Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Récepteurs aux endothélines'
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Kang, Gyoung-Dong. "Conception et synthèse d'antagonistes non peptidiques des récepteurs aux endothélines." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE18005.
Full textBlandin-Morisot, Virginie. "Etude pharmacologique et fonctionnelle des antagonistes des récepteurs endothélines : mise en évidence d'inhibiteurs allostériques." Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA11T14B.
Full textThe discovery of endothelins, potent vasoconstrictor peptides and nitric oxide at the end of the eighties point out a new role of the vascular endothelium. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is mainly secreted by endothelial cells and acts via two G protein-coupled receptors, ET-A and ET-B. ET-1 is supposed to play an important role in several cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Consequently, pharmaceutical companies are interested in developping receptor antagonists but their action remains unclear in most cases. Actions of ET receptor antagonists have often be described as atypical, in the sense they cannot be interpreted using classical pharmacological reasonning. They have suggested existence of novel forms of receptors or of various forms of cross-talk mechanisms. The first part of this work was to demonstrate that atypical actions of receptor antagonists arise whenever second order binding conditions prevail. In instance BQ-123 insensitive actions of ET-1 can be documented in cells that express functional ET-A and ET-B receptors. One of the main properties of endothelin is its almost irreversible binding to its receptors. This simple fact limits the action of antagonists. The second part of this work was to show that it is possible to overcome the irreversibility of ET-1 binding by using allosteric inhibitors. Aspirin and salicylic acid are such inhibitors. A detailed structure activity relationship study led to identification of 3,5 dibromosalicylic acid as a potent allosteric inhibitor for ET-A receptors. It inhibits ET-1 binding in an apparently competitive manner and potentiates actions of true competitive receptor antagonists
Allard, Bertrand. "Production et caractérisation d’anticorps polyclonaux et monoclonaux ciblant les récepteurs des endothélines en vue d’une immunothérapie des cancers." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA114803/document.
Full textFor a decade, monoclonal antibodies have become increasingly important for the biotherapeutic management of cancer. However, none of the monoclonal antibodies currently on the market or in late stage clinical trial do target a G-protein coupled receptor in spite of the emerging role of these receptors in tumor progression. Among the therapeutically relevant GPCRs for oncology, the endothelin receptors (ETAR and ETBR) are particularly attractive considering their overexpression in a wide range of tumors and their involvement in various stages of tumorigenesis. In this context, my PhD project consisted in producing and characterizing monoclonal antibodies directed against endothelin receptors with a view to use them as anti-tumor agents. Using an original DNA immunization strategy, we produced a panel of 27 monoclonal antibodies which selectively recognized ETBR expressed at the surface of transfected cells. One of these antibodies, named rendomab-B1, was extensively characterized and proved to be a potent allosteric antagonist of ETBR. Moreover, rendomab-B1 was able to disrupt the autocrine ET1-mediated survival loop on vascular endothelial cells, suggesting that this antibody could be used to prevent the pro-tumorigenic effect due to ET-1 and ETBR upregulation in the tumor-surrounding endothelium. Furthermore, rendomab-B1 binding onto ETBR was also assessed on melanoma cell lines and revealed that a tumor-specific form of ETBR may exist, as illustrated by the poor fixation of rendomab-B1 on these cells in spite of the presence of functional ETB receptors. Together, these results present rendomab-B1 as promising agent, not only for the structural and functional study of ETBR, but also for its therapeutic modulation in the case of cancer for instance. Finally, the other 26 monoclonal antibodies, whose characterization is still ongoing, also constitute potential tools for fundamental or therapeutic applications involving ETBR. To conclude, this work has highlighted the relevance of the DNA immunization approach to generate monoclonal antibodies against the native form of GPCRs
Borrull, Aurélie. "Obtention et caractérisation d’anticorps monoclonaux dirigés contre les récepteurs des endothélines, ETAR et ETBR, surexprimés dans de nombreux cancers et impliqués dans la progression tumorale." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA114820/document.
