Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Récepteurs mu-opioïdes'
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Khallouk, Rachida. "Etudes fonctionnelles des adaptations induites par la stimulation chronique des récepteurs opioïdes de type mu et delta." Rouen, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ROUES015.
Full textAndré, Aurore. "Etude de l'influence de l'environnement lipidique sur la fonctionnalité et l'organisation membranaire des récepteurs mu et delta aux opioïdes." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/542/.
Full textNumerous evidences show the existence of lateral heterogeneities within the plasma membranes defined as lipid domains. Among these, lipid rafts, have been extensively studied. They are characterised by an enrichment in cholesterol and sphingolipids, and are depicted as fluid plaforms that segregate membrane components involved in a particular signaling process, like signal transduction of GPCR, promoting the specificity and the efficiency of the response. Here we study the role of the lipidic environment on the activity of two GPCRs, namely human mu and delta opioid receptors (hMOR and hDOR). Cholesterol, which is a main component implicated in the formation of rafts, was here the subject of a particular interest. Membranes fractions that were enriched in cholesterol (DRM) were analysed after cold extraction by TX-100 of cellular membranes. The data we obtained show that hMOR and hDOR are found in DRM at a basal state. In contrast, when activated by an agonist, a relocalisation of a fraction of these receptors is observed in DRM and we show that this phenomenon is dependant of the association of these receptors with G-proteins. The analysis of pharmacological properties of hDOR and hMOR upon cholesterol depletion show clearly that some pool of receptors need cholesterol for function. To complete these data, we next examined whether this effect was due to direct interactions of the receptors with cholesterol or membrane thickness. To test this assumption, we have investigate the effect of ergosterol on hMOR and hDOR pharmacology and the acyl-chain length of the phospholipids on the function of the reconstituted hDOR
Ugur, Müzeyyen. "Opioïdes, nourriture palatable et exercice." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAJ061.
Full textIn the thesis, we studied the functional cross-talk between mu and delta opioid receptors in rewarding conditions elicited by natural stimuli such as palatable food and/or exercise or by drugs of abuse such as morphine. Using mu-mCherry/delta-eGFP double knock-in mice, we showed that mu-delta heteromerization alters mu opioid receptor signaling and trafficking in response to the endogenous opioid peptide met-enkephalin, but not β-endorphin, in primary hippocampal cultures and in vivo. We also showed that chronic morphine administration extended mu-delta neuronal co-expression throughout the brain which persisted after 4 weeks abstinence, pointing to morphine-induced long- lasting changes. In the second part of the thesis, neuroanatomical connections of the subfornical area of the lateral hypothalamus (LHsf) were mapped in mice and examined the activation of mu and delta receptors in this region following fasting and refeeding in HF diet and chow diet. Within the LHsf, which was reciprocally connected to many hypothalamic and reward related brain areas, fasting internalized delta receptors irrespective to the diet regimen whereas refeeding differentially activated mu and receptors in chow-fed and HFD-fed animals. Finally, opioid system related gene expression was measured in the long-term fc-HFHS fed and voluntary wheel running rats, which only revealed an interaction effect for delta opioid receptor expression in the LH
Boulos, Laura-Joy. "Mu opioid receptors in the habenula : dissecting reward and aversion in addiction." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAJ123/document.
Full textMu opioid receptors (MORs) have been extensively studied for their addictive properties that are thought to operate through the control of reward processes. While the importance of MORs in reward is generally attributed to their presence in the mesocorticolimbic circuitry, their role in the medial habenula (MHb), the structure in which MORs are most densely expressed, remains unexplored to date. This is quite surprising given the increasing literature on the habenula’s role in addiction as well as reward/aversion processes. Here we generated a conditional knockout mouse model that lacks MORs solely in the MH band we investigated the contribution of habenular MORs in brain functions and behavioural out comes with emphasis on reward, aversion and cognition. While the performance of our mutant model did not differ in locomotor, analgesic and reward responses to morphine norincognitive tasks compared to control mice, we uncovered a novel role for MORs in aversive states.This is the first report demonstrating that MORs control both somatic and affective aversion specifically at the level of the MHb. Habenular MORs could thus be crucial to the aversive with drawal stage of addiction cycles that is thought to increase craving and prevent success in quitting
Gobeil, Simard Alexis. "Étude de l'implication des enképhalines et des récepteurs mu opioïdes dans la sensibilisation au sel au sein du système de récompense." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28927/28927.pdf.
