Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Récepteurs GABA-A – Effets des médicaments'
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Mette-Litique, Carole. "Structural and functional analysis of SHP : A powerful regulator of nuclear hormone receptors." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2006/METTE-LITIQUE_Carole_2006.pdf.
Full textSHP (Small Heterodimer Partner (NR0B2)), a particular member of the mammalian nuclear hormone receptor family which lacks the DNA binding domain, directly modulates the activities of a number of bona fide nuclear receptors by acting as an inducible transcriptional co-repressor. Past efforts at dissecting underlying molecular mechanisms, and at identifying the target factors and target genes, uncovered the regulatory involvement of SHP in diverse metabolic functions such as the catabolism of cholesterol and prompted further clarification on this emerging pathway for drug target discovery. In the first part of this thesis, we report on an extensive series of prokaryotic as well as eukaryotic SHP over expression experiments. In most of the expression systems explored, SHP stayed well expressed but insoluble, compacted to 90% in inclusion bodies. As a consequence the structural analysis of SHP could not be performed. In order to further analyze the function of this non conventional nuclear hormone receptor, we performed in the second section of the thesis a molecular analysis of the interaction between SHP and other nuclear hormone receptors by transrepresion assay. Morevover we report on a Yeast-Two- Hybrid Screen performed with SHP as a bait and the identification and following characterization of a new partner of SHP, the RAR-related Orphan receptor (ROR). To further understand the role of SHP in vivo, we characterized by DNA microarrays the expression profiles genome wide from SHP null mice and wild type livers. These analyses enabled us to decipher known and novel SHP target genes involved in the lipid homeostasis, the apoptosis and the embryonic development. The study opens new perspectives to establish the SHP pathway as potential therapeutic target for the metabolic syndrome
Zheng, Thomas Wen-Juan. "Neurophysiological and pharmacological study of carbamazepine on physiological and pathological GABAergic-dependent thalamocortical oscillations." Strasbourg, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010STRA6131.
Full textCBZ is a widely prescribed anticonvulsant used for the treatment of focal epilepsy and psychiatric disorders. However it is also known for its broad spectrum of action on several molecular targets contributing to common and severe side effects. CBZ directly interacts with GABAA receptors, which play a critical role in the generation of physiological and pathological TC/CT oscillations. My thesis work provides strong evidence that CBZ affects the firing and oscillation properties of thalamic neurons, at least in the somatosensory system, through enhancement of GABAA receptor-mediated activities, the likely mechanisms that underlie the aggravation of absence seizures. The work presented in this thesis also provides several important leads to mechanisms underlying the initiation and propagation of absence-related SWDs. The present findings demonstrate the presence of precursor cellular and network rhythmic activities in S2 and IC during the generation of absence-related SWDs. Therefore it is tempting to put forward the assumption that S2 and IC cortical areas contain a critical circuit from which excitation spreads to interconnected S1, motor and more frontal cortical areas. This spreading caudo-rostral excitation might be a key neuronal mechanism in the initiation of absence seizures. To all appearances CBZ is effective in suppressing absence-related SWDs
Pin, Jean-Philippe. "Interaction glutamate/GABA : mécanismes et pharmacologie de la libération de GABA des neurones de striatum en culture primaire : effets des acides aminés excitateurs." Montpellier 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON20211.
Full textPicard, Nathalie. "Effet de l'exposition in utero au diazépam sur la fonction respiratoire et la réponse à l'hypoxie du rat nouveau-né : impact sur les systémes GABAergiques et adénosinergiques." Amiens, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AMIED013.