Full textIt has been admitted that endothelin axis (endothelins ET-1, -2 and -3 and related GPCRs ETAR and ETBR) is involved in tumor progression. For instance, while ETAR is overexpressed in ovarian cancer, ETBR is in melanoma. This overexpression, as well as ETA/BR involvement in carcinogenesis, make these GPCRs a relevant tumor target. Because of their high specificity, various cytotoxic actions, possibilities of coupling, the monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are useful tools in diagnosis and anti-cancer therapy. However, the absence of mAbs targeting GPCRs on the market is regrettable. Thanks to DNA immunization, 4 anti-ETAR mAbs and 24 anti-ETBR mAbs were produced. Preliminary results obtained with anti-ETAR are promising since these mAbs bind ETAR overexpressed in CHO cells with high affinity, one of them being a potent inhibitor of ligand binding. However, the aim of my PhD research works focused on the characterization of one anti-ETBR. This mAb specifically recognizes with high affinity the native conformation of ETBR overexpressed on the surface of melanoma cells, suggesting the existence of a tumor-specific receptor. Following its binding on UACC-257 cells (melanoma cell line), the mAb is internalized. In these cells, despite its inability to inhibit ET binding, this mAb is able to inhibit the ligand-induced activation of PLC pathway and display a potent inhibition of endothelin axis-induced migration. This work highlights the interest of this mAb as a tool for diagnosis and therapy in melanoma
Bernard, Sandra. "Adhérence de Neisseria meningitidis aux cellules endothéliales humaines : rôle du récepteur cellulaire CD147." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077242.
Full textN. Meningitidis, also referred to as meningococcus, is a commensal bacterium of the human nasopharynx, responsible for septicemia and meningitis. The interaction between N. Meningitidis and endothelial cells has a major role in meningococcal pathogenesis. The type IV pili, filamentous appendices distributed on the bacterial surface, are the major adhesins allowing the initial adhesion of the virulent capsulated strains of meningocci to human cells. However, the cell receptor involved in such interaction, as well as the specific adhesin component/s, were still elusive. Previous experiments in our laboratory identified CD 147 as the potential cell receptor for N. Meningitidis type IV pili. My thesis project shows that CD 147 expression is required for the initial type IV pili-mediated adhesion of N. Meningitidis on brain and peripheral endothelial cells. Meningococcal pili can directly interact with the proximal immunoglobulin domain of CD 147 and this interaction engages specifically the major pilin pilE and the minor pilin pilV within the pilus structure. Finally, the role of CD 147 and these meningococcal pilins was confirmed during infection ex vivo of human brain slices, which were validated as infection model for N. Meningitidis. Altogether, the results obtained shed light on the initial process of meningococcal adhesion on human cells, first step of an infectious disease that still represents a severe public health issue Worldwide
Lafargue, Audrey. "Étude mécanistique & fonctionnelle de la sénescence radio-induite des cellules endothéliales microvasculaires." Nantes, 2014. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=920fc9d7-fa70-4586-9662-a4f810b303d0.
Full textThe benefits of radiation therapy depend on the balance between the impact on tumoral tissues and on healthy peripheral tissues. Sphingosine-1-Phosphate (S1P) treatment allows to limit acute radiation toxicity through prevention of Ceramide-dependent microvascular endothelial cell death. However, numerous physiopathological observations indicate that endothelial cells also play an essential role in late radiation toxicity, possibly owing to premature senescence. S1P treatment, by protecting endothelial cells, could stabilize DNA damages and/or downstream signalization, and thereby promote senescence. The objectives of this thesis aimed at understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in in vitro development of radiation-induced microvascular endothelial cell senescence, and evaluate the impact of S1P treatment. We have observed that induction of senescence is associated with an activated phenotype, and with an increase in endothelial cell monolayer permeability. Regarding the mechanisms, our results indicate that, interestingly, endothelial cell senescence is independent of the persistence of DNA damage signalization. Instead, we show that it depends on chronic mitochondrial oxidative stress and p53 upregulation. These original findings suggest as perspectives the combination between S1P and an endothelial cell senescence inhibitor, so as to limit both acute and late toxicity
Sedkaoui, Melissa. "Single-chain variable fragments and molecularly imprinted polymers directed against endothelin receptors – type B for cancer cells targeting." Thesis, Compiègne, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021COMP2636.
