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Academic literature on the topic 'Récepteurs des oestrogènes – Dissertations universitaires'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Récepteurs des oestrogènes – Dissertations universitaires"
Alabed-Alibrahim, Eid. "Régulation de l’angiogenèse par le chlordécone : implication du stress oxydatif et de la mitochondrie." Thesis, Angers, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ANGE0053.
Full textEpidemiological studies report that exposure to pesticides like chlordecone increases risk of prostate cancer and tumorigenesis. We have reported recently that the pro-angiogenic effect of chlordecone involving NO release and VEGF production is mediated through activation of α isoform of the estrogen receptor (ERα). Since mitochondria and ROS have been implicated inthe process of angiogenesis, this study aims to determine the contribution of mitochondrial biogenesisand oxidative stress in chlordecone-induce dangiogenesis. Firstly, our results indicate that mitochondrial biogenesis is not essential for chlordecone angiogenic response. We also identified the molecular mechanism involved; chlordecone induces endothelial cells angiogenesis by a spatiotemporal regulation of ROS production involving NADPH oxidase then mitochondrial O2 -via a NO sensitive pathways through activation of ERα.These findings propose that a molecular mechanism may partly explain the epidemiological evidence implicating chlordecone as risk factor of prostatic cancer
Guivarc'h, Emmanuel. "Etude de la protection œstrogénique dans l’hypertension artérielle et le vieillissement chez la souris femelle." Thesis, Angers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ANGE0064.
Full textContext : estrogenic hormones have numerous beneficial effects in the cardiovascular and renal systems but the underlying mechanisms are extensively complex. Estrogen receptor ERα is described as the main effector of the positive actions of estrogens. This receptor acts in the cell using two different pathways. In the nucleus, ERα acts as a transcription factor with genomic effects, through its activating functions AF. At the membrane, it exerts non-genomic effects, called MISS. First Study : in a first study, we have explored the protective mechanism of ERα in hypertension, a main risk factor in cardiovascular diseases. Using genetically modified mice, we have been able to highlight the involvement of AF-2 genomic actions against angiotensin II-induced hypertension. On the other hand, ERα-dependant MISS was not involved in ERα protection. Confirming our hypothesis, we found that AF-2 stimulation with estetrol was sufficient to completely prevent hypertension, thus providing a possible therapeutic perspective. Second Study : in a second project, we have investigated the protective actions of ERα against aging-related cardiovascular and renal alterations. This work is still ongoing but we found that 16 months-old female mice presented no obvious vascular or renal dysfunctions. Those results are surprising considering past published data on the subject. Aging mice lacking ERα-/-did not exhibit any particular alterations either. However, we were able to find that estrogens and ERs were involved in the mitochondria biogenesis in a surprising manner. These results will be further investigated in the future. Conclusion : to conclude, this work has allowed a better understanding of the estrogens receptors actions in the cardiovascular and renal systems
Garcia, Aurélie. "Établissement de modèles cellulaires de cancer du sein et de l'ovaire permettant l'étude des effets des récepteurs des œstrogènes sur la proliférération et l'activation de gènes." Montpellier 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON1TA07.
Full textEstrogen Receptors a and β (ERa and ERβ), which are members of the nuclear receptors superfamily, impact on cell proliferation and difrrentiation genes expression in an opposite manner. Both transcription factors activity belong to a natural ligand, but also to many environmental molecules, efficient to bind and disrupt their mechanism. Breast and ovarian cancers can be hormono-dependant cancers. Therapies aimed at counteract ERa positive breast cancers progression are mainly based on its invalidation. Nowadays, two strategies are applied: estrogen production inhibition using aromatase inhibitors, and ERa activity inhibition by anti-estrogens. On the contrary, hormono-therapy is not proposed for ovarian cancer treatment, because of a de nova resistance which remains to be better understood. It also appears essential to improve our knowledge about breast cancer resistance acquisition mechanisms, in order to research new therapies. The aim of this work was first to precise estrogen actions on~ cell proliferati n and target genes activation. For that, we established estrogen-responsive bioluminescent breast and ovarian cancers models. These cell lines allowed us to determine effects of naturat synthetic and environmental selective ligands on natural and synthetic genes activation through ERa and ERβ. The other part of this study consisted in establishing other breast and ovarian bioluminescent cell lines, allowing us to study cell and tumor proliferation in vitro and in vivo. We also show these bioluminescent models relevance to investigate hormono-resistance acquirement mechanisms and new anti-tumoral treatments
El, Jabri Jamila. "Obtention d'anticorps monoclonaux anti-oestrogenes de haute affinite et leur utilisation pour la mise au point d'immunodosages non radioactifs." Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05S004.
Full textLucas, Hervé. "Etude des glycoprotéines pellucidaires fucosylées et de leurs récepteurs spermatiques." Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05CD12.
Full textDuroux, Romain. "Conception, synthèse et évaluation d'antagonistes des récepteurs A2A." Thesis, Lille 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL2S015/document.
