of the antigen-presenting cell. The binding of the T cell receptor (TCR) to this antigen triggers a cascade of signalling events inside the T cell, resulting in cytoskeleton modifications, changes in the expression levels of different genes, and proliferation. One of the early responses of T cells to the antigen recognition is force generation. T cells, upon TCR triggering, push and pull on the antigen-presenting cell. Although the body of research concerning these forces has been recently growing, their nature and role is still largely unknown. The goal of my PhD project was to characterise the pushing and pulling forces generated by T cells. I measured the forces with the micropipette force probe, which uses a glass micropipette as a cantilever of known bending stiffness. The technique allowed to measure the maximal force generated by T cells and the speed at which T cells generated forces (force rate), and, simultaneously, to track the morphology of cells as seen from the side. These experiments revealed that human primary resting CD4+ T cells, when activated with antibodies against CD3 and CD28 molecules, followed a sequence of morphology changes and force generation. This sequence was qualitatively the same for CD4+ T lymphoblasts, a model of effector T cells. The sequence was then studied in the biological context of T cell activation. As different antigen-presenting cells, with which T cells interact in the body, were shown to have different mechanical properties, I varied the bending stiffness of the micropipette probe, to measure the response of T cells to targets of different stiffness. The force rate changed with this bending stiffness, indicating that force generation in T cell activation is a mechanosensitive process. Next, the conditions necessary for force generation were investigated. Binding to antibodies against CD45 molecule did not result in force generation, suggesting that force generation is specific to TCR triggering. To dissect the contribution of the different components of the actin cytoskeleton to the process, T cells were treated with different cytoskeleton inhibitors. The largest influence was found with SMIFH2, an inhibitor of formins, suggesting an important role for formins in force generation in early T cell activation. This work contributes to the understanding of the biophysical aspects of T cell activation. It shows that force generation is incorporated into the early events of the activation process, and is directly influenced by the stiffness of the T cell target. Further work is needed to link the force generation with the signalling pathways induced by TCR triggering, to explain the molecular basis of T cell mechanosensitivity. This link will open the possibility of functional studies of forces in T cell activation, to answer the open questions regarding the function of T cells in physiology and pathology of the immune system
Soula-Rothhut, Mahdhia. "Etude de la phosphorylation de la P56Ick et détection des sites de phosphorylation par les voies de signalisation CD4 et TcR/CD3 dans les cellules T." Paris 7, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA077343.
Full textTongiani, Stefania. "Etude de la population lymphocytaire de patients atteints d'hépatite virale C chronique." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10049.
Full textOur study was the evaluation of the lymphocytes T will intra hepatic (UH) specific or no of the virus ofhepatitis C (YHC) obtained starting from the hepatic biopsies of the patients infected bychronic hepatitis C (HCC). Considering the number of the UH extracted from an insufficient biopsyto allow a functional analysis, we set up an experimental protocol which does not imply any specific antigenic stimulation. The diversity ofT cell receptor(TCR) was studied by molecular analysis of area COR3 with the technique of analysis by RT-PCR and immunotluorescence for the receptor Y beta. Ooes not exist a preferential expansion of a population Yb respect with un' other among the 24 families Yb studitrl. The study shows that the answer will intra hepatic during the infection is poly clonally. The use of the technique of the tetramers classifies 1 tluorescent CMH class 1 charged with peptides YHC (core 35, NS3, NS5), us made it possible to evaluate in cytometry of tlow the frequency of a population of specific L T COS Chronic stimulation can coat the expression on cells L T C08+ of the inhibiting receivers NKRs (natural killer) likely is functions effector that inhibiting the expression of KIRs misses on the virgin cells, but is expressed on the cells memory controlling theeffectors functions negatively, while the hétero dimer inhibiting C094/NKG2A is expressedon the cells effector/memory and depends on the TCR distribution L T C08 expressing NKG2A (receptor ofmolecules HLA-E) and molecules of the group KIR (CD I58a and b) which bind molecules HLA-C. We observed a positive correlation between the frequency intra- hepatic of cells TC08+ expressing NKG2A and the degree of severity of the lesions
Oruganti, Sreenivasa Rao. "Regulation of activation of NF-κB by Calmodulin in T-lymphocytes." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för molekylärbiologi (Medicinska fakulteten), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-46561.