Full textEndothelin receptors are G-protein coupled receptors of which two variants exist, type A (ETAR) and type B (ETBR). They are mainly described for their physiological role of regulating the blood flow in all vessel types via vasoconstriction and vasodilatation mechanisms, respectively. However, endothelin receptors are involved in several physiological disorders including cancer in which the expression of one or both endothelin receptors are deregulated.We have developed two complementary strategies for targeting ETB receptors, aiming to inhibit its action when it is overexpressed: selection of single-chain variable fragments (scFv) from a large naive library by phage-display technology as « biologic antibodies », and tailor-made template-assisted synthesis of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIP) as « plastic antibodies ». The selection of scFv was performed by biopanning on whole transfected cells in order to maintain the native conformation of ETBR. Phage-scFv that only bind to the target and the ones that are internalized subsequently to scFv-receptor interaction were isolatedseparately. After confirming the recognition of CHO-ETBR cells over CHO-WT cells by polyclonal phage-scFv using an ELISA assay and Scanning Electron Microscopy (S.E.M), we have selected in total 17 clones that showed increased binding ability by monoclonal phage-ELISA on whole transfected cells but also to UACC-257, a melanoma cell line with an overexpression of ETBR. Preliminary results obtained by flow cytometry showed an enhanced recognition of CHO-ETBR by one of the selected clones. Cell viability was shown to be affected by some of these clones. MIP nanoparticles were synthesized using a synthetic peptide as template molecule that mimics an « epitope » of ETBR. We performed the synthesis on a solid phase in order to obtain an oriented exposition of the template resulting in the production of MIPs with homogenous cavities. MIP particles of a size in the nanometer range were obtained and were subsequently tested for their ability to recognize the whole receptor expressed oncell surface by cell imaging. Fluorescent nano-MIPs were shown to recognize selectively transfected cells with regard to their non-transfected counterparts
Boulven, Isaline. "Réseaux de transduction stimulés par les récepteurs à activité tyrosine kinase et les récepteurs couplés aux protéines G dans les cellules myométriales : rôle dans l'activation des protéines ERK et impact sur la prolifération cellulaire." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112007.
Full textIn this study, we aimed to analyse the signalling pathways involved in the regulation of myometrial cells proliferation which plays an essential role in uterine functions. We demonstrated, in rat myometrial cells in primary culture, the involvement of MAP kinases of the ERK type in the mitogenic effect of various agents: PDGF, a growth factor acting through a receptor tyrosine kinase, endothelin-1 (ET -1), a mitogenic peptide which interacts in the myometrium with receptors coupled to Gi and Gq proteins, and pervanadate (PV), a potent protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor. Our results showed that PDGF and PV induced PLC-γ1/Ins3 stimulation and ERK activation that both contribute to cAMP production by increasing the release of arachidonic acid and the biosynthesis of prostaglandin. The inhibition of ERK activation and DNA synthesis by cAMP constitutes a potentially important negative feedback loop for PDGF and PV- mediated responses. The presence and the activation by PV of tyrosine kinases of the Src family was also demonstrated in rat myometrial cells. These kinases contributed to the activation of PLCγ1 and the production of InsP3 triggered by PV, and to the activation of ERK induced by ET-1. Indeed, we demonstrated that ET-1-mediated ERK activation involves the sequential activation of PKC, Src and Ras. We also showed that two signalling pathways contribute to the PKC-dependant ERK activation induced by ET-1: a Gq-PLCβ-InsP3-conventional/novel PKC and a Gi-PI3kinase-atypical PKC pathway. Altogether, the results demonstrate the presence of signalling networks required for the regulation of myometrial cells proliferation which play an essential role in physiological conditions (gestation) as well as pathological (fibroma) and physiopathological (preterm) conditions
Goncalves, Victor. "Conception et évaluation biologique d'antagonistes des récepteurs au VEGF à activité anti-angiogénique." Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05S012.