Full textDiazepam (DZP) is a therapeutic benzodiazepine which acts at GABAA receptor to enhance the inhibitory action of endogenous GABA on neuronal function and may be prescribed to pregnant women. Neonatal behavior is altered by prenatal exposure to DZP. The purpose of the present work was to assess the consequences of prenatal DZP on breathing function and to analyze the mechanisms involved in newborn rats (P0-P2). In vivo plethysmographic recordings on unrestrained newborns showed that prenatal DZP altered the eupneic breathing pattern by reducing respiratory frequency and increasing tidal volume. Moreover, prenatal DZP enhanced the drop of tidal volume induced by sustained alveolar hypoxia. In vitro, prenatal DZP induced an acceleration of the rhythmic bursts generated by the central respiratory drive in isolated preparations. It attenuated the depressant effects of tissue hypoxia on this drive. Real time PCR and pharmacological analysis indicated that prenatal DZP may induce a down-regulation of the genes encoding for the α1 and α2 subunits of GABAA receptors or an attenuation of their response to the acute application of DZP, depending of the region studied. Furthermore, the levels of expression of genes encoding for A1 et A2A adenosine receptors, together with their response to specific agonists were altered by prenatal DZP. Finally, preliminary HPLC data suggested that glutamate and GABA biosynthesis may be deregulated in the pons and the medulla. In conclusion, prenatal diazepam affects the development of neurotransmitter and neuromodulator systems which are crucial for breathing control and its long-term consequences deserve further studies in mature animals
Giraudo, Maeva. "Response of a lepidopteran pest to xenobiotics : exploring transduction pathways by a transcriptomic approach." Nice, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NICE4023.
Full textHerbivorous insects have developed detoxification mechanisms to metabolically inactivate the plant toxins that they ingest, mainly based on cytochrome P450 expression. P450s are induced by and metabolize xenobiotics, and for vertebrates, the nuclear receptors that control P450s induction are well understood. We have shown in Drosophila that only small subsets of P450s are inducible by xenobiotics and that the specific CYP6A2 showed pattern of induction similar to that of mammalian CYP2 genes that are induced by PXR/CAR nuclear receptors. In the polyphagous pest Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) we studied gene expression by a transcriptomic analysis of and found that the patterns of differentially transcribed genes in the midgut and in the derived Sf9 cells of this insect were specific to each chemical tested, suggesting multiple, partially overlapping transduction mechanisms. QRT-PCR analysis showed that the plant toxins were the strongest inducers of a small number of P450s in vivo, with moderate effects in vitro. Specific focus on the effects of two hormone mimics, methoxyfenozide and methoprene, in Sf9 cells showed that they both induced cell cycle arrest. We have cloned SfHR96, a nuclear receptor ortholog of the vertebrate xenosensors CAR and PXR. We found that this receptor is not inducible by xenobiotics and is expressed constitutively in all tissues and developmental stages. Strategies to demonstrate the function of SfHR96 by inactivation in vitro by RNAi and in vivo with dominant negative mutants in transgenic silkworms have been initiated. We hypothesize that SfHR96 dimerizes with ultraspiracle (USP), the insect ortholog of vertebrate RXR
Kamoun, Nisrine. "Bénéfice thérapeutique d'un traitement par l'étifoxine (stresam™) dans les neuropathies accompagnées de comorbidités anxiodépressives : étude préclinique chez la souris." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAJ102/document.
Full textNeuropathic pain is associated with significant co-morbidity, including anxiety and depression, which impact considerably on the overall patient experience. Several lines of evidence suggest that anxiolytics may be of interest to alleviate pain symptoms and the associated negative emotions in chronic pain states. Among them, the non-benzodiazepine anxiolytic etifoxine (EFX: stresam™) has an interesting pharmacological profile. In patients, it has a weak sedative action, with limited functional tolerance and dependence, and without cognitive declines. In this study, we aim at analyzing the preclinical therapeutic potential of etifoxine on the anxiodepressive consequences of neuropathic pain
Roux, Sébastien. "Autisme et cervelet : le gradient des ions chlorures en question." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAJ030/document.
Full textThe aims of my PhD were to characterize the development of the chloride gradient in Purkinje cells in a model of autism: mice prenatally exposed to sodium valproate. To this end, I measured GABAergic currents along the post-natal development of these mice and made histological observations of the Purkinje cells linear density. Secondly, I took part of a behavioral study to test the influence of a compound acting on the chloride gradient in two genetic models of autism: Oprm1-/- and Fmr1-/- mice. During my thesis I showed a delay in the development of the chloride gradient. I also observed that a prenatal exposition of sodium valproate induced a post-natal Purkinje cells loss. Finally, the compound I worked with improves the autistic phenotype and opens the perspective for translational potential
Bourdy, Romain. "Implications fonctionnelles de la tVTA dans le contrôle des systèmes dopaminergiques mésencéphaliques." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAJ021/document.
