Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Récepteur Met'
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Lefebvre, Jonathan. "Etude des propriétés apoptotiques du récepteur tyrosine kinase Met." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10151/document.
Full textThe receptor tyrosine kinase Met and its ligand, the hepatocyte growth factor, are essential to embryonic development, whereas deregulation of Met signaling is associated with tumorigenesis. While ligand-activated Met promotes survival, caspase-dependent generation of the p40 Met fragment leads to apoptosis induction, hallmark of the dependence receptor. We show that although p40 Met contains the entire kinase domain, it amplifies apoptosis independently of kinase activity. In cell cultures and mouse liver undergoing apoptosis, the fragment shows a mitochondrial localization, required for p40-Met-induced cell death. Interestingly, p40 Met exhibits a BH3-like domain overlapping with its ATP-binding site and required for the apoptotic response. It induces mitochondrial permeabilization, while Met silencing delays this response. This demonstrates the involvement of receptor cleavage in regulating mitochondrial cell death. The Met dependence receptor thus displays overlapping kinase and BH3 domains, the former involved in survival, the latter in cell death via the intrinsic apoptosis pathway
Ancot, Frédéric. "Dégradation du récepteur tyrosine kinase Met par clivages protéolytiques." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10073/document.
Full textSignalling dysregulation of receptor tyrosine kinase Met and its ligand the HGF/SF (Hepatocyte Growth Factor/Scatter Factors) is associated with tumor growth and metastasis in numerous cancer. Iin stress condition and without its ligand, Met is cleaved by caspases in the juxtamembrane domain which liberates a proapoptotic fragment in cytoplasm, p40 Met. I have shown that a C-terminal cleavage of Met creates a hierarchical organization of these cleavages. The C-terminal cleavage of Met receptor is important to generate apoptotic fragment but does not affect the biological responses induced by the HGF/SF. On the other hand, Met is targeted by PreSenilin-dependent Regulated Intramembrane Proteolysis (called PS-RIP). This proteolytic process of degradation involves two sequential cleavages by membranous metalloproteases and by g-secretase complex. These cleavages regulate half-life of Met receptor and prevent its activation without ligand.Following the cleavage by metalloproteases, Met can escape from g-secretase complex through its prior internalization. Generated fragments are then degraded by the lysosome. Fragments of both degradation patways are able to transform fibroblasts. Interestingly, human tumor xenografts in mice display accumulation of these fragments, suggesting these PS-RIP and lysosomal degradations pathways prevent accumulation of deleterious fragments of Met.Different cleavages of Met receptor can regulate its action without HGF/SF and could have an important role in physiological responses
Deheuninck, Julien. "Le récepteur MET, une cible fonctionnelle des caspases." Lille 1, 2006. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2006/50376-2006-Deheuninck.pdf.
Full textApostol, Costin. "Apports bioinformatiques et statistiques à l'identification d'inhibiteurs du récepteur MET." Thesis, Lille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL2S053.
Full textThe effect of polysaccharides on HGF-MET interaction was studied using an experimental design with several microarrays under different experimental conditions. The purpose of the analysis is the selection of the best polysaccharides, inhibitors of HGF-MET interaction. From a statistical point of view this is a classification problem. Statistical and computer processing of the obtained microarrays requires the implementation of the PASE platform with statistical analysis plug-ins for this type of data. The main feature of these statistical data is the repeated measurements: the experiment was repeated on 5 microarrays and all studied polysaccharides are replicated 3 times on each microarray. We are no longer in the classical case of globally independent data, we only have independence at inter-subjects and intra-subject levels. We propose mixed models for data normalization and representation of subjects by the empirical cumulative distribution function. The use of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic appears natural in this context and we study its behavior in the classification algorithms like hierarchical classification and k-means. The choice of the number of clusters and the number of repetitions needed for a robust classification are discussed in detail. The robustness of this methodology is measured by simulations and applied to HGF-MET data. The results helped the biologists and chemists from the Institute of Biology of Lille to choose the best polysaccharides in tests conducted by them. Some of these results also confirmed the intuition of the researchers. The R scripts implementing this methodology are integrated into the platform PASE. The use of functional data analysis on such data is part of the immediate future work
Barras, Alexandre. "Synthèse et vectorisation d'inhibiteurs du récepteur à activité tyrosine kinase MET." Lille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL2S021.
Full textFoveau, Bénédicte. "Régulation des fonctions du récepteur tyrosine kinase MET par clivages protéolytiques." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-Foveau.pdf.
Full textAsses, Yasmine. "Conception par modélisation et criblage in silico d'inhibiteurs du récepteur c-Met." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00653609.
Full textDing, Shunli. "Rôle du couple HGF/C-MET dans l'angiogenèse." Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA077188.
Full textMontagne, Rémi. "Effets des clivages du récepteur tyrosine kinase Met par les calpaïnes sur la motilité et la mort cellulaire." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10177/document.
Full textMet receptor activation by its ligand, Heptocyte Growth Factor, induces cell responses necessary for embryonic development such as cell survival or motility. However, its deregulation is involved in tumorigenesis. My laboratory previously showed that Met activity is regulated by proteolytic cleavage. Indeed, PreSenilin-dependent Regulated Intramembrane Proteolysis (or PS-RIP), two sequential cleavages mediated by membrane metalloproteases and the γ-secretase complex, controls Met half-life. Following apoptotic stress, Met is also cleaved by caspases into an intracellular fragment which amplifies apoptosis.I showed that Met is targeted by calpains, another protease family mediating two different cleavages in two different cellular contexts. Indeed, the R970C Met mutation or high cell density induces cleavage of Met into a fragment about 45kDa, p45 Met, which translocates in the nucleus and favors cell scattering and motility, suggesting it is involved in cell transformation. On the other hand, during necrosis induced by calcium stress, Met receptor is cleaved by both calpains and metalloproteases. Although the generated fragments do not seem to have biological properties, these two cleavages mediate an efficient degradation of Met receptor and consequently inhibiting of the survival signals it can provide. Interestingly, these fragments are detected in lung cancer samples overexpressing Met indicating that proteolytic cleavages of Met we identified have a pathological relevance
Champagne, Audrey. "Transgéline dans la carcinogénèse colorectale induite par Met." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/7569.
Full textGui, Yirui. "Régulation de la signalisation du récepteur MET par la protéine SOCS1 dans le carcinome hépatocellulaire." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5390.
Full textGaloul, Mohamed Chérif. "Rôle de la protéine d'échafaudage Gab1 dans le pouvoir oncogénique du récepteur Met dans les cellules épithéliales intestinales." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5555.
Full textSaucier, Marc-André. "Le rôle des protéines d’échafaudage Gab dans la transformation des cellules épithéliales intestinales." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5925.
Full textCarouge, Élisa. "Récepteur MET et fusions ETS : co-acteurs dans la progression du cancer de la prostate." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDBSL/2024/2024ULILS005.pdf.
Full textProstate cancer (PCa) has the highest incidence of all male cancers in Europe and the USA. In the advanced stages of the disease, the development of metastases (bone metastases in 80% of cases) leads to a high mortality rate. MET receptor and ETS gene fusions with a hormone-dependent promoter are important actors in the progression of prostate cancer. Among the members of the ETS family of transcription factors, ERG is found in 60% of fusions and ETV1 in 10%. MET is a tyrosine kinase receptor expressed in the advanced stages of the disease, in hormone-resistant tumours and in bone metastases. ERG and ETV1 fusions are found throughout the disease, from initiation to metastatic stages. Interestingly, there are many functional links between MET and ERG/ETV1, suggesting that they belong to the same regulatory pathway. The aim of our study is to understand the individual roles of MET receptor and ETS fusions and their collaboration in PCa progression.To this end, we built hormone-independent CaP cellular models in which MET receptor expression and activity are effective and ERG or ETV1 overexpression has been induced via retroviral infection. These models were used to perform phenotypic tests of proliferation, migration and invasion, comparative transcriptomic analysis (RNAseq) and in vivo tests in humanised mice expressing human HGF. The results we obtained show that the transcription factors ERG and ETV1 induce greater migratory and invasive capacities in vitro and that activation of the receptor signalling pathway amplifies the effects. In vivo, ERG and ETV1 induce larger tumour volumes after subcutaneous injection of the cells, and treatment with a specific MET inhibitor reverses these effects. Finally, a transcriptomic analysis comparing the different models, permits to identify genes differentially expressed according to overexpression of ERG, ETV1 and/or activation of MET pathway, signature target genes potentially involved in tumour progression.The data obtained show, for the first time, a collaboration between MET receptor and ERG/ETV1 factors to induce more aggressive characteristics in PCa models. The project aims to identify the molecular signatures of this cooperation in order to highlight prognostic, diagnostic and targeted therapy tools
Hedou, Élodie. "Modulation de la signalisation glutamatergique par l'activateur tissulaire du plasminogène et le récepteur MET dans le système nerveux central Tissue type plasminogen activator dependant crosstalk between MET and NMDA receptors containing gluN2B: possible involvement in autism spectrum disorders." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMC410.
Full textTissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) is a serine protease originally discovered in the vascular compartment. It is the active compound of Actilyse®, the only-approved drug for the clinical treatment of the acute phase of ischemic stroke thanks to its fibrinolytic properties. tPA is also expressed in the cerebral parenchyma where it modulates the NMDA (N-Methyl-D-aspartate) glutamatergic neurotransmission. This protease exists in two active forms: a single chain tPA form (sc-tPA) and a two chain tPA form (tc-tPA). Despite a similar fibrinolytic activity, these two forms have different roles within the parenchyma. Indeed, only sc-tPA potentiates excitotoxic neuronal death induced by NMDA. In order to better understand the signalling pathways involved by each forms of tPA, we used primary cultures of cortical neurons treated with sc-tPA or tc-tPA. Our results have highlighted the implication of a new partner receptor, MET, within NMDA glutamatergic signalling. We have shown that only tc-tPA activates MET receptors, leading to an increase of the proximity between MET and NMDA receptors at the neuronal surface. Moreover, tc-tPA decreases the GluN2B phosphorylation and allows the degradation of this subunit. By using calcium imaging, MET inhibitors reverses the effect of tc-tPA on NMDA receptors signalling. In parallel, a transcriptomic study realized on tPA-deficient mice (tPA Null) revealed a decrease of MET gene in two cerebral structures: amygdala and entorhinal cortex in addition to behavioural deficits which are features of autism spectrum disorder
Tulasne, David. "Voies de signalisation induites par l'HGF/SF et son récepteur tyrosine kinase MET dans les cellules épithéliales MDCK." Lille 1, 1999. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1999/50376-1999-243.pdf.
Full textSimonneau, Claire. "Mécanismes d'activation du récepteur tyrosine kinase MET par son ligand l'HGF/SF : rôles des domaines N et K1." Thesis, Lille 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL2S071.
Full textHepatocyte Growth Factor/Scatter Factor (HGF/SF) and its receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) MET play an essential role in embryogenesis, tissue regeneration and angiogenesis. As observed for many others RTK, MET is also strongly involved in tumor progression and invasion mechanisms. Although numerous biological and structural approaches have been focused on the molecular processes leading to MET activation by HGF/SF, the HGF/SF-MET interaction framework remains only partially understood due to the complexity of the multivalent ligand-receptor binding events.NK1, a naturally occurring splice variant of HGF/SF, comprising the N-terminal part and the first kringle domain (K1) of HGF/SF, exhibits a partial agonistic activity toward MET. Indeed, in presence of heparan sulfates, NK1 self-associates into a “head-to-tail” dimer and is considered as the minimal structural module able to trigger MET dimerization and activation. Nevertheless, the individual role of N and K1 domains in the dimerization/activation of MET remain elusive.Stimulated by the conviction that monomeric N and K1 domains are not suitable for studying the functioning of HGF/SF-MET, we produced, by total chemical synthesis, biotinylated analogs of the N and K1 domains (NB and K1B). By combining with streptavidin (S), we engineered the semisynthetic constructs NB/S and K1B/S in order to determine the biological properties of these new multivalent architectures of N and K1 domains.In vitro, as observed with HGF/SF or NK1, we show that the K1B/S complex is able to fully activate MET signaling cascades to promote scattering, morphogenesis and survival phenotypes in various cell types. Even more, the K1B/S complex stimulates angiogenesis in vivo and, when injected systemically, triggers MET signaling in the liver. The use of this K1B/S complex allows us to demonstrate that two K1 domains, correctly assembled and oriented, constitute the minimal unit for sufficient MET activation. In contrast, first in vitro data have demonstrated that NB/S complex does not bind directly MET as previously thought, but rather, uses heparan sulfates as a molecular bridge.We envision these new structural configurations serving as a template for both the rational design of potent MET agonists (e.g. using K1B/S for regenerative therapies) and antagonists (e.g. using NB/S for targeted cancer therapies)
Duclos, Catherine. "La protéolyse de SNX2 par les caspases empêche l’assemblage du complexe rétromère et augmente la signalisation du récepteur Met." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/10572.
Full textAbstract: During the execution of apoptosis, more than 2,000 proteins are proteolysed by caspases, a family of cysteine proteases. The cleavage of several of them results in the interruption of intracellular trafficking processes. During my studies, I investigated two potential caspases substrates, namely the sorting nexin SNX1 and SNX2. Their cleavage at their N-terminus has previously been identified in apoptotic cell lysates by proteomics, respectively at LFAD91[down arrow]A and VSLD84[down arrow]S sites. Together with the retromer complex, SNX1 and SNX2 play an essential role in the retrograde transport of cargos, such as the lysosomal receptor CI-MPR, from endosomes to TGN, thus avoiding their degradation by lysosomes. In particular, the association between SNX1 and SNX2 and the retromer complex, via the Vps35 subunit, seems to require their N-terminal domain, which is thought to be cleaved during apoptosis. To determine the impact of SNX1 and SNX2 proteolysis on the function of the retromer complex and retrograde transport, we have first studied their cleavage by caspases. Our results indicate that in vitro, initiator caspases 8, 9, and 10 proteolyze SNX1 and SNX2 while only executioner caspase-6 cleaves SNX2. Several fragments of SNX1 are generated by the cleavage of up to 16 sites, including at the N-terminus LFAD91[down arrow]A site and following glutamate residues. During apoptosis, SNX2 is directly cleaved by caspase-6 at the site VSLD84[down arrow]S in its N-terminus. We next investigated the effect of SNX1 and SNX2 proteolysis on the function of retromer complex. Our results demonstrate that truncated SNX2, mimicking cleavage at the VSLD84[down arrow]S site, no longer interacts with Vps35, the central subunit of retromer complex. Furthermore, depletion of SNX1 and SNX2, potentially recapitulating their proteolysis, redistributes Vps26, another retromer subunit. In addition, we evaluated the effect of SNX2 proteolysis on the regulation of Met receptor, which has been shown to be regulated by SNX1 and SNX2. SNX2 depletion induces an increase in Met and ERK1/2 phosphorylation after stimulation. In addition, both SNX1 and SNX2 mRNAs are reduced in tumor tissues of colorectal cancer patients and decreased expression levels of SNX2 correlates with increased mortality. In conclusion, our study demonstrates a direct effect of SNX2 proteolysis on retromer complex association during apoptosis and suggests a link between SNX2 and the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer.
Duplaquet, Leslie. "Implication du récepteur à activité tyrosine kinase (RTK) MET sur la balance survie/apoptose et identification de nouvelles mutations de RTKs dans les cancers colorectaux métastatiques." Thesis, Lille 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL2S031/document.
Full textRTKs are involved in tissue dialogue by regulating many cellular mechanisms such as survival, proliferation or mobility. In cancers, these receptors are frequently deregulated, as a result of various molecular alterations leading to their activation. RTKs overactivation induces cell transformation and tumorigenesis notably by promoting survival. Since the early 2000s, the development of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) demonstrated that RTKs represent major therapeutic targets in cancer treatment.MET receptor and its ligand the Hepatocyte Growth Factor/Scatter Factor (HGF/SF) are known to promote survival of many epithelial structures during embryogenesis and later during adulthood. Besides pro-survival role of the ligand-activated MET, the receptor is also able to promote apoptosis, which has led to classify it within the dependence receptor family. Indeed, in absence of its ligand and under stress conditions, MET is cleaved by caspases leading to the production of an intracellular fragment of nearly 40 kDa named p40MET able to amplify apoptosis. This fragment activates the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis by causing mitochondrial permeabilization. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in this permeabilization and the physiological impact of the pro-apoptotic function of MET were still unknown.My PhD work has evidenced p40MET localization at the MAM microdomain and characterized a calcium transfer from the endoplasmic reticulum to the mitochondria triggered by p40MET. This calcium transfer triggers a calcium overload in mitochondria leading to their membrane permeabilization and apoptosis. In addition, we engineered a knock-in mouse model expressing mutated MET at the C-terminal caspase site. These mice are unable to produce the pro-apoptotic p40MET fragment. This model allowed us to assess the importance of MET cleavage in physiological apoptosis in vivo. Altogether, our work brings the first evidence for MET function as a dependence receptor in an organism and demonstrates a new signaling mechanism involved in apoptosis amplification by p40MET through calcium flux deregulation. This process may be relevant in the physio-pathology of organs where MET is expressed.In recent years, the discovery of mutations affecting RTKs in cancers has increased exponentially. However, for a large majority of mutations, their functional consequences are totally unknown. Thus, in parallel of my main thesis topic, we evaluated the biological and clinical relevance of RTKs mutations identified by high throughput sequencing from patient samples. Sequencing of healthy tissues, colorectal tumours and liver metastases of 30 patients has identified many somatic mutations. Some of them affect the receptor kinase domain and are present in both tumors and metastases. Functional analysis of 7 of these mutations shows that they do not cause neither kinase overactivation nor transformation of NIH3T3 fibroblasts. On the contrary, two RTK mutations cause drastic inhibition of the corresponding kinase activity. These findings indicate that these RTK variants are not suitable targets for TKI. Therefore, it appears important to set up reliable functional assays to interpret identified variants and classify them as pathogenic or neutral.In conclusion, my work opens up new perspectives on therapeutic strategies targeting RTKs in cancers. First of all, the pro-apoptotic capacities of some RTKs are undoubtedly a brake to tumorigenesis, and their stimulations could reinforce the effectiveness of anti-cancer therapies. On the other hand, we have shown that RTKs mutations in the kinase domain do not necessarily lead to overactivation of the receptor suggesting that they are probably not involved in tumorigenesis and that treatment with TKIs targeting them would be ineffective. This functional information could notably influence the choice of a suitable targeted therapy
Chabot, Thomas. "Modulation de l'activité du Rad51 par le récepteur tyrosine kinase c-Met dans la réparation des cassures double-brin de l'ADN." Thesis, Nantes, 2020. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=360755d5-6a18-407f-9af7-fe215a83747f.
Full textGenomic instability due to deregulation of DNA repair pathways may be at the onset of cancer and subsequently lead to resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Understanding these biological mechanisms is therefore essential in the fight against cancer. RAD51 is the core protein of the homologous recombinant double-stranded DNA repair pathway. This repair leads to faithful DNA repair. The recombinase activity of the RAD51 protein is finely regulated by post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation. Over the last decade, more and more studies have suggested the existence of a relationship between receptors with tyrosine kinase activity, which are often overactivated and involved in aggressiveness and cancer proliferation; and DNA repair. Among these receptors with tyrosine kinase activity, the c-Met/HGF-SF duo is often mutated, over-expressed or constitutively activated in many cancers and its inhibition has been shown to induce a decrease in repair by homologous recombination. Through this thesis, we show for the first time that c-Met is able to phosphorylate the RAD51 protein on four tyrosine residues located mainly in the human recombinase nucleofilament monomer- monomer interface. We show the implication of these phosphorylations on the activity of RAD51 in the different steps of homologous recombination. All the results obtained suggest the possible role of these modifications in the regulation of RAD51 and underline the importance of c-Met in the response to DNA damage
Guérin, Célia. "Caractérisation de nouvelles mutations activatrices dépendantes de l'HGF dans le lobe N-terminal du domaine kinase du récepteur MET dans le cancer du rein héréditaire." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDBSL/2023/2023ULILS074.pdf.
Full textTargeted therapies are currently revolutionizing the management of cancer patients, provided they present a targetable molecular alteration responsible for tumor progression. Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) with activating mutations are major targets of targeted therapies, with EGFR as a representative example, whose mutations lead to its constitutive activation, making it independent of stimulation by its ligand.The MET receptor, another RTK in this family, has activating mutations in kidney and lung cancer. Indeed, type I papillary renal cell carcinoma (HPRC), an uncommon hereditary cancer, is unique in that over 80% of cases have MET activating mutations. In contrast, in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), MET mutations lead to skipping of exon 14 encoding the juxtamembrane domain (MET ex14 mutations). This exon skipping leads to the loss of the juxtamembrane domain, a regulatory domain involved in the negative regulation of the receptor. In an original way from other RTK mutations, these mutations always require stimulation by HGF, the ligand of MET, making HGF production a parameter to be considered in the stratification of patients eligible for targeted therapies.Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) directed against MET have very recently been approved for clinical use, offering real hope for patients with these mutations.Thanks to the development of high-throughput sequencing for diagnosis and the emergence of new resistance mutations following treatment with targeted therapies, the spectrum of mutations affecting TKIs is expanding considerably. The current challenge is no longer the detection of these mutations, but their functional interpretation, which can demonstrate their activating character or their targeting by TKIs.In this context, my thesis objective was to exploit sequencing data from patients suffering from HPRC or NSCLC to identify new MET activating mutations and characterize their activation mechanisms in order to determine their eligibility for potential treatment by TKIs.Thanks to a collaboration with the Institute Gustave Roussy, which centralizes sequencing data from HPRC patients, we have identified 8 previously undescribed mutations in a cohort of 158 patients, affecting the extracellular domain (V37A and R426P), the juxtamembrane domain (S1018P and G1086E) and the N-terminal lobe of MET kinase (H1086L, I1102T, C1125G and L1130S). In parallel, thanks to our collaboration with the Lille University Hospital, which centralizes data on 2808 NSCLC patients, we have identified 2 undescribed kinase domain mutations.First, we demonstrated in a fibroblast transformation model that the four N-terminal lobe mutations identified in HPRC are potential MET-activating mutations. Interestingly, although localized to the kinase, these mutations retain a dependence on HGF to induce cell transformation. Moreover, all four mutations are sensitive to TKIs directed against MET.In a second step, to better characterize these new activating mutations, we established T47D epithelial cell lines expressing two of the new activating mutations (H1086L and I1102T), which we compared with wild-type MET and MET ex14, known to retain its dependence on HGF. Our results confirm that both mutations require activation by HGF for activation of downstream signaling pathways and induction of responses such as cell motility. Transcriptomic analysis reveals significant similarities between the transcriptional programs of the MET I1102T, H1086L and MET exon14 mutations, highlighting their involvement in extracellular matrix remodeling and invasion. Xenografts of cells expressing these new mutations in mouse models demonstrate their ability to promote tumor growth [...]
Villalobos, Hernandez Alberto. "Role of suppressor of cytokine signalling 1 (SOCS1) in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11618.
Full textAbstract : Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer among men worldwide. Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) is considered a tumor suppressor due to frequent epigenetic repression of the SOCS1 gene in several human malignancies. Inactivation of SOCS1 also occurs in PCa by gene methylation and micro-RNA-mediated repression. SOCS1 has been reported to inhibit IL-6-induced STAT3 activation and down-regulates cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases in PCa cells. It has been shown that SOCS1 is not required to control IL-6 signaling in SOCS1-deficient hepatocytes, but is essential to attenuate hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) signaling via its receptor MET. This protein is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), overexpressed in aggressive and metastatic PCa. Thus we hypothesized that the repression of SOCS1 via promoter methylation and deregulated MET expression and signaling are inter-related pathogenic mechanisms in PCa development and progression. We generated stable SOCS1-expressing PCa cell lines (PC3 and DU145) using lentiviral transduction followed by clonal selection via limiting dilution. Cells were stimulated with HGF and downstream signaling events were assessed by Western blot. Proliferation, migration and invasion assays were also conducted in the presence of HGF in vitro. Epithelial mesenchymal transition genes were evaluated by qPCR in the presence or absence of the growth factor. The PCa cells transfected with SOCS1 and non-transfected controls were inoculated into NOD SCID gamma mice as xenografts or as orthotopic tumors to assess tumor growth and metastasis formation, respectively. Resected tumors were further analyzed histologically and biochemically. Our results showed that SOCS1 attenuates HGF-induced MET activation and ERK phosphorylation in PC3 and DU145 PCa cell lines. SOCS1 inhibited HGF induced cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro. Additionally, SOCS1 decreased epithelial mesenchymal transition genes involved in the degradation of extracellular matrix components in DU145 cells but not in PC3. In vivo, SOCS1 overexpression leads to an increase of collagen deposition. Tumors formed by SOCS1 expressing cells were significantly smaller in size with reduced cell proliferation compared to tumors arising from control cells. Furthermore, SOCS1 inhibited distant metastasis formation in the orthotopic model. Overall our results suggest that SOCS1 has a tumor suppressor role in PCa evolution and part of this function is mediated by the negative regulation of MET receptor signalling and down-regulation of genes supporting migration and invasion processes such as matrix metalloproteinases.
Landry, Mélissa. "L'implication de la dualité fonctionnelle de la protéine p66Shc en aval des récepteurs tyrosine kinase dans la progression du cancer." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6327.
Full textChevilley, Arnaud. "MET, un nouveau partenaire de l'activateur tissulaire du plasminogène dans le système nerveux central." Caen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CAEN3167.
Full textHepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a potent mitogen and a pro-survival factor in a large spectrum of cells, including neurons. Its receptor, called MET, is known to play a key role during development and in diseases. Tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) is the active compound of Actilyse®, the only-approved drug for the clinical treatment of the acute phase of ischemia (alone or combined with thrombectomy). This serine protease is implicated in the degradation of fibrin clots, but also controls the NMDA- glutamatergic neurotransmission (NMDAR, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate) within the brain parenchyma. TPA exists in two active forms: a single-chain (sc-) and a two-chain (tc-) form. Within the vascular compartment, sc- and tc-tPA have the same ability to bind to fibrin and display the same fibrinolytic activity. Within the brain parenchyma, the tPAs play differential roles in neuronal survival. Only the sc-tPA promotes glutamate signaling and excitotoxicity. TPAs share structural homologies with HGF. During this thesis, I demonstrate that only the tc-tPA can convert pro-HGF into HGF and activate MET. I also show the neuronal existence of MET/NMDA-R complexes on neurons. Moreover, the indirect activation of MET by tc-tPA increases the number of these complexes and inhibits NMDAR signaling and excitotoxic neuronal death. Finally, in a mice model of cerebral ischemia, we validate that the activation of MET increases the therapeutic window of Actilyse®
Garnier, Eugenie. "Expression du Facteur XII dans le système nerveux central et son rôle dans l'apoptose neuronale." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC413.
Full textFactor XII (FXII) is an 80 kDa serine protease produced and secreted by the liver that participates in the intrinsic coagulation pathway. Various studies have shown a deleterious role of FXII in cerebral pathologies like stroke, Alzheimer disease and multiple sclerosis. Nevertheless, the direct impact of FXII on neuronal cell fate remains unknown. In addition, the expression of FXII in the central nervous system (CNS) has not been investigated yet. The first objective of our work was to study the role of FXII in neuronal apoptosis and then to study the expression of FXII in the CNS. In our work, we found that FXII protects cultured neurons from apoptotic death by a growth factorlike effect. The beneficial effects of FXII result from the direct interaction with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Activation of EGFR by FXII triggers antiapoptotic signaling MAPK pathways. Iteestigl, the to hai fo of FXII, αFXIIa, eets opleeta potetie effets oetig the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) precursor into its mature form, which in turn activates MET receptor. Finally in our work we observed FXII expression in the CNS (both mRNA and protein). This expression is particularly found in cortical neurons. This work describes a novel mechanism of action of FXII and discloses neurons as target cells for growth factor effects of FXII. Overall, these works should thus help further understanding how FXII acts in brain diseases as a unique serine-protease at the interface of thrombosis, inflammation and cell survival
Gassiot, Matthieu. "Rôle du récepteur des xénobiotiques PXR (Pregnane X Receptor) et de ses gènes cibles sur la sensibilité des lignées de cancer de prostate aux inhibiteurs de kinases." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT133/document.
Full textMore and more kinase inhibitors (KIs) are tested in prostate cancer that represents a major health issue in men with its incidence and mortality rates. Clinical trials to evaluate KIs efficacy in prostate cancer gave disapointing results depsite the presence of KIs pharmacological targets in prostate tumors (VEGF, EGFR, CMET..), suggesting that inefficiency of these drugs would be at least in part linked to the inhibitor itself or its pharmacodynamics/pharmacokinetics parameters. Indeed KIs are metabolized and transported via phase I and II enzymes that are mainly controlled by the xenoreceptor PXR (Pregnane X Receptor, gène NR1I2). It is mainly expressed in liver and gastro-intestinal tract but also in epithelial tumors. PXR is also involved in the resistance to chemotherapies by increasing the catabolism and the efflux of these anticancer agents. To date only one study evaluated PXR expression in prostate cancer without evaluating its impact on treatment efficacy. In collaboration with Pr G. Fromont we analyzed a cohort of 449 prostate tumors and observed that PXR was more frequently detected in castration resistant or metastatic tumors as compared to clinically localized forms in which PXR expression was significantly correlated with TNM and ISUP Score. These results confirmed the interest to study the potential role of PXR and its target genes in the sensitivity to kinase inhibitors in prostate cancer models.We measured the expression of PXR and its target genes in prostate cancer cell lines 22RV1, LnCap, PC3 and DU145. The results showed that enzymes and transporters involved in KI detoxification was significantly expressed in these cells whereasPXR was poorly expressed due to hypermethylation of NR1I2 in our cells. This lead us to develop specific prostate cancer cell models stably overexpressing PXR in which transcriptional activity of PXR can be induced by its known agonist SR12813 further indicating that prostate cancer cells are metabolically competent. Using these models we showed that PXR overexpression modulates the sensitivity of 22RV1 cells to erlotinib, dasatinib, dabrafenib and afatinib, demonstrating that PXR plays a functional role in the sensitivity to KIs. We also demonstrated that several KIs were PXR agonists, including dabrafenib that displayed enhanced agonistic properties as compared to SR12813, a result that was never published before. This original finding led us to engage the cristalization of PXR/dabrafenib complex and to test whether induction of PXR could lead to an alteration of metabolism and transport of other drugs that are co-administered. In this line we have observed that in 22RV1 cells the additive effect of the combination of dabrafenib with trametinib that is already approved in the treatment of melanomas, became antagonistic when PXR was overexpressed in these cells. This result is supporting our hypothesis though we still need to demonstrate that this effect is linked to a change in drugs metabolism, which is currently under investigation by the measurement of the known metabolites of these KIs.Altogether, our data could serve as rational basis for the choice of kinase inhibitors or their potential combinations that could be tested in further clinical trials alone or in association with hormone therapies or with chemotherapies that are currently prescribed in the treatment of advanced prostate cancers, in order to potentiate tumor response
Laouali, Mahamadou Abdel Nasser. "Hormones sexuelles et mortalité chez les hommes au cours du vieillissement dans l’étude de cohorte des Trois Cités." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS226/document.
Full textDespite a number of studies regarding the association of endogenous sex steroid hormones with mortality in men, the results remain controversial and could depend on the characteristics of the subjects and the cause of death. Using the data from the prospective ThreeCity cohort study set-up in France, we investigated the role of endogenous testosterone and estradiol on 12-year mortality in men over 65 years, taking into account the clinical and genetic background, as well as the cause-specific of death. Firstly, we found a significant interaction of testosterone with metabolic syndrome (MetS) on mortality. Low levels of testosterone were associated with an increased risk of mortality among men suffering from MetS while there was no association of hormone with death in healthy subjects. Then, we showed that high levels of testosterone increased the risk of death from cardiovascular disease but not from cancer or other cause in healthy men. Finally, we highlighted a quadratic association between endogenous estradiol and all-cause mortality. This relationship was not modified by genetic polymorphisms of estrogen receptors but could depend on the cause of death. A stronger quadratic association was found with cardiovascular disease mortality but estradiol did not influence the risk of cancer or other cause of mortality. In conclusion, this thesis confirmed the complex role of endogenous sex steroid hormones on mortality in men and allowed to better understand previous controversial results. If confirmed, these results could help identifying subgroups at high risk, improving the clinical and therapeutic management of men during aging
Gauthier, Rosemarie. "La phosphorylation des protéines de la famille Elmo par les récepteurs Tyr03, Axl et Mer : un mécanisme potentiel pour l`activation de la GTPase Rac et la promotion de la migration cellulaire." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=87016.
Full textIn our study, we demonstrate that Elmo proteins are substrates of the TAM (Tyro3/Axl/Mer) kinases family. The TAM kinases have been previously described as regulators of cell migration and phagocytosis. They are also believed to be central mediator of cell invasion in various types of tumors.
Using mass spectrometry, we identified tyrosine residues phosphorylated on Elmo1 protein by Tyro3. We also uncovered that Elmo1 physically interacts with Tyro3 and Axl, but not with Mer. We demonstrate the formation of a trimolecular complex including the receptor Tyro3, the Elmo1 protein and the GEF Dock180. This complex may control Rac activation during cell migration and invasion.
Our study uncovered a novel pathway that may explain how TAM kinases mediate cell invasion.
Les protéines de la famille Elmo agissent de concert avec la GEF Dock180 pour médier l'activation de la GTPase Rac. Fonctionnellement, le complexe Elmo/Dock180 est impliqué dans la migration cellulaire, la phagocytose et la fusion cellulaire. Les mécanismes moléculaires permettant l'activation de la signalisation via Elmo/Dock180 sont peu connus.
Nous avons démontré que les récepteurs kinases à tyrosine de la famille TAM (Tyro3/Axl/Mer) phosphorylent Elmo. Les kinases TAM régulent la migration cellulaire, la phagocytose et elles sont impliquées dans les processus métastatiques des tumeurs.
Nous avons déterminé les tyrosines phosphorylées sur Elmo par les kinases TAM. De plus, nous avons démontré une interaction physique entre les TAM (Tyro3 et Axl), Elmo et Dock180.
Notre étude dévoile la relation TAM/Elmo/Dock180 pouvant expliquer, en partie, l'activation de Rac, la réorganisation du cytosquelette, la migration cellulaire et le potentiel invasif des tumeurs associés à la signalisation par les récepteurs TAM.
Baldacci, Simon. "Conséquences de la dérégulation de MET sur le phénotype des cancers bronchiques non à petites cellules EGFR mutés devenus résistant aux inhibiteurs de tyrosine kinase d’EGFR." Thesis, Lille 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL2S043/document.
Full textIntroduction: Treatment of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) mutated non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) relies on EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). However, all patients treated with EGFR TKI eventually present tumor progression, due to mechanisms of resistance such as the MET amplification. There is currently no data on phenotypic changes induced by MET activation in this context. The objective of this thesis is to determine whether the MET amplification during EGFR TKI resistance in the EGFR mutated NSCLC induces a more aggressive phenotype in tumor cells and alters the natural history of the disease.Methods: Proliferation, anchorage independent growth, spheroid formation, anoïkis resistance and migration were studied in vitro in the HCC827 cell line, derived from an EGFR mutated NSCLC, and in its daughter cell line HCC827-GR6 (GR6) which became resistant to EGFR TKI through MET amplification. The expression of vimentin, ZEB1, and E-cadherin was evaluated in these cellular models in order to investigate an epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) process induced by the MET amplification. In vivo, the tumor growth and the metastatic potential were analyzed by subcutaneous xenograft and intracardiac injection in mouse models. Finally, the clinical data of patients from 15 centers with a metastatic EGFR mutated NSCLC, exhibiting high MET overexpression in immunohistochemistry (score 3+) or MET amplification assessed by FISH on a re-biopsy performed after TKI EGFR progression were analyzed retrospectively.Results: In vitro, the MET amplification induced a significant increase in proliferation, anchorage independent growth, spheroid formation, anoïkis resistance and migration. Treatment with PHA-665752, a MET TKI, significantly reduced these biological properties in the GR6 cells harboring the MET amplification. An increase in the expression of vimentin and ZEB1 was also observed in the GR6 cells. In vivo, the MET amplification significantly increased the tumor growth and the metastatic potential. Treatment with crizotinib, another MET TKI, significantly decreased the metastatic potential of cells carrying MET amplification. Finally, patients with an EGFR mutated NSCLC, displayed a time to new metastases after TKI EGFR progression shorter than patients with high MET overexpression without MET amplification.Conclusion: The MET amplification during EGFR TKI resistance is associated in EGFR muted NSCLC with a more aggressive tumor phenotype. These results argue for the early use of MET inhibitors in combination with EGFR TKIs to avoid the emergence of a more aggressive resistant tumor clone
Caraux, Anouk. "Le grand chemin des cellules natural killer : développement et fonctions chez la souris." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066082.
Full textPonaire, Sarah. "Synthèse d'analogues de substrats ou d'inhibiteurs d'enzymes de la voie du 2-C-méthyl-D-érythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pour la synthèse des isoprénoïdes." Strasbourg, 2010. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2010/PONAIRE_Sarah_2010_ED222.pdf.
Full textIsoprenoïds are components of the vast family of « natural compounds » present in all living organisms. They are biosynthetically obtained by two distinct pathways: the mevalonate pathway and the 2-C-methylerithritol 4-phosphate pathway; the latter is present in numerous pathogenous microorganisms and parasites. Growing microorganism resistance to antibiotics and antiparasitics forces us to identify new therapeutic targets to fight against pathogens. The great advantage of the 2-C-methylerithritol 4-phosphate pathway is that it is absent in humans thus being the ideal target to discover new antibiotics. To that end, we decided to synthesize six prodrugs derived from two phosphonic acids previously obtained in our research group. The latter, directly related to fosmidomycin were proven to be potent inhibitors of E. Coli’s DXR enzyme. The new prodrugs were tested on tobacco cell cultures, on BY-2 as well on Mycobacterium smegmatis. Results obtained on BY-2 show that our prodrugs are stronger inhibitors than fosmidomycin. Moreover, they still have an inhibitory effect on very low concentrations were fosmidomycin does not. In addition, organic synthesis of 2-C-methylerithritol 4-phosphate was studied. Though various protecting groups of the phosphate moiety were used and numerous protection / deprotection steps were tested, 2-C-methylerithritol 4-phosphate was never obtained. We then pursued our efforts on synthesizing dihydroyacetone phosphate, a small organic compound found in various metabolic pathways. The organic synthesis we propose surpasses all others by its simplicity and efficiency. Finally, we tried to synthesize L-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate; this compound is the enantiomericaly pure substrate of DXS (deoxyxylulose phosphate synthase). Though many different synthetic schemes were tested, none of them yielded the desired product
Busquet, Magali. "Synthèse et évaluation biologique de conjugués dolastine 15-oestradiol pour le ciblage de cellules cancéreuses." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20018.
Full textBenzine, Youcef. "Enzymatically triggered polymeric drug delivery systems for colon targeting." Thesis, Lille 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL2S036.
Full textChronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) today affects close to 200,000 people in France. They are characterized by the inflammation of the wall of a part of the digestive tract. They usually include Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn’s disease. Both are chronic diseases that involve inflammation of the colonic mucosa. The main difference between Crohn’s disease and Ulcerative Colitis is the location and nature of inflammation. Crohn’s disease can affect any part of the GIT from mouth to anus but in most cases attacks the terminal ileum. In contrast, Ulcerative Colitis is restricted to the colon and the rectum. An ideal dosage form should effectively protect the drug in the stomach and small intestine and subsequently release the drug in the colon in a targeted and controlled manner. The objective of this work was to develop new drug delivery systems containing a polysaccharide (pectin, guar gum, inulin ...), which are degradable by the colonic bacteria and a hydrophobic thermoplastic polymer (ethylcellulose, polyurethane, polyvinyl acetate ...), which will reduce the hydrophilicity of the polysaccharide. The technique used for the preparation of these dosage forms is hot-melt extrusion. It is a continuous and free solvent process that allows the manufacturing of a dosage form called "extrudate" by forcing the soften material through an orifice. It has been demonstrated that extrudates based on polyvinyl acetate/polyurethane and inulin can minimize the release of a model active substance in the upper part of GIT due to the hydrophobic properties of polyvinyl acetate. Indeed, these extrudates uptake low amount of water and lose low dry mass upon exposure to media simulating the stomach and the small intestine. However, once in contact with the colonic flora, these systems show a considerable loss of mass due to the degradation of inulin by enzymes secreted by colonic bacteria. In another study, hot melt extrudates based on ethylcellulose blended with different types of polysaccharides (guar gum, inulin, corn starch, maltodextrin, pectin and chitosan) were studied for the development of controlled drug delivery systems. Anhydrous theophylline and diprophylline have been used as model drugs. This study was useful to set the extrusion parameters: temperature 100 °C; screw speed 30 rpm; feed rate 3 cc/min; 30 % dibutyl sebacate as a plasticizer. Importantly, hot melt extrudates based on ethylcellulose:guar gum blends offer an interesting potential as controlled drug delivery systems: They can be prepared at temperatures of about 100 °C, provide broad spectra of drug release patterns (in particular about constant drug release rates). Finally, hot melt extrudates remained stable after 1 year storage at ambient conditions
Cambronel, Melyssa. "Analyse de la réponse physiologique et génétique de Pseudomonas aeruginosa et Enterococcus faecalis envers l'épinéphine et recherche de senseurs putatifs. Epinephrine affects motility, and increases adhesion, biofilm and virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa H103 Influence of catecholamines (epinephrine/norepinephrine) on biofilm formation and adhesion in pathogenic and probiotic strains of Enterococcus faecalis Evaluation of probiotic properties and safety of Enterococcus faecium isolated from artisanal Tunisian meat "dried ossban" Probiotic potential and safety evaluation of Enterococcus faecalis OB14 and OB15, isolated from traditional Tunisian Testouri cheese and Rigouta, using physiological and genomic analysis Draft genome sequence of Enterococcus faecalis strain OB15, a probiotic strain recently isolated from "Tunisian Rigouta Cheese"." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR106.