Full textAngiogenesis is the formation of blood vessels from a pre-existing vasculature. Its dysregulation is implicated in cancer. It is commonly admitted that the VEGF is the most potent proangiogenic factor. VEGF activity is triggered by its binding to tyrosine kinase receptors located at the surface of endothelial cells. We searched to develop ligands of the extracellular domain of VEGF receptors, with antagonist activities. First, a competition assay based on chimioluminescence was set up. Then we rationally designed peptide antagonists of the VEGFR, mimicking the structure of the VEGF. A fluorescent peptide has also been synthesized for imaging purposes and we describe the solid phase cychzation of peptides by the Cu(I)-catalyzed Huisgen cycloaddition. A second approach consisted in performing the in silico screening of a small molecule library A few hits were identified and their optimization was undertaken. Finally, the VEGF binding domain of VEGF receptors has been produced by SPPS
Siraj, Muhammad Ahsan. "Caractérisation du récepteur endothélial de la FSH comme marqueur des vaisseaux sanguins associés aux tumeurs." Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST0075.
Full textBackground : Follicle Stimulating Hormone receptor (FSHR) is expressed by the vascular endothelium in a wide range of human primary tumors. Our purpose was to further evaluate FSHR as marker of tumor blood vessels associated with sarcomas, breast cancer molecular subtypes, and metastases as well as predictive biomarker of response to antiangiogenic treatment.MethodsWe used immunohistochemistry involving a highly specific mouse monoclonal anti-FSHR antibody and in situ hybridization to detect FSHR in tissue samples from patients with sarcomas (308 patients), breast cancer molecular subtypes (84 patients), and metastases (203 patients). To evaluate FSHR as predictive marker of antiangiogenic treatment of metastatic kidney cancer with sunitinib, we used immunofluorescence confocal microscopy to co-localize FSHR with von Willebrand factor, a marker of vascular endothelial cells (50 patients).ResultsFSHR is expressed in all 11 subtypes of sarcoma patients analysed, in 75% of metastatic tumors examined as well as in all different molecular subtypes of breast cancers. In metastatic kidney cancer patients the percentage of FSHR stained vessels was on average fivefold higher for the patients who responded to the treatment in comparison with the stable group and almost eightfold higher than in the non-responsive group (57%, 11%, and 7%, respectively).ConclusionsOur results suggest that, in addition to the cancers previously reported, FSHR can be considered as tumor marker for sarcomas and metastasis. Moreover, FSHR can be used, with high sensitivity and specificity, as predictive biomarker for the response to sunitinib treatment of patients with metastatic kidney cancer
Masri, Bernard. "Fonction endothéliale du récepteur de l'apeline : étude de la cascade de transduction et implications physiologiques." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30181.
Full textOur team have characterized a new receptor, msr/apj, which is expressed in the endothelium of newly forming heart and blood vessels. In 1998, the endogenous ligand (named apeline) of this receptor was isolated by a Japanese laboratory. In order to understand the endothelial function of this new signaling pathway, we analyzed the various signal transduction pathways activated by apelin in CHO cells which stably express msr/apj. In these cells, apelin induces inhibition of adenylylcyclase, and activation of ERKs and p70S6 kinase. The stable expression of pertussis toxin insensitive a subunits of G proteins led us to demonstrate that ERK stimulation is ai2 dependent and Ras independent. The p70S6 kinase stimulation preferentially involves ai1, a PI3 Kinase, Akt, and mTOR. Interestingly, we observed that HUVEC (Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells) endogenously express the apelin receptor. In these cells, apelin induces the activation of p70S6K and leads to their proliferation. However, these cells also express apelin which can induce an autocrine desensitization of the receptor. This desensitization can be obtained after acute pretreatment of the CHO by apelin or observed with CHO cells co-expressing the receptor and apelin. The deletion of the receptor C-terminal domain abolishes the desensitization associated with the coupling with the ai2 subunit and the ERK activation. Thus, this receptor represents a new pharmacological target for pathologies associated with a neovascularization such as the solid tumors development and ischemic retinopathy
May, Olivia. "Etude du tropisme rénal du syndrome hémolytique et urémique atypique : susceptibilité endothéliale glomérulaire à l'hème et découverte de RAGE comme un nouveau récepteur de l'hème." Thesis, Lille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL2S041.