Full textTurqueti, Neves Adriana. "Recognition of renal cell carcinoma by CD8+ and CD4+ TCR-engineered T lymphocytes." Diss., lmu, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-128858.
Full textSoubiès, Sébastien Boullier Séverine. "Étude des mécanismes moléculaires concourant à la mobilité des TCR en surface des lymphocytes T." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/2077/1/debouch_2077.pdf.
Full textLaplagne, Chloé. "Activation des lymphocytes T gamma delta dans les cancers." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30109.
Full textGamma delta T lymphocytes (TL) exhibit structural and functional heterogeneity and form a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity. They include in particular Vgamma9Vdelta2 TL, which represent 1 to 5% of circulating TL, a proportion which can quickly increase in response to stress (inflammation, infection or cancer). Vgamma9Vdelta2 TL are very cytotoxic and produce many proinflammatory cytokines. These functions are enabled following the recognition of non peptide antigens by their TCR, called phosphoantigens (PAgs), independently of the MHC molecules. Various studies have shown that Vgamma9Vdelta2 TL are capable of killing a large panel of tumor cells from solid and hematological cancers, but this effect is limited by the appearance of anergy. Their activation is mediated by various proteins, in particular the butyrophilins (BTN) BTN2A1 and BTN3A1, forming a complex around the TCR Vgamma9Vdelta2 and allowing recognition of PAg. Other actors also intervene to regulate this mechanism; like the ABCA-1 transporter or RhoB protein. Since the role of RhoB during the activation of Vgamma9Vdelta2 TL by solid cancers is not clearly defined, the first objective of my thesis was to further clarify this mechanism, using an in vitro model of lung cancer. In addition, the Vgamma9Vdelta2 TL have the original but little studied ability to be activated in the absence of target cell. Thus, the objective of the second part of my thesis was to characterize this "self activation". All of these results underline the importance of understanding the complex mechanism of activation of LT Vgamma9Vdelta2 to improve their efficacy in the clinic
Huang, Eugene Y. "The effect of enforced Notch signaling on TCR beta, positive, and negative selection of developing T cells /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8350.
Full textRivera, Reyes Brenda Mariola. "Regulation of the TCR signaling pathway." Connect to text online, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=case1132588714.
Full textSmelty, Philippe. "Caractérisation de la chaîne pré-TCR alpha, constituant du pré-TCR, chez les vertébrés non-mammaliens : étude comparative." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066740.
Full textWei, Cheng-Hong. "Regulation of T cell activation and death by the affinity of TCR for peptide/MHC complexes /." Stockholm : Karolinska Univ. Press, 2002. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2002/91-7349-239-6.
Full textMancini, Stéphane. "Différenciation des lymphocytes T et recombinaison des gènes du TCR : quel rôle pour le pré-TCR dans la régulation du réarrangement des gènes codant pour la chaîne [alpha] du TCR ?" Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE10116.
Full textLarbi, Anis. "Rôle des radeaux lipidiques dans l'immunosénescence des sous-populations de lymphocytes T humains." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2005. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4225.
Full textSalles, Audrey. "Influence de l'organisation latérale de la membrane sur l'activation lymphocytaire T." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX22137.
