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Academic literature on the topic 'Receptive dendrites'
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Journal articles on the topic "Receptive dendrites"
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ROYER, AUDREY S., and ROBERT F. MILLER. "Dendritic impulse collisions and shifting sites of action potential initiation contract and extend the receptive field of an amacrine cell." Visual Neuroscience 24, no. 4 (July 2007): 619–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523807070617.
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We evaluated the contributions of somatic and dendritic impulses to the receptive field dimensions of amacrine cells in the amphibian retina. For this analysis, we used the NEURON simulation program with a multicompartmental, multichannel model of an On-Off amacrine cell with a three-dimensional structure obtained through computer tracing techniques. Simulated synaptic inputs were evenly spaced along the dendritic branches and organized into eight annuli of increasing radius. The first set of simulations activated each ring progressively to simulate an area summation experiment, while a second approach activated each annulus individually. Both sets of simulations were done with and without the presence of Na channels in the dendrites and soma. Unexpectedly, the receptive field dimensions observed in the area summation simulations was often smaller than that predicted from the summation of the annular simulations. Collisions of action potentials moving in opposite directions in the dendrites largely accounted for this contraction in receptive field size for the area summation studies. The presence of dendritic Na channels increased the size of the receptive field beyond that achieved in their absence and allowed the physiological size of the receptive field to approximate the physical dimensions of the dendritic tree. This receptive field augmentation was the result of impulse generating ability in the dendrites which enhanced the signal observed at the soma. These simulations provide a plausible mechanistic explanation for physiological recordings from amacrine cells that show similar phenomena.
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DAVENPORT, CHRISTOPHER M., PETER B. DETWILER, and DENNIS M. DACEY. "Functional polarity of dendrites and axons of primate A1 amacrine cells." Visual Neuroscience 24, no. 4 (May 29, 2007): 449–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523807070010.
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The A1 cell is an axon-bearing amacrine cell of the primate retina with a diffusely stratified, moderately branched dendritic tree (∼400 μm diameter). Axons arise from proximal dendrites forming a second concentric, larger arborization (>4 mm diameter) of thin processes with bouton-like swellings along their length. A1 cells are ON-OFF transient cells that fire a brief high frequency burst of action potentials in response to light (Stafford & Dacey, 1997). It has been hypothesized that A1 cells receive local input to their dendrites, with action potentials propagating output via the axons across the retina, serving a global inhibitory function. To explore this hypothesis we recorded intracellularly from A1 cells in an in vitro macaque monkey retina preparation. A1 cells have an antagonistic center-surround receptive field structure for the ON and OFF components of the light response. Blocking the ON pathway with L-AP4 eliminated ON center responses but not OFF center responses or ON or OFF surround responses. Blocking GABAergic inhibition with picrotoxin increased response amplitudes without affecting receptive field structure. TTX abolished action potentials, with little effect on the sub-threshold light response or basic receptive field structure. We also used multi-photon laser scanning microscopy to record light-induced calcium transients in morphologically identified dendrites and axons of A1 cells. TTX completely abolished such calcium transients in the axons but not in the dendrites. Together these results support the current model of A1 function, whereby the dendritic tree receives synaptic input that determines the center-surround receptive field; and action potentials arise in the axons, which propagate away from the dendritic field across the retina.
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Poe, Amy R., Lingfeng Tang, Bei Wang, Yun Li, Maria L. Sapar, and Chun Han. "Dendritic space-filling requires a neuronal type-specific extracellular permissive signal inDrosophila." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 38 (September 5, 2017): E8062—E8071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1707467114.