Full textThe tail of the ventral tegmenta area (tVTA) is a GABAergic brain region located behind the VTA. It projects massively to dopaminergic neurons in mesencephalic A9 and A10 groups leading to nigrostriatal and mesolimbic systems that play a role in fonctions like motricity and drug-related behaviours. The objective of my thesis is to study the tVTA role through its projections to these systems. For that, we used various approaches including immunohistochemistry, in vivo pharmacology, in vivo electrophysiology, and motor behaviour. Between various drugs belonging to different classes, molecular activation of the tVTA by FosB/ΔFosB induction is only observed following psychostimulant treatment and is mediated by dopamine. From a physiological point of view, the tVTA exerts an inhibitory tone onto VTA dopamine neurons and plays a crucial role in morphine-induced desinhibition. Finally, tVTA lesions modulate nigrostriatal system mediated behaviour like amphetamine-induced rotational behaviour, motor coordination and motor skill learning
Zein, Naïmah. "“CpdX”, a non-steroidal Selective Glucocorticoid Receptor Agonistic Modulator (SEGRAM) selectively triggers the beneficial anti-inflammatory activity of glucocorticoids, but not their long-term debilitating effects." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAJ088.
Full textUpon binding of natural or synthetic glucocorticoids (GCs) (e.g. Dexamethasone) to their glucocorticoid receptor (GR), GCs regulate the expression of target genes either by (i) direct transactivation through direct binding to “(+)GRE” DNA binding sites (DBS), (ii) direct transrepression through binding to “IR nGRE” DBSs or (iii) tethered indirect transrepression mediated through interaction with transactivators, such as NFkB, AP1, or STAT3 bound to their cognate DBSs. The beneficial anti-inflammatory effects of GCs have been generally ascribed to tethered transrepression, whereas many of their long-term undesirable side-effects could be due to transactivation and/or direct transrepression. Our laboratory recently reported that a non-steroidal compound, named CpdX, selectively lacks both direct transactivation and direct transrepression functions, while still exerting an indirect transrepression activity. The goal of our project was to characterize CpdX and some of its derivatives as effective anti-inflammatory drugs similar to glucocorticoids, but lacking their main deleterious side-effects, e.g. osteoporosis, skin atrophy and metabolic disorders. To this end, we have used experimental mouse model for skin disorders (atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, and psoriasis), asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis and allergic conjunctivitis, combined with immunology, molecular and cellular biology. My thesis studies have demonstrated that in mouse models, CpdX and its derivatives exhibit anti-inflammatory activities, which are similar to those of glucocorticoids (Part I). Importantly, we further show that CpdX and its derivatives do not exhibit the long-term debilitating side-effects of glucocorticoids (Part II). Thereby paving the way to a new era in the long-term therapy of major inflammatory diseases
Liet, Christophe. "Etude des effets résiduels attentionnels et exécutifs du zolpidem chez le rat." Caen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CAEN3008.
Full textUse of zolpidem, a hypnotic substance used to induce and maintain sleep, is growing in France. Increasingly however, epidemiological and experimental data link zolpidem to the risk of traffic accidents and/or falls in the elderly, making it a problem for public health. These disruptions in mobility could be related to the residual effects of zolpidem on attentional and executive processes. Our work, conducted in rats, compliments the data available for humans by specifying the nature of residual attentional effects following acute zolpidem administration. We identified residual effects on selective attention, sustained attention and attentional flexibility but also processing speed. The sub-chronic administration (7 days) of zolpidem suppressed these residual effects and did not induce any change in the density of GABAA receptors of specific areas involved in these processes. Finally, chronic administration of zolpidem (3 months) did not induce attention, executive or memory deficits, nor anatomical changes in the frontal cortex and hippocampus. These results suggest that the acute zolpidem treatment and the period of initiation of chronic intake constitute a critical period during which there is a higher risk of developing residual effects. In the future, the benefits of zolpidem must be weighed against these residual effects, and patients should be counseled to exercise proper care when driving. Additionally, administration of zolpidem to elderly patients, in which the consequences of a fall can be devastating, should be considered carefully
Lamthari, Rhita. "Caractérisation des effets de l'octadécaneuropeptide dans l'ischémie cérébrale chez la souris." Rouen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ROUES025.