Full textThe atypical haemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) is a thrombotic microangiopathy of which the predominantly renal damage remains, to date, misunderstood. The aim of this work was to improve the understanding of this organ tropism by two axes of study: i) the susceptibility of the glomerular endothelium to hemolysis, which is the consequence of microthrombosis in aHUS, and also an complement pathway enhancer via free heme, hemoglobin-mediated hemolysis molecule, ii) the potential role of the receptor for advanced glycation end products, RAGE. Indeed, RAGE is described as an endothelial receptor with high proinflammatory and prothrombotic potential, involved in many kidney diseases; a team also reported that it was a receptor for the C3a molecule, anaphylatoxin released in complement activation.The first part of this work aimed to explain the vulnerability of the glomerular endothelium under the effect of hemolysis. We studied several types of endothelial cells exposed +/- to heme, and developed a murine model treated with heme. In hemolytic conditions, several factors that could participate in the endothelial glomerular susceptibility have been put forward: i) less binding of factor H, the main complement regulator, on its surface; ii) low expression of thrombomodulin, coagulation protein and complement regulator; iii) low expression of heme-oxygenase 1, the main heme degradation enzyme. These last two points were related to low induction, on glomerular endothelial cells, of transcription factors, KFL2 and KLF4.The second part of this work focused on RAGE. Having failed to reproduce the RAGE / C3a interaction, we explored the hypothesis of a linkage of RAGE to heme. Indeed, the only known endothelial receptor is Toll Like Receptor 4 (TLR4), which shares several common ligands (LPS - lipopolysaccharide, HMGB1 - high-mobility group box 1). We found that RAGE was a heme receptor, and identified that the binding site was on domain V. Using a mouse model knock out for RAGE and treated +/- with heme, we demonstrated that i) the invalidation of RAGE had a protective effect in case of exposure to heme, marked by a decrease in the expression of genes of inflammation (IL1β; TNFα; and tissue factor) at the pulmonary level, organ expressing most strongly RAGE, ii) the heme is an activator or the phosphorylation of ERK1 / 2 and Akt pathways via RAGE.Through this work, we have clarified the links between complement activation, hemolysis and glomerular endothelial susceptibility in aHUS. At the same time, we have identified RAGE as a new heme receptor, whose RAGE/heme bindind would activate different signaling pathways for inflammation. The control of heme and RAGE could constitute new therapeutic pathways in the aHUS, and hemolytic diseases
Fareau-Saposnik, Béatrice. "Etude fonctionnelle du domaine homologue à la Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG) de la protéine S et relation génotype-phénotype du récepteur des cellules endothéliales de la protéine C (EPCR), deux cofacteurs du système de la protéine C." Paris 5, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA05P625.