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Neurons sometimes completely fill available space in their receptive fields with evenly spaced dendrites to uniformly sample sensory or synaptic information. The mechanisms that enable neurons to sense and innervate all space in their target tissues are poorly understood. UsingDrosophilasomatosensory neurons as a model, we show that heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) Dally and Syndecan on the surface of epidermal cells act as local permissive signals for the dendritic growth and maintenance of space-filling nociceptive C4da neurons, allowing them to innervate the entire skin. Using long-term time-lapse imaging with intactDrosophilalarvae, we found that dendrites grow into HSPG-deficient areas but fail to stay there. HSPGs are necessary to stabilize microtubules in newly formed high-order dendrites. In contrast to C4da neurons, non–space-filling sensory neurons that develop in the same microenvironment do not rely on HSPGs for their dendritic growth. Furthermore, HSPGs do not act by transporting extracellular diffusible ligands or require leukocyte antigen-related (Lar), a receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase (RPTP) and the only knownDrosophilaHSPG receptor, for promoting dendritic growth of space-filling neurons. Interestingly, another RPTP, Ptp69D, promotes dendritic growth of C4da neurons in parallel to HSPGs. Together, our data reveal an HSPG-dependent pathway that specifically allows dendrites of space-filling neurons to innervate all target tissues inDrosophila.
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Peters, B. N., and R. H. Masland. "Responses to light of starburst amacrine cells." Journal of Neurophysiology 75, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 469–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1996.75.1.469.
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1. Starburst amacrine cells were studied using whole cell patch recording. Displaced starburst cells were labeled in rabbit retinas by intraocular injection of 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole. The retinas were isolated and maintained in vitro. The inner limiting membrane and Muller cell endfeet were removed mechanically from small areas above the starburst cell bodies, allowing an unimpeded approach under visual control to the cells. A total of 104 cells was studied. 2. In voltage-clamp recordings, the cells responded to light with slow, graded inward and outward currents on which were superimposed smaller, rapid inward currents. The rapid inward currents appeared to be postsynaptic currents. 3. The receptive fields of the cells were mapped using small spots. They had an on-center, off-surround organization. Visualizing the dendrites by including Lucifer yellow in the patch pipette showed that the receptive fields' centers closely approximated the dendritic spread of the neurons. 4. The cells' responses to movement were tested with smooth movements or with two-spot apparent motion. No directional preference was seen for spots swept across the whole receptive field, for centrifugal movements, or for centripetal movements. 5. Bath-applied tetrodotoxin (TTX) or intracellularly applied lidocaine N-ethyl bromide (QX-314) had no effect on any component of the spontaneous or light-evoked activity. Depolarization of the cell bodies by injected current showed evidence of active conductances, but they were unaffected by TTX or QX-314. 6. 6-Cyano-7-nitroquionxyline-2,3-dione eliminated the small rapid currents, indicating that they depend on alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4- isoxazolepropionic acid/kainate glutamate receptors. 7. Because it is unlikely that we voltage clamped the distalmost dendrites of these wide-field cells, uncertainties remain about rapid electrical events occurring in the dendrites. From a functional point of view, though, the fact that slow responses to distal photic stimulation were recorded at the soma suggests that the starburst cells could in principle integrate inputs across fairly substantial fractions of their total dendritic arbors. The extent to which this actually occurs remains to be learned.
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Swindale, Nicholas V. "Feedback Decoding of Spatially Structured Population Activity in Cortical Maps." Neural Computation 20, no. 1 (January 2008): 176–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco.2008.20.1.176.
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A mechanism is proposed by which feedback pathways model spatial patterns of feedforward activity in cortical maps. The mechanism can be viewed equivalently as readout of a content-addressable memory or as decoding of a population code. The model is based on the evidence that cortical receptive fields can often be described as a separable product of functions along several dimensions, each represented in a spatially ordered map. Given this, it is shown that for an N-dimensional map, accurate modeling and decoding of xN feedforward activity patterns can be done with Nx fibers, N of which must be active at any one time. The proposed mechanism explains several known properties of the cortex and pyramidal neurons: (1) the integration of signals by dendrites with a narrow tangential distribution, that is, apical dendrites; (2) the presence of fast-conducting feedback projections with broad tangential distributions; (3) the multiplicative effects of attention on receptive field profiles; and (4) the existence of multiplicative interactions between subthreshold feedforward inputs to basal dendrites and inputs to apical dendrites.
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Wilson, James R., Donna M. Forestner, and Ryan P. Cramer. "Quantitative analyses of synaptic contacts of interneurons in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the squirrel monkey." Visual Neuroscience 13, no. 6 (November 1996): 1129–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095252380000777x.
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AbstractThree interneurons were recorded from and then injected with horseradish peroxidase in the parvocellular laminae of the squirrel monkey's (Saimiri sciureus) dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus. They were then examined using the electron microscope for their synaptic contacts, both the afferent contacts onto their dendrites and their presynaptic dendritic contacts onto presumptive projection (relay) neuron dendrites. The somata of these interneurons were small (mean = 178 μm2), but the dendritic trees were large compared with those of projection neurons. All three interneurons had similar synaptic patterns onto their dendrites with about equal numbers of retinal, cortical, and GABAergic contacts. The distribution of these contacts was more uniform compared with the same types of contacts made onto projection neurons. The presynaptic dendrites were observed to contact only the dendrites of presumptive projection neurons, and these contacts were nearly all in the form of geniculate triads. None of the three interneurons displayed an axon. The receptive fields of these interneurons were similar to those of projection cells, but were larger and had center-response signs that were the opposite of the projection neurons around them (e.g. OFF center for the dorsal part of the parvocellular mass where ON-center projection neurons reside). The squirrel monkey data provides additional evidence that one aspect of the laminar pattern observed in the parvocellular pathway of the primate's dLGN might be related to a segregation of projection neurons of one center-response sign with interneurons of the opposite center-response sign.
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Renehan, W. E., M. F. Jacquin, R. D. Mooney, and R. W. Rhoades. "Structure-function relationships in rat medullary and cervical dorsal horns. II. Medullary dorsal horn cells." Journal of Neurophysiology 55, no. 6 (June 1, 1986): 1187–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1986.55.6.1187.
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In Nembutal-anesthetized rats, 31 physiologically identified medullary dorsal horn (MDH) cells were labeled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Ten responded only to deflection of one or more vibrissae. Six cells were activated by guard hair movement only, six by deflection of guard hairs or vibrissa(e), and seven by pinch of facial skin with serrated forceps. Different classes of low-threshold cells could not be distinguished on the basis of their somadendritic morphologies or laminar distribution. Neurons activated by multiple vibrissae were unique, however, in that one sent its axon into the medial lemniscus, and three projected into the trigeminal spinal tract. None of the guard hair-only or vibrissae-plus-guard hair neurons had such projections. Cells that responded best to noxious stimulation were located mainly in laminae I, II, and deep V, while neurons activated by vibrissa(e) and/or guard hair deflection were located in layers III, IV, and superficial V. Low-threshold neurons generally had fairly thick dendrites with few spines, whereas high-threshold cells tended to have thinner dendrites with numerous spines. Moreover, the dendritic arbors of low-threshold cells were, for the most part, denser than those of the noxious cells. Neurons with mandibular receptive fields were located in the dorsomedial portion of the MDH; cells with ophthalmic fields were found in the ventrolateral MDH, and maxillary cells were interposed. Cells sensitive to deflection of dorsal mystacial vibrissae and/or guard hairs were located ventral to those activated by more ventral hairs. Neurons with rostral receptive fields were found in the rostral MDH, while cells activated by hairs of the caudal mystacial pad, periauricular, and periorbital regions were located in the caudal MDH. Receptive-field types were encountered that have not been reported for trigeminal primary afferent neurons: multiple vibrissae; vibrissae plus guard hairs; and wide dynamic range. The latter two can be explained by the convergence of different primary afferent types onto individual neurons. Our failure to find a significant relationship between dendritic area (in the transverse plane) and the number of vibrissae suggests that primary afferent convergence may not be responsible for the synthesis of the multiple vibrissae receptive field. Excitatory connections between MDH neurons may, therefore, account for multiple vibrissae receptive fields in the MDH.
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Hyngstrom, Allison, Michael Johnson, Jenna Schuster, and C. J. Heckman. "Movement-related receptive fields of spinal motoneurones with active dendrites." Journal of Physiology 586, no. 6 (March 15, 2008): 1581–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2007.149146.
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Dacey, Dennis M., and Sarah Brace. "A coupled network for parasol but not midget ganglion cells in the primate retina." Visual Neuroscience 9, no. 3-4 (October 1992): 279–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523800010695.
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AbstractIntracellular injections of Neurobiotin were used to determine whether the major ganglion cell classes of the macaque monkey retina, the magnocellular-projecting parasol, and the parvocellular-projecting midget cells showed evidence of cellular coupling similar to that recently described for cat retinal ganglion cells. Ganglion cells were labeled with the fluorescent dye acridine orange in an in vitro, isolated retina preparation and were selectively targeted for intracellular injection under direct microscopic control. The macaque midget cells, like the beta cells of the cat's retina, showed no evidence of tracer coupling when injected with Neurobiotin. By contrast, Neurobiotin-filled parasol cells, like cat alpha cells, showed a distinct pattern of tracer coupling to each other (homotypic coupling) and to amacrine cells (heterotypic coupling).In instances of homotypic coupling, the injected parasol cell was surrounded by a regular array of 3–6 neighboring parasol cells. The somata and proximal dendrites of these tracer-coupled cells were lightly labeled and appeared to costratify with the injected cell. Analysis of the nearest-neighbor distances for the parasol cell clusters showed that dendritic-field overlap remained constant as dendritic-field size increased from 100–400 μm in diameter.At least two amacrine cell types showed tracer coupling to parasol cells. One amacrine type had a small soma and thin, sparsely branching dendrites that extended for 1–2 mm in the inner plexiform layer. A second amacrine type had a relatively large soma, thick main dendrites, and distinct, axon-like processes that extended for at least 2–3 mm in the inner plexiform layer. The main dendrites of the large amacrine cells were closely apposed to the dendrites of parasol cells and may be the site of Neurobiotin transfer between the two cell types. We suggest that the tracer coupling between neighboring parasol cells takes place indirectly via the dendrites of the large amacrine cells and provides a mechanism, absent in midget cells, for increasing parasol cell receptive-field size and luminance contrast sensitivity.
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Chen, Minggang, Seunghoon Lee, and Z. Jimmy Zhou. "Local synaptic integration enables ON-OFF asymmetric and layer-specific visual information processing in vGluT3 amacrine cell dendrites." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 43 (September 27, 2017): 11518–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1711622114.
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A basic scheme of neuronal organization in the mammalian retina is the segregation of ON and OFF pathways in the inner plexiform layer (IPL), where glutamate is released from ON and OFF bipolar cell terminals in separate inner (ON) and outer (OFF) sublayers in response to light intensity increments and decrements, respectively. However, recent studies have found that vGluT3-expressing glutamatergic amacrine cells (GACs) generate ON-OFF somatic responses and release glutamate onto both ON and OFF ganglion cell types, raising the possibility of crossover excitation in violation of the canonical ON-OFF segregation scheme. To test this possibility, we recorded light-evoked Ca2+ responses from dendrites of individual GACs infected with GCaMP6s in mouse. Under two-photon imaging, a single GAC generated rectified local dendritic responses, showing ON-dominant responses in ON sublayers and OFF-dominant responses in OFF sublayers. This unexpected ON-OFF segregation within a small-field amacrine cell arose from local synaptic processing, mediated predominantly by synaptic inhibition. Multiple forms of synaptic inhibition compartmentalized the GAC dendritic tree and endowed all dendritic varicosities with a small-center, strong-surround receptive field, which varied in receptive field size and degree of ON-OFF asymmetry with IPL depth. The results reveal a form of short-range dendritic autonomy that enables a small-field, dual-transmitter amacrine cell to process diverse dendritic functions in a stratification level- and postsynaptic target-specific manner, while preserving the fundamental ON-OFF segregation scheme for parallel visual processing and high spatial resolution for small object motion and uniformity detection.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Receptive dendrites"
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Aksoy, Ezra. "Regulatory mechanisms in toll-like receptir pathways: control of dendritic cell functions by protein kinases." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210916.
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