Full textStroke remains a devastating brain pathology because there is no efficient therapy to either minimize neuronal cell death with neuroprotective drugs or to enhance spontaneous recovery with neurorepair drugs. Diazepam-binding inhibitor and its derivative peptides belong to the family of endozepines, regarded as the endogenous ligands of benzodiazepine receptors. One of them, the octadecaneuropeptide (ODN, DBI33-50) is known as an allosteric modulator of the GABAA receptor. This peptide, primarily synthetized by astrocytes, is also an agonist of a still unknown metabotropic receptor by which ODN exerts a potent protection of neurons and astrocytes undergoing a lethal oxidative stress. On this basis, our hypothesis was that ODN protects the brain during experimental stroke in mice. Contrary to the expected results, ODN turned to be deleterious. Seeking for the reasons of such aggravating effect, we demonstrated that ODN induced a pro-excitatory effect in the cerebral cortex and exacerbated the hyperexcitation characterizing the acute phase of ischemia, suggesting a negative allosteric modulation of the GABAA receptor. An emerging concept in neuro-repair is that drugs with such an effect on GABAA receptor are not toxic when administrated after the acute phase of stroke, and can efficiently promote synaptic plasticity and increase functional recovery. Indeed, a daily treatment with ODN for 4 weeks and starting after the acute phase of stroke (i. E. 3 days after stroke), progressively improved sensori-motor skills of hemiplegic mice. All together, these data should contribute to a better understanding of endozepine involvement in stroke and to the design of new molecular tools for the treatment of stroke
Anglade, Françoise. "Effets d'agents cholinergiques et de ligands des récepteurs des benzodiazépines sur les processus mnésiques évalués dans trois tests comportementaux chez le rat." Paris 13, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA131025.
Full textThe role of acetylcholine in mnesie processus has been demonstrated using numerous animal models. A large number of studies on benzodiazepine receptor ligands has also been carried out in this fiel, particularly in clinical research. Our present study has two aims : to refine three behavioral tests for assessing acquisition and retention processes in t and their pharmacological validation with molecules acting on the cholinergie system or benzodiazepine receptor. Behavioral approach : three behavioral tests were chosen, wich offer the possibility to assess different types of memory the passive avoidance test. This is widely used in pharmacology for the screening of mew molecules; it is a reference te for the study of memory in the rat. The procedure consists in avoiding an aversive event (electric foot-shock), which th received 24 hours earlier. The morris water-maze : designed in 1981 and automated in 1984, this alows the orientation abilities of the rat to be assessed together with the learning and memory processes. The procedure consists in the rat swimming to a fixed hidden o platform, located in a pool, during several trials. The development of a specialized computerized program, has made it p display in detail the spatial organisation of the movement and to provide synthetic trajectories for groups of rats subj various pharmacological treatments. To our knowledge, this methodology is new in the analysis of the water-maze procedur the ades olfactory test. This is based on the memorisation of information. This test was originally designed to study th identification and memorisation of the odour of synthetic compounds, the animal being motivated by a food reinforcement to approach the olfactory stimulus. To meet our aims, we developed a new version of this test, based on the identificati biological olfactory stimulus (congenic urine) and avoiding any reinforcement. Pharmacological approach : cholinergic agents (physostigmine and scopolamine) and benzodiazepine receptor ligand
Le, Foll Frank. "Etude électrophysiologique du contrôle GABAergique de la cellule mélanotrope : effets du GABA sur l'activité bioélectrique et modulation du récepteur GABA(A) par les stéroïdes." Rouen, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ROUES077.