Full textBarataud, Aude. "Rôle de la néoglucogenèse intestinale et des récepteurs mu-opioïdes dans les effets bénéfiques du by-pass gastrique chez la souris." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10276/document.
Full textRoux-en-Y gastric bypass procedure (GBP) is an obesity surgery that induces dramatic glucose homeostasis improvements independently of weight loss. A proposed mechanism to explain these glucose homeostasis improvements is an increase in intestinal glucose production (IGP) that induces beneficial effects on metabolism (satiety, improved liver insulin sensitivity). This increase in IGP is found in mice that have undergone a simplified GBP and is also responsible for the beneficial effects of protein-enriched diets through the inhibition of mu-opioid receptors (MOR) by alimentary peptides. We therefore hypothesized that the beneficial effects of GBP could depend on MOR inhibition by dietary proteins and we also tested the causal role of IGP in these metabolic improvements. For this purpose, we performed a duodenal-jejunal bypass surgery (DJB), ie GBP without gastric restriction, in wild-type mice (WT), in mice lacking MOR gene (MOR-/-) and in mice lacking IGP (IG6pc-/-). In obese mice, DJB induced a rapid and substantial weight loss (-30%), partly explained by fat malabsorption, and weight loss-dependent improvements of glucose homeostasis. In contrast, in the non-obese mice, DJB did not induce weight loss nor malabsorption but improved glucose tolerance. Effects were similar in WT, MOR-/- and I-G6pc-/- mice showing that mu-opioid receptors and IGP did not appear to have a causal role in glucose and energy metabolism improvements after DJB
Sauliere, Aude. "Etapes membranaires de la transduction du signal par les récepteurs couplés aux protéines G : organisation dynamique du récepteur mu aux opioïdes humain à la surface de neuroblastomes." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00192796.
Full textSaulière, Aude. "Etapes membranaires de la transduction du signal par les récepteurs couplés aux protéines G : organisation dynamique du récepteur mu aux opioïdes humain à la surface de neuroblastomes." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU30121.
Full textWe address the question of the existence of a specific membrane organization which could favor the interactions between the G protein coupled receptor (GPCR), the G protein and the effector. Here we examine the lateral diffusion of the human mu opioid receptor (hMOR) in regard to its activation by ligands and to membrane environment modifications. The T7-EGFP-hMOR stably expressed in SH-SY5Y is found to be fully functional. Its mobility analysis was achieved using two complementary biophysical approaches which are vrFRAP (variable radii fluorescence recovery after photobleaching) and SPT (single particle tracking). At 22°C these analyses reveal a double compartimentation of the receptors in permeable domains (about 1 µm radius) and in smaller domains (200 nm radius). Moreover receptors exhibiting a directed diffusion are observed. The temperature was modulated, the actin cytoskeleton was partially destroyed, and the G protein/receptor interaction was impeded to determine the sources of the receptor organisation. It appears that many parameters are playing a part in the complex receptor organisation. Our results show that the interactions of hMOR with G proteins or with the cortical cytoskeleton influence its membrane organisation. Antagonists binding don't modify the receptor organisation in permeable sub-micrometer size domains. On the contrary agonists binding induce a decrease of both the domain size and the diffusion coefficient. Our results highlight the influence of numerous parameters on the hMOR dynamic organisation. They demonstrate the interest of a conjoint use of vrFRAP and SPT approaches to obtain a global vision of a protein plasma membrane organisation
Ding, Zhong. "Activities of neuropeptide FF receptors : in vitro anti-opioid and in vivo anti-depressant effects." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30145/document.
