Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Récepteurs β-adrénergiques'
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Silantieff, Emilie. "Implication des récepteurs β-adrénergiques et de NHERF1 dans la mucoviscidose." Nantes, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NANT2069.
Full textCystics fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease due to mutations in the cftr (CF transmembrane conductance regulator) gene. The most frequent mutation is the delection of phenylalanine at the position 508 of the protein (F508del). It has been described that CFTR is regulated by β-adreno ceptors (β-ARs). Only β1 and β2-AR has been observed in human airway with β2-AR being the predominant subtype. In CF bronchi a decrease of global β-ARs expression has been reported without distinction of subtypes. Moreover, β2-AR physically interact with CFTR via NHERF1 (NA+/H+ exchanger regulatory factor 1), a chaperone protein. The 1st aim of this study is to characterize the expression of all β-ARs subtypes in human bronchi samples : we show for the first time that β3-AR is expressed in human lung as well as β1 and β2-ARs. The 2nd aim is to compare β-ARs and NHERF1 expression in non-CF and CF bronchi samples : in CF bronchi sample, we demonstrate an under-expression of β2-AR and NHERF1 but a β3-AR over-expression. From those results, the 3nd aim of this study is to compare the effects of chronic β2 or β3-AR stimulations on all β-ARs subtypes expression and on CFTR expression and activity in human bronchial epithelial cell lines expressing wild-type (16HBE14o) or F508del-CFTR (CFBE41o-) : both treatments increase F508del-CFTR basal activity but do not affect β-ARs expression. As our team has reported that NHERF1 over-expression restores F508del-CFTR expression in vitro, the 4th aim of this thesis is to assess the effects of NHERF1 over-expression on CFTR expression in a mouse model homozygous for F508del
Sapena, Rosa. "Les récepteurs β-adrénergiques du système nerveux central, leurs modifications par les antidépresseurs." Paris 12, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA120050.
Full textCarbonnelle, Eric. "Mise au point d'un radioligand iodé des récepteurs β-adrénergiques myocardiques utilisable in vivo." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE19005.
Full textBarbier, Julie. "Hypertrophie cardiaque liée à l'entraînement : implications des récepteurs β adrénergiques et muscariniques dans ses adaptations fonctionnelles." Rennes 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005REN20023.
Full textAmong myocardial modifications induced by aerobic physical training: a bradycardia, an improvement of diastolic function and a developed cardiac hypertrophy are the well known. We demonstrated in our different studies that expression modifications of β AR seem to be involved in the cardiovascular adaptations observed during cardiac hypertrophy linked to training. Others factors also take place to explain morphological and functional cardiac adaptations. Among them, we can note tissular adaptations involving increased arteries number, without change in collagen density. These different elements emphasize the physiological and beneficial pattern of modifications induced by endurance training. The experimental studies realised on heart, and presented in this thesis, tried to elucidate the different organisation levels of organism (cell-tissu-organ), liable to be subject to some modifications linked to training
Bobin, Pierre. "Contribution des phosphodiestérases 3 et 4 au maintien de l’homéostasie calcique et à la prévention des arythmies ventriculaires dans le cardiomyocyte adulte." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA114821/document.
Full textThe β-adrenergic pathway (β-AR)/cAMP is crucial for the adaptation of the cardiac function upon stress. In heart failure (HF), this signaling pathway is disrupted and a significant proportion of patients dies of cardiac arrhythmias. Classically, the inotropic and lusitropic effects of cAMP are attributed to the phosphorylation by the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) of the key proteins of the excitation-contraction coupling (ECC). cAMP also activates the exchange factor Epac, which is involved in cardiac hypertrophy and controls intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. Epac activates CaMKII, another kinase modulated by Ca2+ and calmodulin which phosphorylates the same key proteins of the ECC, and is involved in arrhythmogenesis.Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) type 3 and 4 are crucial enzyme to degrade cAMP and to control Ca2+ homeostasis, thus ECC. PDE3 inhibitors are potent cardiotonic drugs but their use is limited by their pro-arrhythmic effects. Furthermore, the invalidation of genes encoding PDE4 results in ventricular arrhythmias. My work allowed characterizing the perturbations of Ca2+ homeostasis which lead to arrhythmias when PDE3 and PDE4 activities are decreased. My results show that PDE inhibitors exert inotropic effects via PKA, but evoke pro-arrhythmic Ca2+ waves via both PKA and CaMKII, the latter being activated in part via Epac. Altogether, these results suggest the potential use of CaMKII inhibitors as adjuncts to PDEs inhibitors to limit their deleterious effects, a hypothesis I also tested in a porcine model closer to the patient
Bentebbal, Sana. "Rôle de la voie Src et des récepteurs β-adrénergiques dans l’Hypertension Artérielle Pulmonaire Humaine et Expérimentale." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA114830/document.