Full textLipid rafts are membrane nanodomains enriched in chrolesterol and sphingolipids, which ahave previously been implanted in TCR signaling mechanisms. This contention, however, has beacome highly controversial due to experimental difficulties to study these membrane organizations in vivo. Using non invasive treatments that target specific lipid biosynthesis, we have studied the influence of lateral membrane organization in T lymphocyte activation. By using biophysical approaches, we have demonstrated that in murine CD4+Tcelles, TCR, CD4 and Lck are constitutively and dynamically trapped in lipid rafts, whereas CD45 is excluded. Moreover, this pre-organization impacts binding of TCR to the MHC II-peptide complex and controls the initiation of early TCR signaling. To investigate the role of these structures within individual live cells, we have developed a new high throughput methodology to monitor the calcium mobilization in T cells. We have confirmed the influence of membrane rafts in TCR signaling. Our results have thus demonstrated that pre-organization of TCR signaling protagonists by lipid rafts play a major role in the initiation of T cell antigen recognition
Legrand, Julie. "Rôle du récepteur P2X7R dans le maintien de l'homéostasie des lymphocytes T." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA11T040.
Full textHao, Yi. "Mécanismes de sélection et de survie des lymphocytes T CD8+ et lymphocytes B." Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077202.
Full textAfter cell maturation, the repertoire selection and lymphocyte survival in the periphery are controlled by homeostatic mechanisms to keep the equilibrium. In the present work, selection and peripheral survival of CD8+ T cells and B cells were studied. The requirements for TCR signaling for T cell survival have been subjected to much debate and controversial fmdings. It is yet unclear whether ail lymphocytes are similarly dependent on TCR/MHC triggering for survival and/or LDP. We studied the peripheral survival and clone sizes of three monoclonal Tg CD8 T cell populations in conditions of progressive reduction of restricting MHC-bearing cells or ablation of different MHC molecules. We observed heterogeneous requirement of TCR/MHC signal for peripheral CD8+ T cells survival. The number of MHC class I molecules expressing cells and the ability of the TCR to recognize different MHC molecules determine CD8+ T cell survival and-the size of peripheral pool. Thus, although repertoire selection in the thymus is mainly conditioned by the affinity of TCR-MHC interactions, peripheral selection is determined by TCR cross-reactivity to environmental ligands. The effects of varying quantifies of self-antigen in- the development and selection of conventional B cells were examined by using a mouse model in which HEL-specific BCR transgenic B cells develop in the presence of the neo self-antigen HEL. We demonstrated that developing self-reactive B cells are not always highly sensitive to the deletion mechanisms imposed by membrane-bound self-antigens. Our findings demonstrated that conventional B cells can undergo positive selection and that the fate of a self-reactive B cell depends on the quantity of self-antigen, the number of BCRs engaged, and on its overall antigen-binding avidity, rather than on the affinity of individual BCRs. Previous studies in the lab have demonstrated that peripheral B cell selection follows the rule "first corne, first served" and that IgM-secreting cells are generated from a pool of stable activated B cells with an independent homeostasis. We questioned whether Ig secretion by the first population was responsible for the feedback effect observed. To test this hypothesis we used B cells from mutant mice, which are unable to secrete IgM. The production of IgM by the second population was still inhibited. Our findings indicate that IgM secretion does not mediate the feedback effect. We are currently testing alternative mechanisms. In addition, we studied the role of toll-like receptors in the development of B lymphocytes. We showed that the immature B cell compartment of young, but not adult, TLR9-defïcient mice developed earlier than that of wild type C57BL/6 mice. By a competitive repopulation strategy we showed that TLR9 signaling is necessary at key checkpoints of the murine B cell developmental program, selection into secondary lymphoid organs, and differentiation into Ig-secreting plasma cells. However, this role of TLR9 seems to be MyD88-independent
Villarese, Patrick. "Apport de l'analyse des réarrangements du TCR dans l'oncogenèse et l'ontogénie T." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA05S007.