Full textDo, Rego Marie Jean Luc. "Contribution à l'étude des mécanismes de régulation de la biosynthèse des neurostéroïdes : effets des endozépines et du GABA." Rouen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ROUES047.
Full textKauntz, Henriette. "Cellular and molecular targets of silibinin, a natural flavonoid, in colorectal cancer prevention and therapy." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAJ052/document.
Full textColorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cause for cancer-related deaths in Europe and in the USA. Because of the limited efficacy and considerable toxicity of chemotherapeutic agents, new approaches are needed. The hepatoprotective flavonolignan silibinin is the major biologically active compound of the milk thistle (Silybum marianum).The molecular mechanisms of the anticancer properties of silibinin in CRC were studied in an in vitro model of cancer progression consisting of the adenocarcinoma cell line SW480 and its derived metastatic cell line SW620. Its chemopreventive effects were assessed in an in vivo model of azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogenesis in the rat. Silibinin induced apoptotic cell death with activation of caspase-3 in both cell lines. The expression of death receptors was upregulated, and caspase-8 was activated. The potential of the mitochondrial membrane was perturbed permitting the release of cytochrome c and the activation of caspase-9. Besides the activation of the extrinsic and the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, silibinin induced an autophagic response. Combination of silibinin and TRAIL, a promising anticancer agent selectively inducing apoptosis in cancer cells, induced synergistic cell death in both cell lines. Synergy in cell death induction was also observed by the combination of silibinin and the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors TSA and SAHA. In the preclinical model in the rat, silibinin administration was able to reduce by half the number of preneoplastic lesions present in the colon. In conclusion, silibinin is a promising natural agent for colon cancer chemoprevention and for combination therapy with TRAIL/HDAC inhibitors
Coulombe, Marie-andree. "Implication du sexe, des hormones gonadiques et de leurs métabolites dans la réponse nociceptive et la perception de la douleur." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAJ099/document.
Full textSeveral biological, psychological, and cultural differences can explain the difference in pain perception between men and women. It is known that gonadal hormones influence the nociceptive response in animals and humans. The brain also has the ability to synthesize its own "sex hormones", also named neurosteroids. The aims of this thesis were: 1) to assess the physiological and psychological factors influencing the difference in pain perception between men and women, 2) to relate the levels of androgens and cortisol with clinical symptoms and pain perception in healthy volunteers and patients with fibromyalgia, and 3) to evaluate the involvement of gonadal hormones and of their 3α5α-reduced metabolites in the transmission of pain and the effectiveness of descending pain modulation systems (DPMS) in males and females using behavioral pain model in rats and mice
Sanchez, Brualla Irene. "The potassium-chloride cotransporter KCC2 : a new therapeutic target for spasticity and neuropathic pain." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0677.
Full textSpasticity and neuropathic pain are two symptoms that arise frequently after a spinal cord injury. Spasticity is defined as an increase of the muscle tone contributing to cramps, whereas neuropathic pain consists of painful responses caused by a damaged nervous system. Both symptoms arise, in part, due to a loss of inhibition in the sublesional neural networks, linked to a downregulation of the expression of potassium-chloride cotransporter type 2 (KCC2). For inhibition to be efficient, the action of this protein, which extrudes chloride ions from neurons, is needed.The objective of this thesis is, therefore, to identify drugs capable of activating KCC2 to recover inhibition with the objective of treating spasticity and neuropathic pain.First, our results have proven that the activation of serotonin receptors 5-HT2A with TCB-2 restores KCC2 expression in the dorsal horn after a spinal cord or peripheral nerve injury. However, TCB-2 reduces neuropathic pain after a spinal cord injury exclusively.In the next stage of the work, we have identified prochlorperazine as an enhancer of KCC2 activity. Prochlorperazine is efficient against spasticity, although it only showed a modest reduction of mechanical hyperalgesia in animals with a spinal cord injury.Lastly, we have proven that KCC2 downregulation and motoneuron hyperexcitability after a spinal cord injury depend on the overactivation of calpains.This thesis validates KCC2 as a druggable target to treat spasticity and neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury