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Academic literature on the topic 'Récepteurs au glucagon (RG)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Récepteurs au glucagon (RG)"
Kahn, A. "Les deux récepteurs du glucagon." médecine/sciences 3, no. 1 (1987): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4267/10608/3597.
Full textAyala, Julio E., Deanna P. Bracy, Freyja D. James, Brianna M. Julien, David H. Wasserman, and Daniel J. Drucker. "The Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Regulates Endogenous Glucose Production and Muscle Glucose Uptake Independent of Its Incretin Action." Endocrinology 150, no. 3 (November 13, 2008): 1155–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2008-0945.
Full textBagby, G. J., C. H. Lang, N. Skrepnik, and J. J. Spitzer. "Attenuation of glucose metabolic changes resulting from TNF-alpha administration by adrenergic blockade." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 262, no. 4 (April 1, 1992): R628—R635. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1992.262.4.r628.
Full textGuerci, B., D. D'Alessio, C. Wysham, N. Jia, and F. Botros. "CA-023: Facteurs initiaux associés à la réponse glycémique au traitement par Dulaglutide, un agoniste des récepteurs au Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 en injection hebdomadaire chez des patients diabétiques de type 2 (DT2)." Diabetes & Metabolism 42 (March 2016): A41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1262-3636(16)30155-0.
Full textTaussat, Sébastien, Mekki Boussaha, Yuliaxis Ramayo-Caldas, Pauline Martin, Eric Venot, Gonzalo Cantalapiedra-Hijar, Chris Hozé, Sébastien Fritz, and Gilles Renand. "Gene networks for three feed efficiency criteria reveal shared and specific biological processes." Genetics Selection Evolution 52, no. 1 (November 10, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12711-020-00585-z.
Full textLu, Haojie, Jinhui Zhang, Zhou Jiang, Meng Zhang, Ting Wang, Huashuo Zhao, and Ping Zeng. "Detection of Genetic Overlap Between Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Using GWAS Summary Statistics." Frontiers in Genetics 12 (March 18, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2021.656545.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Récepteurs au glucagon (RG)"
Légaré, Annie. "Changement des propriétés des récepteurs hépatiques du glucagon induit par l'entraînement en endurance." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2001. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/2789/1/000681070.pdf.
Full textMelançon, Alexandre. "Augmentation de la densité des récepteurs hépatiques au glucagon induite par une période de jeûne et d'exercice." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2005. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/1217/1/000121114.pdf.
Full textPloton, Maheul. "Impact de la phosphorylation de FXR par la PKA sur son activité transcriptionnelle et sur la régulation de la néoglucogenèse hépatique." Thesis, Lille 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL2S032/document.
Full textGlucose homeostasis is maintained during normal fasting through a complex regulatory network controlled mainly by glucagon, a pancreatic hormone. Opposing the effects of insulin, it orchestrates the glucose use, storage and synthesis by the liver, the main organ that produces glucose during fasting. The latter is carried out first by the degradation of glycogen or glycogenolysis and then by de novo glucose synthesis or gluconeogenesis. Hepatic gluconeogenesis is controlled by modulation of various key enzymes activity and/or expression according to allosteric or transcriptional mechanisms.Multiple transcription factors are involved in the transcriptional regulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis. The nuclear bile acid receptor FXR is expressed in the liver and in several organs involved in glucose homeostasis. FXR regulates many essential liver functions, including controlling bile acid and lipid metabolism. The exact role of FXR on gluconeogenesis is still debated. The objective of this work was therefore to study the role of FXR in the control of hepatic gluconeogenesis under experimental conditions reflecting certain aspects of fasting. We demonstrated that FXR, in the presence of glucagon, positively regulated gluconeogenesis according to two mechanisms.The first mechanism involves phosphorylation of FXR by PKA, a glucagon-activated kinase. This FXR post-translational modification allows synergistic induction of key gluconeogenic enzymes expression by FXR and the CREB transcription factor. This mechanism identification constitutes the major part of the work presented in this thesis. These were integrated with work previously conducted in the laboratory that allowed us to identify an additional mechanism for regulating gluconeogenesis. The FXR direct interaction with the transcription factor FOXA2, itself activated by glucagon, inhibits the ability of FXR to induce the expression of SHP, a gluconeogenesis inhibitory nuclear receptor.This work has therefore identified for the first time that hepatic gluconeogenesis is positively regulated by FXR in the glucagon signalling pathway. For this, FXR integrates the "glucagon" signal by two distinct mechanisms: via post-translational modification, its phosphorylation by PKA on S325 and S357 serines and via protein-protein interaction with FOXA2
Geiger, Anne. "Organisations structurale et fonctionnelle de la région 5' des gènes du récepteur du glucagon de souris et de rat. Recherche d'éléments cis-régulateurs de la transcription." Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20132.
Full textLeung-Theung-Long, Stéphane. "Rôle du récepteur de la gastrine dans le pancréas endocrine." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30138.
Full textExpressed in human fetal pancreas, gastrin and its receptor (CCK2 receptor) may actively contribute to the differentiation of endocrine cells by inducing glucagon gene expression in alpha cells. Using a new alpha pancreatic cell model expressing the CCK2 receptor, we show that gastrin stimulates glucagon gene expression by activating the MEK1/ERK1/2 signaling cascade and the transcription factor Egr-1. Moreover, expression of genes involved in endocrine lineage was investigated from 4 human pancreatic duct cell lines. In response to agents which can induce endocrine differentiation, BxPC3 cell line seems to be a suitable model in order to study mechanisms controlling endocrine differentiation in adult pancreas
Denechaud, Pierre-Damien. "Rôle du récepteur nucléaire LXR et du glucagon dans la régulation du facteur de transcription ChREBP : implication dans le développement de la stéatose hépatique et de la résistance à l'insuline." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077031.
Full textThe liver plays a key role in the control of energetic homeostasis and is the major site for de novo lipid synthesis from glucose (lipogenesis) in the fed state. Induction of lipogenic gene expression is under the control of three important factors : transcription factors ChREBP and SREBP-1c, respective mediators of the action of glucose and insulin, and the nuclear receptor LXR. During my PhD thesis, we focused on the regulation of ChREBP by LXR and glucagon as well as its implication in the development of hepatic steatosis. Our results show that the activation of ChREBP requires glucose metabolism but is independent of LXR. The phenotypic analysis of LXR knockout mice revealed that LXR is not involved in the glucose- mediated induction of hepatic genes. We have also shown that the modulation of Ser-196 ghosphorylation by glucagon is crucial for ChREBP cellular localization. The glucagon-mediated phosphorylation of Ser-196 is also determinant during thé suckling period to maintain ChREBP in an inactive state in the cytososl. Finally, we have shown that ChREBP overexpression, by increasing the entire lipogenic program, leads to the development of hepatic steatosis. However, ChREBP-induced steatosis is not associated with insulin- resistance or inflammation in liver suggesting that lipogenesis could have a protective effect
Marmonier, Florence. "Contrôle hormonal de la thermogenèse sans frisson musculaire et balance énergétique : rôle du réseau vasculaire." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10108.
Full textEl, Jamal Noura. "Homéostasie de l’intestin et de la peau : cibles et modèles pour étudier l’inflammation et la carcinogenèse." Thesis, Lille 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL2S023/document.
Full textIntestinal and skin physiologies are quite similar as far as the homeostasis in both depends on complex interactions between the microbiota, the epithelium and the host immune system. Diverse regulatory mechanisms cooperate to maintain the equilibrium, and a breakdown in these pathways may precipitate pathological conditions. Glucagon like peptide 2 (GLP-2) represents one of the hot topics in research in intestinal physiology. Its dual function as an anti-inflammatory agent and growth factor has led to its consideration in therapeutic strategies and GLP-2 analogs are currently in clinical trials for several digestive diseases. The integrative responses to GLP-2 are mediated via the GLP-2 receptor (GLP-2R). Despite extensive research, precise tissue distribution of GLP-2R expression remains controversial both in rodents and humans. It is widely believed that GLP-2R expression is restricted to the gastrointestinal tract, mainly to the proximal bowel, despite the presence of few studies reporting extra-intestinal expression. Thus, to enhance our knowledge concerning the potential functions of GLP-2 analogs, a better understanding for GLP-2R expression is considered necessary. We therefore realized a panel of GLP-2R expression in mice tissues and in several human, murine and rat cells lines. Given the therapeutic beneficial effects of GLP-2 analogs in intestinal disorders, we investigated the intestinal expression of GLP-2R in mice models of chemically-induced colitis and in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. We demonstrated that GLP-2R is more widely expressed than expected with significant expression in several mice tissues including bladder, central nervous system, mesenteric adipose tissue, mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen, and liver. We also showed that the expression of GLP-2R in the gastrointestinal tract follows an increasing gradient toward the distal gut with highest expression in the colon and rectum. Interestingly, the intestinal expression of GLP-2R is significantly decreased in experimental mice models of colitis and in IBD patients which raised the point of the physiological role of GLP-2 analogs in digestive disease patients. Overall, previous hypotheses limiting GLP-2R expression and function to proximal bowel need to be revisited, and further studies should address the extra-intestinal biological function of GLP-2
Lasalle, Manuel. "TGR5, cible thérapeutique pour le traitement du diabète de type 2 et ses complications métaboliques : de la chimie aux effets biologiques." Thesis, Lille 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL2S023/document.
Full textBile acids have long been known as lipid solubilizing agents, enabling efficient absorption of nutrients and vitamins during digestion. Since 2000, several teams have demonstrated the signaling properties of these molecules, especially through the activation of two receptors : the nuclear receptor FXR and the membrane receptor TGR5.The TGR5 receptor is expressed in various tissues, such as smooth and skeletal muscles, brown adipose tissue, gallbladder, but also on some immune or intestinal cell lines such as the enteroendocrine L cells. Depending on the studied tissue, TGR5 activation can trigger various biological effects. In the intestine, its activation can stimulate the secretion of an incretin hormone, the GLP-1.Incretin hormones play a role in glycaemia regulation, especially during the postprandial phase during which they potentiate the action of the insulin, the main hypoglycemic hormone. Diabetes mellitus correspond to a decreased response of the organism to insulin signaling. This leads to a default in the glycaemia handling that can lead to serious complications, such as amputation, blindness, or cardiovascular problems. Prevalence and incidence of this disease have lead the WHO to define diabetes as the first non-infectious epidemic, illustrating its impact on public health and the constant need for new therapeutic opportunities.In this context, TGR5 appears as an appealing potential therapeutic target, especially because of the GLP-1 secretagogue effect triggered by its activation. Indeed, among the antidiabetic therapeutic options, two classes of drugs work by increasing the incretin signaling: the incretinopotentiators (inhibitors of the DPP4, which is the enzyme responsible for the very short half-life of GLP-1), and the incretinomimetics (synthetic agonists of the GLP-1 receptor). Recently, this last class has also been approved to treat obesity. This demonstrates the interest of this signaling pathway in the treatment of metabolic disorders. Hence, GLP-1 secretagogue compounds may prove to be an interesting approach, and could complement the two other classes.The aim of this work was then to obtain potent, selective and original agonists of the TGR5 receptor. In order to decrease the risk of on-target and off-target effects, we decided to take advantage of the intestinal localization of our target by designing compounds that would only expose the gastro-intestinal tract, by limiting their absorption. Thus, we wanted to obtain non systemic GLP-1 secretagogue compounds.Our strategy was to develop chimeric compounds consisting of a pharmacophore part, which would be a potent and selective agonist of TGR5, linked to a kinetophore part, which would decrease membrane permeability. After having optimized the pharmacophore part and having identified a position where we could link various kinetophore moieties with only weak impact on the activity, we obtained several potent TGR5 agonists with very low membrane permeability. In vivo evaluations of these compounds have validated both their GLP-1 secretagogue activity and their low systemic exposure. In the end, evaluation of our lead compound on mouse model of diabetes was recently started
Hoguet, Vanessa. "Optimisation de nouveaux agonistes topiques intestinaux du récepteur aux acides biliaires TGR5 pour le traitement du diabète de type 2." Thesis, Lille 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL2S024/document.
Full textThe membrane receptor TGR5 (Takeda G Protein-coupled Receptor 5) is an ubiquitous receptor sensitive to bile acids. It is expressed in many tissues and organs including the intestine (in enteroendocrine L cells), the gallbladder, smooth and skeletal muscles, brown adipose tissue and in some immune cells. In vitro and in vivo studies in animals have shown beneficial effects of TGR5 activation on energy and glucose homeostasis. It is now commonly accepted that the beneficial effects of TGR5 on glucose homeostasis are, at least in part, mediated by its ability to promote the secretion of the intestinal incretin glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in enteroendocrine L cells.However, recent experiments have shown that the activation of TGR5 by systemic agonists in animal models can induce unwanted effects such as increased gallbladder volume, itching and cardiovascular issues. In order to avoid the undesired effects of systemic agonists of TGR5, the project focused on the development of TGR5 agonists with an intestine targeted distribution and a very low oral bioavailability. Then, we hypothesized that the activation of TGR5 limited to the intestinal epithelium without systemic exposure would promote the beneficial effects on glucose homeostasis via the GLP-1 secretagogue effect, while minimizing systemic effects on other tissues or organs expressing TGR5.On the basis of structure-activity relationships on a series of TGR5 agonists developed in the laboratory, we have designed chimeric compounds as follows: the pharmacophore responsible for activity on the TGR5 receptor is bound, via a linker, at structural elements called kinetophores that fine-tune the physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties of our agonists to limit their intestinal absorption. Thus, the aim of this work was to obtain powerful and original non-systemic TGR5 agonists acting in the intestine to generate the in vivo proof of concept of the therapeutic potential of such agonists in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.A systematic study of the effect of various kinetophores was performed. About thirty compounds have been synthesized in 8 to 12 steps allowing the identification of powerful agonists with pharmacokinetic properties in accordance with our strategy of topical intestinal compounds. In vivo studies were then used to validate the GLP-1 secretagogue effect of such compounds. Finally, evaluation of one of the best compounds in a murine model of diabetes allowed us to validate the hypothesis that a topical intestinal agonist of TGR5 can have a beneficial effect on energy and glucose homeostasis