Full textThree cofactors participate to protein C (PC) anticoagulant pathway, the thrombomodulin (TM), the endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) and the protein S (PS). TM and EPCR are involved in the first step of the pathway by accelerating the PC activation step, whereas PS increases factors Va and VIIIa inactivation by activated PC (aPC), thereby inhibits further thrombin generation. If TM plays an unequivocal role by increasing by 20000 fold the PC activation into aPC, the role of PS and EPCR are more elusive since enzymatic reactions they favorize are increased by 20 or 5 fold, respectively. Nevertheless, the severe thrombotic disease observed in patients with homozygous protein S deficiency highlights the key role of PS in maintaining blood fluidity. Then, the mechanism by which PS inhibits coagulation in vitro remained to be elucidated, and this motivated the first part of our study. We focussed our work on the PS C-terminal domain, which is a sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG)-like domain which replaces the serine protease domain found in other vitamin K dependent plasma proteins, the functions of which are unclear. We expressed the PS SHBG-like domain alone or together with its adjacent domain EGF4. These both recombinant modules were purified and their biochemical features revealed that they adopted the conformation of native PS, indicating that PS SHBG-like region is an independent folding unit. We also obtained the first evidence that the SHBG-like domain alone is sufficient to support the interaction with C4b-binding protein, and contains one Calcium binding site. However, neither recombinant module exhibited aPC cofactor activity in a clotting assay, suggesting that the PS SHBG-like domain must be part of the intact molecule for it to contribute to aPC activity, possibly by constraining the different domains in a conformation that permits optimal interaction with aPC. .
Meffray, Emmanuelle. "Facteurs anti-angiogéniques et maladies rénales." Nantes, 2013. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=906b4446-caad-4b87-9b9e-69ad6e732e63.
Full textSoluble Flt1 is an anti-angiogenic factor, secreted by endothelial cells, monocytes and placenta, which impairs the effects of VEGF on endothelium survival and repair. It results from an alternative splicing of VEGFR1 transcript and from cleavage of the membrane-bound form of VEGFR1, and is involved in several renal diseases. Notably, it is involved in chronic diseases: it contributes to endothelial dysfunction in patients with chronic kidney disease, and is a marker of cardiovascular risks. Our team also demonstrated a correlation between sFlt1 and delayed graft function on the one side and renal vascular injuries in acute ANCA-associated vasculitis on the other side. In this context, this study aimed to assess the impact of dialysis, the long-term treatment of end-stage renal disease, on sFlt1 secretion, and on the mechanisms responsible for this secretion. We also intented to clarify the causes of renal injuries in systemic dysfunctions such as vasculitides. We enlightened a fast and large increase in sFlt1 secretion during dialysis, and we clarified the influence of dialysis methods and heparin use. Then, in vitro studies allowed us to dismiss several hypothesis of the processes at work in this increase. In conclusion, this study gives an insight into the regulatory mechanisms of the angiogenic balance involved in renal diseases
Alabed-Alibrahim, Eid. "Régulation de l’angiogenèse par le chlordécone : implication du stress oxydatif et de la mitochondrie." Thesis, Angers, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ANGE0053.
Full textEpidemiological studies report that exposure to pesticides like chlordecone increases risk of prostate cancer and tumorigenesis. We have reported recently that the pro-angiogenic effect of chlordecone involving NO release and VEGF production is mediated through activation of α isoform of the estrogen receptor (ERα). Since mitochondria and ROS have been implicated inthe process of angiogenesis, this study aims to determine the contribution of mitochondrial biogenesisand oxidative stress in chlordecone-induce dangiogenesis. Firstly, our results indicate that mitochondrial biogenesis is not essential for chlordecone angiogenic response. We also identified the molecular mechanism involved; chlordecone induces endothelial cells angiogenesis by a spatiotemporal regulation of ROS production involving NADPH oxidase then mitochondrial O2 -via a NO sensitive pathways through activation of ERα.These findings propose that a molecular mechanism may partly explain the epidemiological evidence implicating chlordecone as risk factor of prostatic cancer
Quemener, Cathy. "Rôle de la glycoprotéine EMMPRIN dans l'invasion et l'angiogenèse des cancers du sein." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077232.