Full textNeuropeptide FF (FLFQPQRFa, NPFF) is considered as a potent opioid-modulating peptide. It exhibits the opioid-modulation effect by activating two G protein-coupled receptors, NPFF1 and NPFF2. Several observations suggest that the anti-opioid effect of NPFF is more likely mediated by a cross-talk between NPFF and opioid receptors in the same neuron rather than an indirect effect due to a neuronal circuitry. Nevertheless, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying the cross-talk between both receptors remain need to be investigated. This work is composed of two main parts : 1) Neuropeptide FF receptors and the molecular mechanisms of their anti-opioid effect. We tested both direct and anti-opioid activities of NPFF receptors on Ca2+ transient induced by depolarization in mouse dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) neurons. The NPFF receptor preferentially coupled with Gi/o proteins, which induced the direct activity. Different threshold to observe the direct and anti-opioid effect of NPFF suggested that the specific anti-opioid activity of NPFF receptors was not a direct consequence of their activity on Ca2+ transients. Furthermore, we studied the molecular mechanisms underlying the cross-talk between NPFF and NOP (Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ, N/OFQ) receptors in mouse DRN neurons and SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Data from Ca2+ imaging, [35S]GTPyS binding assay and western blot indicated that cholesterol-rich lipid rafts, which acted as a "platform", were involved in NPFF anti-N/OFQ effect, and the siRNA interference data showed that GRK2 protein mediated this process. 2) The potential role of Neuropeptide FF in anti-depressant response. In order to test the potential role of Neuropeptide FF in anti-depression, the NPFF analogue 1DMe was locally injected into mouse DRN. We observed a decrease of immobility time and an increase of grooming time, in tail suspension test and splash test, respectively, after 1DMe treatment. RF9, the specific antagonist of NPFF receptors, reversed the anti-depression effect of 1DMe. Referencing the strong anti-depression effect of NOP receptor antagonists after DRN injection and the cellular anti-N/OFQ activity of NPFF receptors in this nucleus, the hypothesis that the anti-depression effect of NPFF may due to its cellular anti-N/OFQ activity is interesting to be further verified
Quentin, Thomas. "Etude des effets d'un traitement associé de benzodiazépine (clorazépate) à un traitement de substitution aux opiacés (buprénorphine) sur les récepteurs centraux opioïdes de types mu, delta et kappa chez le rat." Caen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CAEN2008.
Full textBuprenorphine (BPN), a substitution therapy for heroin addicts, is largely abused and misused specially in association with benzodiazépines (BZDs). With the aim to explain this craving, we investigated the regulation of opioid receptors subtypes µ, δ and κ induced by dipotassium clorazepate (CRZ) alone or in combination with BPN. Wistars rats were injected acutely (once a day) or chronically (21 days) with CRZ (i. P. ; 20 mg/kg) alone or in combination with BPN (s. C. ; 0,15 mg/kg). Using a β-imager, we investigated the binding parameters (Bmax and Kd) of three specific tritiated radioligands on rat brain sections. Our results showed that a) CRZ acts on density of opioid receptors and/or affinity of specific ligands b) the down- and/or up-regulation induced by BPN and the opioid ligands affinity were quantitatively modified when CRZ was added to BPN c) effects on opioid receptors were region dependent. Opioid receptors structures are implicated in different hedonic behaviors and their regulation modified by a BZD could explain the abuse of BPN-BZD association
Daumas, Frédéric. "Diffusion latérale du récepteur ư aux opioi͏̈des analysée par suivi de particule unique à la surface de cellules vivantes : relation organisation dynamique-fonction." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30180.
Full textG protein coupled receptors are involved with other partners in a signal transduction pathway whose mechanism is still not completely understood. We used single particle tracking to study the real time lateral movements of the æ opioid receptor on the surface of fibroblast cells stably transfected by a T7-tagged æ opioid receptor. Two populations could be distinguished : 10% of the receptors exhibit a directed diffusion mode and 90% have a "walking confined diffusion" mode combining a short term confined diffusion with a long term random walk. .
Daccache, Georges. "Hyperalgésie induite par les opioïdes : intérêt du monitorage du tonus parasympathique chez l'homme et étude des mécanismes moléculaires de désensibilisation et de tolérance in vitro et chez la souris." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC410/document.
Full textThe use of opioids is associated with tolerance and induced hyperalgesia (OIH). Tolerance and OIH occur with all opioids and have been demonstrated both, in animals and in humans and are likely to be dose-dependent. The underlying mechanisms are complex and partially known. Remifentanil and sufentanil are the most used opioids in France in anesthesia and intensive care. Their use is associated with OIH that increases postoperative pain and may be responsible for persistent pain. In anesthetized patients, nociceptive stimuli are still detected according to clinical signs of sympathetic activation. These signs lack sensitivity and specificity and lead to underdosing or overdosing opioids. Recently, the analgesia nociception index (ANI), has been proposed as surrogate marker of nociception. The ANI reflects the parasympathetic tone and thus may allow anesthetists to better adapt the opioid dosage. In this thesis, we first evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of ANI to detect nociceptive stimuli, and showed that it better detects them than do clinical signs or than other currently available monitoring tools. Subsequently, we validated the ability of the ANI to adequately guide the intraoperative dosing of remifentanil in different clinical setting.After acute and sustained exposure to different doses of remifentanil and sufentanil we investigated, in vivo, the mechanisms associated with thermal hyperalgesia in mice, and ex vivo, the effect on the MAP kinase ERK1/2 pathway and the μ-type opioid receptor (MOR) membrane trafficking in human neuroblastoma and embryonic kidney cell cultures. In mice, high-dose remifentanil induced early hyperalgesia assessed by the jumping latency in a hot-plate test, but not the sufentanil. We did not observe OIH for the hind paw licking test. On cell cultures, after short exposure, both remifentanil and sufentanil produced activation of the MAP kinase ERK1/2 pathway, and rapid desensitization and internalization of the MOR
Roeckel, Laurie-Anne. "Le récepteur opioïde Mu et les interactions entre systèmes opioïde et cannabinoïde dans les effets nociceptifs et addictogènes de la morphine." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAJ012.
Full textThe opioid system controls pain and reward, and the Mu opioid receptor plays a central role in these effects. In the first part of the thesis, we showed that Mu receptor is also involved in the development of hyperalgesia induced by chronic opiate exposure. In the second part of the thesis, we studied the impact of opioid and cannabinoid interactions on effects associated to chronic morphine administration. We explored the effects of a pretreatment with a CB1 cannabinoid receptor selective agonist, arachidonyl-2-chloroethylamide (ACEA), on morphine-associated nociceptive, withdrawal, reward and naturalistic behaviors. To complete this behavioral study, we performed transcriptional and functional analyses to identify the neuroadaptative processes involved. Our study demonstrates that dual activation of CB1 and Mu receptors has a beneficial effect on behavioral parameters related to addiction, pointing to potential usefulness of combining both medications for therapeutic interventions
Vilpoux, Catherine. "Contribution à l'étude du délai d'action des antidépresseurs : effets de traitements chroniques par des antidépresseurs sur le transporteur vésiculaire des monoamines, la tyrosine hydroxylase, les récepteurs opioïdes mu et delta et le récepteur ORL1 de la nociceptine chez le rat." Rouen, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ROUES016.
Full textDourmap, Nathalie. "Etude de la modulation des transmissions dopaminergiques mésolimbiques et mésostriatales par les enképhalines." Rouen, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ROUES040.
Full textDelay-Goyet, Philippe. "Différenciation biochimique et pharmacologique des récepteurs opioides mu et delta." Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA05P609.
Full textLutz, Pierre-Eric. "La comorbidité entre dépendance aux opiacés et dépression : mécanismes sérotoninergiques dans un modèle murin." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00856593.
Full textPhilippe, David. "Rôle et expression du récepteur opioïde µ au cours de l'inflammation intestinale." Lille 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LIL2S017.
Full textThe principal roles of µ opioid receptor (MOR) agonists are analgesia, inhibition of intestinal motility and secretions. More recently, immunoregulation and anti-inflammatory functions have been described in vitro. In a first study, we evaluated the involvement of MOR in intestinal inflammation. These experiments revealed a reduction of colitis by the administration of both MOR agonists (DALDA and DAMGO), reflected by increased survival rates, an improvement of the different biological parameters and an inhibition of T cells proliferation. Moreover, MOR-/- mice displayed an increased susceptibility to TNBS-induced colitis compared to WT mice. Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are the main human inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), characterized by unknown etiology and no curative treatment is available to date. We observed that the principal source of MOR in healthy controls and IBD patients intestine were macrophages, CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, as well as enteric nervous system. During inflammatory process, MOR were overexpressed by the peripheral blood and intestinal lamina propria mononuclear cells of IBD patients compared to control patients. This MOR overexpression was correlated with the TNFa mRNA levels in IBD patients and dependent of the NF-kB transduction pathway. Moreover, anti-inflammatory properties of MOR agonists were highlighted by using human biopsies of IBD patients, implying an involvement on the CD4+ T cells as major key cells in the IBD physiopathology. To conclude, we have shown that MOR activation exerts a powerful anti-inflammatory effect in vivo in mice and ex vivo in human. Combined properties of the selective agonists on motility, abdominal pain and inflammation could offer new strategies in the treatment of IBD
Perret, Bénédicte. "Approches moléculaires du mode d'action des opioi͏̈des : Etude structurale et fonctionnelle du récepteur humain des opioi͏̈des de type mu surexprimé en cellules d'insecte." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR13057.
Full textPain management and treatment represent a major unmet medical challenge. Morphine remains the most potent painkiller used clinically, despite secondary side effects. It principally acts on the mu opioid receptor that belongs to the superfamily of the G-Protein-Coupled receptors. Interpretation of the opioid mode of action at the molecular level needs that we understand how the receptor and ligands interact with each other and what are the associated conformational changes. Moreover, the integration of structure-based methods, virtual screening, and combinatorial chemistry can provide the basis for more efficient drug design. In the case of opioids, this strategy is not applicable because these receptors are not yet amenable to structure based drug design due to the lack of three-dimensional structures. These receptors are endogenously poorly expressed so appropriate overexpression systems are required to obtain the large amounts needed for crystallization. This work began with solubilization and purification trials of the human mu opioid receptor (hMOR) overexpressed in baculovirus-infected Sf9 cells. Because difficulties we encountered, a new system of expression based on stable cell lines and on an inducible expression in Drosophila melanogaster Schneider S2 cells was developed. In an innovating way, the receptor was fused to the EGFP to follow, localize, directly quantify and develop a purification protocol. The produced receptor EGFPhMOR was biochemically and pharmacologically characterized and we began the purification process. In parallel, we wished to adapt the measurement of the binding capacity of the receptor based on the fluorescence resonance energy transfer between the EGFP fused to the receptor and opioid ligands wa made fluorescent
Grondin, Marie-Ève. "Rôle des enképhalines et des récepteurs mu opiacés dans l'appétit pour le sel." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18343.
Full textJouvenel, Antoine. "Tolérance et hyperalgésie induites par la morphine : caractérisation de l’interaction physiopathologique entre MOR et FLT3." Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTT014.
Full textDespite opioids are the most effective class of analgesics, opioid pain medications have detrimental side effects limiting their analgesic efficacy. Morphine Opioid Receptors (MOR) expressed in Dorsal Root Ganglion (DRG) sensory neurons drive part of morphine analgesia and are involved in morphine-induced tolerance (MIT) and hyperalgesia (MIH). Although knowledge of the neural mechanisms underlying MIT and MIH has gradually advanced, the essential molecular factors involved in opioid receptor signal transduction are still unknown, which has prevented the development of efficient therapies to maximize and sustain opioid analgesic efficacy. Our team has previously shown that the Fms-Like Tyrosine kinase 3 receptor (FLT3) in DRG sensory neurons is critical for the development and the maintenance of neuronal hyperexcitability after nerve injury-induced Neuropathic Pain (NP). Since NP shares common mechanisms with MIH, we hypothesize that peripheral neuronal FLT3 modulates morphine analgesia by interacting with peripheral MOR. We found that MOR and FLT3 are colocalized and FLT3 activation induces MIT and MIH through a physical interaction with MOR in DRG neurons. Therefore, in vitro approaches revealed an involvement of FLT3-dependent signaling pathways in the regulation of morphine analgesia in HEK293T cells co-expressing MOR and FLT3. Deletion of FLT3 reduced MIT, MIH and long-term potentiation without altering morphine antinociception. In fact, extracellular blockade of FLT3 with BDT001 potentiated morphine analgesia while CPP paradigm revealed a blockade of morphine reward effects. On a pain model of chronic inflammatory pain (CFA), BDT001 prevented MIT and MIH development with chronic morphine administration and improved morphine efficacy during treatment. Altogether, these data suggest a trigger function of FLT3 activity on MOR peripheral activation and functions
Drieu, la Rochelle Armand. "Etude des interactions fonctionnelles entre récepteurs à peptide RF-amide et caractérisation de ligands bifonctionnels des récepteurs mu opioïde et NPFF." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAJ109/document.
Full textOpioid analgesics continue to be the cornerstones for treating moderate to severe pain. However, upon chronic administration, their efficiency is limited because of prominent side effects, such as tolerance and dependence. One hypothesis for the occurrence of these side effects is that the chronic stimulation of the opioid system may trigger its endogenous counterparts, anti-opioid systems, producing hyperalgesia and analgesic tolerance. Previous data from our lab and others suggest that RF-amide peptide receptors can modulate pain signalling through cross-interactions. We developed cell lines expressing fluorescent RF-amide receptors for the study of functional crosstalk and heterodimerization between RF-amide peptide receptors, i.e. GPR103 and NPFF1R. Through a productive collaboration with two teams of chemists, we identified and characterized multitarget peptidomimetic compounds that combined G protein-biased agonism and NPFFR antagonism. In accordance with in vitro results, we observed that acute subcutaneous administration of this compound produced long-lasting antinociceptive effects with less respiratory depression in mice. No hypersensitivity nor analgesic tolerance developed after chronic administration. Altogether, this molecule showed potent antinociceptive effect with limited side effects upon acute and chronic administration
Poisnel, Géraldine. "Polyconsommation de psychotropes et liaisons spécifiques aux récepteurs aux opïoides de type mu, delta et kappa : étude préliminaire à l'investigation chez l'homme et caractérisation de nouveaux ligands utilisables en tomographie par émission de positons." Caen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CAEN3089.
Full textBuprenorphine (BPN), a substitution therapy for heroin addicts, is largely abused and misused especially in association with benzodiazepines (BZD). First, we have shown that a BZD (dipotassium clorazepate) acts on density of opioid receptor subtypes and affinity of three specific ligands. Consequently, our aim was to investigate if this effect was constant for the BZD class, if it was function of the effective dose, the pharmacokinetic or the abuse potential of each BZD. Five BZD or related (alprazolam, clonazepam, flunitrazepam, loprazolam, zolpidem) in combination with BPN were tested to measure their effect on the regulation of µ-opioid receptors. All the studied BZD modify the regulation of µ-opioid receptors induced by BPN by increasing their density. In order to study, in human, the contribution of each opioid receptor subtypes in drug-addiction, pain or anaesthesia, specific tracers with good affinity usable in Positron Emission Tomography or Single Photon Emission Tomography were characterized in vitro by evaluating affinity, selectivity or intrinsic activity. A new methodological approach of competitive displacement binding on tissue sections and using a high-resolution radio-imager was developed and validated. Ex vivo evaluation of the most promising compounds (metabolism, cerebral and peripheral biodistribution and specific binding) in small animals, once radiolabeled, allowed to put forward two new radioligands for in vivo imaging of mu and kappa opioid receptors
Desroches, Julie. "Rôle et implication du système cannabinoïde dans la modulation périphérique de la douleur inflammatoire et neuropathique." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11170.
Full textOpium (opioids) and cannabis (cannabinoids) derivatives present many interesting properties. Following the identification of their respective receptors, various pharmacological strategies have tried to exploit their analgesic properties. The cloning of cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors has promoted the discovery of endogenous agonists of these receptors named endocannabinoids. The two mostly studied endocannabinoids are anandamide and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG). This has also led to the identification of enzymes that catalyze the inactivation of these endogenous cannabinoids: a fatty acid amide hydrolase or FAAH and a monoacylglycerol lipase or MAGL. It is known that the endogenous cannabinoid system is upregulated in a variety of pathological processes, such as inflammatory and neuropathic pain. This increase is usually interpreted as a physiological response to restore homeostasis and it was particularly observed in the periphery. Endocannabinoids seem to act specifically at key moments in targeted tissues to minimize the consequences related to the onset of pain. This observation is very interesting from a therapeutic perspective because it suggests the possibility of targeting the endocannabinoid degrading enzymes in order to increase their local concentrations and thus prolong their neuromodulatory action. At the peripheral level, the activation of cannabinoid receptors induces beneficial antinociceptive effects while minimizing side effects often associated with their central activation. We focused our work on the peripheral modulation of this endogenous system using inhibitors of endocannabinoid degrading enzymes to assess their therapeutic potential and to elucidate the mechanisms of action underlying their effects in animal models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain. We have demonstrated that this approach can relieve the symptoms associated with these two types of pain, through the activation of CB1 and CB2 receptors. The opioid and cannabinoid systems have similarities, including comparable locations along the pain pathways, mechanisms of action relayed by G protein-coupled receptors and common pharmacological properties such as analgesia. The opioid system is involved in the antinociceptive effects induced by cannabinoids. In contrast, the participation of the cannabinoid system in those induced by morphine remains uncertain. We have demonstrated that peripheral and spinal antinociceptive effects induced by morphine are reduced in genetically modified mice in which the expression of CB1 and CB2 receptors was eliminated, suggesting a role for these receptors in the effects of morphine. We have further demonstrated that the decrease in morphine-induced analgesia in these mice is not caused by a malfunction of the mu opioid receptors (MOP) or by a down-regulation of these receptors. Our results confirm the existence of functional interactions between cannabinoid and opioid systems at the peripheral and spinal levels. These findings are promising from a therapeutic perspective since a targeted modulation of the levels of endocannabinoids and endogenous opioids would induce potentially synergistic beneficial analgesic effects while minimizing side effects associated with the central activation of these systems.