Full textAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia in the aged population. So far, there is no way to halt or slow-down AD. Therefore, there is a constant need of developing novel therapeutic strategies.In recent years, adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) has attracted a growing interest since it has been proved that this receptor is over-expressed during AD. Also, epidemiological studies showed that people consuming regularly caffeine-based beverages over a lifetime are substantially less likely to develop this disease. Indeed, A2AR antagonists improve memory performance as it reduces β-amyloid deposits and Tau-phosphorylation.Though several antagonists have been developed for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, current research efforts are focus on developing new antagonists with relevant ADME properties and a better efficacy. Based on a molecular modeling-guided design, we synthesised new A2AR antagonists with benzoxazole and quinazoline as central scaffold. Three molecules were selected and will be subject to evaluation on animal’s model
Mechiche, Hakima. "Récepteurs des neurokinines et des leucotriènes sur les muscles lisses vasculaires et bronchiques humains : expression et fonction." Reims, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REIMM207.
Full textFew studies have been devoted to the expression, localization and function of the receptor subtypes involved in the effects of leukotrienes and neurokinins on systemic vascular tissues. With respect to neurokinins, this work demonstrates for the first time the expression of NK1- and NK2-receptors on the smooth muscle of human saphenous veins and the contractile effect of NKA through NK2-receptor activation. In addition, NK1-receptors have been also localized on the endothelium of this vessel type. On human pulmonary vessels, we have only found the expression of NK1-receptors on the endothelium. These endothelial NK1-receptors are involved in substance P-induced relaxation through the release of nitric oxide and prostaglandins. On this two types of human vascular tissues, the functional responses are characterized by the rapid onset of tachyphylaxis. With respect to leukotrienes, both CysLT1- and CysLT2-receptors are expressed by saphenous veins whereas only CysLT1-receptors are expressed by human bronchus. On both tissues, only CysLT1-receptors are involved in the contractile response. The small human bronchi (internal diameter > 1mm) are about 30-fold more sensitive to the leukotriene contractile effects than the large human bronchi. As a whole, these results suggest the potential therapeutic interest of neurokinin and leukotriene antagonists in vascular diseases
Moas, Heloire Valeria. "Conception, synthèse et évaluation de nouveaux ligands antagonistes de récepteurs A2a." Thesis, Lille 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL2S007/document.
Full textAdenosine is a ubiquitous neuromodulator able to regulate many physiological processes and plays an important neuroprotective role in the central nervous system. Its effects are transmitted by four distinct G protein receptor subtypes designated A1, A2a, A2b, and A3. A2a receptors (A2aR) show a restricted distribution, being characteristic of the dopamine enriched areas, the highest concentration being in the caudate-putamen in brain, where it has an important role in neuronal signaling with this region and potential involvement in neurologic disease of extrapyramidal origin.A2a antagonism was shown to be a promising pharmacological target for neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer disease (AD). Currently, only three compounds are still in clinical phase for PD treatment. Even if they show good affinities for the receptor, there is still a need for improving their ADME properties by keeping their selectivity towards other adenosine receptors.At the beginning of this project, a Tic-hydantoin derivative was identified as a new ligand with a good affinity for the A2a receptor. Based on the recently published crystalline structure of the A2A receptor complexed with the selective and high-affinity antagonist ZM241385 and a pharmacophoric model, we identified the missing features needed for a good affinity in our molecule. We designed and evaluated in silico many pharmacomodulations around the heterocyclic ring and Tic-guanidin substructure was proposed to present favorable hydrogen bound with Asn253 of the A2a binding site. This structure was obtained after optimization of a new synthetic pathway. Moreover, 1700 molecules were originally designed and evaluated in silico. Among potential interesting families, two of them, quinolizidinones and amino-imidazopyridines were synthesized and evaluated in vitro toward their affinity for A2a receptor and their cytotoxicity towards neuronal cells
Damaj-Kaafarany, Itidal. "Etude du rôle de l'adrénomédulline dans l'angiogenèse tumorale via ses récepteurs CRLR/RAMP2, CRLR/RAMP3." Aix-Marseille 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX20654.
Full textBertin, Benjamin. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle d'un récepteur nucléaire de la famille FTZ-F1 (Fushi Tarazu-Factor 1) chez le parasite trématode schistosoma mansoni." Lille 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2005LIL2S047.
Full textSchistosomiasis is a major public health problem afflicting 200 million people with 600 million exposed to infection, and represents the second most important worldwide parasitic disease after malaria. In the absence of an effective vaccine and with only one drug effective against all schistosome species, there is a clear need for novel treatments. A rational approach to this problem is to characterize schistosome proteins that are potentially strongly involved in parasitic development and differentiation and are thus chemotherapeutic targets. One such family of proteins is represented by the nuclear hormone receptors (NRs). Nuclear receptors constitute a superfamily of ligand-dependent transcription factors which regulate a wide array of physiological and vital processes in the metazoa, including growth, development, sexual differentiation and metabolism. Six members of this superfamily have been isolated in schistosomes. The aim of this work was to investigate the functional properties of one of them, SmFtz-F1 (Schistosoma mansoni Fushi Tarazu-Factor 1). The Ftz-F1 subfamily contains orphan receptors that bind to their response element as monomers. The functional characterization of SmFtz-F1 has shown some conserved functions, but has especially revealed original functional properties that could be specific for this schistosome receptor. Indeed, the 3D modelling of the E domain suggests that SmFtz-F1 could be a ligand-dependant nuclear receptor. Moreover, we have observed, for the first time, an original and specific interaction between SmFtz-F1 and a schistosome RXR homologue, SmRXR1 (S. Mansoni Retinoid X Receptor). Overall, the characterization of specific parasite signaling pathways, first, allows the comprehension of the molecular mechanisms involved in the evolution of animal developement and, second, represents a key step in the search for new strategies to control schistosomiasis