Full textIdiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (iPAH) is characterized by an increased vascular resistance, increase pulmonary artery pressure, and at long term, a right ventricular failure. Endothelial dysfunction is the initial event of this pathology. It is a result of altered vasoactive molecules synthesis, altered growth factors production. These alterations directly affect the neighboring smooth muscle which produces an important vasoconstriction and a significant proliferation. Also, the smooth muscle has its own intrinsic abnormalities that participate in its vasoconstriction and proliferation phenotypes.It is to note that to date, PAH treatment strategies do not improve the vascular remodeling. Moreover, clinical results show no efficiency of these treatments on patient survival. Accordingly, this thesis studies have targeted new and better therapeutic approaches. To this aim, we have fist oriented our research toward the involvement of Src kinase in PAH pathology. We found that increased Src level in the Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells (PA-SMC) was associated with PAH development. Also, we have showed that, in vitro, Src inhibition, with specific molecules, prevent PA-SMC proliferation and revert PAH in a monocrotaline-induced experimental model. The second aim of this thesis work was oriented toward beta-adrenergic receptor inhibition in PAH. We have compared the effect of both the nebivolol, which is a third generation of b-blockers that has a vasodilation proterties, and metoprolol, which is a second generation of -blockers. Our results show that, as opposite to metoprolol, nebivolol has positive effects on endothelial dysfunctions, pulmonary artery relaxation, and on monocrotaline-induced PH in rats.Therefore, during this thesis, we have characterized two different therapeutic strategies that both show interesting potential in PAH treatment
Leblais, Véronique. "Caractérisation pharmacologique du récepteur β-3-adrénergique dans le système cardio-vasculaire." Paris 11, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA11T047.
Full textA functional β3-adrenoceptor has been recently described in the human heart. The β3- adrenoceptor stimulation, in contrast to that of β1- and β2-adrenoceptors, decreases cardiac contractility through a pertussis toxin (PTX) sensitive Guo protein. We have shown that this negative inotropic effect involves a NO Synthase (NOS) activation and an increase in intracellular cGMP level. For the first time, a channel, CFfR (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator), is described as a β3-adrenoceptor effector. Furthermore, we have shown, in a heterologous mammalian expression system, that the regulation of CFfR chloride conductance by the β3-adenoceptor is independent of the cAMP/PKA pathway, but involves a PTX sensitive Giio protein. We also suggest that this regulation is not mediated by NOS and does not imply the cytosolic protein NHE-RF (Na+IH+ Exchanger Regulator Factor). Activation of CFfR could explain in part the decrease in action potential duration induced by the β3-adrenoceptor stimulation. Pharmacological tools allowed us to demonstrate that the β3-adrenoceptor is expressed in the rat aorta. The β3-adrenoceptor stimulation induces a vasorelaxation which depends on the endothelium and is mediated through the activation of a NOS pathway and an increase in intracellular cGMP level. The β3-adrenoceptor characterization in the cardiovascular system provides new cellular coupling pathways for this receptor
Colussi-Mas, Joyce. "La sensibilisation comportementale à l'amphétamine : implication de la transmission β-adrénergique et des afférences à l'aire tegmentale ventrale." Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10290.