Full textThe metastatic process is related to tumor invasion and angiogenesis and depends largely on the degradation of the basal membrane and the extracellular matrix by proteases such as matrix proteases (MMP) and serine proteases (uPA, plasmin). EMMPRIN is a membrane glycoprotein overexpressed in many cancer tissues and is known for its ability to stimulate MMP expression both in tumor and stromal cells. In this work, we showed that EMMPRIN also regulates the System of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and its receptor (uPAR) in stromal cells and in various tumor models, thus participating to the increase of the overall proteolytic function of the cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. We also showed that EMMPRIN induces the expression of VEGF in endothelial cells, and more specifîcally the expression of VEGF soluble isoforms and their receptor VEGF-R2. These isoforms specifîcally induced are involved in the processes of tubulogenesis and survival of endothelial cells. We also suggest that this VEGF upregulation by EMMPRIN could involve the transcription factor HIFI-a in normal conditions of oxygen pressure. All this work will validate the role of the glycoprotein EMMPRIN in the development of metastasis and tumor angiogenesis in breast cancer and contribute to target its optimal pharmacological inhibition for a future clinical application
Molino, Yves. "Mise en place de modèles in vitro de barrière hémato‐encéphalique et étude du transfert transendothélial de vecteurs et conjugués ciblant le récepteur au LDL." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM5076/document.
Full textThe blood-brain barrier (BBB) protects the central nervous system (CNS) from plasma fluctuations of endogenous, but also exogenous molecules, including therapeutic molecules. The BBB’s restrictive properties are compensated by the presence of different mechanisms that provide transport of nutrients across the BBB, including transcytosis of endogenous ligands mediated by receptors. Our objective is to improve drug delivery across the BBB and we developed “vectors” that target different recpetors. During our thesis we developed and optimized cellular tools and approaches, in particular syngeneic in vitro models of the BBB and blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) from both rat and mouse, based on the co-culture of brain (BMECs) or spinal cord (SCMECs) microvascular endothelial cells (MECs) and astrocytes. Among the receptors we studied, we show that the LDL receptor (LDLR) is expressed at the apical plasma membrane of BMECs and confirmed that it is involved in transcytosis of LDL through the vesicular compartment, while avoiding the lysosomal compartment, further establishing its interest as a target receptor. We show that our vectors conjugated to an organic molecule or to a protein cargo are endocytosed by BMECs in a LDLR-dependent manner, avoid the lysosomal compartment and cross the BMEC monolayers. Finally, we developed BBB and BSCB in vitro models in inflammatory conditions, considering that MECs inflammation is associated with many CNS lesions and pathologies. These models will be useful to better understand the inflammatory processes of CNS endothelial cells and to evaluate vectorization strategies preferentially targeting CNS structures in pathological condition
Geraldes, Pedro Miguel. "Récepteurs aux estrogènes : rôle sur la prolifération, la migration, les MAPKs et CD40/CD40L des cellules endothéliales et musculaires lisses porcines." Thèse, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/15380.
Full textSmaani, Ali. "Caractérisation des mécanismes responsables des effets variables du récepteur des lipoprotéines de faible densité sur l’intégrité des cellules endothéliales lymphatiques." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24508.
Full textThe lymphatic system plays a key role in the removal of cholesterol from the artery wall and lymphatic dysfunction is known to occur prior to the onset of atherosclerosis. This dysfunction is associated with reduced expression of the low-density-lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and is first independent of circulating cholesterol levels. It has been shown that mice lacking proprotein subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), a proprotein that degrades LDLR, have improved lymphatic function while mice lacking LDLR had a lymphatic dysfunction. We now aim to better understand the mechanisms by which the presence of PCSK9 in lymph or the modulation of LDLR on lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) affects lymphatic function. Incubation of LECs with PCSK9 and specific targeting of LDLR expression with silencing RNAs were used to further evaluate how PCSK9 or modulation of LDLR affect the metabolism and integrity of LECs. Our results demonstrate that PCSK9 does not induce the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and does not affect the expression of lymphatic markers. LDLR silencing RNA leads to a decrease of membrane-bound lymphatic endothelial cell markers. A decrease in LDLR expression also led to a decrease in the content of some intracellular lipids and particularly phospholipids, sphingolipids and triglycerides. These results suggest that loss of LDLR expression, but not circulating PCSK9, could lead to alterations in the lymphatic endothelium caused by loss of membrane integrity which could in turn affect lymph transport.