Full textT cells mature in the thymus through a highly regulated process mediated by intrinsic factors (e.g. transcription factors) and extrinsic factors (e.g. cytokines or stromal cells). The acquisition of T lymphoid commitment during thymopoiesis, originating from a bone marrow precursor, is carried out through successive stages defined by the expression of various surface molecules and the precisely ordered TCR gene rearrangements; TCRd being the first to occur, followed by the TCRg and TCRb, and finally TCRa. TCR rearrangements are also highly coordinated in T acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) despite the successive accumulation of oncogenic events. It is thus possible to define three immunogenetic subgroups of T-ALL; (I) the immature forms that do not express cytoplasmic TCRb, (ii) mature T-ALL which express a surface TCR and finally (iii) intermediate T-ALL, termed preab, which express intracytoplasmic TCRb without membrane expression of a TCR ab or gd Complex. In the latter subgroup, classically termed cortical T-ALL, two oncogenic transcription factors belonging to the NKL family of homeobox genes, TLX1 and TLX3, are commonly deregulated. We have previously demonstrated the direct role of TLX oncoproteins in the process of maturation arrest through their interaction with the ETS1 transcription factor, which blocks expression and rearrangements of TCRa. Not all cortical T-ALL cortical overexpress TLX1 nor TLX3, however, suggesting that other NKL family genes might be involved in the maturation arrest. We therefore, conducted a transcriptional analysis of all 46 NKL family genes in a large series of T-ALL and compared the results with those obtained in sorted human thymic subpopulations. We identified 10 ‘ectopic’ deregulated genes in T-ALL, including 6 genes whose deregulation was previously unknown in this leukemia. By combining high resolution CGH array, allelic of TCRa locus dosage and a novel TCRa RT-PCR multiplex, we show that these deregulated NKL genes also lead to inhibition of TCRa rearrangement, similar to that observed with TLX. These date demonstrate that homeobox inhibition of TCRa rearrangement is likely to explain the maturation arrest in the majority of cortical T-ALL, the commonest and most emblematic subgroup in this leukemia. Anaplastic lymphoma (ALCL), which are characterized by t(2;5) driven aberrant expression of ALK, express T activation markers (CD30), cytotoxic (granzyme, perforin, TIA1), and clonal TCR rearrangements in the intriguing absence of TCR/CD3 signaling. It is not clear at what stage of development ALCL lymphomagenesis is initiated, but as the expression of NPM is ubiquitous, it is possible that this translocation occurs before thymic egress. To investigate this, we analyzed all TCR(a,b,g,d) by PCR and CGH array in a series of human ALCL and compared these results with a T lymphomagenesis murine model in which NPM-ALK is regulated by the CD4 promoter. We crossed this first model with RAG deficient transgenic mice in the presence or not of a TCR transgene (OT1), to study the role of the TCR in tumor development. NPM-ALK expression from the earliest stages of thymic differentiation allow the fusion transcript to replace TCRb during the cortical thymic cellular expansion process known as "beta-selection". A TCR is, however, necessary for thymus egress, but is subsequently lost during the development of ALCL in the periphery, suggesting that the coexistence of TCR and NPM-ALK signaling is not compatible with lymphomagenesis and that the TCR may act as a tumor suppressor gene. In conclusion, we have delineated the involvement of TCRa in two models of oncogenesis. In T-ALL, NKL oncoproteins NKL prevent TCRa rearrangements and block cells at the highly proliferative TCRb-selection cortical thymic stage. In ALCL, a functional TCR appears to act as a tumor suppressor gene. Both models pave the way to differentiation therapy via TCR modulation
Rouquette-Jazdanian, Alexandre. "Rafts lipidiques et activation lymphocytaire par le complexe CD3-TCR : rôle du cholestérol et de la sphingomyeline." Nice, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NICE4041.
Full textNaouel, Hachehouche Lamia. "Expression du récepteur à domaine discoïdine 1 chez le lymphocyte T et son implication dans la migration cellulaire." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20908.
Full textMellouk, Amine. "Rôle des récepteurs purinergiques P2X7 et d'apoptose Fas dans l'homéostasie des lymphocytes T et le développement des maladies auto-immunes." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS221.
Full textMy project aims to determine the role of the purinergic receptor P2X7 (P2X7R) in the pathophysiological processes involved in the development of autoimmune lupus-like syndrome. MRL/lpr mice, deficient for the cell death receptor Fas (lpr mutation), spontaneously develop this pathology following the accumulation of pathogenic B220+CD4−CD8− (DN) T lymphocytes in secondary lymphoid organs. We have observed that these lymphocytes are also deficient in P2X7R cell surface expression. This led us to hypothesize that P2X7R could play a key role in T cell homeostasis and lupus development. To test our hypothesis, we produced B6 mice deficient for both Fas (lpr) and P2X7R (P2X7KO). These mice, but not single mutant B6 mice (lpr or P2X7KO), develop a massive accumulation of DN B220+ T lymphocytes and high levels of autoantibodies and proinflammatory cytokines, confirming for the first time the involvement of P2X7R in T-cell homeostasis. I have found that the pathogenic DN T lymphocytes are predominantly derived from the CD8+ T lymphocyte subpopulation. Chronic inflammation in B6/lpr P2X7KO mice induces the activation of the whole CD4+ and CD8+ naïve T lymphocyte subpopulations leading to the accumulation of Effector/Memory and exhausted T lymphocytes. Accumulated T-cells lose the ability to be reactivated. To confirm these results, I compared the adaptive immune response against adenovirus between mice deficient for Fas (lpr mutation), P2X7R-deficient mice or both receptors. The cellular and the humoral responses were lower in the B6/lpr-P2X7KO mouse strain compared to B6, B6-P2X7KO and B6/lpr mouse strains. The antiviral immune response in the B6/lpr mice was lower than in B6 and B6-P2X7KO mice. These results reinforce our hypothesis about the synergistic role of both receptors in the maintaining of T cell homeostasis. Ours results suggest that Fas and P2X7R play their synergistic role in T-cell homeostasis. In collaboration with a team from the University of Taiwan, we sequenced the mRNAs expressed in the spleen and lymph nodes of MRL/lpr mice before and after the onset of the diseases as well as in the B6, B6/lpr, B6 P2X7KO and B6/lpr P2X7KO mouse strains in order to better understand the mechanism triggering the disease and to identify the role of each receptor on the expression of the susceptibility loci
Xia, Fan. "Décryptage des mécanismes de signalisation précoce de la costimulation dans l' activation des lymphocytes T naifs." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4064.
Full textIn this work, we aimed at determining the relationship between and specific contribution of TCR and CD28 early signaling pathways in naïve CD4+ T cell activation. Our data showed that in naïve CD4+ T cells, TCR stimulation significantly increased the 2D binding of CD28 to its B7 ligands and this increase depended on both cytoplasmic tail of CD28 and activity of src kinases. Our biochemical analysis then demonstrated that TCR engagement with its ligand pMHC strongly enhanced the CD28 tyrosine phosphorylation triggered by B7. Moreover, the conjoint stimulation of TCR and CD28 markedly augmented activation of proximal signaling molecules such like Vav-1 and PLCγ-1 compared to the stimulation with each receptor alone. We next went to examine the calcium ion (Ca2+) mobilization. We found that in naïve CD4+ T cells, engagement with ligand of TCR or CD28 alone was able to trigger rise of the fluctuating cytosolic-free Ca2+ level. Unexpectedly, such rises implicated predominantly the involvements of two different types of calcium channels: Cav and CRAC channels. The conjoint stimulation with both TCR and CD28 enabled the augment of average amplitude of the calcium response. Through the time series analysis, our data unveiled that the conjoint, but not separate, TCR and CD28 stimulation in naïve CD4+ T cells significantly increased the fluctuating cytosolic-free Ca2+ dwell time relative to that found in unstimulated cells. The increase of the cytosolic-free Ca2+ dwell time therefore uniquely characterized the calcium response triggered by TCR and CD28 and presumably corresponded to a fundamental feature for the high efficiency of T cell activation induction
Brabb, Thea. "The fate of MBP-specific T cells in MBP TCR transgenic mice /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10853.
Full textGAHERY-SEGARD, GAHERY HANNE. "Repertoire des lymphocytes t chez la souris. Structure et organisation du locus alpha/delta du tcr." Paris 6, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA066127.
Full textSix, Adrien, and P. A. CAZENAVE. "Repertoire des lymphocytes t chez la souris : organisation genetique et mecanisme d'expression du tcr alpha/beta." Paris 6, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA066643.
Full textCaspar-Bauguil, Sylvie. "Acides aminés structurellement importants pour l'expression du récepteur de l'antigène des lymphocytes T." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30067.
Full textMilpied, Pierre. "EXPRESSION DE LA NEUROPILINE-1 DANS LES LYMPHOCYTES T CONVENTIONNELS ET « INVARIANT NATURAL KILLER T » (iNKT) MURINS." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00547066.
Full textMilhas, Delphine. "Rôle des caspases et des sphingolipides dans la signalisation cytotoxique du récepteur FAS dans les lymphocytes T." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/70/.
Full textFas (CD95) engagement by FasL (CD95L) plays a crucial function in T lymphocytes cell death. In contrast to caspase-8, controversy exists as to the ability of caspase-10 to mediate apoptosis in response to FasL. The ceramide, a bioactive sphingolipid, plays a potential role in cell death. The aim of our study was to clarify the role of caspases and ceramide in FasL-induced T lymphocyte death. Ours results indicate that caspase-10 can substitute to caspase-8 as an initiator caspase in Fas signaling leading to Bid (Bcl-2 interating protein) processing, caspase cascade activation, and apoptosis of human leukemia Jurkat T cells. Moreover, initiator caspases-8 and -10 can trigger cell death independently of their catalytic activities, and are absolutely required for FasL-induced ceramide production and cell death, including necrosis. The ceramide is converted to sphingomyelin (SM) by SM synthase (SMS). In Jurkat cells, FasL treatment inhibits SMS activity in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The inhibition of ceramide conversion to SM, by pharmacological approach or by siRNA, enhances FasL-induced death of Jurkat and activated T cells. Novel ceramide analogs elevate endogenous ceramide content and promote Jurkat cell death, suggesting a role of ceramide in cytotoxic Fas signaling. Altogether our results highlight the essential role of caspases-8 and -10 in FasL-induced apoptotic and necrotic leukemia cell death. Moreover the inhibition of SM synthesis may facilitate FasL-induced ceramide increase and lymphocytes death. Inhibiting SMS activity may represent an interesting therapeutic strategy to sensitize T lymphocytes to FasL
McMahan, Rachel H. "Relating TCR-peptide-MHC affinity to immunogenicity for the design of tumor vaccines /." Connect to full text via ProQuest. Limited to UCD Anschutz Medical Campus, 2007.
Find full textTypescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 133-156). Free to UCD affiliates. Online version available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations;
Gallagher, Maighréad. "Régulation de l'expression des gènes codant les chaînes TCR[alpha] et TCR[delta] au cours de la différenciation des lymphocytes T chez la souris." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE10150.
Full textGrigoriadou, Kalliopi. "Sélection du répertoire TCR exprimé par les cellules T gamma delta dans le thymus et l'épithélium intestinal de la souris." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066164.
Full textPedros, Christophe. "Vav1 et Themis contrôlent la susceptibilité aux pathologies inflammatoires en modulant les fonctions lymphocytaires T." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2216/.