Full textChapot, Marie-Pierre. "Etude structurale du récepteur β-adrénergique : approches biochimique et immunochimique." Paris 7, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA077028.
Full textJiang, Cheng. "Modification de la voie de la stimulation des récepteurs β-adrénergiques dans le myocarde des rats Zucker obèses et obèses diabétiques." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066726/document.
Full textThe sympathetic nervous system (SNS) has been identified to be progressively activated in many cardiovascular diseases, from different chronic process including hypertension and cardiomyopathy, to congestive heart failure [82,156,412-414]. The hyperactivity of sympathetic nervous system may change the number, function and downstream mechanisms of β-adrenoceptors. Although there is no unified mechanism to interpret those divergent findings, calcium abnormalities has been recognized to be fundamental in the defective systolic function in left ventricle [82]. The intracellular calcium level is directly involved in the interaction of actin and myosin, thus reflects the contractility of muscle. β-adrenergic stimulation can induce the positive inotropic / lusitropic responses via the production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and the activation of protein kinase A (PKA). Thus calcium transient is increased after phosphorylation of serials targeted proteins (calcium channel, ryanodine receptor, SERCA2a, and troponin). Under the pathophysiological condition, β-adrenergic dysfunction may be a common mechanism of decreased cardiac function. So, we performed experiments about β-adrenoceptor stimulation pathway in two different pathophysiological status, cardiomyopathy of the elderly and metabolic syndrome. The first experiment is conducted within senescent rat. In the senescent heart, diastolic dysfunction and reduced response to β-adrenergic stimulation have been identified, which are associated with the down-regulation of 1- and 2-adrenoceptors, along with the up-regulation of 3-adrenoceptor. [73,415,416] These changes either reduce the cAMP production or facilitate the hydrolysis of cAMP. Meanwhile, a complementary mechanism of the regulation of cAMP has been involved in heart. The multidrug resistance protein 4 (MRP4) plays an important role in the regulation of intracellular cAMP and β-adrenergic stimulated cardiac responses. But the role of MRP4 in the senescent heart has never been studied. Thus, we conducted the experiment to study the MRP4 expression and its influence on β-adrenergic dysfunction in the senescent rat heart. MRP4 was quantified in left ventricular homogenates by Western blotting. The β-adrenergic responses to isoproterenol were investigated in vivo (stress echocardiography) and in vitro (sarcomere shortening and calcium transient of isolated cardiomyocyte by Ionoptix®) in young (3-month age) and senescent (24-month age) rats pretreated or not with MK571, a specific MRP4 inhibitor. As a result, we confirmed that the MRP4 overexpression contributes to the decrease of positive inotropic response to β-adrenoceptor stimulation in the senescent heart
Landais, Patricia. "Phosgène marqué au carbone-11 : nouvelle synthèse : intérêt médical." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112193.
Full textThis thesis describes a new synthesis of high specific radioactivity carbon-11 labelled phosgene. The latter is an important precursor for the labelling of radiopharmaceuticals used in Positron Emission Tomography. The synthesis is carried out in 10 minutes. First, the carbon-11 labelled methane (¹¹CH₄) is chlorinated into carbon tetrachloride on pumice impregnated with copper (II) chloride? A photochemical process had previously been studied but this reaction was strongly inhibited. Then the ¹¹C-carbon tetrachloride is oxidized into 11C-phosgene on hot stainless. The ¹¹C-CGP 12177 has been labelled from this new 11C-phosgene synthesis for receptor studies which require high specific radioactivity
Michel, Christophe. "Mécanismes d'adaptation du muscle squelettique lors de l'insuffisance cardiaque chronique : étude expérimentale chez le rat." Nancy 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN10342.
Full textTiaho, François. "Le canal calcique de myocytes ventriculaires de rat : mécanismes de transfert ionique, régulation β-adrénergique : modulation par les dihydropyridines." Tours, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOUR4012.
Full textLe, Douairon Lahaye Solène. "Effet combiné du diabète insulino-dépendant et de l’entraînement sur la fonction cardiaque : étude du système β-adrénergique et du système de régulation du calcium intracellulaire." Rennes 2, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00472525/fr/.
Full textThe insulin treatment does not avoid long-term development of cardiomyopathy, regular physical activity is now offered as a complement to drug therapy of diabetes. Our primary aim was to determine long term respective effects of exercise training and insulin treatment on cardiac function with a focus on the β-adrenergic system and/or on the calcium intracellular regulatory system. In the long-term insulin treatment and exercise training were not able to decrease the troubles caused by diabetes on myocardial function. Our endurance training did not improve myocardial performance in our model of diabetic rats, furthermore bradycardia and the β-adrenergic desensitization induced by diabetes has been increase. Afterwards, we considered the effects of a possible synergy between long-term insulin treatment and exercise training on myocardial performance. Associated insulin treatment and exercise training are able to normalize contractile function. This additive effect is likely mediated by changes in the signaling pathway involving Ca2+ cycling proteins. Our works show the interest of a major bi-dimensional treatment - insulin treatment, physical activity - in the therapeutic management of patients with diabetes everyday. However, we highlighted importance of adequate physical activity to induce the expected benefits
Breckler, Magali. "Mise en évidence des effets anti-hypertrophiques de carabine dans le cardiomyocyte et caractérisation de ses voies de signalisation." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA11T014/document.
Full textCardiac hypertrophy is an adaptative mechanism developed in response to hemodynamic overload. During chronic stress, it can lead to heart failure (HF), one of the most important causes of mortality in industrialized countries. Hypertrophic signaling pathway induced under α and β-adrenergic receptor involve small G protein Ras and calcium dependent proteins suchas the calcineurine (CaN) and the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases II (CaMKII), as well as their respective transcription factors NFAT and MEF2. In immune cells Carabin protein has been shown to inhibit CaN and Ras. The purpose of my thesis was to determine the role of Carabin in the cardiomyocyte.In vitro, we showed that Carabin is expressed in neonatal and adult rat cardiomyocyte and inhibits via its functional domains the Ras/ERK, CaN/NFAT and CaMKII/MEF2 signaling pathways. Under adrenergic chronic stimulation, Carabin overexpression blocks the development of hypertrophic markers (cell size increase, re-expression of embryonic genesand contractile protein reorganisation) preventing thus cardiac remodeling. Finally, in a rat model pressure overload cardiac hypertrophy, intra-cardiac injection of Carabin adenovirus inhibits cardiomyocyte growth. This study opens new insights into the treatment of HF
Carillion, Aude. "Physiopathologie de la dysfonction bêta-adrénergique et rôle de la protéine MRP4 au cours du vieillissement, du diabète et du syndrome métabolique." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066485/document.
Full textThe studies presented in this report looked for a better understanding of the altered response to stimulation of the β-adrenergic receptors in several physiopathological contexts. The first study confirms the alteration of the β-adrenergic response at the cardiomyocyte level in the senescent cardiomyopathy. The role of MRP4 (multidrug resistance associated protein 4) in the reduced inotropic response to isoproterenol is emphasized. The second study evaluates the response to β-adrenoceptors stimulation in the metabolic syndrome and shows mild dysfunction in this context even in obesity associate with diabetes. These functional results are explained by a reduced expression of β1- and β2-adrenergic receptors but no overexpression of β3-adrenoceptor as observed in type 1 diabetes. The third study analyzes the role of atorvastatin on the β-adrenergic response in the diabetic cardiomyopathy and the mechanisms involved by study of the cardiac transcriptome. The inhibition of nitrite oxide production improves the response to β-adrenoceptors stimulation in diabetic heart. The fourth study explained part of the β-adrenergic dysfunction in the diabetic cardiomyopathy by the overexpression of MRP4. The inhibition of this protein restored the response to isoproterenol during diabetic cardiomyopathy. All together the present results carry on with description of the mechanisms involved in the β-adrenergic dysfunction in aging and diabetes and underline the role of MRP4
Laurent, Anne-Coline. "Rôles et mécanismes d’action de la protéine Epac dans l’hypertrophie cardiaque." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA11T044/document.
Full textCatecholamines regulate cardiac function by stimulating β-adrenergic receptors (β-AR), leading to cAMP production and activation of a multiplicity of signaling pathways. Epac proteins are exchange factors for small G proteins which are directly activated by cAMP. Given the importance of the β-adrenergic pathway in cardiac physiopathology, it becomes essential to characterize functions of Epac protein in myocardium. In a first part, this study shows that H-Ras and Rap2B GTPases are involved in Epac-induced neonatal rat cardiac myocytes hypertrophy. Epac induces activation of the PLC/IP3/Ca2+ pathway which is necessary for H-Ras activation. At the transcriptional level, Epac causes HDAC4 nuclear export leading to activation of a hypertrophic gene program. In a second part, this study reveals implication of Epac1 in cardiac hypertrophy in vivo. Deletion of Epac1 in mice protects from cardiac remodeling induced by chronic isoproterenol infusion and enhances cardiac function. Cardiac specific overexpression of Epac1 in mice induces cardiac myocytes hypertrophy. Interestingly, β-AR/Epac1 pathway triggers ubiquitinated proteins accumulation and activation of autophagy both in vitro and in vivo. By eliminating aggregates and by counteracting hypertrophic effects of Epac, autophagy protects from deleterious effects of the β-AR/Epac pathway. These results open news insights into the treatment of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure
Bedioune, Ibrahim. "Régulation différentielle de l’activité PKA cytoplasmique et nucléaire par les récepteurs β1- et β2-ARs dans les cardiomyocytes ventriculaires de rat adulte." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS311/document.
Full textIn the heart, acute activation of the cAMP/PKA pathway upon stimulation of β-adrenoceptors (β-ARs), plays a fundamental role in the regulation of cardiac function, whereas chronic activation of this pathway is deleterious, as it is responsible for cardiac arrhythmias and hypertrophic remodeling of the heart. In cardiac myocytes, there are mainly two subtypes of β-ARs: β1- and β2-ARs, which exert different effects on cardiac function.In the first part of my thesis, my work was focused on understanding the role of β1- and β2-ARs in the differential regulation of cytoplasmic and nuclear PKA activity. Hence, I have showed that unlike β1-ARs which have the capacity to induce the activation of PKA in the cytoplasm and the nucleus, β2-ARs induce the activation of PKA only in the cytoplasmic compartment, regardless of their ability to induce an increase in cAMP in the nuclei. Consistently, β1- but not β2-ARs were able to induce the activation of the pro-apoptotic factor regulated by PKA, ICER.The second aim of my thesis was to decipher the different mechanisms involved in the inability of β2-ARs to activate PKA in the nucleus. I concentrated my efforts on investigating the role of the localization of β2-ARs in caveolae, their coupling to Gi proteins, their desensitization by GRK2 as well as the hydrolysis of cAMP by PDE3 and 4 in the regulation of β2-AR-induced cytoplasmic PKA activity. My results point to PDE4 as a central regulator which limits the activation of the PKA holoenzyme pool involved in the nuclear PKA responses. My results also show that mAKAP is a key component of nuclear PKA signaling induced by β2-ARs and to a lesser extent by β1-ARs. In the last part of my thesis, I have studied the remodeling of nuclear PKA signaling induced by β1- and β2-ARs that occurs during heart failure. I showed that, besides a decrease in β1-AR-induced nuclear PKA signaling, there is a de novo β2-AR-induced nuclear PKA signaling in cardiomyocytes from rat with heart failure.In conclusion, this work uncovers a new difference in PKA signaling between β1- and β2-ARs at the nuclear compartment of adult rat cardiomyocytes and underlines the importance of PDE4 and mAKAP in the regulation of β2-AR-induced nuclear PKA signaling
Erraji, Loubna. "Caractérisation d'une lignée de souris transgéniques portant le gène du récepteur β2-adrenergique humain : étude des conséquences de la surexpression des β2-ARs dans le foie." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05S028.
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