Full textMicrobial endocrinology studies the interactions that can occur between bacteria and molecules secreted by the host. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis are two opportunistic pathogens involved in nosocomial infections. Their presence in the human body puts them in contact with eukaryotic molecules, including catecholamines (epinephrine andnorepinephrine) which are produced in the event of a "Fight of Flight" response but also during trauma or surgical procedures. These substances are known to be able to modulate bacterial physiology, including virulence and biofilm formation. The present study has shown that epinephrine could modulate the physiology of P. aeruginosa and E. faecalis probiotic and pathogenic strains. Epinephrine stimulates, among other things, biofilm formation andadherence, and could play, in P. aeruginosa, the role of xenosiderophore, thus promoting the development of infection by iron intake. We also hypothesized the presence of putative adrenergic sensors in P. aeruginosa and E. faecalis, PmrB and VicK, respectively. This work has increased our knowledge on host/pathogen communication and the effect of epinephrine on bacteria within the human microbiota. This may help in the future to discover novel therapeutic targets
Brocqueville, Guillaume. "Dualité fonctionnelle de LMP1 : implication dans l’apoptose et la transformation cellulaire." Thesis, Lille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL2S030/document.
Full textEpstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a human herpesvirus that infects more than 90% of worldwide population, generally asymptomatically. However, numerous studies show that EBV promotes tumorigenesis. Indeed, EBV infection is associated with many human malignancies including Burkitt’s lymphoma, Hodgkin’s lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. In most of these cancers associated with EBV, it expresses latency II program in which the latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) is expressed. LMP1 is described as the major EBV oncogene because its expression is necessary in vitro for survival and proliferation of transformed cell lines. This membrane protein is functionally related to members of the TNF receptors superfamily. LMP1 is constitutively active and its expression leads to activation of NF-κB, PI3K and MAPK signaling pathways. These activation confers oncogenic properties to LMP1, however, toxic effects associated with its expression are also described. Indeed, LMP1 can induce cell death in different cell types. In this context, we first developed and characterized LMP1 derivative variants consisting of its C-terminal signal, complete or partial, fused to GFP. We show that these variants are able to sequester adaptors binding to LMP1 and TNFR1, and inhibit signal and phenotypes induced by them. These proteins have dominant negative effect and may counteract LMP1 transformant properties in latency II cellular models. In addition, these dominant negatives impair TNFR1 signaling and associated phenotypes. Then, we studied LMP1 properties outside infectious context and its involvement in epithelial transformation. We show that LMP1 induces cell death in MDCK epithelial cells, but some go beyond its cytotoxic effects generating lines stably expressing LMP1 and in which this viral oncogene promotes survival and exacerbates HGF-induced phenotypes. Ambivalent character of LMP1 could limit the oncogenic potential of EBV but in return support the emergence of cells resistant to apoptosis and able to enhance growth factor responses. Our work allowed us to better understand the functional duality of LMP1 on the one hand its oncogenic effects favoring cell survival and other pro-apoptotic properties, induced directly or reveal by its inhibition, limiting tumorigenesis. Thus, characterization of molecular mechanisms involving LMP1 could participate in the definition of potential therapeutic strategies for treating cancers associated with EBV and where LMP1 is expressed
N'guessan, Ginette. "Synthèse de prodrogues de l’[aza(p-MeO)F⁴]-GHRP-6, α-acyloxyéthyl carbamates, pour réguler le récepteur CD36." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24154.
Full textA prodrug is a biologically inactive derivative of a drug which after administration undergoes chemical or enzymatic modification to release the active drug at targeted sites of activity. Prodrugs improve physicochemical properties to enable better transport through biological barriers and enhance activity. They are used to improve formulation and administration, to enhance permeability and absorption, to modify distribution profiles and to avoid metabolism and toxicity. The prodrug approach is useful for improving drug delivery. Prodrugs are classified into two types: carrier-linked prodrugs and bio-precursors. In the first case, the parent drug is linked by a covalent bond to an inert carrier or transport moiety. The carrier should not be active or toxic. The active drug is released by a chemical or enzymatic cleavage in vivo. In the second case, the parent drug is converted metabolically or chemically by hydration, oxidation or reduction reactions. Azapeptides employ a semicarbazide as an amino amide surrogate in a peptide analog in which the backbone α-CH is replaced by nitrogen. Through electronic interactions, the semicarbazide favors backbone β-turn geometry due to a combination of urea planarity and hydrazine nitrogen lone pair – lone pair repulsion. Azapeptides have proven therapeutic utility. Some of them exhibit better selectivity, activity and stability than the parent peptides with increased duration of action and improved metabolic stability. Growth hormone releasing peptide-6 (GHRP-6, H-His-D-Trp-Ala-Trp-D-Phe-Lys-NH₂) is a synthetic peptide possessing an affinity for two different receptors: growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a (GHS-R1a) and cluster of differentiation receptor 36 (CD36). The GHRP-6 azapeptide analogue, [aza(p-MeO)F⁴]-GHRP-6, has exhibited good affinity for CD36 and reduced nitric oxide overproduction in macrophage cells stimulated with the TLR-2 agonist R-FSL-1. Azapeptide ligands of CD36, such as [aza(p-MeO)F⁴]-GHRP-6, offers potential as prototypes for developing treatments of diseases such as atherosclerosis and age-related macular degeneration. A prodrug strategy has been pursued to improve the pharmacokinetic properties, such as duration of action, of [aza(p-MeO)F⁴]-GHRP-6. The first examples of α-acyloxyethyl carbamate peptides have been prepared. Five α-acyloxyethyl carbamate analogues of [aza(p-MeO)F⁴]-GHRP-6 have been synthesized by routes featuring acylation of the resin-bound peptide using different activated α-acyloxyethyl carbonates prior to resin cleavage and side chain deprotection. The evaluation of the activity of the pharmacokinetic properties of the [aza(p-MeO)F⁴]-GHRP-6 prodrugs is currently in progress and will be reported in due time.