Full textSignaling cascades triggered by engagement of the T cell receptor (TCR) play key roles in the control of immune system homeostasis. My PhD work aimed at identifying genetic factors involved in the susceptibility to immune mediated diseases using BN and LEW rat models, two rat strains that differ in their susceptibility to atopic and autoimmune diseases. This led us to identify two proximal TCR signaling molecules, Vav1 and Themis, that play a key role in the control of CD4 T cell functions and susceptibility to immune-mediated diseases. At first, by using congenic lines, we identified a 117-kb interval on rat chromosome 9 that controls the opposite susceptibility of BN and LEW rat strains to immuno-pathological disorders induced by gold or mercury salts. We revealed that this interval controls the polarization of effector CD4 T cells in vitro and their ability to trigger autoimmune manifestations in vivo. In the identified region, the R63W polymorphism of the TCR signaling gene Vav1 is a major candidate. Indeed, we demonstrated that this polymorphism influences Vav1 enzymatic and adaptor functions. Secondly, the analysis of a spontaneous mutation that occurred in our BN rat colony led us to discover Themis for its role in thymic T cell development and regulatory T cell (Treg) suppressive functions. Indeed, Themis deficiency in BN rats leads to the spontaneous development of an inflammatory bowel disease linked to a functional defect of Treg. Surprisingly, Treg from Themis deficient LEW rats are functional and those animals do not develop any spontaneous disease. By the use of congenic lines of the BN genomic background expressing either the R63 or W63 Vav1 variant, we revealed that the R63W Vav1 polymorphism is responsible for the Treg defect of Themis deficient BN rats. Thus, this work revealed cooperation between those two molecules involved in the same signalosome and showed that the Themis/Vav1 signalosome is mandatory for Treg suppressive functions and maintenance of the immune system homeostasis. Recently, independent studies have identified Themis and Vav1 as candidate genes responsible for the development of human inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Thus, dissecting the molecular mechanisms whereby Themis and Vav1 control T cell functions may lead to the identification of new therapeutic targets for immune-mediated diseases
Garreau, Anne. "Caractérisation des processus d'ubiquitination régulant la protéine Themis durant le développement des lymphocytes T." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30025/document.
Full textThe protein Themis is a new actor of the T cell receptor (TCR) signaling essential for the positive selection of T cells. The molecular function of Themis has been controversial but recent findings suggest that it acts as positive regulator of TCR signaling. We demonstrated in an initial research that Themis interacts with deubiquitylases and is covalently associated to ubiquitin chains in thymocytes. The aim of my PhD project was to characterize the molecular process that regulates the ubiquitination of Themis and to investigate how these post-translational modifications affect Themis function during T cell development. We demonstrated that Themis mRNA expression is progressively decreased after positive selection whereas Themis protein expression is enhanced at the early stages of positive selection, suggesting that Themis is stabilized by post-translational modifications during positive selection. We demonstrated that USP9X allows the deubiquitination of Themis and its stabilization following TCR engagement. Ours results suggest that USP9X is activated during TCR engagement following its recruitment to proximal signaling complexes through Grb2 and Themis, leading to the deubiquitination and stabilization of Themis expression. We believe that this mechanism is important to sustain Themis expression during positive selection and to promote durable TCR signals required for the efficiency of this process
Wong, Phillip. "Changing TCR recognition requirements at discrete stages of intrathymic CD4 T cell development /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8351.
Full textSafya, Hanaa. "Modulation des activités du récepteur purinergique P2X7 au cours de l’activation des lymphocytes T." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA11T083/document.
Full textExtracellular ATP through the receptor P2X7 (P2X7R) plays a key role in innate immunity as a danger signal that causes the activation of the inflammasome, enhancement of immune cell migration and cell death. Although the role of the ATP/P2X7R pathway in adaptative immunity remains underestimated, it has been reported that P2X7R regulates signaling events involved in T-cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation into effector lineages. Moreover, we have previously shown that effector T lymphocytes (either CD4+ or CD8+) that express the B220 isoform of CD45 at the plasma membrane at the end of the secondary immune response are totally resistant to ATP stimulation due to loss of P2X7R membrane expression. In the present study, we compared the sensitivity of T lymphocytes to cellular activities trigerred by P2X7R according to their stage of activation. Interestingly, our results showed that P2X7-dependent cellular activities are dissociated. T lymphocytes at effector/memory stage are less sensitive to CD62L shedding than naïve or recently activated T lymphocyte during primary immune response. Naive T lymphocytes recently activated during primary immune response are the most sensitive to pore formation. Furthermore, recently activated T lymphocytes at both primary and secondary immune responses are the most sensitive to PS externalization. Finally, pore formation, PS externalization but not CD62L shedding, are dependent on calcium signaling
Hue, Isabelle. "Contribution à l'analyse structurale des gènes codant pour le récepteur Alpha-Beta des lymphocytes T de souris." Aix-Marseille 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX22002.
Full textChaouni, Benabdallah Ilham. "Etude phénotypique, génotypique et fonctionnelle des lymphocytes T à récepteur gamma/delta dans la polyarthrite rhumatoi͏̈de : analyse comparative avec les lymphocytes T alpha/bêta." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20221.
Full textPicarda, Elodie. "Étude de l'interaction TCR/peptide/CMH des lymphocytes T régulateurs CD8+CD45RClow en allotransplantation chez le rat." Nantes, 2013. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=42ed9d82-2fdf-47a2-8790-94f9c0b793fd.
Full textCurrently, a major goal of transplantation research is to induce long term donor-specific tolerance. Our team has already shown in a rat cardiac allotransplantation model that CD40/CD40L costimulation blockade induces donor-specific CD8+CD45RClow regulatory T cells (Tregs), with potent suppressive activity. The requirement for a TCR interaction in the development and function of Tregs remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to characterize the antigenic specificity and the related CD8+ Tregs' TCR repertoire. We have demonstrated for the first time in transplantation that induced CD8+ Tregs recognize a 15 amino acids allopeptide derived from a donor major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC) molecule. This peptide activates Tregs in vitro in presence of plasmacytoid dendritic cells and supports in vivo, without additional treatment, specific CD8+ Tregs generation and/or function, that in turn, inhibit anti-donor immune responses allowing establishement of tolerance in naive transplanted recipients. In addition, the self-MHC/allopeptide complex identified is recognized by Vβ11 and Vβ18-specific Tregs' TCRs displaying a private and diverse repertoire in the spleen, but restricted in the graft, that ensures effective suppression of alloreactive immune responses. This work has increased our knowledge of the biology of CD8+ Tregs in the rat and highlights the therapeutic potential of antigen-specific Tregs in the control of acute and chronic allograft rejection
Dallanegra, Anne. "Étude de l'activation lymphocytaire dans l'environnement épidermique : régulation de l'expression de surface du complexe CD3/TCR et implications biologiques : rôle des cytokines dans les interactions entre les lymphocytes et les cellules épidermiques." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO1T182.
Full textMorin, Stéphanie. "CD28 : nouvelles données sur un récepteur majeur de la costimulation lymphocytaire T." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0508.
Full textTumor progression is the result of a dynamic interaction between tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment. Immune cells such as T lymphocytes and adipocytes are present in the tumor stroma. Adipocytes are the most numerous cells in some tumor microenvironment such as in breast cancer. I work on a key molecule of naïve T cells costimulation, the CD28 molecule. CD28 and its ligands B7 play an important role in the induction of the inflammatory response. The expression of B7 molecules on tumor cells promotes their recognition and their elimination by the immune system. Obesity is accompanied by a chronic micro-inflammatory state. We studied the role of CD28 in obesity’s inflammation process. Adipose tissue is the site of infiltration of pro-inflammatory immune cells. The importance of costimulation in obesity’s inflammation process is the core of my doctoral work. We studied consequences of this process in the context of tumor progression. First, we characterized mouse models of obesity in CD28 deficient background. Since their immune system is impaired (CD28 deficiency) we followed-up tumor progression. We then performed functional analyzes on obese CD28 KO mice compared to WT mice. In order to study more precisely the role of CD28, we generated a CD28 “knock-in” (KI) mouse model. In this model, the endogenous CD28 receptor lacks its intracytoplasmic part. Finally, we set up a pre-clinical model to study breast tumor development (adipose tissue) using a syngenic cancer cell line. Our objective was to demonstrate the combined influence of the immune system and adipocytes on tumor progression, this by developing new immunodeficient and obese mice models